71:
692:
185:
531:
137:
681:
708:. During its first visit the expedition identified a few exposed shaped stones fitted together at some of the stone mounds. The following year (February 1959) the first excavations started at one of the mounds on the plateau, now called Tomb I. Two more seasons (1960 and 1961) involved digging more tombs, while the last three seasons (1962/1963, 1964 and 1965) were allocated to examining the settlement.
843:
756:
78:
835:(2,371-2,316 BCE) boasted that his ports were home to boats from Tilmun, Magan and Meluhha. His successor, Naram-Sin, not only conquered Magan, but honoured the Magan King Manium by naming the city of Manium-Ki in Mesopotamia after him. Trade between the Indus Valley and Sumer took place through Magan.
703:
The first archaeological excavations in Abu Dhabi began at Umm Al Nar in 1959, twelve years before the foundation of the United Arab
Emirates. Seven tombs from a total of fifty and three areas at the ruins of the ancient settlement were examined by a Danish Archaeological Expedition under Danish
864:
The archaeological record of the Hafit and Umm Al Nar periods show the area of southeastern Arabia formed a locus for a bipolar field of trade between
Mesopotamia and the Indus where the people of Magan were intermediaries, suppliers and consumers, but also political agents acting in their own
804:
feature large towers, presumably defensive in purpose. At Tell Abraq, this fortification is 40 metres in diameter, but most are between 16 and 25 metres. These fortifications typically are built around a well, presumably to protect important water resources.
780:
The distinctive circular tombs of the Umm Al Nar period (2,600-2,000 BCE) distinguish it from the preceding Hafit period, together with finds of distinctive black on red decorated pottery and jewellery made with gems such as carnelian, sourced from the
715:. During the Iraqi excavations which lasted one season, five tombs were excavated and a small section of the village was examined. Between 1970 and 1972 an Iraqi restoration team headed by Shah Al Siwani, former member of the Antiquities Director in
853:
Archaeological finds dating from this time show trade not only with the Indus Valley and Sumer, but also with Iran and
Bactria. They have also revealed what is thought to be the oldest case on record of
559:
861:
Domestic manufactures in the late third millennium included soft-stone vessels, decorated with dotted circles. These, in the shapes of beakers, bowls and compartmentalised boxes, are distinctive.
726:
in Dubai, archaeological excavation between 1994 and 1995 revealed an Umm Al Nar type circular tomb dating between 2500 and 2000 B.C. An Umm Al Nar tomb forms the centrepiece of the
777:
followed the Ubaid period. During the Hafit period (3200 - 2600 BCE) burial cairns with the appearance of a beehive appeared, consisting of a small chamber for one to two burials.
1500:
464:
469:
759:
Decorated stone cup from the original Umm Al Nar discovery, Abu Dhabi. Cups similar to these have been found at other Umm Al Nar era sites around the UAE. On display at the
552:
1515:
945:
1361:(Jutland Archaeological Society Publications) (v. 1) Karen Frifelt (Author), Ella Hoch (Contributor), Manfred Kunter (Contributor), David S. Reese (Contributor)];
887:
There is some dispute as to the exact cause of the end of the trading era of the Umm Al Nar period and the subsequent, and inwardly focused, domestication of the
494:
891:
period (2,000-1,300 BCE), and modern consensus is that the transition from the Umm Al Nar to the Wadi Suq period was evolutionary and not revolutionary. The
545:
70:
902:
The poorly represented last phase of the Bronze Age (1,600-1,300 BCE) has only been vaguely identified in a small number of settlements. This phase of the
868:
The trade with
Mesopotamia collapsed in and around 2,000 BCE, with a series of disasters including the Aryan invasion of the Indus Valley, the fall of the
1490:
672:
in the outer wall and multiple human remains within. The tombs are frequently associated with towers, many of which were built around water sources.
1495:
489:
1485:
935:
512:
99:
940:
517:
846:
Terracotta Ubaid Ware bottle from the original Umm Al Nar discovery in Abu Dhabi. The bottle dates back to 2,000-2,500 BCE. On display at the
820:). Akkadian campaigns against Magan took place in the twenty-third century, again possibly explaining the need for fortifications, and both
1520:
923:
268:
1324:
Gregoricka, L. A. (2016-03-01). "Human
Response to Climate Change during the Umm an-Nar/Wadi Suq Transition in the United Arab Emirates".
484:
479:
967:
474:
459:
170:
1454:
1391:
1267:
1038:
770:(5,000-3,800 BCE) followed the neolithic Arabian bifacial era. Pottery vessels of the period already show contact with Mesopotamia.
660:, is protected, but its location between a refinery and a sensitive military area means public access is currently prohibited.
421:
1428:
1413:
1300:
1234:
1178:
1145:
1109:
1076:
812:) are made, as well as references to 'the Lords of Magan'. Sumerian sources also point to 'Tilmun' (accepted today as modern
723:
696:
416:
411:
228:
1204:"Intercultural relations between South and Southwest Asia. Studies in commemoration of E.C.L. during Caspers (1934-1995)"
727:
218:
535:
1510:
881:
817:
782:
633:
350:
789:
426:
238:
711:
The Danish excavations on Umm Al Nar halted in 1965 but were resumed in 1975 by an archaeological team from
621:
The Umm Al Nar people were important regional trading intermediaries between the ancient civilisations of
585:
49:
1505:
406:
1379:
184:
691:
737:
637:
607:
205:
142:
668:
A key indicator of the Umm Al Nar culture is circular tombs typically characterized by well fitted
597:
618:, the capital of the UAE, which provided early evidence and finds that came to define the period.
825:
731:
680:
1424:
1409:
1387:
1341:
1306:
1296:
1273:
1263:
1240:
1230:
1184:
1174:
1151:
1141:
1115:
1105:
1082:
1072:
1044:
1034:
964:
884:
Culture in 1800 BC. The abandonment of the port of Umm Al Nar took place at around this time.
858:, with the distinctive signs of the disease found in the skeleton of a woman from Tell Abraq.
1333:
892:
888:
847:
760:
614:. The etymology derives from the island of the same name which lies adjacent to the city of
277:
971:
911:
832:
576:
454:
378:
290:
40:
685:
436:
320:
243:
1440:. Abu Dhabi Culture & Heritage, Department of Historic Environment, Abu Dhabi 2011
1479:
1461:
The Hafit – Umm an-Nar transition: Evidence from Falaj al-Qaba'il and Jabal al-Emalah
747:, settlements associated with the start of the Umm Al Nar Culture began c. 2500 BCE.
396:
315:
310:
1012:
1444:
774:
767:
305:
285:
196:
983:
869:
842:
821:
630:
626:
401:
644:
as well as a trading entrepot for other goods from the Indus Valley, including
903:
797:
793:
744:
705:
603:
330:
253:
223:
1345:
1277:
1048:
808:
During this period, the first
Sumerian mentions of a land of Magan (Akkadian
114:
101:
1310:
1260:
Traditional architecture of the
Arabian Gulf : building on desert tides
1188:
1155:
1086:
755:
645:
615:
1244:
1119:
895:
saw more inland settlement, increasingly sophisticated metallurgy and the
17:
839:(2,113-2,096 BCE) laid claim to having 'brought back the ships of Magan'.
836:
300:
606:
culture that existed around 2600-2000 BCE in the area of the modern-day
813:
716:
641:
1452:
Monumentality and the Third-millennium “Towers” of the Oman
Peninsula.
669:
358:
325:
295:
248:
233:
1337:
1203:
831:
Magan was famed for its shipbuilding and its maritime capabilities.
1468:
906:
was followed by a boom when the underground irrigation system (the
919:
896:
855:
841:
801:
754:
690:
679:
622:
431:
1467:. Paris 2012: Travaux de la Maison René-Ginouves 16, S. 371–377.
828:
in particular, wrote of campaigning against '32 lords of Magan'.
877:
712:
611:
1365:(Jutland Archaeological Society Publications) December 1, 1995]
1363:
Island of Umm-an-Nar Volume 2: The Third
Millennium Settlement
719:, restored and/or reconstructed the Danish excavated tombs.
183:
873:
1359:
The Island of Umm-an-Nar Volume 1: Third
Millennium Graves
788:
A number of important Umm Al Nar sites in the UAE such as
1380:
The Tower Tombs at Shir, Eastern Ḥajar, Sultanate of Oman
1401:
Jutland Archaeologcia Society Publications, Aarhus 1995
1384:
Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Archäologie
1465:
Aux marges de l'archéologie: Hommages à Serge Cleuziou
695:
Distinctive Umm Al Nar burial - this grave is at the
740:
in Bahrain also feature Umm Al Nar Culture remains.
590:
470:
Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs
54:
1463:. In. J. Giraud, G. Gernez, V. de Castéja (Hrsg.):
1013:"Introduction to the Archaeology of Ras Al Khaimah"
965:
UAE History: 20,000 - 2,000 years ago - UAEinteract
148:
130:
35:
640:', the area was the source of Sumer's copper and
1450:Charlotte Marie Cable, Christopher P. Thornton:
1033:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 27–38.
946:Archaeological Sites of Bat, Al-Khutm and Al-Ayn
880:in 2,000 BC and the decline of the Indus Valley
465:Saudi Arabia–United Arab Emirates border dispute
27:Bronze Age culture located in the modern-day UAE
1293:United Arab Emirates : a new perspective
1171:United Arab Emirates : a new perspective
1138:United Arab Emirates : a new perspective
1069:United Arab Emirates : a new perspective
553:
8:
1501:Cultural history of the United Arab Emirates
1438:Archaeology of Umm an-Nar Island (1959–2009)
1291:Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter, eds. (2001).
1169:Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter, eds. (2001).
1136:Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter, eds. (2001).
1067:Abed, Ibrahim; Hellyer, Peter, eds. (2001).
988:Settlement and Cemetery of Umm an-Nar Island
656:The key site on the island, today known as
560:
546:
157:
32:
1326:International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
1229:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 29.
1104:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 27.
1516:Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
957:
936:Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
816:) and Meluhha (thought to refer to the
169:
163:This article is part of a series on the
147:
129:
94:
63:
941:List of Ancient Settlements in the UAE
926:(1,300-300 BCE) by local communities.
684:A tomb from the Umm Al Nar culture in
1295:. London: Trident Press. p. 44.
1173:. London: Trident Press. p. 46.
1140:. London: Trident Press. p. 43.
1071:. London: Trident Press. p. 40.
1007:
1005:
7:
1131:
1129:
1062:
1060:
1058:
636:culture. Known to the Sumerians as '
915:
602:'Mother of the Fire') is a
580:
44:
77:
25:
1491:20th-century BC disestablishments
1029:Potter, Lawrence G., ed. (2009).
529:
135:
76:
69:
1496:1959 archaeological discoveries
1421:The Third Millennium Settlement
1258:Hawker, Ronald William (2008).
536:United Arab Emirates portal
422:General Maritime Treaty of 1820
1486:26th-century BC establishments
1:
1443:About Umm an-Nar culture, at
724:Al Sufouh Archaeological Site
697:Al Sufouh Archaeological Site
417:Persian Gulf campaign of 1819
412:Persian Gulf campaign of 1809
728:Mleiha Archaeological Centre
475:First parliamentary election
1521:Bronze Age cultures of Asia
1031:The Persian Gulf in history
591:
55:
1537:
1386:(BAVA) 18, 1998, 183–241,
984:"UNESCO - Tentative Lists"
922:was introduced during the
897:domestication of the camel
1399:The Island of Umm-an-Nar.
95:
64:
1436:Walid Yasin Al Tikriti:
1262:. Southampton, UK: WIT.
1225:Donald., Hawley (1970).
1208:BAR International Series
1100:Donald., Hawley (1970).
592:Umm an-Nār or Umm al-Nar
427:Perpetual Maritime Truce
1406:Third Millennium Graves
1378:P. Yule–G. Weisgerber,
850:
763:
700:
688:
402:Portuguese Khor Fakkan
188:
845:
758:
694:
683:
355:Archaeological sites
282:Archaeological sites
215:Archaeological sites
187:
152:5 m (16 ft)
115:24.43833°N 54.51444°E
1202:Edens, Christopher.
833:King Sargon of Akkad
738:Dilmun Burial Mounds
608:United Arab Emirates
176:United Arab Emirates
59:"Mother of the Fire"
518:Ancient settlements
111: /
1227:The Trucial States
1102:The Trucial States
1017:rakheritage.rak.ae
970:2013-06-13 at the
851:
764:
701:
689:
211:Umm Al Nar culture
206:Magan civilization
189:
120:24.43833; 54.51444
1511:Ancient Near East
1459:Daniel T. Potts:
751:Occupation phases
601:
589:
570:
569:
495:COVID-19 pandemic
460:Pearling industry
174:
156:
155:
53:
16:(Redirected from
1528:
1366:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1064:
1053:
1052:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
980:
974:
962:
917:
893:Wadi Suq culture
848:Louvre Abu Dhabi
761:Louvre Abu Dhabi
596:
594:
584:
582:
562:
555:
548:
534:
533:
532:
480:Yemeni Civil War
397:Portuguese Dibba
278:Wadi Suq culture
271:
199:
177:
172:
164:
158:
141:
139:
138:
126:
125:
123:
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
80:
79:
73:
58:
48:
46:
33:
21:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1476:
1475:
1397:Karen Frifelt,
1375:
1370:
1369:
1357:
1353:
1338:10.1002/oa.2409
1323:
1322:
1318:
1303:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1237:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1181:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1112:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1010:
1003:
993:
991:
982:
981:
977:
972:Wayback Machine
963:
959:
954:
932:
753:
678:
666:
654:
566:
530:
528:
523:
522:
508:
500:
499:
490:Socotra dispute
455:Buraimi Dispute
450:
442:
441:
392:
384:
383:
379:Battle of Dibba
374:
366:
365:
346:
345:Pre-Islamic Era
338:
337:
291:Bidaa Bint Saud
273:
269:
261:
260:
201:
197:
175:
173:History of the
171:
162:
136:
134:
119:
117:
113:
110:
105:
102:
100:
98:
97:
91:
90:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
81:
60:
38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1534:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1457:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1417:
1395:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1351:
1332:(2): 211–220.
1316:
1301:
1283:
1268:
1250:
1235:
1217:
1194:
1179:
1161:
1146:
1125:
1110:
1092:
1077:
1054:
1039:
1021:
1001:
975:
956:
955:
953:
950:
949:
948:
943:
938:
931:
928:
752:
749:
704:archaeologist
686:Ras Al Khaimah
677:
674:
665:
662:
653:
650:
581:أُمّ الـنَّـار
568:
567:
565:
564:
557:
550:
542:
539:
538:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
509:
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
492:
487:
485:Qatar blockade
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
451:
449:Modern history
448:
447:
444:
443:
440:
439:
437:Trucial States
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
362:
361:
353:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
334:
333:
328:
323:
321:Saruq Al Hadid
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
280:
274:
267:
266:
263:
262:
259:
258:
257:
256:
251:
246:
244:Saruq Al Hadid
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
213:
208:
202:
195:
194:
191:
190:
180:
179:
167:
166:
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
132:
128:
127:
93:
92:
83:
82:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
45:أُمّ الـنَّـار
39:
36:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1533:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:3-8053-2518-5
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:9781845641351
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1040:9780230618459
1036:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1006:
1002:
989:
985:
979:
976:
973:
969:
966:
961:
958:
951:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
929:
927:
925:
921:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
859:
857:
856:poliomyelitis
849:
844:
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
778:
776:
771:
769:
762:
757:
750:
748:
746:
741:
739:
735:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
714:
709:
707:
698:
693:
687:
682:
675:
673:
671:
663:
661:
659:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
610:and Northern
609:
605:
599:
593:
587:
578:
574:
563:
558:
556:
551:
549:
544:
543:
541:
540:
537:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
510:
504:
503:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
452:
446:
445:
438:
435:
433:
432:Trucial Kalba
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
388:
387:
380:
377:
376:
370:
369:
360:
357:
356:
354:
352:
351:Sasanian rule
349:
348:
342:
341:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:Qattara Oasis
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
281:
279:
276:
275:
272:
265:
264:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
216:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
200:
193:
192:
186:
182:
181:
178:
168:
165:
160:
159:
151:
144:
133:
124:
96:Coordinates:
72:
57:
51:
42:
34:
19:
1506:Ubaid period
1464:
1460:
1451:
1445:academia.edu
1437:
1420:
1405:
1398:
1383:
1373:Bibliography
1362:
1358:
1354:
1329:
1325:
1319:
1292:
1286:
1259:
1253:
1226:
1220:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1170:
1164:
1137:
1101:
1095:
1068:
1030:
1024:
1016:
992:. Retrieved
987:
978:
960:
907:
901:
886:
870:Mesopotamian
867:
863:
860:
852:
830:
818:Indus Valley
809:
807:
787:
783:Indus Valley
779:
775:Hafit period
772:
768:Ubaid period
765:
742:
736:
721:
710:
702:
667:
658:Sas Al Nakhl
657:
655:
631:Indus Valley
620:
572:
571:
391:Colonial Era
306:Seih Al Harf
286:Al Thuqeibah
210:
161:
30:Place in UAE
994:18 December
865:interests.
676:Excavations
648:jewellery.
627:Mesopotamia
513:Archaeology
373:Islamic Era
118: /
1480:Categories
1429:8772885777
1414:8772885610
1302:1900724472
1236:0049530054
1214:: 175–183.
1180:1900724472
1147:1900724472
1111:0049530054
1078:1900724472
952:References
904:Bronze Age
822:Manishtusu
798:Tell Abraq
794:Al Badiyah
745:Tell Abraq
664:Attributes
604:Bronze Age
573:Umm Al Nar
331:Tell Abraq
254:Tell Abraq
224:Al Ashoosh
198:Bronze Age
106:54°30′52″E
103:24°26′18″N
84:Umm Al Nar
56:Umm Al Nār
37:Umm Al Nar
18:Umm an-Nar
1447:website:
1346:1099-1212
1278:191244229
1049:319175648
826:Naram-Sin
699:in Dubai.
646:carnelian
616:Abu Dhabi
586:romanized
229:Al Sufouh
149:Elevation
50:romanized
1419:Vol. 2:
1404:Vol. 1:
1311:47140175
1189:47140175
1156:47140175
1087:47140175
990:. UNESCO
968:Archived
930:See also
924:Iron Age
889:Wadi Suq
882:Harappan
872:city of
837:Ur-Nammu
652:Location
634:Harappan
629:and the
316:Rumailah
301:Muweilah
270:Iron Age
916:فَـلَـج
814:Bahrain
732:Sharjah
717:Baghdad
706:PV Glob
642:diorite
600:
588::
131:Country
52::
1469:online
1455:online
1427:
1412:
1390:
1382:, in:
1344:
1309:
1299:
1276:
1266:
1245:152680
1243:
1233:
1187:
1177:
1154:
1144:
1120:152680
1118:
1108:
1085:
1075:
1047:
1037:
918:)) or
912:Arabic
810:Makkan
670:ashlar
623:Sumeri
577:Arabic
507:Topics
407:Julfar
359:Ed-Dur
326:Shimal
296:Ed-Dur
249:Shimal
234:Ed-Dur
219:Mleiha
140:
41:Arabic
920:Qanat
908:Falaj
802:Kalba
638:Magan
1425:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1388:ISBN
1342:ISSN
1307:OCLC
1297:ISBN
1274:OCLC
1264:ISBN
1241:OCLC
1231:ISBN
1212:1826
1185:OCLC
1175:ISBN
1152:OCLC
1142:ISBN
1116:OCLC
1106:ISBN
1083:OCLC
1073:ISBN
1045:OCLC
1035:ISBN
996:2017
878:Elam
824:and
800:and
790:Hili
773:The
766:The
713:Iraq
612:Oman
598:lit.
239:Hili
1334:doi
876:to
743:At
730:in
722:At
625:in
143:UAE
1482::
1423:.
1408:.
1340:.
1330:26
1328:.
1305:.
1272:.
1239:.
1210:.
1206:.
1183:.
1150:.
1128:^
1114:.
1081:.
1057:^
1043:.
1015:,
1004:^
986:.
914::
899:.
874:Ur
796:,
792:,
785:.
734:.
595:,
583:,
579::
47:,
43::
1431:.
1416:.
1394:.
1348:.
1336::
1313:.
1280:.
1247:.
1191:.
1158:.
1122:.
1089:.
1051:.
998:.
910:(
575:(
561:e
554:t
547:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
