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70:. The genitalia are complex and provide the basis for species discrimination in most families and also in family identification. The genitalia are attached onto the tenth or most distal segment of the abdomen. Lepidoptera have some of the most complex genital structures in the insect groups with a wide variety of complex spines, setae, scales and tufts in males, claspers of different shapes and different modifications of the
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While the layout of internal genital ducts and openings of the female genitalia depends upon the taxonomic group that insect belongs to, the internal female reproductive system of all lepidopterans consists of paired ovaries and accessory glands which produce the yolks and shells of the eggs. Female
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The arrangement of genitalia is important in the courtship and mating as they prevent cross-specific mating and hybridisation. The uniqueness of genitalia of a species led to the use of the morphological study of genitalia as one of the most important keys in taxonomic identification of taxa below
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When copulation takes place, the male butterfly or moth places a capsule of sperm (referred to as 'spermatophore') in a receptacle of the female (called the 'corpus bursae'). The sperm, when released from the capsule, swims directly into or via a small tube (the 'ductus bursae') into a special
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are furnished with secondary sexual characteristics. These consist of scent-producing organs, brushes, and brands or pouches of specialised scales. These presumably meet the function of convincing the female that she is mating with a male of the correct species.
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or phallus) which is extended through an eversible sheath (or 'vesica') to inseminate the female. The males have paired sperm ducts in all lepidopterans; however, the paired testes are separate in basal taxa and fused in advanced forms.
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seminal receptacle (the 'spermatheca'), where the sperm is stored until it is released into the vagina for fertilisation during egg laying, which may occur hours, days, or months after mating. The eggs pass through the
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insects have a system of receptacles and ducts in which sperm is received, transported and stored. The oviducts of the female join to form a common duct (called the 'oviductus communis') which leads to the vagina.
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Genitalia in male and female of any particular lepidopteran species are adapted to fit each other like a lock (female) and key (male). In males, the ninth abdominal segment is divided into a
111: : Primitive groups have a single genital aperture near the end of the abdomen through which both copulation and egg laying occur. This character is used to designate the Monotrysia.
193:, to the abdomen of the female after copulation preventing her from mating again. The females of some moths have a scent-emitting organ located at the tip of the abdomen.
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and related families have an external groove that carries sperm from the copulatory opening (gonopore) to the (ovipore) and are termed
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There are three basic configurations of genitalia in the majority of the
Lepidoptera based on how the arrangement in females of openings for
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family level. With the advent of DNA analysis, the study of genitalia has now become just one of the techniques used in taxonomy.
136:'vinculum'. They form a ring-like structure for the attachment of genital parts and a pair of lateral clasping organs (
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170:. The ovipore may be at the end of a modified 'ovipositor' or surrounded by a pair of broad setose anal papillae.
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140:, valvae (singular valva), or 'harpes'). The male has a median tubular organ (called
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Powell, Jerry A. (2009). "Lepidoptera". In Resh, Vincent H.; Cardé, Ring T. (eds.).
482:(2 ed.). Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 454 (with 32 plates)
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sphragis extruding 2 to 3 mm behind the abdomen.
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27:Study of the genitalia of butterflies and moths
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431:"Butterfly Anatomy Head (& other pages)"
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189:) add a post-copulatory plug, called the
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476:Identification of Indian Butterflies
293:External morphology of Lepidoptera
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405:. Encyclopædia Britannica, London
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42:Female genitalia of Lepidoptera
403:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
355:. In Capinera, John L. (ed.).
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148:The males of many species of
34:Male genitalia of Lepidoptera
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522:Animal reproductive system
358:Encyclopedia of Entomology
288:Insect reproductive system
267:Close up of the hardened
456:Scoble (1995). Section
353:"Butterflies and moths"
317:Encyclopedia of Insects
433:. learnbutterflies.com
351:Heppner, J.B. (2008).
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18:Uncus (insect anatomy)
218:with claspers closed.
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56:Lepidoptera taxonomy
235:with claspers open.
173:Butterflies of the
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215:Citheronia regalis
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517:Insect morphology
460:, (pp 98 to 102).
429:Hoskins, Adrian.
368:978-1-4020-6242-1
327:978-0-12-374144-8
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494:Introduction
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492:. Section
486:14 November
471:Evans, W.H.
409:16 November
374:14 November
333:14 November
187:Nymphalidae
181:) and some
175:Parnassinae
108:Monotrysian
60:development
52:Lepidoptera
506:Categories
299:References
270:Parnassius
101:Hepialidae
88:copulation
116:Ditrysian
96:Exoporian
48:genitalia
473:(1932).
282:See also
253:sphragis
191:sphragis
185:(Family
183:Acraeini
177:(Family
142:aedeagus
138:claspers
99: :
247:Female
197:Gallery
168:ovipore
134:ventral
64:anatomy
437:15 Nov
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249:Apollo
157:Female
130:dorsal
251:with
488:2010
439:2010
411:2010
376:2010
363:ISBN
335:2010
322:ISBN
124:Male
66:and
50:of
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