209:
are influenced by the physiological support mechanisms, such as the physical energy, that relies on the body to mobilize at an optimal level for individual action to react. In the attack or flee situation, it produces heightened cardiovascular re-activity that redistributes blood flow to relevant skeletal muscles. However, in extreme cases, negative emotions will cause damage to people's health in their cardiovascular re-activity.
208:
Negative emotions, including anger and fear, can be seen as the evolution of human adaptation to survival in life-threatening situations. For example, anger shows the sign of attack, fear shows the sign of escape. These emotional reactions interconnect with our mind and body. These negative emotions
157:
of this counter factual thinking. This theory, as stipulated by Medvec, Madey and
Gilovich (1995) states that Undoing can occur as an automatic response to a situation. Their findings involved Olympic Silver Medalists who were less happy about their achievement than the bronze medalists, even though
59:
to go back and replace the stone in its original position in the middle of the road'. Freud argued that his 'undoing this deed of love by replacing the stone where...her carriage might come to grief against it...was determined by a motive contrary to that which produced the first part' by hate, not
144:
and put objects to right magically'. Later, however, she would use it in terms of a kind of ego disintegration—'a process of undoing, or what she called "a falling into bits"'—and it was in this latter, rather different sense of the term that later
Kleinians would tend to use it: 'an invitation to
185:
the term refers to a pattern of behavior by which an offender tries to undo their crime symbolically, e.g. by painting the face of a person killed by the perpetrator, covering up and decorating the corpse with flowers, personal belongings and jewelry, or folding the hands, imitating a laying-out.
170:
Undoing can be used to 'explain away' habits or behaviors that are not in line with an individual's personality. For example, in the case of a person who is well organised in the workplace, yet always forgets to pay bills on time at home, Freudian psychologists could argue that his tardiness with
26:
in which a person tries to cancel out or remove an unhealthy, destructive or otherwise threatening thought or action by engaging in contrary behavior. For example, after thinking about being violent with someone, one would then be overly nice or accommodating to them. It is one of several defense
194:
Happiness, joy, love, excitement are all positive emotions and there is no arguing that these emotions contribute in large to how we act, how we think, and what we do. In contrast there are also negative feelings such as sadness that can lead us to act in certain ways that may not necessarily be
199:
and Robert
Levenson have come up with the undoing hypothesis. In essence what the hypothesis states is that people might hold in the effects of their positive emotions to counterbalance the effects of their negative emotions. Overall positive emotions help lower the potentially health-damaging
158:
it is known that Silver medalists have a higher honor. To the individuals, the Silver Medal represented how close they were to winning which is worse than being awarded bronze, which signified how close they were to not having a placement at all. This suggests that the
54:
Freud first described the practice of undoing in his 1909 "Notes upon a Case of
Obsessional Neurosis". Here he recounted how his patient (the "Rat Man") first removed a stone from the road in case his lady's carriage should overturn upon it, and thereafter 'felt
107:: he was especially interested in how 'the undoing sometimes does not consist in a compulsion to do the opposite of what has been done previously but in a compulsion to repeat the very same act...with the opposite unconscious meaning'.
171:
bills is an undoing of his desire to be orderly, or vice versa. Freud has been criticized regarding examples such as this because his theory is so complicated that most problems can be explained by another part of the theory.
46:, which is essentially the core of "undoing". Undoing refers to the phenomenon whereby a person tries to alter the past in some way to avoid or feign disappearance of an adversity or mishap.
75:
of some event (or experience or impression) but the event itself'. Freud then went on to use '"undoing" what has been done... good enough grounds for re-introducing the old concept of
79:, which can cover all these processes that have the same purpose—namely the protection of the ego against instinctual demands'—one of the major technical advances of his later years.
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cardiovascular reactivity that lingers following negative emotions. This effect may be especially important for those most at risk for developing coronary heart disease.
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laid stress on how 'Undoing in the pathological sense is directed at the act's very reality, and the aim is to suppress it absolutely, as though time were reversed'.
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both wrote articles linking it with 'actions and attitudes aimed at the undoing of imaginative destructions. Strivings for reparation may...be the main motive'.
492:
195:
good. Studies have been performed that have shown that positive emotions can be used to "correct" or "undo" the effects of negative emotions.
392:
Medvec, V.H., Madey, S. F. and
Gilouich, T. (1995). When less is more: Counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic Medalists,
784:
460:
Schröer J. and Püschel K. (2006). Special aspects of crime scene interpretation and behavioral analysis: The phenomenon of "undoing".
743:
559:
485:
789:
660:
592:
545:
178:, the uncomfortable feeling created when an attitude and an action, or two attitudes are in conflict with one another.
779:
717:
675:
602:
478:
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Fredrickson, B. L., Mancuso, R. A., Branigan, C. and Tugade, M. M. (2000). The undoing effect of positive emotions.
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753:
727:
640:
635:
612:
221:'s proposed Defensive Functioning Scale (under Appendix B, "Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study.")
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Melanie Klein in her early work had written of undoing in terms of a kind of magical reparation: 'a tendency to
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607:
554:
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The first psychoanalytic half-century saw several writers exploring the concept of undoing in Freud's wake.
670:
159:
758:
655:
564:
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The second half of the twentieth century saw little new theoretical or creative work around the concept.
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devoted a substantial section of his "mechanism of defense" to summarizing past work in his encyclopedic
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540:
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130:
748:
650:
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665:
627:
574:
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was a sort of implicit way of control and was not actually deliberately employed as a mechanism.
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501:
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Undoing is tentatively classified at the "Mental inhibitions (compromise formation) level" in
23:
645:
446:
522:
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67:....it is, as it were, negative magic, and endeavours, by means of motor symbolism, to
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773:
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31:
707:
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597:
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dissolution and undoing...leaving the mental field open for enactment and horror'.
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433:(4th ed., text revision ed.). American Psychiatric Association. p. 808.
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42:" was first used to describe this defense mechanism. Transliterated, it means
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during his career, many of which were later developed further by his daughter
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702:
517:
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It was two decades later in 1926 that he formalised the ego defense as'
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placed undoing among the neurotic defenses in his hierarchy of
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highlighted how 'Acts of expiation can be seen as forms of
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There is a proposal that speaks specifically about the
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693:
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379:Leslie Sohn, in H. S. Klein/J. Symington eds.,
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240:(D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans). New York: Norton.
174:For some people undoing can be used to reduce
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451:Psychology: The brain, the person, the world.
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394:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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479:
471:
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236:Laplanche, J. and Pontalis, J-B. (1973),
532:Psychotic denial or disavowal (German:
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381:Imprisoned Pain and its transformation
27:mechanisms proposed by the founder of
303:The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis
7:
546:Foreclosure or repudiation (German:
91:listed it among the ego mechanisms;
327:Jean Laplanche and J. B. Pontalis,
368:Melanie Klein: Her Work in Context
50:Freud's development of the concept
14:
560:Identification with the Aggressor
355:Developments in Psycho-Analysis
238:The language of psycho-analysis
523:Denial or abnegation (German:
329:The Language of Psychoanalysis
1:
83:In psychoanalysis after Freud
204:Effects of negative emotions
190:Effects of positive emotions
811:
785:Psychoanalytic terminology
462:Forensic pathology reviews
449:and Rosenberg, R. (2004).
65:undoing what has been done
613:Projective identification
279:(Middlesex 1987) p. 275
160:counterfactual thinking
759:Postponement of affect
415:Motivation and Emotion
342:The Freud encyclopedia
120:The Freud encyclopedia
518:Delusional projection
510:Level 1: Pathological
16:Psychological concept
744:Compartmentalization
676:Repression (German:
383:(London 2000) p. 202
331:(London 1988) p. 478
305:(London 1946) p. 155
176:cognitive dissonance
131:George Eman Vaillant
44:"making un-happened"
790:Freudian psychology
749:Defensive pessimism
651:Intellectualization
453:(2nd ed.). Boston:
357:(London 1989) p. 61
253:(London 1991) p. 70
197:Barbara Fredrickson
97:Ella Freeman Sharpe
38:. The German term "
780:Defence mechanisms
666:Reaction formation
603:Passive-aggression
555:Extreme projection
502:Defence mechanisms
277:On Psychopathology
183:criminal profiling
135:defense mechanisms
105:Theory of Neurosis
767:
766:
628:Level 3: Neurotic
575:Level 2: Immature
455:Pearson Education
366:Meira Likierman,
40:Ungeschehenmachen
24:defense mechanism
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795:1900s neologisms
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441:Further reading
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301:Otto Fenichel,
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290:Psychopathology
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251:Case Studies II
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71:not merely the
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213:Classification
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116:J. B. Pontalis
112:Jean Laplanche
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29:psychoanalysis
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101:Otto Fenichel
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32:Sigmund Freud
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25:
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754:Minimisation
708:Anticipation
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641:Dissociation
636:Displacement
618:Somatization
598:Introjection
593:Idealization
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166:Further uses
155:automaticity
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149:Automaticity
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93:Ernest Jones
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73:consequences
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56:
53:
43:
39:
19:
18:
728:Suppression
723:Sublimation
678:Verdrängung
534:Verleugnung
447:Kosslyn, S.
774:Categories
671:Regression
608:Projection
583:Acting out
548:Verwerfung
541:Distortion
525:Verneinung
467:, 193–202.
420:, 237–258.
314:Fenichel,
225:References
89:Anna Freud
36:Anna Freud
656:Isolation
565:Splitting
399:, 603–610
318:pp. 153–4
219:DSM-IV-TR
142:undo harm
69:blow away
703:Altruism
685:Undoing
588:Fantasy
288:Freud,
264:Studies
262:Freud,
124:undoing
77:defence
57:obliged
20:Undoing
713:Humour
316:Theory
292:p. 324
60:love.
737:Other
266:p. 72
127:'
22:is a
114:and
95:and
181:In
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418:24
404:^
397:69
137:.
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