70:
2459:
171:. Such terranes are often better preserved than the exposed parts of continental flood basalts and are therefore a better record of large-scale volcanic eruptions throughout Earth's history. This "docking" also means that oceanic plateaus are important contributors to the growth of continental crust. Their formations often had a dramatic impact on global climate, such as the most recent plateaus formed, the three, large, Cretaceous oceanic plateaus in the Pacific and Indian Ocean: Ontong Java, Kerguelen, and Caribbean.
401:
1435:
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3105:
2323:
2344:
577:
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1424:
3117:
2333:
163:
crust and are therefore uncontaminated by felsic crust and representative for their mantle sources. These plateaus often rise 2–3 km (1.2–1.9 mi) above the surrounding ocean floor and are more buoyant than oceanic crust. They therefore tend to withstand subduction, more-so when thick and
213:
under a plate carrying an igneous oceanic plateau, the volcanism which erupts on the plateau as the oceanic crust heats up on its descent into the mantle erupts material which is more felsic than the material which makes up the plateau. This represents a step toward creating crust which is
214:
increasingly continental in character, being less dense and more buoyant. If an igneous oceanic plateau is subducted underneath another one, or under existing continental crust, the eruptions produced thereby produce material that is yet more felsic, and so on through geologic time.
716:
Hildenbrand, Anthony; Weis, Dominique; Madureira, Pedro; Margues, Fernando
Ornelas (2014). "Recent plate re-organization at the Azores Triple Junction: Evidence from combined geochemical and geochronological data on Faial, S. Jorge and Terceira volcanic islands".
88:
There are 184 oceanic plateaus in the world, covering an area of 18,486,600 km (7,137,700 sq mi) or about 5.11% of the oceans. The South
Pacific region around Australia and New Zealand contains the greatest number of oceanic plateaus (see map).
69:
2458:
2063:
2053:
1112:
2381:
1969:
164:
when reaching subduction zones shortly after their formations. As a consequence, they tend to "dock" to continental margins and be preserved as
3148:
1384:
1152:
1072:
3168:
1616:
202:
rock). Igneous oceanic plateaus have a ratio intermediate between continental and oceanic crust, although they are more mafic than felsic.
1506:
1105:
912:
409:
39:
3006:
2211:
1638:
1526:
155:
In contrast to continental flood basalts, most igneous oceanic plateaus erupt through young and thin (6–7 km (3.7–4.3 mi))
2058:
1329:
953:
1476:
774:"Early Cretaceous subsidence of the Naturaliste Plateau defined by a new record of volcaniclastic-rich sequence at IODP Site U1513"
1516:
483:
109:
2336:
2246:
1232:
1919:
3158:
2326:
1098:
3153:
2374:
513:
85:
is a large, relatively flat elevation that is higher than the surrounding relief with one or more relatively steep sides.
1374:
1434:
3121:
2728:
1571:
1471:
3143:
2768:
2106:
1511:
73:
Map showing the location of oceanic plateaus (in green) in the
Australia-New Zealand region of the South Pacific
3178:
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3109:
2367:
2236:
1611:
1601:
1541:
1177:
1147:
1081:
400:
140:, and Arctic ridges. Plateaus formed by large igneous provinces were formed by the equivalent of continental
3173:
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3001:
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Density differences in crustal material largely arise from different ratios of various elements, especially
3054:
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93:
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600:
117:
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125:
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2121:
1824:
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991:
884:
790:
728:
561:
549:
3044:
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2168:
2163:
1889:
1561:
1521:
1237:
1069:
537:
531:
165:
113:
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Geologists believe that igneous oceanic plateaus may well represent a stage in the development of
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814:
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1344:
1202:
959:
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408:
in the North
Atlantic is underlain by continental crust. It rifted from Greenland during the
180:
149:
137:
133:
97:
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2231:
2201:
2010:
1995:
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1212:
1142:
1137:
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999:
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519:
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31:
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1964:
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1369:
1302:
1227:
1187:
1076:
501:
489:
465:
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434:
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160:
121:
105:
124:. Other oceanic plateaus, however, are made of rifted continental crust, for example the
1423:
1038:
995:
888:
794:
732:
3085:
2949:
2901:
2856:
2818:
2773:
2673:
2613:
2563:
2495:
2416:
2178:
2173:
2078:
2073:
1909:
1849:
1844:
1576:
1466:
1287:
1222:
1197:
945:
471:
446:
206:
129:
108:— such as Iceland, Hawaii, Cape Verde, and Kerguelen. The three largest plateaus, the
27:
Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
3137:
3064:
2896:
2886:
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2871:
2861:
2846:
2763:
2733:
2703:
2688:
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2406:
2348:
2196:
2116:
2005:
1924:
1899:
1834:
1764:
1671:
1566:
1443:
1364:
1324:
1297:
1207:
1157:
1054:
979:
872:
839:"Tertiary development of the Faeroe-Rockall Plateau based on reflection seismic data"
838:
818:
590:
582:
184:
3080:
2954:
2836:
2758:
2753:
2738:
2618:
2608:
2535:
2530:
2505:
2431:
2343:
2303:
2251:
2191:
2142:
2020:
2015:
1990:
1974:
1949:
1666:
1556:
1496:
1282:
1192:
1167:
576:
543:
477:
145:
141:
101:
17:
896:
740:
3039:
3034:
2964:
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2934:
2803:
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2793:
2743:
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2633:
2598:
2540:
2510:
2500:
2485:
2293:
2025:
1954:
1819:
1759:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1596:
1531:
1491:
1481:
1456:
1339:
1312:
1292:
1252:
1217:
2919:
2876:
2111:
1959:
1934:
1829:
1809:
1736:
1721:
1706:
1696:
1661:
1581:
1401:
1396:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1247:
605:
595:
572:
210:
963:
855:
802:
758:
54:
41:
2891:
2183:
2045:
2030:
1944:
1789:
1628:
1623:
1406:
1334:
1262:
1182:
1172:
1129:
940:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam; San Diego, CA, USA: Elsevier. pp. 631–667.
194:. Continental crust has the highest amount of silicon (such rock is called
918:(Report) (4.1.0 ed.). Monaco: International Hydrographic Organization
2278:
2000:
1859:
1751:
1741:
1686:
1162:
1046:
1019:
1090:
1020:"Agulhas Plateau, SW Indian Ocean: New Evidence for Excessive Volcanism"
2147:
2137:
1307:
1277:
810:
749:
191:
168:
1003:
1854:
1267:
656:, Anomalous Crust: Oceanic Plateaus, Hotspots, and Rifts, pp. 754–755
195:
871:
Harris, P. T.; Macmillan-Lawler, M.; Rupp, J.; Baker, E. K. (2014).
704:
1018:
Uenzelmann-Neben, G.; Gohl, K.; Ehrhardt, A.; Seargent, M. (1999).
933:
2359:
2216:
2035:
1814:
1769:
399:
199:
156:
68:
1648:
772:
Lee, E.Y.; Wolfgring, Erik; Tejada, M.L.G.; et al. (2020).
2363:
1094:
677:
641:
1070:
Gsa.confex.com: "Oceanic
Plateaus: Nuclei for Archean Cratons"
187:
while still being denser than normal continental crust.
221:
3025:
2910:
2827:
2554:
2466:
2397:
2156:
2130:
2092:
2044:
1983:
1878:
1750:
1647:
1442:
1128:
1082:Tristan.ferroir.free.fr: "On the oceanic plateaux"
653:
198:). Oceanic crust has a smaller amount of silicon (
2064:North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System
978:Mooney, W. D.; Laske, G.; Masters, T. G. (1998).
692:
2054:Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
2375:
1106:
936:. In Holland, H. D.; Turekian, K. K. (eds.).
913:Standardization of Undersea Feature Names B-6
843:Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark
8:
984:Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
980:"CRUST 5.1: A global crustal model at 5°×5°"
3092:
2382:
2368:
2360:
1113:
1099:
1091:
644:, Plateaus (Supplementary Table 20), p. 16
854:
837:Boldreel, L. O.; Andersen, M. S. (1994).
748:
688:
686:
223:Global distribution of oceanic plateaus
622:
1385:one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations
183:as they are generally less dense than
7:
3116:
2332:
665:
629:
2212:National Oceanographic Data Center
1639:World Ocean Circulation Experiment
1527:Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
946:10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00320-X
25:
2059:Global Sea Level Observing System
3115:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3079:
2457:
2342:
2331:
2322:
2321:
1517:Geochemical Ocean Sections Study
1433:
1422:
654:Mooney, Laske & Masters 1998
575:
2247:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1970:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
3007:South American–Antarctic Ridge
175:Role in crust–mantle recycling
1:
3149:Coastal and oceanic landforms
873:"Geomorphology of the oceans"
410:opening of the North Atlantic
92:Oceanic plateaus produced by
1507:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
1477:Craik–Leibovich vortex force
1233:Luke's variational principle
1027:Geophysical Research Letters
897:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.01.011
741:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.09.009
705:Uenzelmann-Neben et al. 1999
693:Boldreel & Andersen 1994
417:Continental oceanic plateaus
3169:Oceanographical terminology
484:Caribbean-Colombian Plateau
3195:
2960:Galápagos Spreading Center
1572:Ocean dynamical thermostat
1420:
96:are often associated with
29:
3073:
2455:
2317:
2107:Ocean acoustic tomography
1920:Mohorovičić discontinuity
1512:General circulation model
1148:Benjamin–Feir instability
2237:Ocean surface topography
1612:Thermohaline circulation
1602:Subsurface ocean current
1542:Hydrothermal circulation
1375:Wave–current interaction
1153:Boussinesq approximation
938:Treatise on Geochemistry
856:10.37570/bgsd-1995-41-15
803:10.1016/j.gr.2019.12.007
680:, Supplementary table 20
460:Igneous oceanic plateaus
218:List of oceanic plateaus
30:Not to be confused with
3002:Pacific-Antarctic Ridge
2274:Sea surface temperature
2257:Outline of oceanography
1452:Atmospheric circulation
1390:shallow water equations
1380:Waves and shallow water
1273:Significant wave height
928:(updated February 2017)
209:carrying oceanic crust
94:large igneous provinces
3055:Pacific-Farallon Ridge
3027:Ancient oceanic ridges
3017:Southwest Indian Ridge
3012:Southeast Indian Ridge
2749:Philippine Mobile Belt
2269:Sea surface microlayer
1634:Wind generated current
911:IHO (September 2013).
413:
152:in the United States.
74:
3159:Physical oceanography
2102:Deep scattering layer
2084:World Geodetic System
1592:Princeton Ocean Model
1472:Coriolis–Stokes force
1122:Physical oceanography
601:Glossary of landforms
403:
118:Mid-Pacific Mountains
72:
3154:Submarine topography
2930:Central Indian Ridge
2122:Underwater acoustics
1682:Perigean spring tide
1547:Langmuir circulation
1258:Rossby-gravity waves
1047:10.1029/1999gl900391
932:Kerr, A. C. (2013).
321:South Atlantic Ocean
287:North Atlantic Ocean
3045:Kula-Farallon Ridge
2284:Science On a Sphere
1890:Convergent boundary
1562:Modular Ocean Model
1522:Geostrophic current
1238:Mild-slope equation
1039:1999GeoRL..26.1941U
996:1998JGR...103..727M
889:2014MGeol.352....4H
795:2020GondR..82....1L
733:2014Litho.210...27H
558:(Northeast Pacific)
540:(Southwest Pacific)
538:Ontong Java Plateau
532:Naturaliste Plateau
522:(Southwest Pacific)
498:(Southwest Pacific)
338:South Pacific Ocean
304:North Pacific Ocean
224:
51: /
3086:Geology portal
3060:Pacific-Kula Ridge
3050:Mid-Labrador Ridge
2975:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
2970:Juan de Fuca Ridge
1940:Seafloor spreading
1930:Outer trench swell
1895:Divergent boundary
1795:Continental margin
1780:Carbonate platform
1677:Lunitidal interval
1075:2012-02-06 at the
678:Harris et al. 2014
642:Harris et al. 2014
556:Wrangellia Terrane
468:(Southwest Indian)
429:Challenger Plateau
414:
222:
75:
18:Underwater plateau
3131:
3130:
2945:East Pacific Rise
2357:
2356:
2349:Oceans portal
2309:World Ocean Atlas
2299:Underwater glider
2242:Ocean temperature
1905:Hydrothermal vent
1870:Submarine volcano
1805:Continental shelf
1785:Coastal geography
1775:Bathymetric chart
1657:Amphidromic point
1345:Wave nonlinearity
1203:Infragravity wave
1033:(13): 1941–1944.
1004:10.1029/97JB02122
934:"Oceanic plateau"
782:Gondwana Research
526:Mascarene Plateau
508:Kerguelen Plateau
496:Hikurangi Plateau
398:
397:
181:continental crust
150:Snake River Plain
148:in India and the
120:, are located on
83:submarine plateau
55:3.050°S 160.383°E
16:(Redirected from
3186:
3144:Oceanic plateaus
3119:
3118:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3094:
3084:
3083:
2985:Kolbeinsey Ridge
2461:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2347:
2346:
2335:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2264:Pelagic sediment
2202:Marine pollution
1996:Deep ocean water
1865:Submarine canyon
1800:Continental rise
1692:Rule of twelfths
1607:Sverdrup balance
1537:Humboldt Current
1462:Boundary current
1437:
1426:
1243:Radiation stress
1213:Iribarren number
1188:Equatorial waves
1143:Ballantine scale
1138:Airy wave theory
1115:
1108:
1101:
1092:
1087:
1058:
1024:
1014:
1012:
1010:
974:
972:
970:
927:
925:
923:
917:
907:
905:
903:
867:
865:
863:
858:
823:
822:
778:
769:
763:
762:
752:
713:
707:
702:
696:
690:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
585:
580:
579:
552:(North Atlantic)
520:Manihiki Plateau
504:(North Atlantic)
474:(North Atlantic)
455:(North Atlantic)
443:(South Atlantic)
441:Falkland Plateau
423:Campbell Plateau
225:
205:However, when a
126:Falkland Plateau
106:volcanic islands
66:
65:
63:
62:
61:
56:
52:
49:
48:
47:
44:
32:Volcanic plateau
21:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3179:Aquatic ecology
3164:Plate tectonics
3134:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3078:
3069:
3021:
2995:Reykjanes Ridge
2980:Knipovich Ridge
2925:Carlsberg Ridge
2906:
2823:
2729:North Galápagos
2550:
2462:
2453:
2422:Indo-Australian
2393:
2391:Tectonic plates
2388:
2358:
2353:
2341:
2313:
2152:
2126:
2088:
2069:Sea-level curve
2040:
1979:
1965:Transform fault
1915:Mid-ocean ridge
1881:
1874:
1840:Oceanic plateau
1746:
1732:Tidal resonance
1702:Theory of tides
1643:
1552:Longshore drift
1502:Ekman transport
1438:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1370:Wave turbulence
1303:Trochoidal wave
1228:Longshore drift
1124:
1119:
1085:
1077:Wayback Machine
1066:
1061:
1022:
1017:
1008:
1006:
990:(B1): 727–747.
977:
968:
966:
956:
931:
921:
919:
915:
910:
901:
899:
870:
861:
859:
836:
832:
827:
826:
776:
771:
770:
766:
715:
714:
710:
703:
699:
691:
684:
676:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
640:
636:
632:, pp. 2–12
628:
624:
619:
614:
581:
574:
571:
546:(North Pacific)
502:Iceland Plateau
490:Exmouth Plateau
466:Agulhas Plateau
462:
453:Rockall Plateau
449:(South Pacific)
435:Exmouth Plateau
431:(South Pacific)
425:(South Pacific)
419:
406:Rockall Plateau
247:
246:Average plateau
242:
237:
232:
220:
177:
132:, and parts of
60:-3.050; 160.383
59:
57:
53:
50:
45:
42:
40:
38:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3174:Abyssal plains
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3101:
3089:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3023:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:Explorer Ridge
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2912:Oceanic ridges
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2842:Bellingshausen
2839:
2833:
2831:
2829:Ancient plates
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:South Sandwich
2786:
2784:South Bismarck
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:North Bismarck
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Juan Fernández
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2449:South American
2446:
2441:
2439:North American
2436:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2339:
2329:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:Stratification
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
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2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2179:Color of water
2176:
2174:Benthic lander
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
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2145:
2140:
2134:
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2119:
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2098:
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2090:
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2081:
2079:Sea level rise
2076:
2074:Sea level drop
2071:
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2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
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2028:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
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1998:
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1967:
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1910:Marine geology
1907:
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1886:
1884:
1876:
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1873:
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1867:
1862:
1857:
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1850:Passive margin
1847:
1845:Oceanic trench
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1797:
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1577:Ocean dynamics
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1467:Coriolis force
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1300:
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1288:Stokes problem
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1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
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1225:
1223:Kinematic wave
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1195:
1190:
1185:
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1064:External links
1062:
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954:
929:
908:
877:Marine Geology
868:
849:(2): 162–180.
833:
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609:
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587:
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567:
566:
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562:Yermak Plateau
559:
553:
550:Vøring Plateau
547:
541:
535:
529:
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517:
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499:
493:
487:
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478:Broken Plateau
475:
472:Azores Plateau
469:
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458:
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450:
447:Lord Howe Rise
444:
438:
432:
426:
418:
415:
396:
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355:Southern Ocean
352:
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176:
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130:Lord Howe Rise
122:thermal swells
26:
24:
14:
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10:
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3:
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3191:
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3066:
3065:Phoenix Ridge
3063:
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3046:
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2797:
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2712:
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2702:
2700:
2697:
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2647:
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2605:
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2600:
2597:
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2592:
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2582:
2580:
2579:Balmoral Reef
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
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2198:
2197:Marine energy
2195:
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2190:
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2187:
2182:
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2177:
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2172:
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2167:
2165:
2164:Acidification
2162:
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2159:
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2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:SOFAR channel
2115:
2113:
2110:
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2105:
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2100:
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2014:
2012:
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1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:Oceanic crust
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:Fracture zone
1898:
1896:
1893:
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1836:
1835:Oceanic basin
1833:
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1823:
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1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
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1786:
1783:
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1778:
1776:
1773:
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1768:
1766:
1765:Abyssal plain
1763:
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1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Internal tide
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
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1598:
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1570:
1568:
1567:Ocean current
1565:
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1523:
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1483:
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1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
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1455:
1453:
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1447:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1425:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Wave shoaling
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1325:Ursell number
1323:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
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1279:
1276:
1274:
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1269:
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1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1208:Internal wave
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1158:Breaking wave
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1016:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
965:
961:
957:
955:9780080983004
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
914:
909:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
834:
829:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
775:
768:
765:
760:
756:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:
712:
709:
706:
701:
698:
695:, p. 163
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
674:
671:
668:, p. 632
667:
662:
659:
655:
650:
647:
643:
638:
635:
631:
626:
623:
616:
611:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
591:Abyssal plain
589:
588:
584:
583:Oceans portal
578:
573:
568:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
514:Magellan Rise
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
463:
459:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
420:
416:
411:
407:
402:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
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376:
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370:
366:
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360:
357:
354:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
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329:
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320:
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315:
312:
309:
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302:
298:
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289:
286:
285:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
268:
264:
261:
258:
255:
252:
251:
245:
240:
235:
230:
227:
226:
217:
215:
212:
208:
203:
201:
197:
193:
188:
186:
185:oceanic crust
182:
174:
172:
170:
167:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
142:flood basalts
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:mantle plumes
99:
95:
90:
86:
84:
80:
71:
67:
64:
33:
19:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3077:
2955:Gakkel Ridge
2867:Intermontane
2659:Juan de Fuca
2516:New Hebrides
2468:Minor plates
2399:Major plates
2304:Water column
2252:Oceanography
2227:Observations
2222:Explorations
2192:Marginal sea
2185:
2143:OSTM/Jason-2
1975:Volcanic arc
1950:Slab suction
1839:
1667:Head of tide
1557:Loop Current
1497:Ekman spiral
1283:Stokes drift
1193:Gravity wave
1168:Cnoidal wave
1030:
1026:
1007:. Retrieved
987:
983:
967:. Retrieved
937:
920:. Retrieved
900:. Retrieved
880:
876:
860:. Retrieved
846:
842:
786:
780:
767:
724:
718:
711:
700:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
544:Shatsky Rise
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
270:Indian Ocean
253:Arctic Ocean
204:
189:
178:
154:
146:Deccan Traps
144:such as the
91:
87:
82:
78:
76:
36:
3040:Alpha Ridge
3035:Aegir Ridge
2990:Mohns Ridge
2965:Gorda Ridge
2940:Cocos Ridge
2935:Chile Ridge
2779:Solomon Sea
2719:North Andes
2709:Molucca Sea
2604:Conway Reef
2589:Bird's Head
2556:Microplates
2294:Thermocline
2011:Mesopelagic
1984:Ocean zones
1955:Slab window
1820:Hydrography
1760:Abyssal fan
1727:Tidal range
1717:Tidal power
1712:Tidal force
1597:Rip current
1532:Gulf Stream
1492:Ekman layer
1482:Downwelling
1457:Baroclinity
1444:Circulation
1340:Wave height
1330:Wave action
1313:megatsunami
1293:Stokes wave
1253:Rossby wave
1218:Kelvin wave
1198:Green's law
1086:(in French)
811:2434/707329
750:10174/13522
486:(Caribbean)
373:World Ocean
161:ultra-mafic
114:Ontong Java
58: /
3138:Categories
2920:Aden Ridge
2769:Seychelles
2684:Madagascar
2569:Aegean Sea
2526:Philippine
2427:Australian
2232:Reanalysis
2131:Satellites
2112:Sofar bomb
1960:Subduction
1935:Ridge push
1830:Ocean bank
1810:Contourite
1737:Tide gauge
1722:Tidal race
1707:Tidal bore
1697:Slack tide
1662:Earth tide
1582:Ocean gyre
1402:Wind setup
1397:Wind fetch
1360:Wave setup
1355:Wave radar
1350:Wave power
1248:Rogue wave
1178:Dispersion
612:References
606:Ocean bank
596:Bathymetry
378:18,486,610
248:area (km)
138:Seychelles
2809:Trobriand
2714:Niuafo’ou
2669:Kerguelen
2644:Halmahera
2639:Greenland
2624:Galápagos
2594:Capricorn
2584:Banda Sea
2574:Anatolian
2491:Caribbean
2412:Antarctic
2094:Acoustics
2046:Sea level
1945:Slab pull
1882:tectonics
1790:Cold seep
1752:Landforms
1629:Whirlpool
1624:Upwelling
1407:Wind wave
1335:Wave base
1263:Sea state
1183:Edge wave
1173:Cross sea
1055:129742780
964:864682251
819:213041290
759:0024-4937
666:Kerr 2013
516:(Pacific)
341:7,054,800
324:1,220,230
307:1,856,790
290:1,628,360
273:5,036,870
256:1,193,740
241:Number of
134:Kerguelen
110:Caribbean
3110:Category
2902:Kshiroda
2887:Malvinas
2857:Farallon
2852:Cimmeria
2819:Woodlark
2814:Victoria
2774:Shetland
2674:Kermadec
2614:Explorer
2564:Adriatic
2496:Caroline
2417:Eurasian
2327:Category
2279:Seawater
2006:Littoral
2001:Deep sea
1860:Seamount
1742:Tideline
1687:Rip tide
1617:shutdown
1587:Overflow
1320:Undertow
1163:Clapotis
1073:Archived
1009:30 April
969:30 April
922:30 April
902:30 April
883:: 4–24.
789:: 1–11.
630:IHO 2013
569:See also
564:(Arctic)
534:(Indian)
528:(Indian)
510:(Indian)
492:(Indian)
480:(Indian)
437:(Indian)
350:141,100
333:135,580
282:136,130
243:plateaus
238:area (%)
211:subducts
169:terranes
166:accreted
98:hotspots
46:160°23′E
3122:Commons
2897:Phoenix
2872:Izanagi
2862:Insular
2847:Charcot
2764:Sangihe
2734:Okinawa
2704:Mariana
2689:Malpelo
2679:Lwandle
2654:Iranian
2649:Iberian
2546:Yangtze
2521:Okhotsk
2481:Arabian
2476:Amurian
2444:Pacific
2407:African
2337:Commons
2207:Mooring
2157:Related
2148:Jason-3
2138:Jason-1
2021:Pelagic
2016:Oceanic
1991:Benthic
1308:Tsunami
1278:Soliton
1035:Bibcode
992:Bibcode
885:Bibcode
830:Sources
791:Bibcode
729:Bibcode
393:100,470
367:41,320
358:495,830
316:56,270
299:45,230
265:99,480
236:Plateau
192:silicon
79:oceanic
2837:Baltic
2759:Rovuma
2754:Rivera
2739:Panama
2629:Gonâve
2619:Futuna
2609:Easter
2536:Somali
2531:Scotia
2506:Indian
2432:Indian
2026:Photic
1855:Seabed
1268:Seiche
1053:
962:
952:
817:
757:
727:: 27.
720:Lithos
196:felsic
116:, and
104:, and
43:3°03′S
2882:Lhasa
2804:Tonga
2799:Tisza
2794:Timor
2744:Pelso
2699:Maoke
2694:Manus
2634:Gorda
2599:Coiba
2541:Sunda
2511:Nazca
2501:Cocos
2486:Burma
2217:Ocean
2186:Alvin
2036:Swash
1880:Plate
1825:Knoll
1815:Guyot
1770:Atoll
1649:Tides
1412:model
1298:Swell
1130:Waves
1051:S2CID
1023:(PDF)
916:(PDF)
862:1 May
815:S2CID
777:(PDF)
617:Notes
228:Ocean
207:plate
200:mafic
157:mafic
3098:List
2877:Kula
2184:DSV
2169:Argo
2031:Surf
1487:Eddy
1011:2017
971:2017
960:OCLC
950:ISBN
924:2017
904:2017
864:2017
755:ISSN
404:The
383:5.11
361:2.44
344:8.09
327:3.02
310:2.26
293:3.64
276:7.06
259:9.19
233:(km)
231:Area
2892:Moa
1043:doi
1000:doi
988:103
942:doi
893:doi
881:352
851:doi
807:hdl
799:doi
745:hdl
737:doi
725:210
388:184
159:or
81:or
77:An
3140::
1049:.
1041:.
1031:26
1029:.
1025:.
998:.
986:.
982:.
958:.
948:.
891:.
879:.
875:.
847:41
845:.
841:.
813:.
805:.
797:.
787:82
785:.
779:.
753:.
743:.
735:.
723:.
685:^
364:12
347:50
313:33
296:36
279:37
262:12
136:,
128:,
112:,
100:,
2383:e
2376:t
2369:v
1114:e
1107:t
1100:v
1084:—
1057:.
1045::
1037::
1013:.
1002::
994::
973:.
944::
926:.
906:.
895::
887::
866:.
853::
821:.
809::
801::
793::
761:.
747::
739::
731::
412:.
330:9
34:.
20:)
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