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The ferry's decline came about in the early 20th century with the opening of fixed crossings spanning the East River. The
Catherine and Wall Street ferries were the first to go, in 1912. The Fulton, Atlantic Avenue, and Hamilton Avenue ferries were turned into city ferries in 1922. The Fulton Ferry
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on April 9, 1853, and on
November 10, 1854 it was formed to replace the Brooklyn Union. It consolidated with the operating companies of four other ferries: the
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was defunct by 1924, but the
Atlantic Avenue ferry lasted until 1933 and the Hamilton Avenue ferry ceased operation in 1942.
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Over and Back: The
History of Ferryboats in New York Harbor
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46:New York and Brooklyn Union Ferry Company
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75:from the Roosevelt Ferry Company, the
48:was organized in 1839, and leased the
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195:Ferry companies of New York City
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65:Union Ferry Company of Brooklyn
18:Union Ferry Company of Brooklyn
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123:. 18 July 1870. p. 2.
69:New York State Legislature
139:Cudahy, Brian J. (1990).
20:, commonly known as the
77:Gouverneur Street Ferry
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73:Roosevelt Street Ferry
67:was authorized by the
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113:"Brooklyn Ferries".
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