Union State - Knowledge (XXG)

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ensure cohesive training, practice and implementation of military interests for the nations, and were aimed at strategic and battle training taking place in February and March 2009. Furthermore, the military doctrine of the Russian Federation provides that "an armed attack on the state-participant in the Union State, as well as all other actions involving the use of military force against it," should be deemed "an act of aggression against the Union State", authorizing Moscow to "take measures in response".

689: 1064:(VAT), meant to finance the Union State, in the country of origin, but from 1 January 2005, VAT is collected in the country of destination, as in most other independent countries of the world. This change gave rise to a considerable degree of confusion and has disrupted many trade operations between Belarus and Russia. On 10 February 2005, private entrepreneurs in Belarus staged a one-day warning strike, protesting the new VAT scheme between the two countries and Lukashenko's economic policies. 1225: 1088: 971:

Belarusian citizens to travel freely in Russia and have the right to settle there to work or study, and vice versa including possession, use and disposal of property on the territory of another state. The Union State does provide citizens of Russia and Belarus the right to work and permanently settle in either country without formal immigration procedures otherwise mandatory for foreign nationals. They retain their national passports and other identification papers.

1555:... (then) it is very simple: join in the Union State of Belarus and Russia. That's all: there will be nuclear weapons for everyone." This was just a few days after he had confirmed that the movement of some of Russia's tactical nuclear weapons to Belarus had begun and the Russian Defence Minister had said he was signing documents concerning the procedure for storing tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus, the plan for which had first been announced by Putin in March. 989: 1289: 1114: 1100: 457: 4765: 1185: 1162: 292: 6402: 1247: 1199: 1136: 236: 1339: 1241:, which analysts say indicates a possibility that Transnistria might unilaterally ask to join the Union, once it is established. Already in spring 1998, 66.5% of Transnistrian voters supported joining the Union of Russia and Belarus in a non-binding referendum by the Transnistrian state. However, not being recognised by either member, this is unlikely to happen in the near future. 334: 313: 6426: 249: 529: 500: 873:

Union State Parliament, the functions of the Union State Parliament are performed by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union of Belarus and Russia in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 70 of the Treaty on the Establishment of the Union State of 8 December 1999. Regular sessions of the Parliamentary Assembly House of the Union are held twice a year and for

1543:, a contingent of approximately 9,000 Russian soldiers arrived in Belarus. According to the Belarusian ministry of defence the purpose of this deployment was to create a "regional military grouping" of the Union State. In the same month it was announced that Russian air forces were patrolling the borders of the Union state in Belarus. 4650: 655:

The Union State is based on a previous international treaty between Russia and Belarus made on 2 April 1997. Although it consists of only Russia and Belarus, other countries are allowed to join. The supranational union is ruled through the Supreme State Council and other governing bodies. As of 2024,

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said during a speech that he wished that Serbia would strengthen its ties with and eventually join the Union State rather than joining the European Union, but he resigned from his position less than a week later. Although Nikolić did eventually serve as President of Serbia from 2012–2017, Serbia had

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On 10 February 2009, Russia and Belarus implemented the first stage of joint military officer training programs designed to integrate the military structures of the countries. This military collective is called the Regional Forces Group of Belarus and Russia (RGF). The goal of these operations is to

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Union State grants citizenship to citizens in both states meaning that every citizen of the Russian Federation and every citizen of the Republic of Belarus is at the same time a citizen of the Union with the guaranteed right to move and reside freely within the territory of the other party, allowing

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Accounting Chamber, is tasked with controlling the implementation of the Union State budget. It consists of 11 members appointed for a period of 6 years from among the citizens of the member states who have experience in control and audit who are appointed by the Parliament of the Union State on the

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initiated the creation of the Union to harmonize the political and economic differences between the two countries. According to some observers, Lukashenko's intention was also to gain great power, becoming president of a future Russia-Belarus federation after Yeltsin's demise due to his all-time low

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in Moscow, telling reporters that they "coordinated measures to protect our economic security and the technological sovereignty of Russia and Belarus" and "consider it necessary to strengthen integration in the union state". On 18 March, the Russian government announced that all restrictions on the

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promised to introduce a common currency on 1 January 2004. The currency was not introduced, and the plan was pushed back by one year. On 1 January 2005, the Union State again failed to introduce a common currency, and it was again postponed by one year, which, in 2006, happened once again. During a

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Besides exclusive jurisdictions of the Union State there are joint jurisdiction of the Union State and the subjects of the Union State that includes joint defence policy, harmonization and unification of the legislation of the subjects of the Union State, development of science, education, culture,

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should contain of 75 deputies from Russia and 28 from Belarus, elected by the general populace of each. According to treaty, currently only House of the Union is formed and it consists of 72 deputies – 36 from Russia and 36 from Belarus. Before the elections for the House of Representatives of the

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Union state is ruled through Supreme State Council of the Union. The Supreme State Council of the Union includes the member heads of states, respective governments, and both chambers of parliaments. Decisions on Supreme Council are made by principle of one state – one vote and presidents of states

1457:, an instrument which could strengthen the authority of the Union. According to State Secretary Borodin, five variants of this Act were discussed at the meeting, each of which would involve a 7 to 10 year transitional period in the Union's development. Trade and energy issues were also discussed. 2700:"The agreement between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation on providing the equal rights of citizens of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation on freedom of travel, the choice of the place of stay and residence in the territories of the State Parties of the Union State" 844:

The Council of Ministers is composed of the member states' Prime Ministers, Ministers of Foreign Affairs, Economy, and Finance and the State Secretary of the Union. Permanent Committee of the Union State is formed as permanent working body of Council of Ministers. Current president of Council of

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Lukashenko was pleased with the idea for other reasons: he planned to use the arrangement to ultimately replace the unpopular Yeltsin. The creation of the Union State could lead to common citizenship, which would allow Lukashenko to run for the top office in case of Yeltsin's departure. Another

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was held in Minsk 13–14 December 2007. This meeting received a considerable amount of media attention and raised speculation that a Union State might indeed be the focus of a new initiative by both governments. Of primary interest was renewed discussion of the Union Parliament (which, although

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The Union State based on its founding treaties has exclusive jurisdiction over the creation of a single economic space and legal foundations for a common market, monetary union, single tax and pricing policy, unified development and procurement of defence equipment, unified system of technical

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That same year, the Tiraspol Supreme Soviet chairman declared that the Transnistrian republic will demand that Moldova accepts full integration into the CIS and that it joins the Russian Federation–Belarus union, viewed as a possible future model for the MTR's status vis-a-vis the Republic of

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of Belarus stated: "The Russian leadership is demanding that we join the Russian Federation—that's what is in the heads of the Russian leadership. I don't want to bury the sovereignty and independence of ." He added: "From all the consultations and discussions, I have understood that we have

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On 27 May 2008, President Lukashenko, acting in his capacity as Chairman of the Supreme State Council named then Russian Prime Minister and current President Putin Chairman of the Council of Ministers. This move raised speculation that the Union was about to undergo a significant political

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give that vote. Supreme Council includes the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Union that have an advisory vote. The President of the Supreme State Council is the head of one of the participating States on a rotation basis, unless the participating States agree otherwise.

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transformation. However, the most visible and arguably important official in the Union has been the State Secretary, who runs the Union State's day-to-day operations. In the same meeting, State Secretary Borodin announced that the 2009 Union State budget would total 6–7 billion

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had expressed interest in forming a separate customs union with Russia and Belarus by 2010. This Customs Union was formed as planned at the beginning of 2010. Kazakhstan has mentioned that it may join the Union State after some time. In late May 2023, however, President

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was the first State Secretary of the Union. He was first appointed by the Supreme State Council on 26 January 2000 for a four-year term. In 2004 and 2008 his term was renewed for an additional four years, leaving office in 2011. Since then the office has been held by

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announced that the budget of the Union State "will grow by no less than ten percent next year, and that growth will provide for worthy funding of our common projects." This has led to speculation that the Russian government have renewed their interest in the idea.

1902: 4640: 105: 1527:. On 3 March, Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko said he stood fully behind Russian president Vladimir Putin's campaign in Ukraine as part of Belarus's longstanding commitment to the union state with Russia. On 14 March, Russian Prime Minister 840:

Supreme State Council makes decisions on issues regarding the security of the member states of the Union including their collective protection from outside threats, the protection of the Union's borders, military development, and many other issues.

1373: 1275:, the Constitution of Ukraine in 2019 was amended to consolidate the irreversibility of Ukraine's course to join the European Union and NATO after the events of the Revolution of Dignity in 2014. In 2021, the sixth president of Ukraine, 744:. Putin's election and the Freedom March forced Lukashenko to cancel his plans and maintain a balance between the independence of Belarus and Putin's increasing pressure for further integration of the two countries into the Union State. 821:

Outside the limits of the exclusive jurisdiction of the Union State and subjects of joint jurisdiction of the Union State and the subjects of the Union State, the subjects of the Union State retain the full completeness of state power.

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Deeper economic integration is proposed in 2021 within current talks of member states. In November 2021, Russia and Belarus signed an agreement to provide for common policies on taxation, banking, industry, agriculture, and energy.

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at least two third is needed to be present. House of the Union Parliament has president and four vice presidents and 8 permanent committees for different areas of legislature. Current president of Parliamentary Assembly of Union is

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movement of citizens between Russia and Belarus would be lifted. On 1 July 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the "unification" process has been accelerated to alleviate the economic damage of the sanctions.

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Since the formation of the Union State in 1997, Belarus and Russia have thus far failed to institute any symbols or even a flag for the Union State. There have, however been several proposals for flags and coats of arms.

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On 12 December 2020, the 59th joint session of the House of the Union parliament was held to consider the Union State budget for 2021. in 4715,15 millions of roubles or approximately 61.631.112 US dollars

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In an interview aired by Russia's state television in late May 2023, Lukashenko stated that other countries who were willing to join the Union State would be given nuclear weapons: "If someone is worried

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support for the armed forces. Common command of regional military is further realized through many other documents based on this Union State jurisdiction, common border policy and other jurisdictions.

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Moldova. A non-binding referendum on joining the Russia–Belarus union was held between April and June 1998, with over 66 percent of the ballots supporting the union. However, like the province of

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passed the Decision on the accession of the FRY to the Union state of Russia and Belarus. The legal successor of that decision is the Republic of Serbia. In 2007, Speaker of Parliament

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formation of a common scientific, technological and information space, migration, working conditions and labor protection, social security, combating terrorism, corruption and others.

4563: 660:, who has held the position since 2000. The present goal of the Union State mainly focuses on economic integration, taxation, and integration of defence and intelligence apparatus. 1389: 3081:

on the Baltic Sea (isolated from Russia by independent Lithuania and Poland), the east-bank separatist region, has no common borders with either Belarus or the Russian Federation.

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The official languages of the Union State are the state languages of the participating states. Russian is used as a working language in the common organs of the Union State.

704:. The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997 with the signing of the "Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia", at which time its name was changed to the 2669: 648:, with the stated aim of deepening the relationship between the two states through integration in economic and defence policy. Originally, the Union State aimed to create a 2352: 2215: 2187: 1279:, stated that the creation of a "true union state" between Belarus and Russia is a real danger for Ukraine. Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022 in an escalation of the 5328: 3224: 1676: 3628: 3464: 1668: 777:

had put forward a similar proposal in 1994, envisioning the founding of a Eurasian union, but this proposal was not adopted until 29 May 2014 with the formation of the

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and comprises 5 member states: Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Tajikistan has also expressed an interest in joining. However, the EAEU is only an

1193:: As of June 2007, opposition in Kyrgyzstan, which has been locked in political turmoil, had initiated a nationwide referendum to join the union of Russia and Belarus. 2268: 3139: 714:

Nevertheless, the nature of the political entity remained vague. Under pressure from his political opponents, who argued for a reunion of the two states, and from

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Asadova, Nargiz. "An interview with Prime Minister of Kazakhstan Karim Masimov". Originally printed in Kommersant, 4 June 2007, p. 2. Translated by Ferghana.Ru

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until it was restored in 2010. Plans had also been set in motion to implement a common currency across the Union, but these have been postponed several times.

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Court of Union should consist of nine judges appointed for six-year terms. But while provisions for court are given in adopted treaty court was not formed.

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Shortly after its inauguration, both member states seemed to have lost their enthusiasm for the Union, with first Russia, and then Belarus, restoring

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reason for him to move closer to Russia was that Belarus' highly industrialized economy relied heavily on Russian raw materials, mostly gas and oil.

1407: 1130:, called for a unified North and South Ossetia to be an equal partner to Russia in the Union State, as opposed to Ossetia being a subject of Russia. 943: 1988: 5630: 5535: 5450: 4977: 4745: 4599: 4222: 3983: 3819: 3598: 3522: 1575: 3572: 711:

Several further agreements were signed on 25 December 1998, with the intention of providing greater political, economic and social integration.

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Russian postage stamp commemorating the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus establishing the Union on 2 April 1996

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proposal of the Council of Ministers. The Accounting Chamber establishes its own regulations, which are approved by the Council of Ministers.

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expressed the hope that southeastern Ukraine would form a "Ukrainian Federation" and join the Union State. However, only the self-proclaimed

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different approaches and understandings of the building of a union state", and opposed "the possibility of the incorporation into Russia ".

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On 1 August 2011, Putin stated he supported a union of Russia, Belarus, and possibly South Ossetia. Belarusian Foreign Minister spokesman

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On 15 December 2006, talks over the Union State were heating up. By January 2007, however, talks appeared to be stalled, as President

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announced right after his election that he had plans for Moldova to join the Union of Russia and Belarus. The coming to power of the

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have been the subject of a territorial dispute with Japan since their occupation by the Soviet Union at the end of World War II.

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movement seeking for the integration into the European Union. During the term of office of the fifth President of Ukraine

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Lukashenko signed on in the apparent hope that he could one day replace Yeltsin and rule over both Belarus and Russia.

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The Union State (yellow), states that have expressed interest in joining the Union (green), and other members of the

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showing the relationships among various supranational organisations in the territory of the former Soviet Union

1149: 1001: 939: 1384: 1383: 942:, announced that a "common currency might be introduced in 2007". This, however, failed to occur in 2007. The 147: 2448: 1382: 1378: 6486: 6317: 6292: 6128: 5977: 5937: 5640: 5585: 5470: 5338: 4849: 4715: 4124: 3990: 3948: 3921: 3772: 3714: 2900:"Արտաշես Գեղամյան. Հայաստանն անվտանգության մեջ կլինի միայն Ռուսաստանի և Բելառուսի միութենական պետությունում" 2721: 2643: 1752: 1700: 1600: 1488: 917:

On 16 November 2010, it was announced by the Union State website that the Constitutional Act was 99% ready.

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Two proposals have been made for the flag of the Union. In all cases, they are modifications to the

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to the EU in 2009 and had received full candidate status in March 2012, prior to his term.

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creates legal framework as constitutional act and establishes the following institutions

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This article is about the post-Soviet organization. For the 19th-century rump state, see

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as a part of Ukraine. Donetsk, Luhansk, Kherson, and Zaporizhzhia oblasts, which were

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are placed in the canton of the red flag (to represent the two states of the Union).

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on 26 January 2000. On the latter date the Treaty and the Union came into effect.

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at the 2009 Moldovan elections has since shifted Moldovan interest towards the

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and they do not relish the idea of becoming part of the Russian Federation."

162: 149: 5017: 3209: 2934:[We will expel the Syrians from Armenia: Hayk Babukhanyan (Video)]. 1636: 2953:"Customs Union of Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan to be up and running by 2010" 2932:"Մենք սորոսականներին Հայաստանից վռնդելու ենք. Հայկ Բաբուխանյան (Տեսանյութ)" 2931: 2829: 2629: 2363:

on 23 September 2015 – via Central and Eastern Europe Online Library.

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on 23 September 2015 – via Central and Eastern Europe Online Library.

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on 23 September 2015 – via Central and Eastern Europe Online Library.

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GOST (Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification)

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was founded on 2 April 1996, following 1995 agreements that established a

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Former "participant" that renounced 1991 agreements and 1993 Charter (1)

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Since 2015, focus on developing relations between former members of the

5377: 4932: 4516: 4511: 4460: 4445: 4435: 4390: 4375: 4365: 3737: 3599:"Belarus's Lukashenko says there can be 'nuclear weapons for everyone'" 3479:"Russia, Belarus ready to boost union state cooperation amid sanctions" 3341:

President meets with State Secretary of the Belarus–Russia Union State

3280: 2135:"Lukashenko says Minsk and Moscow agreed 26–27 roadmaps on integration" 1256: 1252: 1204: 1141: 910:

controls along their common border in 2001, effectively suspending the

907: 641: 291: 241: 201: 4986: 4465: 4395: 3500: 3360:"Union State budget 2009 to total RUR6–7 billion, Pavel Borodin says" 3261:. No. 25. Belgrade: Pravno informacioni sistem RS. 12 April 1999 2853: 1660: 1344: 1239:

the integration of the unrecognized state of Transnistria into Russia

874: 645: 417:• Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belarus 333: 312: 254: 132: 128: 2160: 2108: 3706: 2776: 2647: 680:

signing the founding treaty of the Russian-Belarusian Union at the

656:

the current president of the Supreme State Council of the Union is

4955: 4505:

1991 agreements parties that do not participate in the summits (2)

3757: 1882:"Dmitry Mezentsev appointed Secretary of State of the Union State" 1608:, an arrangement allowing for relatively open borders between the 1368: 1071: 987: 931: 741: 740:, a 1999 protest against unification in the Belarusian capital of 687: 667: 5495:

Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine

3629:"Russia moves ahead with deployment of tactical nukes in Belarus" 3372:"Russian PM Says Unification With Belarus Possible and Desirable" 3163:Теміргалієв оголосив про швидке створення "Української Федерації" 2729: 2593: 2575: 2557: 2134: 1989:"A Political Union Between Russia and Belarus is Creeping Closer" 1004:, but representing the state (not communism). In both cases, two 860:

Parliamentary Assembly of the Union comprises two chambers – the

4671: 652:; however, both countries currently retain their independence. 4959: 4783: 4284: 3710: 3068:"Transnistria or Moldavian Transnistrian Republic: Just facts" 2611: 1495:

established in 2010. It is modelled on the integration of the

1156:

have expressed their desire for the country to join the Union.

1108:

both currently have observer status in parliamentary sessions.

751:

was signed on 8 December 1999. The intention was to achieve a

2998:"Trend – Новости Азербайджана. Турция, Иран, Центральна Азия" 2522: 2028:"Устав Союза Беларуси и России от 23 мая 1997 – docs.cntd.ru" 1444:

A meeting between President Lukashenko of Belarus, President

749:

Treaty on the Creation of a Union State of Russia and Belarus

3070:. Trades Ministry of the Republic of Moldova. Archived from 2431:"Статус Высшего Государственного Совета Союзного госдарства" 3698: 3182:"Russian-backed 'Novorossiya' breakaway movement collapses" 1627: 3523:"Putin says Russia and Belarus moving towards unification" 3397:"Belarus rejects Putin's call for unification with Russia" 3225:"Why the Kremlin Is Shutting Down the Novorossiya Project" 2401: 1934:Совет Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации 1903:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects: October 2020" 3281:"Serbian Parliament Speaker Calls For Closer Russia Ties" 2906:. 12 May 2021. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. 2523:"Постоянный Комитет Союзного государства Россия Беларусь" 1675:—though are only partially occupied—in 2022, also remain 110:

The Union State of Russia and Belarus on the globe, with

1786: 1727: 1237:, the government said 97.2% of the population voted for 736:

to succeed him as Russian president. There was also the

3437:"Putin, Lukashenka Agree To 28 Union State 'Programs'" 3113:Опыты независимой аналитики КУДА ИДЕМ МЫ С ЯНУКОВИЧЕМ? 2752:"Union State of Russia and Belarus: a military union?" 2644:"S. Shorshorov: Draft Constitutional Act is 99% Ready" 595: 6378: 4485:

Self-proclaimed "associate member" as defined in the

1757: 1705: 3690: 3201:

Vladimir Dergachev; Dmitriy Kirillov (20 May 2015).

2854:"Программа югоосетинской политической партии "Ирон"" 2806: 2804: 1436:

However, on 19 October 2007, Russian Prime Minister

6104: 5859: 5683: 5427: 5226: 5161: 5003: 4994: 4903: 4870: 4817: 4680: 4659: 4623: 4592: 4546: 4525: 4504: 4484: 4424: 4355: 4344: 4158: 4111: 4035: 3898: 3835: 3748: 2304:"How Belarus Maneuvers between Russia and the West" 2095:"Высший Государственный Совет Союзного государства" 1975:"Проект Конституционного акта Союзного государства" 1716:[sɐˈjuznəjəɡəsʊˈdarstvərɐˈsʲiɪibʲɪlɐˈrusʲɪ] 1541:

September 2022 mobilisation of reservists in Russia

1465:, an increase of over 2 billion roubles from 2008. 578: 570: 557: 536: 521: 507: 492: 474: 464: 449: 444: 434: 429: 415: 405: 392: 383: 370: 357: 349: 324: 303: 282: 263: 226: 216: 200: 179: 138: 119: 60: 2402:"Союзное государство: 20 лет совместного развития" 1321:political project was frozen at the start of 2015. 3573:"Russian air force patrols ally Belarus' borders" 1347:: On April 12, 1999, the Federal Assembly of the 1015:holding the coats of arms of Russia and Belarus. 1011:A proposed coat of arms is a modification of the 2778:Проект герба Союза России и Белоруссии (2002 г.) 2544:"Парламентское Собрание Союза Беларуси и России" 1043: 615:Combined Belarus and Russian numbers, excluding 83: 3457:"Belarus leader stands with Russia in campaign" 2771: 2769: 1372: 1179:to join the union, referring to it as a "joke." 856:20th Anniversary of Russia Belarus Union Treaty 1619:1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship 1259:joining the Union, then-president of Ukraine, 1052:, refers to a wider union of the two nations. 440:17,332,786 km (6,692,226 sq mi) 353:Supreme State Council and Council of Ministers 4971: 4795: 4296: 3722: 2947: 2945: 2353:"Towards a Union State of Russia and Belarus" 2216:"Towards a Union State of Russia and Belarus" 2188:"Towards a Union State of Russia and Belarus" 1745: 1693: 1414: 1317:broke away from Ukraine, and the confederate 1299:2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine 1030: 729:popularity. However, after Yeltsin resigned, 284:• Chairman of the Supreme State Council 68: 8: 4711:Customs Union of the Eurasian Economic Union 2209: 2207: 2205: 1813:"Crimea: Six years after illegal annexation" 1491:(EAEU), itself a further development of the 1453:planned, was never actually realized) and a 305:• Chairman of the Council of Ministers 4600:Collective Security Treaty (1992-1999/2002) 5865: 5689: 5433: 5232: 5000: 4978: 4964: 4956: 4802: 4788: 4780: 4615:Council of Ministers of Defense of the CIS 4357:1991 agreements parties and "participants" 4352: 4303: 4289: 4281: 4117: 4041: 3904: 3841: 3729: 3715: 3707: 3229:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 3207:[Project "New Russia" is closed]. 1897: 1895: 1420: 1408: 1144:: several political parties including the 407:• Commonwealth of Belarus and Russia 57: 1864:"Постоянный Комитет Союзного государства" 1060:Belarus and Russia had been collecting a 27:Supranational union of Belarus and Russia 4312:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 3391: 3389: 3016:"Moldova ready for Russia Belarus union" 2538: 2536: 2460: 2458: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2089: 2087: 2050: 2048: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 944:National Bank of the Republic of Belarus 851: 456: 6385: 5631:Collective Security Treaty Organization 4746:Collective Security Treaty Organization 4323:Belovezh Agreement establishing the CIS 2334:"Russia and Belarus form confederation" 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1803: 1679:as a part of Ukraine. The southernmost 1653: 791:Treaty on the Creation of a Union State 619:that is not recognized internationally. 609: 506: 473: 463: 443: 433: 428: 382: 369: 178: 137: 4329:Alma-Ata Protocol establishing the CIS 3810:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 3467:from the original on 14 February 2023. 2909: 1707:Soyuznoe gosudarstvo Rossii i Belarusi 946:announced that, starting in 2008, the 5189:Judicial system of the Russian Empire 3489:from the original on 27 October 2022. 1766: 1729:Sajuznaja dziaržava Rasii i Biełarusi 1714: 1695:Союзное государство России и Беларуси 520: 491: 448: 414: 404: 391: 387: 356: 323: 302: 281: 277: 7: 6328:Unified Sports Classification System 3553:from the original on 31 October 2022 2670:"Belarus to link currency to dollar" 2267:Mankoff, Jeffrey (5 February 2020). 1448:of Russia and Union State Secretary 966:Citizenship and freedom of migration 785:Governing bodies and legal framework 702:Russian military presence in Belarus 3501:"Government meeting, 17 March 2022" 2269:"Will Belarus Be the Next Ukraine?" 1531:met with Belarusian Prime Minister 1487:is on continued development of the 1255:: In response to speculation about 1050:National Anthem of the Soviet Union 6462:Commonwealth of Independent States 5626:Commonwealth of Independent States 3511:from the original on 5 April 2023. 2728:. 11 February 2009. Archived from 1576:2007 Russia–Belarus energy dispute 1566:Commonwealth of Independent States 25: 6482:Organizations established in 1999 4023:Union State of Russia and Belarus 3669:from the original on 4 April 2023 3639:from the original on 28 June 2023 3374:. Voice of America. 1 August 2011 2789:from the original on 6 April 2023 2758:. 14 January 2012. Archived from 2722:"Link to joint military training" 2710:from the original on 11 May 2022. 1721:Саюзная дзяржава Расіі і Беларусі 1213:Alliance for European Integration 632:, officially also referred to as 630:Union State of Russia and Belarus 51:Union State Bank (disambiguation) 18:Union State of Russia and Belarus 6424: 6412: 6400: 6388: 4764: 4763: 3609:from the original on 31 May 2023 2676:. 15 August 2007. Archived from 2357:Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 2220:Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 2192:Lithuanian Foreign Policy Review 1837:Chapple, Amos (4 January 2019). 1768:[sɐˈjuznəjəɡəsʊˈdarstvə] 1517:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 1511:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 1337: 1325: 1287: 1245: 1235:Transnistrian referendum of 2006 1223: 1207:: In 2001, president of Moldova 1197: 1183: 1160: 1134: 1112: 1098: 1086: 992:Proposed flag of the Union State 528: 527: 499: 498: 455: 332: 311: 290: 247: 234: 104: 36:Union territory (disambiguation) 34:. For subnational division, see 4751:Collective Rapid Reaction Force 4736:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 4559:Unified Team at the Paralympics 3442:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3399:. Deutsche Welle. 4 August 2011 3285:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2978:Balachuk, Iryna (29 May 2023). 1843:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 1811:Pifer, Steven (17 March 2020). 1633:Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement 1539:In October 2022, following the 1175:declined an offer by President 698:Community of Belarus and Russia 396:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 3805:Belarusian Democratic Republic 3788:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 3358:Belarusian Telegraphy Agency, 1635:, a similar agreement between 1455:Union State Constitutional Act 1: 6452:1999 establishments in Europe 5536:Political abuse of psychiatry 4811:Eurasian economic integration 4667:Interstate Aviation Committee 4579:CIS national rugby union team 3984:Presidential Security Service 3820:Annexation of Western Belarus 3298:"Belarus local elections end" 3138:. 31 May 2021. Archived from 2074:"Органы Союзного государства" 6181:Traditions and superstitions 4845:Eurasian Patent Organization 4830:Eurasian Economic Commission 4701:Eurasian Patent Organization 4610:Joint CIS Air Defense System 4574:CIS national ice hockey team 4554:Unified Team at the Olympics 3969:Ministry of Internal Affairs 2359:(15–16): 151. Archived from 2222:(15–16): 150. Archived from 2194:(15–16): 149. Archived from 1626:, a similar zone within the 1267:and the developments of the 765:National Assembly of Belarus 763:on 22 December 1999 and the 617:annexed Crimea in March 2014 112:Russian-occupied territories 5847:Water supply and sanitation 4835:Eurasian Economic Community 4691:Eurasian Economic Community 4651:2023 Free Trade in Services 3932:Central Election Commission 1908:International Monetary Fund 1787: 1758: 1728: 1706: 1146:Constitutional Rights Union 1056:Value-added tax controversy 1044: 1031: 706:Union of Belarus and Russia 6503: 4840:Eurasian Patent Convention 4696:Eurasian Patent Convention 4605:United Armed Forces (1992) 4569:CIS national football team 3204:Проект «Новороссия» закрыт 2308:Institute of Modern Russia 1677:internationally recognised 1669:internationally recognised 1472:rejected the idea, as did 1020:Sovereign Union of Nations 44: 32:Union (American Civil War) 29: 6347: 5868: 5692: 5436: 5235: 4825:Eurasian Development Bank 4759: 4681:Outside the CIS framework 4429:parties and "members" (9) 4318: 4235: 4120: 4044: 3907: 3844: 3699:Portal of the Union State 3691:Portal of the Union State 2916:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1776: 1746: 1720: 1694: 1315:Luhansk People's Republic 1311:Donetsk People's Republic 1045:Dzyarzhauny sayuz narodau 1040: 1027: 607: 588: 425: 388: 345: 326:• General Secretary 278: 103: 84: 69: 6457:Belarus–Russia relations 5621:Prime Minister of Russia 4895:Belt and Road Initiative 4883:New Eurasian Land Bridge 3964:State Security Committee 3912:Administrative divisions 3783:Grand Duchy of Lithuania 3694:(in English and Russian) 3203: 3162: 3112: 2859:State Information Agency 2830: 2777: 2238:"Boris Yeltsin's Legacy" 1596:Belarus–Russia relations 1301:, Deputy Prime Minister 1002:flag of the Soviet Union 940:National Bank of Belarus 870:House of Representatives 866:House of Representatives 470:8.9/km (23.1/sq mi) 45:Not to be confused with 6059:Social entrepreneurship 5948:Forced public apologies 5883:Anti-American sentiment 4850:Eurasian Economic Union 4716:Eurasian Economic Union 4564:CIS national bandy team 4089:International sanctions 3773:Principality of Polotsk 3303:17 January 2007 at the 2351:Žulys, Audrius (2005). 2214:Žulys, Audrius (2005). 2186:Žulys, Audrius (2005). 1601:Eurasian Economic Union 1547:2023 nuclear deterrence 1489:Eurasian Economic Union 1305:of the Russian-annexed 1032:Derzhavny soyuz narodov 779:Eurasian Economic Union 610: 180:Official languages 5807:Social security system 5790:Science and technology 5456:Classified information 5282:Central Russian Upland 4889:EU–Russia Common Space 4860:Eurasian Customs Union 4425:Additionally the 1993 4168:Awards and decorations 2831:Державный Союз Народов 1624:European Single Market 1493:Eurasian Customs Union 1425: 1358:membership application 1081: 1068:Contemplated expansion 1041:Дзяржаўны саюз народаў 1028:Державный союз народов 993: 857: 693: 685: 684:, Moscow, 2 April 1997 40:Union (disambiguation) 6268:Russian tsars regalia 5601:Intelligence agencies 5324:Great Russian Regions 5068:Expansion (1500-1800) 4631:Common Economic Space 3778:Principality of Turov 3074:on 20 December 2008. 2812:"флаги союза РФ и РБ" 2056:"Союзное Государство" 1930:"СОЮЗНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО" 1817:Brookings Institution 1759:Soyuznoye gosudarstvo 1400: 1283:that continues today. 1265:Revolution of Dignity 1173:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev 1126:, founded and led by 1075: 991: 925:Belarusian President 855: 797:Supreme State Council 691: 671: 366:Supreme State Council 127:, Entrance 3, 103132 6335:World Heritage sites 5712:Droughts and famines 5265:Environmental issues 5013:Proto-Indo-Europeans 4938:Common European Home 4878:Eurasian Land Bridge 4223:World Heritage Sites 3346:12 June 2008 at the 2598:Государственная Дума 2580:Государственная Дума 2562:Государственная Дума 1991:. 23 September 2020. 1430:Alexander Lukashenko 1177:Alexander Lukashenko 1154:Towards Russia Party 956:United States dollar 934:on 2 February 2006, 930:press-conference in 927:Alexander Lukashenko 800:Council of Ministers 775:Nursultan Nazarbayev 719:Alexander Lukashenko 716:Belarusian President 682:Grand Kremlin Palace 674:Alexander Lukashenko 664:History of formation 658:Alexander Lukashenko 451:• 2023 estimate 379:Council of Ministers 297:Alexander Lukashenko 6186:Forms of addressing 5795:Academy of Sciences 5752:Financial districts 5616:President of Russia 5541:Political divisions 5501:Freedom of assembly 5383:West Siberian Plain 5129:Great Patriotic War 5090:February Revolution 3827:Republic of Belarus 3549:. 14 October 2022. 3330:on 14 January 2009. 3235:on 22 December 2015 3142:on 24 February 2022 2938:. 31 December 2020. 2756:Window on Heartland 2726:Union State Website 2706:. 24 January 2006. 2704:cis-legislation.com 2600:. 21 December 2020. 2582:. 21 December 2020. 2564:. 21 November 2019. 2242:personal.utulsa.edu 1788:Sajuznaja dziaržava 1747:Союзное государство 1281:Russo-Ukrainian War 1277:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 1122:: Opposition party 1013:double-headed eagle 734:was elected in 2000 638:supranational union 268:Supranational union 221:Supranational union 159: / 70:Союзное государство 6472:Proposed countries 6236:Russian given name 5822:Telecommunications 5772:Petroleum industry 5636:State of emergency 5481:Far-right politics 5446:Capital punishment 5292:Meshchera Lowlands 5146:Russian Federation 5102:October Revolution 4945:Post-Soviet states 4916:All-Russian nation 4641:1994 FTA Agreement 4584:CIS Cup (football) 4074:Telecommunications 3869:Biosphere Reserves 3815:Western Belorussia 3445:. 4 November 2021. 3313:, 14 January 2007. 3287:. 2 February 2012. 2834:(in Russian). 2003 2762:on 8 January 2016. 2340:. 8 December 1999. 2281:on 6 February 2020 2115:. 16 February 2021 1606:Common Travel Area 1581:Post-Soviet states 1478:referendum in 2006 1426: 1307:Republic of Crimea 1303:Rustam Temirgaliev 1082: 994: 880:Vyacheslav Volodin 862:House of the Union 858: 809:Accounting Chamber 806:Court of the Union 694: 686: 517:2023 estimate 488:2023 estimate 47:State of the Union 6376: 6375: 6343: 6342: 5923:Domestic violence 5855: 5854: 5777:Russian oligarchs 5702:Aircraft industry 5679: 5678: 5656:Mass surveillance 5646:Search and rescue 5611:Political parties 5491:Foreign relations 5423: 5422: 5222: 5221: 5214:Historical cities 5073:Tsardom of Russia 4953: 4952: 4777: 4776: 4542: 4541: 4278: 4277: 4231: 4230: 4107: 4106: 4031: 4030: 4001:Political parties 3939:Foreign relations 3894: 3893: 3665:. 26 March 2023. 3579:. 20 October 2022 3507:. 19 March 2022. 3485:. 14 March 2022. 3423:www.postkomsg.com 3259:Službeni list SRJ 3168:Ukrayinska Pravda 3120:on 15 March 2012. 3048:on 19 August 2007 2816:vexillographia.ru 2732:on 14 August 2009 2527:www.postkomsg.com 2470:www.postkomsg.com 1785: 1756: 1726: 1704: 1667:in 2014, remains 1665:annexed by Russia 1571:Continental union 1533:Roman Golovchenko 1529:Mikhail Mishustin 1261:Viktor Yanukovych 936:Pyotr Prokopovich 847:Mikhail Mishustin 723:Russian President 626: 625: 318:Mikhail Mishustin 163:55.750°N 37.617°E 38:. For other, see 16:(Redirected from 6494: 6429: 6428: 6427: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6405: 6404: 6403: 6393: 6392: 6384: 6356: 6303:Russian language 6246:National symbols 5866: 5785: 5742:Fishing industry 5732:Economic regions 5727:Defence industry 5690: 5434: 5388:Russian Far East 5287:Northwest Russia 5245:Cities and towns 5233: 5095:Russian Republic 5001: 4980: 4973: 4966: 4957: 4804: 4797: 4790: 4781: 4767: 4766: 4741:New Union Treaty 4706:EU Technical Aid 4353: 4305: 4298: 4291: 4282: 4258: 4251: 4244: 4213:National symbols 4173:Belarusian names 4118: 4069: 4042: 3905: 3842: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3708: 3703: 3695: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3475: 3469: 3468: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3393: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3326:. Archived from 3320: 3314: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3231:. Archived from 3221: 3215: 3214: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3178: 3172: 3171: 3170:. 12 April 2014. 3158: 3152: 3151: 3149: 3147: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3100:on 20 March 2012 3096:. Archived from 3090: 3084: 3083: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3047: 3041:. Archived from 3040: 3032: 3026: 3025: 3024:. 17 April 2001. 3012: 3006: 3005: 3002:news.trendaz.com 2994: 2988: 2987: 2984:Ukrainska Pravda 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2959:on 15 March 2012 2955:. Archived from 2949: 2940: 2939: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2915: 2907: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2826: 2820: 2819: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2680:on 22 April 2008 2674:Associated Press 2666: 2660: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2646:. 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Archived from 1926: 1920: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1899: 1890: 1889: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1834: 1828: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1808: 1792: 1790: 1780: 1778: 1777:Саюзная дзяржава 1770: 1765: 1761: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1739: 1733: 1731: 1725:romanized: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1658: 1591:New Union Treaty 1554: 1424: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1371: 1365:Renewed interest 1353:Tomislav Nikolić 1343: 1341: 1340: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1293: 1291: 1290: 1273:Petro Poroshenko 1251: 1249: 1248: 1229: 1227: 1226: 1209:Vladimir Voronin 1203: 1201: 1200: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1166: 1164: 1163: 1140: 1138: 1137: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1047: 1042: 1034: 1029: 984:Proposed symbols 948:Belarusian ruble 803:Union Parliament 772:Kazakh President 614: 602: 599: 597: 566: 544:Belarusian ruble 531: 530: 514: 502: 501: 485: 459: 458: 401:26 December 1991 341: 339:Dmitry Mezentsev 337: 336: 320: 316: 315: 299: 295: 294: 253: 251: 250: 240: 238: 237: 175: 174: 173: 171: 170: 169: 164: 160: 157: 156: 155: 152: 108: 95: 87: 86: 85:Саюзная дзяржава 80: 72: 71: 58: 21: 6502: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6491: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6425: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6387: 6379: 6377: 6372: 6359: 6352: 6339: 6298:Public holidays 6293:Political jokes 6278:Personification 6231:Names of Russia 6100: 6019:Life expectancy 5851: 5783: 5675: 5526:Law enforcement 5419: 5405:Protected areas 5302:Smolensk Upland 5297:Oka–Don Lowland 5277:European Russia 5218: 5157: 5043:Mongol invasion 4990: 4984: 4954: 4949: 4899: 4866: 4813: 4808: 4778: 4773: 4755: 4676: 4655: 4646:2011 FTA Treaty 4619: 4588: 4538: 4521: 4500: 4480: 4420: 4340: 4314: 4309: 4279: 4274: 4261: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4227: 4218:Public holidays 4154: 4103: 4067: 4027: 3974:Internal Troops 3959:Law enforcement 3890: 3864:Protected areas 3831: 3744: 3735: 3701: 3693: 3687: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3657: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3635:. 25 May 2023. 3627: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3605:. 29 May 2023. 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3463:. 3 July 2022. 3455: 3454: 3450: 3435: 3434: 3430: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3394: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3348:Wayback Machine 3339: 3335: 3322: 3321: 3317: 3305:Wayback Machine 3296: 3292: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3253: 3252: 3248: 3238: 3236: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3195: 3180: 3179: 3175: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3145: 3143: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3101: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3021:BBC News Online 3014: 3013: 3009: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2962: 2960: 2951: 2950: 2943: 2930: 2929: 2925: 2908: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2865: 2863: 2862:. 10 April 2023 2852: 2851: 2847: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2810: 2809: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2779: 2775: 2774: 2767: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2720: 2719: 2715: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2653: 2651: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2610: 2609: 2605: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2542: 2541: 2534: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2507: 2506: 2502: 2492: 2490: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2464: 2463: 2456: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2429: 2428: 2413: 2406:page726227.html 2400: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2313: 2311: 2310:. 30 April 2020 2302: 2301: 2297: 2284: 2282: 2274:Foreign Affairs 2266: 2265: 2261: 2251: 2249: 2236: 2235: 2231: 2213: 2212: 2203: 2185: 2184: 2180: 2170: 2168: 2167:. 22 April 2021 2159: 2158: 2154: 2144: 2142: 2141:. 22 April 2021 2133: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2107: 2106: 2102: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2072: 2071: 2067: 2062:on 29 May 2020. 2054: 2053: 2046: 2036: 2034: 2026: 2025: 2010: 2001: 2000: 1996: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1973: 1972: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1928: 1927: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1901: 1900: 1893: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1836: 1835: 1831: 1821: 1819: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1795: 1763: 1740: 1736: 1711: 1691: 1687: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1561: 1552: 1549: 1513: 1470:Andrei Savinykh 1406: 1399: 1369: 1367: 1338: 1336: 1326: 1324: 1288: 1286: 1246: 1244: 1224: 1222: 1198: 1196: 1184: 1182: 1161: 1159: 1135: 1133: 1128:Georgiy Kabisov 1113: 1111: 1099: 1097: 1087: 1085: 1070: 1062:value-added tax 1058: 1018:A song called " 986: 977: 968: 958:instead of the 938:, chief of the 923: 921:Common currency 904: 896: 787: 666: 622: 611: 603: 594: 593: 561: 553: 524: 512: 495: 479: 467: 452: 437: 421:8 December 1999 418: 408: 398: 376: 363: 331: 330: 327: 310: 309: 306: 289: 288: 285: 259: 248: 246: 235: 233: 196: 167: 165: 161: 158: 153: 150: 148: 146: 145: 144: 143: 115: 99: 98: 89: 74: 63: 54: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6500: 6498: 6490: 6489: 6487:Confederations 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6433: 6421: 6409: 6397: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6358: 6357: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6332: 6331: 6330: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6151: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6110: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5994: 5993: 5992: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5869: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5812:Space industry 5809: 5804: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5787: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5651:Urban planning 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5538: 5533: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5503: 5498: 5488: 5486:Federal budget 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5395:North Caucasus 5392: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5370: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5348: 5347: 5346: 5336: 5331: 5329:Highest points 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5274: 5272:Extreme points 5269: 5268: 5267: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5154: 5153: 5143: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5104: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5087: 5085:Russian Empire 5082: 5081: 5080: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5009: 5007: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4989: articles 4985: 4983: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4960: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4942: 4941: 4940: 4935: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4918: 4911:Russian Empire 4907: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4885: 4880: 4874: 4872: 4871:Infrastructure 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4821: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4799: 4792: 4784: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4726:Russian Empire 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4636:Economic Court 4633: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4596: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4529: 4527: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4514: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4498: 4492: 4490: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4463: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4432: 4430: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4362: 4360: 4350: 4342: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4300: 4293: 4285: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4260: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4237: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4164: 4162: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4094:Stock exchange 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4018: 4011:Prime Minister 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3956: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3874:National parks 3871: 3861: 3856: 3854:Extreme points 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3823: 3822: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3793:Russian Empire 3790: 3785: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3754: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3726: 3719: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3696: 3686: 3685:External links 3683: 3681: 3680: 3650: 3620: 3590: 3564: 3534: 3514: 3492: 3470: 3448: 3428: 3410: 3385: 3363: 3351: 3333: 3315: 3290: 3272: 3246: 3216: 3193: 3190:. 20 May 2015. 3173: 3153: 3123: 3085: 3059: 3027: 3007: 2989: 2970: 2941: 2923: 2891: 2873: 2845: 2821: 2800: 2785:(in Russian). 2765: 2743: 2713: 2691: 2661: 2650:on 6 July 2011 2635: 2621: 2603: 2585: 2567: 2549: 2532: 2514: 2500: 2475: 2454: 2440: 2411: 2393: 2382:on 5 June 2008 2366: 2343: 2338:news.bbc.co.uk 2325: 2295: 2259: 2248:on 27 May 2019 2229: 2201: 2178: 2152: 2126: 2100: 2083: 2065: 2044: 2008: 1994: 1980: 1951: 1921: 1891: 1873: 1855: 1829: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1734: 1719:; Belarusian: 1685: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1643: 1630: 1621: 1616: 1610:United Kingdom 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1548: 1545: 1515:Following the 1512: 1509: 1501:economic union 1497:European Union 1474:Dmitri Medojev 1446:Vladimir Putin 1366: 1363: 1362: 1361: 1322: 1284: 1242: 1220: 1217:European Union 1194: 1180: 1157: 1150:National Unity 1131: 1109: 1069: 1066: 1057: 1054: 985: 982: 976: 973: 967: 964: 922: 919: 903: 900: 895: 892: 831:Grigory Rapota 811: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 786: 783: 731:Vladimir Putin 665: 662: 640:consisting of 624: 623: 621: 620: 608: 605: 604: 589: 586: 585: 582: 576: 575: 572: 568: 567: 559: 555: 554: 552: 551: 546: 540: 538: 534: 533: 532:$ 2.2 trillion 525: 522: 519: 518: 515: 505: 504: 503:$ 5.3 trillion 496: 493: 490: 489: 486: 472: 471: 468: 466:• Density 465: 462: 461: 453: 450: 447: 446: 442: 441: 438: 435: 432: 431: 427: 426: 423: 422: 419: 416: 413: 412: 409: 406: 403: 402: 399: 393: 390: 389: 386: 385: 381: 380: 377: 371: 368: 367: 364: 358: 355: 354: 351: 347: 346: 343: 342: 328: 325: 322: 321: 307: 304: 301: 300: 286: 283: 280: 279: 276: 275: 265: 261: 260: 258: 257: 244: 230: 228: 224: 223: 218: 214: 213: 204: 198: 197: 195: 194: 189: 183: 181: 177: 176: 168:55.750; 37.617 140: 136: 135: 125:Staraya Square 121: 117: 116: 114:in light green 109: 101: 100: 97: 96: 81: 65: 64: 61: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6499: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6432: 6422: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6398: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6382: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6351: 6350: 6346: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6318:Seven Wonders 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6283:Playing cards 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6248: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5998: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5978:Mental health 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5938:Ethnic groups 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5858: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5641:Civil defense 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5586:Media freedom 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5511: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5496: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5471:Criminal code 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5451:Civil Service 5449: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5374: 5371: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5152: 5149: 5148: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5122: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5112:Russian state 5110: 5109: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 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