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a gratuitous unilateral obligation except an obligation undertaken in the course of business (s 1(2)(a)(ii) of
Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995.) [Note that this section has caused great debate amongst academics as to the meanings of ‘unilateral’ and ‘gratuitous’. Some believe that the
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contract, i.e. a contract where only one of the parties comes under any duties to the other (e.g. a contract to perform services for no consideration). If, however, consideration is given, as for example in a sales contract, the contract is said to be
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inclusion of the two terms in this section points to a desire of the drafters that they be given different meanings. This would allow some promises to be unilateral but not gratuitous. This argument was particularly discussed by both Martin Hogg (
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agreement and should be distinguished from a unilateral promise, the latter being recognised as a distinct and enforceable species of obligation in Scots Law. The
English requirement for
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A leading piece of legislation in Scots contract law is the
Contract (Scotland) Act 1997. This act includes damages for breach of contract of sale.
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A contract is an agreement between two or more parties which creates or intends to create legally binding obligations between the parties to it.
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the creation, transfer, variation or extinction of a real right in land (s 1(2) (a)(i) of
Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995); and
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however that not all declarations made by a person to another person will amount to a promise that is enforceable under Scots law
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623:, 5th edn. Haywards Heath, West Sussex: Bloomsbury Professional, 2020.
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European contract law: Scots and South
African perspectives
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The law of contracts and related obligations in
Scotland
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does not apply in
Scotland, so it is possible to have a
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609:, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
626:Hector L. MacQueen & Reinhard Zimmermann, eds.
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Promises and contract law: Comparative perspectives
534:, a promise need only be evidenced in writing for:
570:; an offer can be constituted by responding to an
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515:. In particular, a declaration of intention, a
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522:At common law, a promise had to be proved by
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532:Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995
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577:Variation of the original offer counts as
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530:. However, after the introduction of the
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619:Hector L. MacQueen & J. M. Thomson.
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637:, 3rd edn. Edinburgh: W. Green, 2007.
558:(News) in 1998 and 1997 respectively.
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684:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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18:Unilateral gratuitous obligations
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554:) in articles for the
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474:governs the rules of
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498:gratuitous
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