877:, Lyons held a steadfast belief in "the need to balance budgets, lower costs to business and restore confidence" and the Lyons period gave Australia "stability and eventual growth" between the drama of the Depression and the outbreak of the Second World War. A lowering of wages was enforced and industry tariff protections maintained, which together with cheaper raw materials during the 1930s saw a shift from agriculture to manufacturing as the chief employer of the Australian economy – a shift which was consolidated by increased investment by the commonwealth government into defence and armaments manufacture. Lyons saw restoration of Australia's exports as the key to economic recovery. A devalued Australian currency assisted in restoring a favourable balance of trade. Tariffs had been a point of difference between the Country Party and United Australia Party. The CP opposed high tariffs because they increased costs for farmers, while the UAP had support among manufacturers who supported tariffs. Lyons was therefore happy to be perceived as "protectionist". Australia agreed to give tariff preference to British Empire goods, following the 1932 Imperial economic conference. The Lyons government lowered interest rates to stimulate expenditure. Another point of difference was the issue of establishing national unemployment insurance. Debate on this issue became strained with the Country Party opposing the plan. On this issue, deputy leader Robert Menzies and Country Party leader
1782:
1086:. En route he inspected Singapore's defences – finding them alarmingly inadequate – and visited Australian troops in the Mid-East. He at times clashed with Churchill in the War Cabinet, and was unable to achieve significant assurances for increased commitment to Singapore's defences, but undertook morale boosting excursions to war affected cities and factories and was well received by the British press and generally raised awareness in Britain of Australia's contribution to its war effort. He returned to Australia via Canada and the United States – addressing the Canadian parliament and lobbying President Roosevelt for more arms production. After four months, Menzies returned to Australia to face a lack of enthusiasm for his global travels and a war-time minority government under ever increasing strain.
842:
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677:
1731:
902:
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57:
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Government. The
Cabinet instead insisted he approach Curtin again to form a war cabinet. Unable to secure Curtin's support, and with an unworkable parliamentary majority, Menzies faced continuing problems with the administration of the war effort and the undermining of his leadership by members of his own coalition. Menzies resigned as prime minister on 29 August 1941, but initially stayed on as UAP leader.
1888:
1946:
1860:
1916:
785:
backgrounds allowed the party to present a convincing image of national unity transcending class barriers. This was especially true of the party leader, Lyons. Indeed, he had been chosen as the merged party's leader because he was thought to be more electorally appealing than the aloof Latham, and was thus better suited to win over traditional Labor supporters to the UAP.
1055:(CPA) opposed and sought to disrupt Australia's war effort. Menzies banned the CPA after the fall of France in 1940, but by 1941 Stalin was forced to join the allied cause when Hitler reneged on the Pact and invaded the USSR. The USSR came to bear the brunt of the carnage of Hitler's war machine and the Communist Party in Australia lost its early war stigma as a result.
1485:
1434:
1399:
1336:
1306:
1292:
267:
616:
1583:
1499:
1448:
1385:
1350:
830:, which stood in place of the UAP and Country Party in South Australia, joined the UAP party room, giving the UAP a bare majority of two seats. When negotiations with Page broke down, Lyons formed an exclusively UAP government. In 1934, the UAP lost six seats, forcing Lyons to take the Country Party into his government in a full-fledged Coalition.
1000:
advice about developments. Menzies announced
Australia's entry into World War Two on 3 September 1939 as a consequence of Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland. Australia was ill-prepared for war. A National Security Act was passed, the recruitment of a volunteer military force for service at home and abroad was announced, the
1109:
In August, Cabinet decided that
Menzies should travel back to Britain to represent Australia in the War Cabinet – but this time the Labor caucus refused to support the plan. Menzies announced to his Cabinet that he thought he should resign and advise the Governor General to invite Curtin to form
999:
The growing threat of war dominated politics through 1939. Menzies supported
British policy against Hitler's Germany (negotiate for peace, but prepare for war) and – fearing Japanese intentions in the Pacific – established independent embassies in Tokyo and Washington to receive independent
1217:
The name United
Australia Party has fallen into complete disregard. It no longer means anything. Many of my own strongest supporters in my own electorate decline to have anything to do with the Party as such. To establish a new party under a new name, it is, I think, essential to recognise that the
1145:
with the
Country Party or go it alone. His preferred option was the latter, and he had intended to re-contest the leadership if he was successful. However, the party voted 19–12 to form a united opposition under the leadership of Fadden. Although the UAP had been in government for a decade, Menzies'
1027:
to
Washington as Australia's first "Minister to the United States". In a consequent by-election, the UAP suffered a heavy defeat and Menzies re-entered coalition negotiations with the Country Party. In March 1940, troubled negotiations were concluded with the Country Party to re-enter Coalition with
694:
The UAP was formed in 1931 by Labor dissidents and a conservative coalition as a response to the more radical economic proposals of Labor Party members to deal with the Great
Depression in Australia. Lyons and Fenton's opposition to the economic policies of the Scullin Labor government had attracted
1126:
Coles and Wilson were angered at how
Menzies had been treated, and on 3 October voted with the Opposition in the House of Representatives to reject Fadden's budget; Fadden promptly resigned. This became a rare moment in Parliament in which a sitting government is defeated in the House. This did not
932:
gathering in Europe and the
Pacific, Joseph Lyons became the first Prime Minister of Australia to die in office. Driving from Canberra to Sydney, en route to his home in Tasmania for Easter, he suffered a heart attack, dying soon after in hospital in Sydney, on Good Friday. The UAP's Deputy leader,
1997:
The figure given for the UAP's peak membership was a notional estimate, mathematically estimated based on branches, and branch membership figures. C.J. Lloyd, the source behind the membership estimates, also stated that, “It is unlikely that the peak subscribing membership of the UAP ever exceeded
884:
According to author Brian Carroll, Lyons had been underestimated when he assumed office in 1932 and as leader he demonstrated: "a combination of honesty, native shrewdness, tact, administrative ability, common sense, good luck and good humour that kept him in the job longer than any previous Prime
857:
followed Lyons' first electoral victory when NSW Premier Jack Lang refused to pay interest on overseas State debts. The Lyons government stepped in and paid the debts and then passed the Financial Agreement Enforcement Act to recover the money it had paid. In an effort to frustrate this move, Lang
1188:
After this election defeat, Menzies returned to the UAP leadership, and Fadden handed the post of opposition leader to him as well. However, as the Nationalists had a decade earlier, the party and its organisation now seemed moribund, particularly in NSW. UAP branches tended to become inactive
1176:
Having spent all but eight months of its existence prior to 1941 in government, the UAP was ill-prepared for a role in opposition. Curtin proved a popular leader, rallying the nation in the face of the danger of invasion by the Japanese after Japan's entry into the war in December 1941. Even
1122:
Australia marked two years of war on 7 September 1941 with a day of prayer, on which Prime Minister Fadden broadcast to the nation an exhortation to be united in the ‘supreme task of defeating the forces of evil in the world". With the Pacific on the brink of war, Opposition leader John Curtin
784:
Claiming that the Scullin government was incapable of managing the economy, it offered traditional deflationary economic policies in response to Australia's economic crisis. Though it was basically an upper- and middle-class conservative party, the presence of ex-Labor MPs with working-class
969:. Menzies tried and failed to have the issue of national insurance examined by a committee of parliamentarians. Though no longer in formal coalition, his government survived because the Country Party preferred a UAP government to that of a Labor government.
1118:
Following Menzies' resignation, a joint UAP–Country Party meeting chose Fadden to be his successor as prime minister, even though the Country Party was the junior partner in the coalition. Menzies became Minister for Defence Co-ordination.
889:. She had a busy official role from 1932 to 1939 and, following her husband's death, stood for Parliament herself, becoming Australia's first female Member of the House of Representatives, and later first woman in Cabinet, joining the
1134:, who wanted to avoid calling an election given the dangerous international situation, Coles and Wilson threw their support to Labor. Gowrie then duly swore Curtin in as prime minister on 7 October 1941. Eight weeks later, Japan
792:, cost the Scullin government its parliamentary majority. In November 1931, Lang Labor dissidents broke with the Scullin government and joined with the UAP opposition to pass a no-confidence motion, forcing an early election.
1218:
new groups and movements which sprang up in the six months before the election were all expressions of dissatisfaction with the existing set-up. The time between now and the next election is already beginning to run out!
852:
Lyons favoured the tough economic measures of the "Premiers' Plan", pursued an orthodox fiscal policy and refused to accept NSW Premier Jack Lang's proposals to default on overseas debt repayments. A dramatic episode in
1177:
allowing for the advantages a sitting government has in wartime, the Labor government seemed more effective than its predecessor, while Fadden and Hughes were unable to get the better of Curtin. By the time the
1212:
Menzies became convinced that the UAP was no longer viable, and a new anti-Labor party needed to be formed to replace it. He circulated a confidential memorandum expressing his wish for the UAP to be replaced:
384:
1007:
Troubled by Britain's failure to increase defences at Singapore, Menzies was cautious in committing troops to Europe, nevertheless in 1940–41, Australian forces played prominent roles in the fighting in the
540:. After Lyons' death in April 1939, the UAP elected Robert Menzies as its new leader. This resulted in the Country Party leaving the coalition, but a new coalition agreement was reached in March 1940. The
3976:
3928:
1058:
At the general election in September 1940, there was a large swing to Labor and the UAP-Country Party coalition lost its majority, continuing in office only because of the support of two independent MPs,
917:
in Asia. The UAP largely supported the western powers in their policy of appeasement, however veteran UAP minister Billy Hughes was an exception and he embarrassed the government with his 1935 book
866:, intervened on the basis that Lang had acted illegally in breach of the state Audit Act and sacked the Lang Government, who then suffered a landslide loss at the consequent 1932 state election.
5091:
1101:
campaigns, Menzies re-organised his ministry and announced multiple multi-party committees to advise on war and economic policy. Government critics however called for an all-party government.
3933:
1781:
1189:
between elections, and its politicians were seen as compromised by their reliance on large donations from business and financial organisations. In New South Wales, the party merged with the
833:
The Lyons government followed the conservative economic policies it had promised in opposition, and benefited politically from the gradual worldwide economic recovery as the 1930s went on.
757:'s Nationalist government in 1929), merged to form the UAP. Although the new party was dominated by former Nationalists, Lyons was chosen as the new party's leader, and thus became
5180:
2167:
3969:
3032:
1185:, the Coalition had sunk into a state of near paralysis, and at the election, suffered a landslide defeat, being reduced to only 23 seats nationwide, including 14 for the UAP.
1146:
resignation revealed a party almost completely bereft of leadership. With no obvious successor to Menzies, the UAP was forced to turn to the 79-year-old former prime minister
1083:
4832:
3943:
3913:
3893:
3873:
3858:
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2607:
1067:. The UAP–Country Party coalition and the Labor parties won 36 seats each. Menzies proposed an all party unity government to break the impasse, but the Labor Party under
5489:
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978:
4031:
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806:
With the Labor Party split between Scullin's supporters and Langites, and with a very popular leader (Lyons had a genial manner and the common touch), the UAP won the
3587:
3577:
405:
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5084:
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2030:
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defeated Hughes for the UAP leadership and became Prime Minister on 26 April 1939. Page refused to serve under Menzies, leaving the UAP with a minority government.
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2632:
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1226:, with Menzies as its leader. The new party was dominated by former UAP members; with a few exceptions, the UAP party room became the Liberal party room.
5077:
4857:
2964:
1198:
1131:
938:
3693:
2721:
John Laverty, 'Chandler, Sir John Beals (1887–1962)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University,
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1064:
732:
1202:
4512:
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35:
4712:
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On 9 October, Menzies resigned as UAP leader, but not before calling for a partyroom meeting to determine whether the party should form a united
5348:
5268:
5107:
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4016:
4006:
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827:
422:
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735:—resigned from the ALP in protest of the Scullin government's economic policies. Five of the six Labor dissidents—all except Gabb—formed the
3954:
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5128:
4862:
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4547:
4432:
4422:
4169:
4129:
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2173:
1979:
Although the Nationalist Party was not strictly a predecessor party, the majority of the UAP was made up of former members or sympathisers.
1190:
758:
682:
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610:
569:
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372:
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refused to join. Curtin agreed instead to take a seat on a newly created Advisory War Council in October 1940. New Country Party leader
846:
526:
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2034:
2013:
2009:
950:
479:
5015:
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700:
4917:
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941:, appointed Country Party leader Sir Earle Page as his temporary replacement, pending the selection of Lyons' successor by the UAP.
789:
777:
650:
2854:
1229:
The Liberal Party went on to become the dominant centre-right party in Australian politics. After an initial loss to Labor at the
664:
Jack Lang's bid to default on debt repayments, Lyons advocated orthodox fiscal management. When Labor reinstated the more radical
5355:
4965:
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649:
clashed with the Labor Cabinet and Caucus over economic policy, and grappled with the differing proposals of the Premier's Plan,
577:
541:
537:
533:
522:
248:
244:
1043:. The Labor Party meanwhile experienced a split along pro and anti Communist lines over policy towards the Soviet Union for its
741:
and crossed over to the opposition benches. On 7 May, the All for Australia League, the Nationalist opposition (hitherto led by
5474:
4927:
4642:
4627:
4567:
4517:
4452:
4359:
4139:
4056:
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641:'s Labor Cabinet. Lyons became acting Treasurer in 1930 and helped negotiate the government's strategies for dealing with the
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517:. Lyons was chosen as the new party's leader due to his popularity among the general public, with former Nationalist leader
772:
At the 1931 federal election, the UAP campaigned on a platform of economic conservatism, accusing the Labor governments of
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allowed Menzies to reach accommodation. A new Coalition ministry was formed including a number of Country Party members.
1001:
642:
606:
589:
510:
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224:
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31:
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the support of a circle of socially prominent Melburnians known as "the Group" or "Group of Six", comprising stockbroker
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4144:
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2038:
1998:
20,000,” adding: “The active membership was much smaller – certainly less than half and possibly as low as 25 per cent.”
1206:
1052:
728:
275:
1520:
was the main anti-Labor party, but five MPs elected under that banner joined the parliamentary UAP after the election.
1044:
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2026:
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859:
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in a massive landslide which saw the two wings of the Labor Party cut down to 18 seats between them, and Lyons became
463:
459:
4389:
2523:
1150:
as its new leader. With Menzies out and the aged Hughes seen as a stop-gap leader, UAP members jostled for position.
858:
ordered State departments to pay all receipts directly to the Treasury instead of into Government bank accounts. The
2757:
2636:
788:
A further split, this time of left-wing NSW Labor MPs who supported the unorthodox economic policies of NSW Premier
5000:
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4687:
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234:
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291:
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offered friendship and co-operation to Fadden, but refused to join in an all-party wartime national government.
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in January 1932. He took office at the helm of a UAP majority government. The UAP initially hoped to renew the
737:
676:
211:
4932:
2455:
580:, and Menzies subsequently returned as UAP leader and Leader of the Opposition. The UAP ceased to exist as a
5435:
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870:
284:
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1988:
For the majority of the UAP's existence as a party, it occupied 30 Ash Street, Sydney as its headquarters.
1730:
1164:
1142:
1135:
962:
630:
553:
514:
506:
490:
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427:
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3511:
3501:
3491:
3476:
2585:
1951:
826:
after coming up four seats short of a majority in its own right. However, the five MPs elected from the
815:
719:
against the Scullin Labor government. Soon afterward, Lyons, Fenton and four other right-wing Labor MPs—
455:
417:
349:
334:
298:
2392:
2276:
56:
3000:
1078:
In January 1941, Menzies flew to Britain to discuss the weakness of Singapore's defences and sat with
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5162:
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30:
This article is about the defunct major party. For the modern-day party founded by Clive Palmer, see
2366:
5405:
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17:
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3390:
3324:
2995:
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2920:
1588:
1233:, Menzies led the new non-Labor Coalition (of the Liberal and Country parties) to victory at the
1089:
In Menzies's absence, Curtin had co-operated with Fadden in preparing Australia for the expected
854:
712:
328:
885:
Minister except Hughes". Lyons was assisted in his campaigning by his politically active wife,
753:(a group of former Nationalists who had been expelled for crossing the floor and bringing down
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4369:
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1079:
992:
762:
637:. Lyons was elected to the Australian Federal Parliament in 1929 and served in Prime Minister
561:
393:
1023:
Prime Minister Billy Hughes). In January 1940, Menzies dispatched potential leadership rival
1015:
A special War Cabinet was created;– initially composed of Menzies and five senior ministers (
869:
Australia entered the Depression with a debt crisis and a credit crisis. According to author
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became Treasurer and Menzies unhappily conceded to allow Earle Page back into his ministry.
929:
921:
which exposed a lack of preparation in Australia for what Hughes correctly supposed to be a
874:
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471:
365:
206:
983:
965:
included the ageing former Prime Minister Billy Hughes and the young future Prime Minister
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McCarthy, John (1971). "Unions and the United Australia Party: New South Wales, 1932–39".
1098:
914:
545:
447:
252:
2045:. This was one of many legal, and political, disputes between the UAP and its successor (
536:, the UAP entered into a coalition with the Country Party; it retained government at the
1516:
Note: the United Australia Party did not run candidates in South Australia in 1931. The
1093:. With the threat of Japan imminent and with the Australian army suffering badly in the
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988:
955:
708:
475:
305:
97:
2754:"After office – William Morris Hughes – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
2674:
2633:"After office – William Morris Hughes – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
1039:
looming, Menzies lost his Chief of the General Staff and three loyal ministers in the
715:. In parliament on 13 March 1931, though still a member of the ALP, Lyons supported a
5468:
4577:
3339:
3205:
3200:
3180:
3089:
1935:
1705:
1608:
1072:
925:. Hughes was forced to resign, but the Lyons government tripled its defence budget.
773:
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557:
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157:
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933:
Robert Menzies, had resigned in March, citing the coalition's failure to implement
922:
746:
665:
626:
619:
573:
467:
105:
89:
2740:
Acts of Parliament: A Narrative History of the Senate and House of Representatives
1945:
699:, insurance company president Charles Arthur Norris, metallurgist and businessman
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Biography – Sir Robert Gordon (Bob) Menzies – Australian Dictionary of Biography
1760:
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1068:
1020:
966:
863:
565:
2780:"Before office – Arthur Fadden – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
1859:
909:
Defence issues became increasingly dominant in public affairs with the rise of
5343:
4677:
4442:
4229:
3359:
3255:
2945:
2247:"Before office – Joseph Lyons – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
1915:
1677:
961:
In addition to the office of Prime Minister, Menzies served as Treasurer. The
886:
878:
823:
720:
556:. In August 1941, Menzies was forced to resign as prime minister in favour of
3010:
2696:
2524:"Before office – John Curtin – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
2433:"After office – Joseph Lyons – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
645:. With Scullin temporarily absent in London, Lyons and acting Prime Minister
560:, the Country Party leader; he in turn survived only 40 days before losing a
3718:
2493:"In office – Robert Menzies – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
2022:
724:
2932:
Tsokhas, Kosmas (1989). "Business, empire and the United Australia party".
2582:"In office – Arthur Fadden – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
2363:"Enid Lyons – Joseph Lyons – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
2299:"In office – James Scullin – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
2389:"In office – Joseph Lyons – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
2273:"Elections – Joseph Lyons – Australia's PMs – Australia's Prime Ministers"
1582:
615:
4364:
2018:
2972:
2954:
2924:
3051:
910:
2870:
Things Fall Apart: The End of the United Australia Party, 1939 to 1943
2723:
http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/chandler-sir-john-beals-9724/text17171
2222:
Things Fall Apart: The End of the United Australia Party, 1939 to 1943
1237:, defeating the incumbent Labor government led by Curtin's successor,
2916:
1127:
occur in Australia again for another 78 years. Under the prodding of
2856:
The Formation and Development of the United Australia Party, 1929–37
765:
branch of the Nationalists, however, retained the Nationalist name.
493:. Six fiscally conservative Labor MPs left the party to protest the
450:
that was founded in 1931 and dissolved in 1945. The party won four
1163:
982:
900:
840:
767:
675:
622:, inaugural leader of the UAP and the party's first prime minister
614:
521:
becoming his deputy. He led the UAP to a landslide victory at the
1047:
in the invasion of Poland; this resulted in the formation of the
5073:
3958:
3014:
1222:
On 31 August 1945, the UAP was absorbed into the newly formed
668:
as Treasurer in 1931, Lyons and Fenton resigned from Cabinet.
2422:
Brian Carroll; From Barton to Fraser; Cassell Australia; 1978
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2365:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. 24 October 1934. Archived from
2192:(Election poster advertisement). United Australia Party via
2172:(Election poster advertisement). United Australia Party via
2043:
National Security (Subversive Associations) Regulations 1940
2725:, published first in hardcopy 1993. Retrieved 22 June 2018.
576:
replacing Menzies as UAP leader. Hughes resigned after the
1004:, and a citizen militia was organised for local defence.
592:
has no connection or relationship with the former party.
1241:. The Coalition stayed in office for a record 23 years.
937:. In the absence of a UAP deputy, the Governor-General,
2892:. Vol. 1 (1894–1943). Melbourne University Press.
2657:
Government Politics Power & Policy, Woodward et al
525:, where the party secured an outright majority in the
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
1028:
the UAP. The replacement of Earle Page as leader by
5231:
5190:
5114:
4408:
4090:
3999:
3831:
3775:
3732:
3686:
3631:
3560:
3424:
3368:
3264:
3173:
3050:
3001:
Australian Dictionary of Biography – Robert Menzies
392:
371:
358:
345:
327:
274:
258:
240:
230:
220:
194:
176:
168:
121:
71:
63:
45:
2885:
2017:In the 1930s and 40s, rhetorically the UAP held a
1172:, its final campaign before the party was wound up
584:in February 1945, when its members joined the new
529:and was able to form government in its own right.
3006:Australian Dictionary of Biography – Billy Hughes
2996:Australian Dictionary of Biography – Joseph Lyons
2955:"The Emergence of the Liberal Party of Australia"
2876:(M.Litt. thesis). Australian National University.
2608:"First house defeat on legislation in 80 years"
845:Anti-Lang advertisement used by the UAP at the
2456:"Menzies, Sir Robert Gordon (Bob) (1894–1978)"
2148:"The Significance of the Communist Party Case"
928:On 7 April 1939, with the storm clouds of the
5085:
3970:
3026:
2862:(PhD thesis). Australian National University.
2703:. Australian National Library. 26 August 1944
2518:
2516:
2514:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2241:
2239:
660:While Health Minister Frank Anstey supported
27:Former Australian political party (1931–1945)
8:
653:, the Commonwealth Bank and British adviser
564:and making way for a Labor government under
485:The UAP was created in the aftermath of the
34:. For other parties with similar names, see
2756:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2635:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2584:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2576:
2574:
2572:
2495:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2391:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2301:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2275:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
2249:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. Archived from
1019:, GA Street, Senator McLeay, HS Gullet and
5092:
5078:
5070:
4833:Pensioner and Citizen Initiated Referendum
3977:
3963:
3955:
3653:Northern Territory (Country Liberal Party)
3033:
3019:
3011:
2965:Australian Institute of Policy and Science
2802:"Menzies Elected Deputy Leader of the UAP"
2742:. Melbourne University Press. p. 367.
680:Advertisement for the U.A.P. published in
42:
2984:(Thesis). Australian National University.
2836:Joseph Lyons: The People's Prime Minister
2677:. Sydney Morning Herald. 25 November 1943
2435:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au. 7 April 1939
2350:Joseph Lyons: The People's Prime Minister
2189:Smash the Red Wreckers and Save Australia
1168:Advertisement used by the UAP during the
131:
122:
5490:Political parties disestablished in 1945
2117:
2097:
1815:
1532:
1248:
5505:Australian Labor Party breakaway groups
4513:Australians Against Further Immigration
3694:Australian Liberal Students' Federation
2701:Sydney Morning Herald 26 August 1944 p4
2062:
1972:
905:Anti-communist poster promoting the UAP
36:United Australia Party (disambiguation)
5480:Defunct political parties in Australia
5349:Australian Labor Party (Non-Communist)
3993:Defunct political parties in Australia
1518:Emergency Committee of South Australia
828:Emergency Committee of South Australia
5485:Political parties established in 1931
4878:Reclaim Australia: Reduce Immigration
2206:
2133:
2121:
2113:
2101:
2093:
2081:
2069:
7:
5108:Political parties in New South Wales
4648:Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy
2982:Political Ideas In The Liberal Party
611:Australian Labor Party split of 1931
509:, but then agreed to merge with the
5500:1945 disestablishments in Australia
3658:Queensland (Liberal National Party)
847:1932 New South Wales state election
4613:Democratic Association of Victoria
1201:the following year. In Queensland
81:
72:
25:
18:United Australia Party (1931-1945)
4105:Abolish Self Government Coalition
881:would have a public falling out.
761:, with Latham as his deputy. The
629:began his political career as an
505:, the defectors initially sat as
497:'s financial policies during the
5495:1931 establishments in Australia
5239:A Better Future For Our Children
5101:
4966:Taxi Operators Political Service
4100:A Better Future For Our Children
4007:Country and Progressive National
3986:
3823:Citizens' Municipal Organisation
2953:Williams, John R. (March 1967).
1944:
1914:
1886:
1858:
1780:
1729:
1646:
1581:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1348:
1335:
1334:
1305:
1304:
1291:
1290:
1170:1943 Australian federal election
501:. Led by Joseph Lyons, a former
454:in that time, usually governing
266:
265:
55:
4628:Drew Pavlou Democratic Alliance
4140:Australian Progressive Alliance
4130:Australian Motoring Enthusiasts
4093:in federal or state parliaments
2153:Melbourne University Law Review
4433:Aged and Disability Pensioners
4409:Parties without representation
2230:Australian National University
2169:The Ideals of United Australia
2049:) against the Communist Party.
1498:
1447:
1384:
1349:
1045:co-operation with Nazi Germany
951:Menzies government (1939–1941)
1:
5157:Shooters, Fishers and Farmers
4868:Progressive Nationalist Party
4698:Imperial British Conservative
4598:Defence of Government Schools
4165:Country-National Organisation
1002:2nd Australian Imperial Force
935:a plan for national insurance
607:Great Depression in Australia
32:United Australia Party (2013)
4813:One Parliament for Australia
4310:Northern Territory Nationals
4042:Liberal and Democratic Union
3643:Australian Capital Territory
2031:1939 UAP leadership election
1053:Communist Party of Australia
745:) and former Prime Minister
5449:Politics of New South Wales
4898:Restore the Workers' Rights
3687:Party-related organisations
2782:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au
2675:""Democratic Party" Formed"
2526:. Primeministers.naa.gov.au
991:and British Prime Minister
919:Australia and the War Today
5521:
4828:Pauline's United Australia
4733:Lower Excise Fuel and Beer
4718:Liberal Democratic (1940s)
4473:Aus. Fishing and Lifestyle
4220:Industrial Socialist Labor
4120:Australian Family Movement
4037:Liberal and Country League
3043:Liberal Party of Australia
2146:Winterton, George (1992).
2037:(1939–1941) dissolved the
2019:strong and consistent line
2007:
1224:Liberal Party of Australia
1160:Liberal Party of Australia
1157:
1104:
976:
948:
808:elections in December 1931
799:
662:Premier of New South Wales
604:
586:Liberal Party of Australia
147:Robert Menzies (1935–1939)
113:Robert Menzies (1943–1945)
29:
5444:
5411:Protestant People's Party
5059:List of political parties
5039:
4996:Victorian Socialist Party
4873:Protestant People's Party
4091:Other parties represented
2946:10.1080/00323268908402089
2867:Marchant, Sylvia (1998).
2548:Australia's war 1939–1945
2336:; Cassell Australia; 1978
2219:Marchant, Sylvia (1998).
1805:
1759:
1674:
1671:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1605:
1596:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1560:
1207:Queensland People's Party
1049:Non-Communist Labor Party
979:Australia in World War II
780:of destroying the economy
707:, state attorney-general
633:politician and served as
568:. Fadden continued on as
413:
54:
5401:Progressive Party (1920)
5396:Progressive Party (1901)
5244:All for Australia League
5031:Young Australia National
4858:Progressive Conservative
4573:Conservative Nationalist
4538:Climate Change Coalition
4438:All for Australia League
4390:Victorian Farmers' Union
4330:Progressive Labor (Vic.)
4325:Progressive (NSW, 1920s)
4115:Australian Conservatives
4072:Progressive (NSW, 1900s)
2960:The Australian Quarterly
2806:Robert Menzies Institute
1199:Liberal Democratic Party
1197:, which merged with the
860:New South Wales Governor
759:Leader of the Opposition
738:All for Australia League
570:Leader of the Opposition
527:House of Representatives
373:House of Representatives
212:All for Australia League
152:Billy Hughes (1943–1944)
5416:Reform the Legal System
5329:Independent Labor Group
5319:Illawarra Workers Party
5289:Democratic Party (1943)
5284:Democratic Party (1920)
4953:Sun Ripened Warm Tomato
4818:Online Direct Democracy
4593:Defence and Ex-Services
4488:Aus. National Socialist
4350:Reform the Legal System
4345:Redistribution Liberals
4210:Independent Labor Group
3724:Menzies Research Centre
2545:Beaumont, John (1996).
2462:. Adb.online.anu.edu.au
548:and the formation of a
329:Political position
5475:United Australia Party
5431:United Australia Party
5334:Industrial Labor Party
4803:One Australia Movement
4703:Independent Democratic
4668:Freedom and Prosperity
4543:Combined New Australia
4483:Aus. National Alliance
4418:21st Century Australia
4300:North Queensland Labor
4275:New Conservative Group
4200:Hare-Clark Independent
4185:Executive Country (WA)
4145:Blackburn-Mutton Labor
3818:United Australia Party
2888:Robert Menzies: A Life
1796:elected; second ballot
1748:elected; second ballot
1220:
1205:was absorbed into the
1173:
996:
963:First Menzies Ministry
906:
849:
837:Response to Depression
781:
691:
631:Australian Labor Party
623:
590:United Australia Party
552:with support from two
491:Australian Labor Party
440:United Australia Party
353:(1934–1939; 1940–1943)
182:; 79 years ago
48:United Australia Party
5223:Sustainable Australia
5049:Politics of Australia
4986:United Tasmania Group
4976:United Australia (SA)
4928:Services and Citizens
4773:National Humanitarian
4623:Douglas Social Credit
4468:Aus. Defence Veterans
4225:Labor (Non-Communist)
4175:Conservative National
4155:City Country Alliance
2980:Tiver, P. G. (1973).
2333:From Barton to Fraser
2014:Menzies government II
2008:Further information:
1665:elected; third ballot
1245:Electoral performance
1215:
1183:1943 federal election
1167:
1136:attacked Pearl Harbor
1041:Canberra air disaster
1010:Mediterranean theatre
986:
904:
844:
771:
688:1931 federal election
679:
618:
605:Further information:
523:1931 federal election
418:Politics of Australia
5021:Women's Party (2020)
5016:Women's Party (1995)
5001:Voluntary Euthanasia
4962:Tasmania Senate Team
4823:Party! Party! Party!
4688:Henry George Justice
4643:Engineered Australia
4618:Democratic Socialist
4458:Aus. Better Families
4285:New Liberal Movement
4255:Liberals for Forests
4052:Liberal Reform (NSW)
3798:National Labor Party
3793:Fusion Liberal Party
2853:Lloyd, Clem (1984).
2697:"Parties will unite"
2395:on 26 September 2011
2010:Menzies government I
1812:Party deputy leaders
1312:Majority government
1181:were issued for the
1105:Menzies' resignation
717:no confidence motion
701:John Michael Higgins
697:Staniforth Ricketson
446:) was an Australian
346:National affiliation
5406:Protectionist Party
5269:Christian Democrats
5196:-registered parties
5191:Extra-Parliamentary
4808:One Australia Party
4553:Commonwealth Centre
4453:Aus. Antipaedophile
4315:Nuclear Disarmament
4170:Country Progressive
4032:Liberal (WA, 1910s)
4017:Emergency Committee
3832:Leadership contests
3783:Protectionist Party
3750:Independent Liberal
2499:on 13 November 2013
2196:. 17 December 1931.
2084:, pp. 245–246.
1818:
1535:
1454:Minority government
1405:Majority government
1356:Majority government
1154:Demise of the party
1084:British War Cabinet
897:Preparation for war
816:non-Labor Coalition
635:Premier of Tasmania
588:. The contemporary
582:parliamentary party
550:minority government
503:Premier of Tasmania
318:Economic liberalism
5391:Outdoor Recreation
5274:Commonwealth Party
5249:Building Australia
5218:Socialist Alliance
4863:Progressive Labour
4783:Nationalist (1958)
4778:National Socialist
4713:Indigenous Peoples
4563:Confederate Action
4558:Communist Alliance
4448:Aus. First Nations
4428:Affordable Housing
4411:in any parliaments
4400:Western Australian
4290:No Self Government
4215:Independents Group
4195:Glenn Lazarus Team
4180:Democratic (1920s)
4125:Australian Liberal
4047:Liberal Federation
4012:Democratic (1940s)
3704:Cormack Foundation
3325:Ashley Goldsworthy
3236:Michael Wooldridge
2838:. NewSouth Books.
2555:. pp. 94–95.
2176:. 9 December 1931.
2035:Menzies government
1924:22 September 1943
1921:North Sydney, NSW
1871:15 September 1934
1816:
1790:22 September 1943
1755:22 September 1943
1533:
1191:Commonwealth Party
1174:
997:
945:Menzies government
907:
855:Australian history
850:
782:
713:Kingsley Henderson
692:
624:
513:and form a united
495:Scullin government
462:. It provided two
5462:
5461:
5426:State Labor Party
5421:Save the ADI Site
5381:No Parking Meters
5371:No Aircraft Noise
5175:Liberal Democrats
5169:Legalise Cannabis
5067:
5066:
4991:Uniting Australia
4938:Social Democratic
4913:Save the ADI Site
4903:Rise Up Australia
4793:No Aircraft Noise
4743:Marriage Equality
4673:Great Australians
4653:Family Law Reform
4503:Australian Sports
4478:Aus. Independents
4463:Aus. Commonwealth
4423:Advance Australia
4395:Victorian Liberal
4265:National Alliance
4205:Illawarra Workers
3952:
3951:
3803:Nationalist Party
3678:Western Australia
2588:on 24 August 2011
2553:Allen & Unwin
2352:; NewSouth; 2011.
2209:, pp. 95–99.
2136:, pp. 42–49.
2124:, pp. 45–48.
2120:, pp. 7–27;
2104:, pp. 29–49.
2100:, pp. 7–27;
1964:
1963:
1960:21 February 1945
1941:
1911:
1883:
1855:
1829:
1809:
1808:
1803:21 February 1945
1800:
1777:
1752:
1726:
1712:
1684:
1669:
1643:
1615:
1603:
1578:
1546:
1514:
1513:
1114:Fadden government
1080:Winston Churchill
993:Winston Churchill
763:Western Australia
562:confidence motion
511:Nationalist Party
452:federal elections
436:
435:
423:Political parties
231:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
5512:
5339:Keep Sydney Open
5304:Free Trade Party
5208:Public Education
5141:(LA: 25, LC: 10)
5106:
5105:
5104:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5071:
4981:United Christian
4893:Renewable Energy
4883:Referendum First
4748:Mature Australia
4603:Defence Movement
4340:Queensland Labor
4335:Protestant Labor
4305:Northern Country
4270:National Liberal
4250:Liberal Movement
4135:Australian Party
4082:United Australia
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3956:
3813:Australian Party
3788:Free Trade Party
3709:Norfolk Liberals
3635:
3268:
3152:Malcolm Turnbull
3139:Malcolm Turnbull
3122:Alexander Downer
3054:
3044:
3035:
3028:
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3012:
2985:
2976:
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2928:
2917:10.2307/27508008
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2288:
2286:
2284:
2279:on 11 March 2019
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2253:on 20 March 2020
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1249:
1203:the state branch
1195:Democratic Party
1129:Governor-General
1065:Alexander Wilson
930:Second World War
875:Sydney Institute
802:Lyons government
796:Lyons government
751:Australian Party
711:, and architect
643:Great Depression
499:Great Depression
409:
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5454:Politics portal
5440:
5324:Independent EFF
5232:Defunct parties
5227:
5192:
5186:
5147:(LA: 11, LC: 5)
5110:
5102:
5100:
5098:
5068:
5063:
5054:Politics portal
5044:Current Parties
5035:
5006:What Women Want
4933:Smokers' Rights
4848:People's (Vic.)
4838:Pensioner Power
4708:Independent EFF
4633:Drug Law Reform
4528:Carers Alliance
4410:
4404:
4380:Unite Australia
4375:Socialist Labor
4355:Residents Rally
4295:North Australia
4245:Liberal Country
4235:Lang Labor (SA)
4110:Australia Party
4092:
4086:
3995:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3953:
3948:
3827:
3771:
3728:
3682:
3663:South Australia
3648:New South Wales
3634:State divisions
3633:
3627:
3561:Shadow cabinets
3556:
3420:
3364:
3276:Malcolm Ritchie
3266:
3260:
3251:Josh Frydenberg
3191:William McMahon
3169:
3084:William McMahon
3052:
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2979:
2952:
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2880:
2873:
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2852:
2846:
2832:Henderson, Anne
2830:
2827:
2825:Further reading
2822:
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2809:
2800:
2799:
2795:
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2778:
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2763:
2761:
2760:on 26 June 2012
2752:
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2372:
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2369:on 8 April 2019
2361:
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2344:
2340:
2330:Brian Carroll;
2329:
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2308:
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2305:on 21 July 2019
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2092:
2088:
2080:
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2068:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2039:Communist Party
2025:. Having taken
2016:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1938:
1908:
1880:
1852:
1826:
1814:
1791:
1774:
1763:
1743:
1742:9 October 1941
1723:
1709:
1696:
1681:
1672:9 October 1941
1660:
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1627:
1612:
1598:
1575:
1562:
1561:Prime Minister
1543:
1531:
1526:
1480:
1477:
1457:coalition with
1456:
1455:
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1408:coalition with
1407:
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1380:
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1359:coalition with
1358:
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1116:
1107:
987:Prime Minister
981:
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953:
947:
899:
891:Menzies Cabinet
839:
804:
798:
729:Charles McGrath
674:
613:
603:
598:
546:hung parliament
464:prime ministers
448:political party
432:
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5163:Animal Justice
5160:
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5153:(LA: 3, LC: 4)
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4958:Tasmania First
4955:
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4683:Hear Our Voice
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4588:Deadly Serious
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4360:Revenue Tariff
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4260:Majority Labor
4257:
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4240:Liberal (1922)
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4062:National Labor
4059:
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4027:Fusion Liberal
4024:
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3350:Richard Alston
3347:
3345:Alan Stockdale
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3312:
3307:
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3300:Robert Southey
3297:
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3292:Philip McBride
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3285:W. H. Anderson
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3177:
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3174:Deputy Leaders
3171:
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3162:
3159:Scott Morrison
3155:
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3141:
3136:
3134:Brendan Nelson
3131:
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3119:
3114:
3112:Andrew Peacock
3109:
3104:
3102:Andrew Peacock
3099:
3096:Malcolm Fraser
3092:
3087:
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3073:
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3063:Robert Menzies
3058:
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3048:
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3015:
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3008:
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2990:External links
2988:
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2909:Labour History
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2454:A. W. Martin.
2446:
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2406:
2380:
2354:
2346:Anne Henderson
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2029:following the
2000:
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1970:
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1962:
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1957:14 April 1944
1955:
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1942:
1933:
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1927:14 April 1944
1925:
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1905:
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1900:
1899:20 March 1939
1897:
1894:
1893:Kooyong, Vic.
1891:
1884:
1879:Robert Menzies
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:Kooyong, Vic.
1863:
1856:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1839:
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1817:Deputy Leader
1813:
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1801:
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1787:Kooyong, Vic.
1785:
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1773:Robert Menzies
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1638:Robert Menzies
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1030:Archie Cameron
989:Robert Menzies
977:Main article:
974:
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956:Robert Menzies
949:Main article:
946:
943:
915:militant Japan
913:in Europe and
898:
895:
871:Anne Henderson
838:
835:
812:Prime Minister
800:Main article:
797:
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709:Robert Menzies
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195:Merger of
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180:31 August 1945
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5279:Conservatives
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5116:Parliamentary
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4779:
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4753:Mental Health
4751:
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4578:CountryMinded
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4498:Aus. People's
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4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4150:Centre (Tas.)
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Protectionist
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Liberal Union
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:Major parties
3998:
3994:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Liberal Union
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:Chris McDiven
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Richard Casey
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Phillip Lynch
3204:
3202:
3201:Billy Snedden
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:Eric Harrison
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:Billy Snedden
3088:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3036:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2911:(20): 17–24.
2910:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2883:
2882:Martin, A. W.
2879:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2858:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2845:9781742231426
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2736:Souter, Gavin
2731:
2728:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2663:0-582-81008-6
2660:
2654:
2651:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2562:9781864480399
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2538:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2118:Williams 1967
2115:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2098:Williams 1967
2095:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2072:, p. 46.
2071:
2066:
2063:
2056:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1936:Eric Harrison
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:(birth–death)
1824:
1821:
1820:
1811:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1597:7 April 1939
1590:
1584:
1574:
1567:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:(birth–death)
1541:
1538:
1537:
1529:Party leaders
1528:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1482:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1459:Country Party
1453:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:Joseph Lyons
1414:
1411:
1410:Country Party
1404:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:Joseph Lyons
1365:
1362:
1361:Country Party
1355:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:1949 election
1232:
1231:1946 election
1227:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1073:Arthur Fadden
1070:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:1940 election
1033:
1031:
1026:
1025:Richard Casey
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1003:
994:
990:
985:
980:
972:
970:
968:
964:
959:
957:
952:
944:
942:
940:
936:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
903:
896:
894:
892:
888:
882:
880:
876:
872:
867:
865:
861:
856:
848:
843:
836:
834:
831:
829:
825:
821:
820:Country Party
817:
813:
809:
803:
795:
793:
791:
786:
779:
775:
774:James Scullin
770:
766:
764:
760:
756:
755:Stanley Bruce
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
705:Ambrose Pratt
702:
698:
689:
686:prior to the
685:
684:
678:
671:
669:
667:
663:
658:
656:
655:Otto Niemeyer
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:James Scullin
636:
632:
628:
621:
617:
612:
608:
600:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
578:1943 election
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
558:Arthur Fadden
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:1940 election
539:
538:1937 election
535:
534:1934 election
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
460:Country Party
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
412:
407:
397:
395:
391:
386:
376:
374:
370:
367:
361:
357:
351:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
319:
315:
313:
310:
307:
303:
300:
296:
293:
289:
286:
282:
281:
279:
277:
273:
264:
257:
254:
250:
246:
245:30 Ash Street
243:
239:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
219:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
197:
193:
179:
175:
171:
167:
159:
158:Eric Harrison
155:
150:
145:
141:
137:
135:
133:
129:
128:
126:
124:
123:Deputy Leader
120:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
85:
83:
79:
78:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5430:
5259:Centre Unity
4843:People Power
4758:Middle Class
4583:Curtin Labor
4568:Conservative
4548:Commonwealth
4533:Centre (NSW)
4523:Bullet Train
4508:Aus. Workers
4190:Family First
3817:
3760:Ginger Group
3745:Centre Right
3355:Nick Greiner
3320:John Elliott
3310:A. J. Forbes
3246:Julie Bishop
3165:Peter Dutton
3157:
3150:
3143:
3126:
3094:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
2981:
2958:
2940:(2): 39–52.
2937:
2933:
2908:
2887:
2869:
2855:
2835:
2810:. Retrieved
2805:
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2758:the original
2748:
2739:
2730:
2717:
2705:. Retrieved
2700:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2669:
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2637:the original
2627:
2615:. Retrieved
2611:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:the original
2547:
2540:
2528:. Retrieved
2501:. Retrieved
2497:the original
2464:. Retrieved
2459:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2427:
2397:. Retrieved
2393:the original
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2367:the original
2357:
2349:
2341:
2331:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:the original
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:the original
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2251:the original
2221:
2214:
2202:
2188:
2182:
2174:The Bulletin
2168:
2162:
2151:
2141:
2129:
2109:
2089:
2077:
2065:
2042:
2003:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1907:Billy Hughes
1841:Left office
1838:Took office
1793:
1745:
1737:North Sydney
1721:Billy Hughes
1692:
1691:
1662:
1623:
1622:
1600:
1573:Joseph Lyons
1558:Left office
1555:Took office
1515:
1509:Billy Hughes
1316:Joseph Lyons
1228:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1193:to form the
1187:
1175:
1148:Billy Hughes
1140:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1088:
1077:
1061:Arthur Coles
1057:
1034:
1014:
1006:
998:
973:World War II
960:
954:
927:
918:
908:
883:
868:
851:
832:
805:
787:
783:
747:Billy Hughes
736:
693:
683:The Bulletin
681:
666:Ted Theodore
659:
647:James Fenton
627:Joseph Lyons
625:
620:Joseph Lyons
574:Billy Hughes
554:independents
531:
507:independents
484:
468:Joseph Lyons
456:in coalition
443:
439:
437:
335:Centre-right
311:
292:Conservatism
241:Headquarters
130:
106:Billy Hughes
90:Joseph Lyons
80:
64:Abbreviation
40:
5376:No Land Tax
5366:Nationalist
5026:Yellow Vest
4943:State Labor
4788:Natural Law
4728:Libertarian
4280:New Country
4067:Nationalist
3766:Lyons Forum
3369:Governments
3335:Shane Stone
3330:Tony Staley
3315:John Valder
3305:John Atwill
3296:J. E. Pagan
3231:Peter Reith
3226:Fred Chaney
3211:John Howard
3196:John Gorton
3186:Harold Holt
3145:Tony Abbott
3128:John Howard
3117:John Hewson
3107:John Howard
3077:John Gorton
3070:Harold Holt
2812:13 February
2681:29 November
1940:(1892–1974)
1910:(1862–1952)
1882:(1894–1978)
1868:7 May 1931
1854:(1877–1964)
1850:John Latham
1835:Electorate
1776:(1894–1978)
1764:(1941–1945)
1725:(1862–1952)
1697:(1939–1941)
1642:(1894–1978)
1628:(1932–1939)
1613:(1929–1932)
1594:7 May 1931
1577:(1879–1939)
1552:Electorate
1505:Opposition
1270:Government
1239:Ben Chifley
1132:Lord Gowrie
1091:Pacific War
1069:John Curtin
1021:World War I
967:Harold Holt
939:Lord Gowrie
864:Philip Game
743:John Latham
566:John Curtin
519:John Latham
259:Membership
225:Nationalist
202:Nationalist
160:(1944–1945)
142:(1931–1934)
140:John Latham
108:(1941–1943)
100:(1939–1941)
92:(1931–1939)
5469:Categories
5344:Lang Labor
5181:One Nation
4908:Republican
4678:Grey Power
4608:Democratic
4370:Single Tax
4230:Lang Labor
4022:Free Trade
3934:2015 (Sep)
3929:2015 (Feb)
3588:Peacock II
3547:Morrison 1
3537:Turnbull 1
3425:Ministries
3360:John Olsen
3288:Lyle Moore
3267:Presidents
3256:Sussan Ley
3216:Neil Brown
2899:0522844421
2786:17 October
2764:17 October
2707:11 January
2228:(Thesis).
2207:Tiver 1973
2134:Tiver 1973
2122:Tiver 1973
2114:Lloyd 1984
2102:Tiver 1973
2094:Lloyd 1984
2082:Lloyd 1984
2070:Tiver 1973
2057:References
2041:under the
1440:1,171,788
1391:1,214,526
1342:1,170,978
1298:1,145,083
1158:See also:
1143:opposition
923:coming war
887:Enid Lyons
879:Earle Page
824:Earle Page
733:John Price
721:Moses Gabb
672:Foundation
651:Lang Labor
601:Background
532:After the
515:opposition
487:1931 split
339:right-wing
299:Monarchism
285:Liberalism
207:Australian
5361:Motorists
5294:Democrats
5145:Nationals
5011:WikiLeaks
4738:Marijuana
4638:Earthsave
4160:Communist
3768:(defunct)
3762:(defunct)
3740:Moderates
3719:Young LNP
3699:Coalition
3603:Howard II
3578:Peacock I
3432:Menzies 4
2023:communism
1952:Wentworth
1832:Portrait
1549:Portrait
1252:Election
1035:With the
893:in 1951.
818:with the
790:Jack Lang
778:Jack Lang
725:Allan Guy
703:, writer
480:1939–1941
472:1932–1939
458:with the
428:Elections
406:1935–1938
385:1931–1934
350:Coalition
177:Dissolved
132:Full list
82:Full list
5264:Cyclists
4971:Together
4948:Stop CSG
4923:Services
4365:SA First
4320:Progress
3733:Factions
3673:Victoria
3668:Tasmania
3613:Turnbull
3583:Howard I
3512:Howard 1
3492:Fraser 1
3477:Gorton 1
3416:Morrison
3411:Turnbull
2973:20634106
2934:Politics
2925:27508008
2884:(1993).
2834:(2011).
2738:(1988).
2021:against
1491:927,049
1017:RG Casey
995:in 1941.
276:Ideology
5309:Fishing
5183:(LC: 1)
5177:(LC: 1)
5171:(LC: 1)
5165:(LC: 1)
5159:(LC: 2)
5139:Liberal
5118:parties
4663:Fishing
4658:Federal
3776:History
3568:Snedden
3487:McMahon
3391:McMahon
3376:Menzies
3053:Leaders
2643:28 June
2592:28 June
2530:28 June
2503:28 June
2466:28 June
2439:28 June
2399:28 June
2373:28 June
2309:28 June
2283:28 June
2257:28 June
2194:The Sun
2047:Liberal
1693:Himself
1656:, Vic.
1654:Kooyong
1624:Himself
1609:Scullin
1591:, Tas.
1534:Leader
1524:Leaders
1478:14 / 74
1427:23 / 74
1378:28 / 74
1329:28 / 74
1285:34 / 75
1273:Leader
911:fascism
873:of the
596:History
572:, with
489:in the
400:26 / 36
379:34 / 76
359:Colours
261:(1940s)
235:Liberal
185: (
169:Founded
5254:Centre
5151:Greens
5131:: 45,
4888:Reform
4853:Pirate
4798:No GST
4763:Mutual
3623:Dutton
3618:Abbott
3608:Nelson
3598:Downer
3593:Hewson
3573:Fraser
3532:Abbott
3467:Holt 1
3406:Abbott
3401:Howard
3396:Fraser
3386:Gorton
2971:
2923:
2896:
2842:
2808:. 2022
2661:
2559:
2033:, the
2027:office
1954:, NSW
1825:Leader
1761:Curtin
1739:, NSW
1710:(1941)
1706:Fadden
1682:(1939)
1589:Wilmot
1563:(term)
1542:Leader
1261:Votes
1255:Seats
1051:. The
862:, Sir
474:) and
394:Senate
363:
312:1940s:
270:22,500
249:Sydney
73:Leader
5436:Unity
5203:HEART
5194:NSWEC
5135:: 15)
5125:Labor
4385:Unity
2969:JSTOR
2921:JSTOR
2874:(PDF)
2860:(PDF)
2617:8 May
2226:(PDF)
1967:Notes
1494:22.5
1443:30.2
1394:33.7
1345:32.9
1301:36.1
1267:Rank
1179:writs
1099:Crete
1095:Greek
5314:Flux
4693:Hope
4443:Arts
3944:2022
3939:2018
3924:2009
3919:2008
3914:2007
3909:1995
3904:1994
3899:1993
3894:1990
3889:1989
3884:1987
3879:1985
3874:1983
3869:1982
3864:1975
3859:1972
3854:1971
3849:1969
3844:1968
3839:1966
3381:Holt
2894:ISBN
2840:ISBN
2814:2024
2788:2012
2766:2012
2709:2009
2683:2019
2659:ISBN
2645:2013
2619:2019
2594:2013
2557:ISBN
2532:2013
2505:2013
2468:2013
2441:2013
2401:2013
2375:2013
2311:2013
2285:2013
2259:2013
2012:and
1822:No.
1770:(2)
1678:Page
1539:No.
1502:2nd
1472:1943
1451:2nd
1421:1940
1402:2nd
1372:1937
1353:1st
1323:1934
1309:1st
1279:1931
1258:+/–
1097:and
1063:and
776:and
731:and
609:and
438:The
366:Blue
5299:EFI
5213:SBP
2942:doi
2913:doi
1295:34
1082:'s
822:of
482:).
444:UAP
337:to
67:UAP
5471::
5133:LC
5129:LA
3462:10
2967:.
2963:.
2957:.
2938:24
2936:.
2919:.
2804:.
2699:.
2610:.
2571:^
2551:.
2513:^
2476:^
2458:.
2409:^
2348:;
2319:^
2238:^
2150:.
2116:;
2096:;
1932:4
1904:3
1876:2
1846:1
1717:3
1634:2
1569:1
1488:9
1437:5
1388:0
1339:6
1264:%
1209:.
1138:.
1012:.
749:'
727:,
723:,
657:.
466::
251:,
247:,
5127:(
5093:e
5086:t
5079:v
3978:e
3971:t
3964:v
3552:2
3542:2
3527:4
3522:3
3517:2
3507:4
3502:3
3497:2
3482:2
3472:2
3457:9
3452:8
3447:7
3442:6
3437:5
3034:e
3027:t
3020:v
2975:.
2948:.
2944::
2927:.
2915::
2902:.
2848:.
2816:.
2790:.
2768:.
2711:.
2685:.
2647:.
2621:.
2596:.
2565:.
2534:.
2507:.
2470:.
2443:.
2403:.
2377:.
2313:.
2287:.
2261:.
2232:.
2156:.
1798:)
1794:(
1750:)
1746:(
1667:)
1663:(
690:.
478:(
470:(
442:(
408:)
404:(
387:)
383:(
189:)
134::
84::
38:.
20:)
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