302:, expressed concerns about the rising costs of the decadal census. There were also concerns about the value of continuing with the traditional approach adopted for the 2011 census. This included whether collection methods were still fit for purpose in a rapidly changing society and whether census outputs, based on a survey conducted every ten years, would continue to meet the increasingly demanding needs of public and private sector users. Emerging technological developments were seen as providing alternative and improved data gathering opportunities. These concerns and opportunities led the UK Government to question if a supplementary or wholly alternative approach to the traditional 10-yearly census was required; more frequent, possibly annual, small-scale surveys could be employed instead.
1110:, complained about what he perceived to be anomalies in the data on the 0.5% who identified as transgender, when disaggregated by local authority and other factors. He questioned whether the ONS had adequately tested the gender identity question with respondents for whom English is a second language. Biggs said that according to his analysis of the data, overall, people from an immigrant background, who do not speak English as their first language, were found to be five times more likely to be recorded as transgender and 1 in 67 Muslims were recorded as transgender, which he said was "not plausible".
588:
data as part as proposed legislation affecting administrative programmes. Issues identified also included the accuracy of administrative data sets for geographical areas below that of local authorities, problems associated with estimation and the use of address registers. ONS on behalf of the UK Statistics
Authority has taken on board the recommendations of the Skinner Report into methodology work and has proposed three research strands to determine the 'optimum blend' of online census, administrative data and surveying methods for the 2021 census and indeed subsequent censuses.
745:
1117:(OSR), which oversees the ONS, began an examination of Biggs' concerns about the statistics, including the reported result that 262,000 identify as transgender in England and Wales. Biggs said: "I'm 99 per cent sure that misinterpretation has had a significant impact in inflating the numbers." The ONS said that "while the question on gender identity was tested thoroughly, it is possible that individual responses were affected by different interpretations of the question."
365:
census would be conducted on the same day in
England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland to ensure coherence and consistency. There is a legal requirement to complete the 2011 census questionnaire, under the terms of the Census Act 1920. As at 21 March 2021 everyone who had lived or intended to live in the country for three months or more was required to complete a questionnaire. Failure to return a completed questionnaire could lead to a fine and criminal record.
892:
854:
707:
263:
477:
322:
by the further use of administrative and survey data. Existing census gathering methods would be used only as an alternative, where online methods are not feasible. A parallel announcement for
Scotland's 2021 census was made by the National Records for Scotland. The ONS Director, Population and Demography Statistics was reported as saying that an estimated 60–65% of household returns would be completed online.
127:
1315:
36:
1054:
Wales, and the overall population of the United
Kingdom was estimated to be 67 million. The census also showed that the population of the two countries, aged 65 and over, had surpassed the number of children aged 15 and under for the first time, with 11.1 million people aged 65 and over compared with 10.4 million aged under 15.
1305:
269:
268:
265:
264:
2634:
270:
344:
administrative data gathering option as a transitional approach and asked the
National Statistician to ensure sufficient research is undertaken both prior to and after the 2021 census to find and validate alternative methods to replace the traditional national census and intermediate surveying approach.
1006:
has come under criticism for the way the census has been conducted, with some news outlets describing the results as being "botched" due to record low turnout rates and failing to meet the set target return rate of 94%. Initial turnout rates for the census in
Scotland concluded with 79% return rate;
343:
welcomed the recommendations for a predominantly online 2021 census for
England and Wales supplemented by the use of governmental and other administrative data in a letter to the National Statistician in July 2014. He made clear that the Government saw the dual-running decennial national census with
396:
aimed to change the wording of the census question on religion. This campaign encouraged non-religious people to tick 'no religion' in order to create a more accurate portrayal of religiousness in the UK. Another campaign by the
Climate Census campaign group suggested writing in 'Climate concerned'
321:
In 2014, the UK Statistics
Authority announced the recommendation from the Beyond 2011 Programme that there should be a decennial-style 2021 census in England and Wales, which in contrast with earlier censuses, would be conducted predominantly through online completion of census forms, supplemented
1120:
In
September 2023, reporting initial findings of the OSR investigation, its head Ed Humpherson wrote of the ONS team responsible for "quality assurance": "with more time to look at all combinations of variables, for example looking at gender identity and ethnicity, it may have identified areas for
580:
was the first decennial census in the United Kingdom to include the option of completing the census documentation online. Across the UK between 15 and 19% of census forms were submitted online. The UK Statistics Authority proposed that the 2021 census should be conducted predominantly online (with
420:
In March 2021, Fair Play for Women, a campaign group against self-identification, applied for judicial review in England and Wales and argued that such incidental self-identification should not be allowed in census-taking. In the absence of opposition or intervention from any interested party, the
1053:
Initial results, released in June 2022, showed the recorded population of England and Wales to be 59,597,300 (56,489,800 in England and 3,107,500 in Wales), a rise of 6.3% or 3.5 million people over the previous decade. This was the largest population ever recorded through a census in England and
587:
Research commissioned by the Beyond 2011 programme identified that there were risks associated with over-reliance on administrative data drawn from governmental department sources due to process changes, such as benefits and welfare payments and the necessity to include full access to statistical
364:
to determine the arrangements for census-taking in England and Wales. Parallel legislative procedures will be required in the devolved administrations of Scotland and Northern Ireland. It would be late 2015 at the earliest before regulations were made. Subject to this legislation being passed the
591:
The UK Statistics Authority has commissioned research strands as part of a census transformation programme which was due to report by 2017 relating to the 2021 census operation, the shape of population statistics in 2021, and the shape of population statistics beyond 2021 in the lead up to 2031.
433:
In Scotland, similar pieces of guidance have been published since the previous census in 2011. The Scottish Parliament also sought to amend the census Act in 2019 to clarify the meaning of sex in that legislation to include gender identity. The plan was abandoned and changes were instead made in
1147:
published the first results on 14 September 2023. They will publish further results from Scotland's 2022 census from spring 2024 onwards. The first results, on 21 May 2024, will be population estimates at output areas, as well as topical data about Ethnic group, national identity, language and
840:
The NISRA has published a report reviewing the 2011 census and other online-orientated censuses abroad and identified the importance of such things as pre-census publicity, the use of a unique internet code or ePin, and a coordinated promotion and follow up process during the census completion
267:
1078:
Results on sexual orientation and gender identity questions were released on 6 January 2023. Similarly to the religion question, this question was voluntary but was answered by 92.5% of the population of England and Wales. 89.4% of the population described themselves as
581:
support provided for those unable to complete the census online), supplemented by the use of administrative and survey data and improve annual statistics between censuses. For the census in 2021 the proposed target for online completion has been set to at least 65%.
2631:
438:
issued guidelines regarding the sex question in the 2022 Scottish census. The guidance states that "If you are transgender the answer you give can be different from what is on your birth certificate. You do not need a Gender Recognition Certificate (GRC)". The
643:. The contract was estimated to be worth around £65.1m. The parent company of Leidos Innovations UK, Leidos (an American defence, aviation, information technology, and biomedical research company), merged with Lockheed Martin's IT sector in August 2016.
2615:
1582:
424:
Some academics criticised what they said was the ONS's confusion between the concepts of sex and gender identity. Other academics supported the design of the census questions, for example, on the ground that the transgender population is very small.
2727:
1496:
1477:
629:
Alongside this programme trials of statistics generation using administrative data were planned starting from the autumn of 2015 and running through to 2021 with the aim of ranging across the breadth, detail and accuracy of census outputs.
638:
The contract for preparing, dispatching up to 16 million paper questionnaire packs (for anyone who did not want to, or could not access the census online), and then securely managing, capturing and digitising the responses was awarded to
461:
dismissed the case on 17 February 2022 stating that there was "no general rule or principle of law that a question as to a person's sex may only properly be answered by reference to the sex stated on that person's birth certificate or
686:) was launched under the slogan of "it's about us" at the start of 2021. Television adverts tried to show a diverse range of people in various locations in England and Wales in front of a purple fabric screen, with a cover version of
2460:
1103:, reported that in the 16 to 24 age group, 1% answered 'No' to the question. She said that females were more likely than males to answer 'No' in that age group, whereas in other age groups females were more likely to answer 'Yes'.
2596:
2499:
1121:
additional probing and analysis." Humpherson added, "The communication of uncertainty should be strengthened". An anonymous government source said they believed the number 260,000 of transgender people was "hugely overstated".
1007:
an additional round of extension to filling out the census was granted to encourage returns, raising the return rate percentage to 89%. The return rate for comparison in England and Wales was 97%. However national statistician
2758:
336:, that the 2021 census should go ahead. It had reservations over the lack of investigation into the options for using administrative data and encouraged the UK Government to reassure the public about privacy concerns.
2326:
3118:
1057:
Results of the question on religion were published on 29 November 2022. The question was voluntary but was answered by 94.0% of the population of England and Wales. 46.2% of the population described themselves as
235:, in part because the information obtained would assist government and public understanding of the pandemic's impact. The census-taking in Scotland was postponed, and took place in 2022 because of the pandemic.
2672:
309:
was established to look at alternatives to the traditional census approach. The UK Statistics Authority coordinated the project which was also undertaken by its counterparts in the devolved administrations of
2789:
2612:
1579:
1306:"The census and future provision of population statistics in England and Wales: Recommendation from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, and the government's response"
3813:
1070:". 37.2% of the population asserted that they had "no religion". In Wales, there were more people declaring that they had "no religion" (47%) than those affirming a Christian identity or any other religion.
249:
Initial results for England and Wales were released on 28 June 2022. Results for Scotland were expected to be released in March 2023; however this deadline was missed without explanation and in August 2023
266:
1011:
has said that despite not meeting the target, the census could still provide "really good data". The additional round of extension cost the Scottish Government an additional £6m, and £148m in total.
2719:
1451:
1099:). The remaining 7.5% did not answer. 0.5% answered 'No' to the census question 'Is the gender you identify with the same as your sex registered at birth?' Alice Sullivan, professor of sociology at
1493:
1474:
381:
2392:
1999:
2359:
2550:
1475:
The census and future provision of population statistics in England and Wales: Recommendation from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority 27 March 2013
2988:
1541:
2593:
2210:
1610:
3997:
3013:
1672:
673:
Voluntary question for 16 and over: Is the gender you identify with the same as your sex registered at birth? This is in addition to the compulsory question about respondents' sex.
2927:
2750:
2653:
2449:
3059:
2488:
142:
2316:
2697:
2293:
3125:
3594:
1218:
246:
to assess the value, cost, and alternatives to a census in 2021. The project recommended a census in 2021, and amongst other organisations, suggested it be run online.
2669:
2781:
3092:
1366:
1245:
1133:
834:
779:
224:
162:
3427:
1563:
1513:
3788:
1340:
413:
is already recognised in some countries. A gender marker on a British passport can be changed in a less formal procedure than acquiring a legally enforceable
3630:
3556:
2958:
2032:
1124:
In September 2024, the OSR removed official accreditation of the gender identity statistics, classifying them instead as official statistics in development.
651:
was contracted by ONS to recruit, train and administer the pay for the 30,000 temporary ONS workers who would be working as field staff for the 2021 census.
2894:
1448:
3990:
2382:
1991:
329:
2349:
421:
judge ordered an interim revision of the guidance. The government conceded and accepted the order. The ONS withdrew from the High Court proceedings.
3557:
Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021: The religion of usual residents and household religious composition in England and Wales, Census 2021 data
2546:
3729:
1936:
4295:
2980:
1538:
3456:
2839:
369:
326:
3391:
3264:
3983:
2202:
1600:
451:
3020:
1633:
1182:
454:
put "extreme external pressure" on Scottish civil servants including chief statistician Roger Halliday to amend their initial proposals.
4290:
4285:
2919:
2650:
3617:
A total of 262,000 people (0.5%) answered "No", indicating that their gender identity was different from their sex registered at birth.
4223:
3177:
3096:
3048:
1162:
231:
in Scotland. These were the first British censuses for which most of the data was gathered online. Two of them went ahead despite the
2133:
4228:
1250:
660:
76:
409:
for the 2021 census. The guidance provided that a respondent should answer according to official documents such as their passport.
564:
The UK Statistics Authority has the responsibility for coordinating the census arrangements across the United Kingdom through the
3814:"OSR Publishes its Final Report on the Review of the Statistics Collected on Gender Identity During the England and Wales Census"
1114:
1033:
no longer carries out a decennial census, instead using the Rolling Electronic Census Project to produce regular census reports.
980:. A rehearsal was conducted on 7 October 2019 and closed for returns on 7 November 2019 in three local authority areas: parts of
361:
2689:
2283:
4213:
4118:
4014:
3669:
1420:
447:
340:
58:
3569:
4108:
3760:
3698:
3604:
2424:
1494:
The census and future provision of population statistics in England and Wales UK Statistics Authority published 27 March 2014
1310:
1210:
1067:
584:
Research has been under way since 2011 to design a new census methodology which maximises the success of an online approach.
565:
514:
220:
156:
3207:
1398:
2720:"Lockheed Martin Successfully Closes Transaction to Separate and Combine IT and Technical Services Businesses with Leidos"
458:
1358:
744:
384:
makes the same provision for England and Wales. The sexual orientation question would also be asked in Northern Ireland.
4259:
4006:
1821:"The Growth of the Anti-Transgender Movement in the United Kingdom. The Silent Radicalization of the British Electorate"
1428:
1157:
1144:
973:
926:
435:
251:
228:
168:
295:
4233:
3890:
2577:
1063:
463:
414:
3329:
2524:
1517:
1280:
54:
3152:
1337:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4103:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4049:
3599:
2257:
1557:
410:
291:
105:
3915:
2950:
2022:
1969:
1742:
1100:
807:
Ravenhill and Queens (Belfast); Armagh, Banbridge and Craigavon (Craigavon); Fermanagh and Omagh (West Fermanagh)
446:
In November 2021, the Murray Blackburn Mackenzie (MBM) policy collective claimed that documents obtained via the
357:
306:
4044:
4039:
4034:
3941:
2883:
4249:
2095:"Should trans people be postmodernist in the streets but positivist in the spreadsheets? A reply to Sullivan"
4096:
440:
279:
243:
3482:
4300:
4054:
476:
46:
3508:
2855:
1928:
985:
691:
1764:
891:
2232:
1106:
In April 2023, when more granular data became available, Michael Biggs, professor of sociology at the
3765:
1107:
981:
2835:
2027:
1003:
996:
3232:
1514:"Plans for a Census in Scotland in 2021 National Records for Scotland Press Release 27 March 2014"
2183:
2125:
2075:
1664:
989:
644:
377:
3401:
3339:
3274:
2805:
2594:
2011 Census: Percentage of individual returns via paper and internet questionnaires in England
2175:
2117:
1909:
1842:
1716:
1656:
299:
232:
3452:
995:
The census was scheduled to take place on 21 March 2021, but was delayed in July 2020 by the
2354:
2167:
2109:
2067:
1899:
1832:
1706:
1699:"Constructing a queer population? Asking about sexual orientation in Scotland's 2022 census"
1648:
1020:
648:
315:
212:
3169:
3084:
2751:"UK's Office For National Statistics And Lockheed Martin UK Successfully Deliver UK Census"
1087:" and 0.3% were described as having "other sexual orientation" (with the most common being
17:
4264:
4218:
4208:
4029:
3865:
3156:
2868:
2817:
2676:
2657:
2638:
2619:
2600:
2581:
2094:
1888:"The toilet debate: Stalling trans possibilities and defending 'women's protected spaces'"
1794:
1586:
1567:
1545:
1500:
1481:
1455:
1344:
1080:
353:
1240:
556:
An appeal by Fair Play for Women was refused by the Inner House of the Court of Session.
2317:"Equality and Human Rights Commission had 'heavy-handed' influence on gender questions"
683:
577:
275:
200:
2981:"M&C Saatchi campaign for 2021 UK census features more than 200 members of public"
853:
706:
4279:
3734:
3703:
2187:
2129:
2079:
1668:
1652:
1359:"Scottish Census: What it is, what it means and how to complete once-a-decade survey"
2158:
Hines, Sally (21 May 2020). "Counting the cost of difference: a reply to Sullivan".
1211:"Release plans: Our proposed plans for the release of Census 2021 data and analysis"
694:", performed by Jose McGill & The Vagaband, featuring as the advert soundtrack.
600:
A work programme running until 2024, comprising eight phases, was developed by ONS.
397:
in response to the religion question, to demand climate action from the government.
3839:
2575:
The Future Provision of Census of Population Information for Northern Ireland NISRA
2387:
1605:
1088:
393:
126:
2414:
2171:
2113:
2071:
1837:
1820:
1711:
1698:
1539:
Report from ‘Counting the population: the 2021 Census and beyond’ event 1 May 2014
219:
took place 364 days later on 20 March 2022. The censuses were administered by the
203:. Beginning in 1801, they have been recorded every 10 years. The 2021 censuses of
457:
In December 2021, Fair Play for Women applied for a judicial review in Scotland.
4254:
3789:"Census records trans population in England and Wales – but accuracy is doubted"
3364:
3299:
3199:
2055:
1388:
1084:
1037:
1008:
687:
495:
373:
239:
3975:
1148:
religion. It is expected that the rest of the data would be published in 2024.
3730:"Why does the census say there are more trans people in Newham than Brighton?"
1092:
1059:
1040:
also undertook a full census in 2021 (having held an interim census in 2016).
3405:
3343:
3278:
2179:
2121:
2056:"Sex and the census: Why surveys should not conflate sex and gender identity"
1913:
1904:
1887:
1846:
1720:
1660:
1561:– UK Parliament Public Administration Committee Report Published 9 April 2014
3675:
3631:"England and Wales census counts trans and non-binary people for first time"
3396:
3334:
3269:
2670:
Planning for 2021 – slides 15/17 – ONS Powerpoint Presentation November 2014
2321:
2288:
3840:"Census may have overestimated number of trans people in England and Wales"
2690:"Leidos to support the 2021 Census for England, Wales and Northern Ireland"
2574:
2547:"Court appeal over census sex question rejected by judges 24 February 2022"
2782:"The ONS Appoints the Adecco Group UK&I to Staff the 2021 Census Team"
1580:
Beyond 2011 Research Conference 2014: Summary of proceedings – August 2014
1272:
963:
254:
announced that the initial results were to be released 14 September 2023.
3530:
3150:
2419:
2383:"Transgender people can self-identify in Scottish census, confirms judge"
1393:
1030:
977:
311:
216:
1860:
1735:"If you're not religious, say so! Tick 'No religion' in the 2021 Census"
1961:
1734:
405:
The Office for National Statistics published an online guidance titled
204:
2920:"The Office for National Statistics: It's about us by M&C Saatchi"
2350:"Legal challenge by women's group over census sex question thrown out"
1992:"Guidance on sex question in census must be changed, high court rules"
568:(ONS), which is also responsible for the census in England and Wales.
282:, on how the census results will help to inform the decisions made in
1024:
789:
640:
524:
2203:"Hundreds of academics back self-ID sex question in Scottish census"
3392:"Scotland's census closes 6% short after spending £6m on extension"
1929:"UK gov't concedes defeat to Fair Play For Women in census sex row"
3428:"'Lessons must be learned' after 2022 census costs Scotland £148m"
1096:
659:
The general style of the questionnaire was similar to that of the
443:
wrote to National Records of Scotland to question the guidelines.
283:
261:
208:
3478:
3265:"Audit Scotland confirms botched census will cost millions more"
2613:
Beyond 2011 Research Conference 2014: Summary of proceedings ONS
2444:
2442:
1449:
Background to Beyond 2011 Office for National Statistics website
944:
Dumfries and Galloway, Glasgow City, Whole of Na h-Eileanan Siar
3979:
2483:
2481:
848:
701:
29:
3531:"Census: Population of England and Wales grew 6% in a decade"
3504:
2233:"Counting Trans Populations | Division of Prevention Science"
1601:"Holyrood backs new census questions on transgender identity"
382:
Census (Return Particulars and Removal of Penalties) Act 2019
3972:– Office for National Statistics website for the 2021 census
3570:"More Non-religious in Wales than Christians in 2021 Census"
2415:"Legal challenge to Scottish census sex question thrown out"
2023:"ONS backs down on 'what is your sex?' Census legal dispute"
1772:
1027:
carried out a census on the same day as the 2021 UK census.
824:
670:
Voluntary question for 16 and over about sexual orientation.
3670:"Watchdog to examine 'implausible' UK census trans figures"
3008:
3006:
1962:"Census 2021: Judge orders change to sex question guidance"
3559:, release dated 29 November 2022, accessed 4 December 2022
3200:"Coronavirus: Census delayed by a year because of disease"
1389:"Coronavirus: Census delayed by a year because of disease"
1083:, 1.5% described themselves as "Gay or lesbian", 1.3% as "
3969:
1861:"It's now or never to defend female rights - here's why"
3699:"What the Census reveals about trans people in Britain"
3365:"Scottish census deadline extended after poor response"
1795:"Change your name or personal details on your passport"
865:
718:
182:
3300:"Lessons must be learned on low census rate - report"
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
2160:
International Journal of Social Research Methodology
2102:
International Journal of Social Research Methodology
2060:
International Journal of Social Research Methodology
1183:"The modern census - Office for National Statistics"
143:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
4242:
4201:
4180:
4117:
4022:
4013:
2884:"Preparing for the 2021 census (England and Wales)"
2836:"Preparing for the 2021 census (England and Wales)"
2570:
2568:
1132:Results for Northern Ireland were published by the
958:
948:
940:
932:
922:
914:
906:
898:
837:(NISRA) undertakes the census in Northern Ireland.
819:
811:
803:
795:
785:
775:
767:
759:
751:
663:, although there were some new questions for 2021:
546:
538:
530:
520:
510:
502:
491:
483:
392:The campaign 'If you're not religious, say so!' by
177:
148:
138:
133:
93:
3668:
3589:
3587:
3233:"Call for inquiry over Scotland's census 'fiasco'"
2632:Beyond 2011: Independent Review of Methodology ONS
2284:"Watchdog queries trans self-identify census plan"
3595:"Gender identity, England and Wales: Census 2021"
2525:"2019 Rehearsal - Office for National Statistics"
1074:Results on sexual orientation and gender identity
647:was awarded the contract for the census in 2011.
619:Collection operations (July 2020 – December 2021)
3043:
3041:
2951:"Norwich band perform in national census advert"
682:An advertising campaign (made under contract by
3870:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
2450:"Census 2021 Household Questionnaire (England)"
1246:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
1217:. Office for National Statistics. 24 May 2022.
1134:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
835:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
225:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
215:took place on 21 March 2021, and the census of
163:Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
3085:"Request individual access code - Census 2021"
1570:, Publications.parliament, Accessed 1 May 2014
1421:"Scotland's Census first outputs release date"
1205:
1203:
401:Legal challenge to 'What is your sex' guidance
372:made provisions for voluntary questions about
238:The censuses in 2021 and 2022 follows on from
3991:
3761:"Census 'hugely overstated' trans population"
2489:"Census 2021 Household Questionnaire (Wales)"
8:
884:
737:
622:Analysis, output and dissemination (2022–23)
607:Design and prototyping (ended December 2016)
542:Carlisle, Ceredigion, Hackney, Tower Hamlets
469:
286:and help to make Wales a more equal country.
57:. There might be a discussion about this on
3170:"Census Rehearsal 2019 | Scotland's Census"
1886:Jones, Charlotte; Slater, Jen (July 2020).
1634:"Sexual orientation and the 2021 UK census"
4019:
3998:
3984:
3976:
1338:The census during the coronavirus pandemic
910:Tim Ellis (as Registrar General, Scotland)
125:
27:2021–22 census of the population of the UK
3049:"NISRA - 2019 census rehearsa evaluation"
1903:
1836:
1710:
434:subordinate legislation. In August 2021,
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
3330:"Census data still useful, says adviser"
1357:Phoutinane, Ketsuda (26 February 2022).
400:
227:(NISRA) in Northern Ireland, and by the
3481:. States of Guernsey. 31 January 2018.
3149:About Us, National Records of Scotland
1956:
1954:
1641:European Journal of Politics and Gender
1174:
976:(NRS) is responsible for the census in
964:https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022
3511:from the original on 23 September 2020
2864:
2853:
2813:
2803:
2545:Mulholland, James (24 February 2022).
2296:from the original on 17 September 2021
2213:from the original on 11 September 2021
1318:from the original on 25 September 2020
1023:, and not part of the United Kingdom,
883:
736:
625:Evaluation / future planning (2023–24)
468:
370:Census (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2019
90:
3759:Malnick, Edward (23 September 2023).
3754:
3752:
3723:
3721:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3485:from the original on 14 February 2021
3479:"Population, Employment and Earnings"
3323:
3321:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3227:
3225:
3210:from the original on 18 February 2021
3065:from the original on 13 February 2021
2991:from the original on 12 February 2021
2961:from the original on 12 February 2021
2930:from the original on 12 February 2021
2829:
2827:
2761:from the original on 24 February 2022
2700:from the original on 24 February 2021
2553:from the original on 27 February 2022
2427:from the original on 18 February 2022
2395:from the original on 18 February 2022
2381:Carrell, Severin (17 February 2022).
2362:from the original on 18 February 2022
1589:, Ons.gov.uk, Accessed 31 August 2014
1458:, Ons.gov.uk, Retrieved 30 April 2014
1401:from the original on 15 November 2020
7:
3629:Booth and Goodier (6 January 2023).
3426:Tiwari, Vidushi (29 November 2022).
3180:from the original on 17 January 2021
2842:from the original on 7 February 2021
2730:from the original on 30 January 2021
2348:Pease, Victoria (17 February 2022).
2329:from the original on 4 November 2021
2258:"Sex question recommendation report"
1765:"Declare yourself Climate Concerned"
1484:, Ons.gov.uk, Accessed 23 April 2014
1425:National Records of Scotland website
1300:
1298:
667:Are the respondents ex-armed forces?
616:Rehearsal (January 2019 – June 2020)
452:Equality and Human Rights Commission
3838:Melley, James (13 September 2024).
3697:Sullivan, Alice (29 January 2023).
2900:from the original on 16 August 2021
2834:Barton, Cassie (13 February 2021).
2651:FAQ Census Transformation Programme
1613:from the original on 5 October 2019
1503:, Ons.gov.uk, Accessed 1 April 2014
223:(ONS) in England and Wales, by the
199:is the 23rd official census of the
2792:from the original on 17 April 2021
2505:from the original on 21 March 2022
2466:from the original on 21 March 2022
2315:Watson, Jeremy (4 November 2021).
2166:(5). Informa UK Limited: 533–538.
2108:(5). Informa UK Limited: 525–531.
2035:from the original on 19 March 2021
2002:from the original on 10 March 2021
1972:from the original on 10 March 2021
1927:Greenhalgh, Hugo (17 March 2021).
1825:International Journal of Sociology
1163:Demographics of the United Kingdom
999:because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
25:
3891:"Scotland's Census first results"
3787:Booth, Robert (8 November 2023).
3459:from the original on 26 June 2022
3119:"Scotlands Census - Question Set"
3099:from the original on 2 March 2021
2282:Horne, Marc (17 September 2021).
1939:from the original on 26 July 2021
1819:McLean, Craig (2 November 2021).
1745:from the original on 1 March 2021
1369:from the original on 3 March 2022
815:Household, individual, and others
3818:Office for Statistics Regulation
3572:. Humanists UK. 29 November 2022
3555:Office for National Statistics,
2139:from the original on 11 May 2022
1678:from the original on 11 May 2022
1653:10.1332/251510820X15845548424385
1336:Office for National Statistics,
1283:from the original on 21 May 2020
1253:from the original on 3 July 2017
1221:from the original on 29 May 2022
1115:Office for Statistics Regulation
890:
852:
743:
705:
698:2021 census for Northern Ireland
475:
34:
3728:Biggs, Michael (9 April 2023).
2949:Hardy, Ben (12 February 2021).
2201:Rodger, Hannah (4 April 2021).
341:Minister for the Cabinet Office
298:and the main opposition party,
4296:Censuses in the United Kingdom
3916:"National Records of Scotland"
3605:Office for National Statistics
1599:Brooks, Libby (13 June 2019).
1311:Office for National Statistics
1015:Censuses in Crown Dependencies
566:Office for National Statistics
415:gender recognition certificate
332:(PAC) concluded in its report
221:Office for National Statistics
157:Office for National Statistics
1:
3667:Beal, James (13 April 2023).
2172:10.1080/13645579.2020.1768344
2114:10.1080/13645579.2020.1768343
2072:10.1080/13645579.2020.1768346
2021:Lyons, Izzy (17 March 2021).
1838:10.1080/00207659.2021.1939946
1712:10.1080/09589236.2020.1866513
4007:Census in the United Kingdom
3920:National Records of Scotland
2093:Fugard, Andi (25 May 2020).
1559:Too soon to scrap the Census
1429:National Records of Scotland
1158:Census in the United Kingdom
1145:National Records of Scotland
974:National Records of Scotland
436:National Records of Scotland
334:Too soon to scrap the Census
252:National Records of Scotland
229:National Records of Scotland
169:National Records of Scotland
2679:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2641:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2622:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2603:, Accessed 30 December 2014
2584:, Accessed 30 December 2014
604:Research (ended March 2015)
18:United Kingdom census, 2021
4317:
4291:2021 in the United Kingdom
4286:2021 United Kingdom census
3600:United Kingdom Census 2021
3507:. Isle of Man Government.
2660:, Accessed 25 January 2015
1347:, accessed 30 January 2021
534:September – December 2019.
498:(as National Statistician)
448:Freedom of Information Act
197:2021 United Kingdom census
4260:Census Enumerators' Books
3942:"Census outputs schedule"
3159:, Accessed 4 October 2018
3014:"Household Questionnaire"
1703:Journal of Gender Studies
1632:Cooley, Laurence (2020).
1101:University College London
889:
825:https://census.gov.uk/ni/
742:
496:Professor Sir Ian Diamond
474:
358:United Kingdom Government
330:Public Accounts Committee
307:The Beyond 2011 Programme
124:
98:
4250:Annual Population Survey
3455:. Government of Jersey.
2675:31 December 2014 at the
2618:3 September 2014 at the
2599:30 December 2014 at the
2580:30 December 2014 at the
1905:10.1177/0038026120934697
1585:3 September 2014 at the
1499:10 November 2015 at the
1480:10 November 2015 at the
1454:26 November 2013 at the
1081:straight or heterosexual
845:2022 census for Scotland
655:Changes from 2011 census
327:British House of Commons
4224:1969 (Northern Ireland)
2724:Media - Lockheed Martin
1892:The Sociological Review
1566:27 October 2016 at the
1343:1 February 2021 at the
441:UK Statistics Authority
296:UK coalition government
280:First Minister of Wales
244:UK Statistics Authority
3174:Scotlandscensus.gov.uk
3155:4 October 2018 at the
2863:Cite journal requires
2656:7 October 2014 at the
287:
2054:Sullivan, A. (2020).
1697:Guyan, Kevin (2021).
1548:, Accessed 7 May 2014
986:Dumfries and Galloway
692:This Will Be Our Year
641:Leidos Innovations UK
596:Census work programme
273:
3766:The Sunday Telegraph
2423:. 17 February 2022.
1108:University of Oxford
923:Issuing organisation
776:Issuing organisation
572:2021 census research
550:Household and others
511:Issuing organisation
429:Position in Scotland
47:confusing or unclear
3131:on 11 February 2021
2955:Eastern Daily Press
2891:Parliament Research
2780:Group, The Adecco.
2237:prevention.ucsf.edu
2028:The Daily Telegraph
1867:. 25 September 2018
1865:Fair Play For Women
1004:Scottish Government
997:Scottish Government
886:
739:
471:
411:Self-identification
325:In April 2014, the
242:, a project by the
155:England and Wales:
134:General information
55:clarify the article
3306:. 29 November 2022
2985:Campaignlive.co.uk
2816:has generic name (
2749:Martin, Lockheed.
2637:8 May 2014 at the
1544:8 May 2014 at the
1273:"About the census"
990:Na h-Eileanan Siar
864:. You can help by
790:Leidos Innovations
717:. You can help by
645:Lockheed Martin UK
613:Development (2018)
525:Leidos Innovations
378:sexual orientation
374:transgender status
288:
274:An explanation by
161:Northern Ireland:
4273:
4272:
4197:
4196:
4190:
3946:Scotland's Census
3895:Scotland's Census
2262:Scotland's Census
1314:. 27 March 2014.
1049:England and Wales
1019:Although it is a
970:
969:
882:
881:
831:
830:
735:
734:
554:
553:
487:England and Wales
380:to be asked. The
368:In Scotland, the
271:
233:COVID-19 pandemic
193:
192:
119:
118:
115:2031 →
87:
86:
79:
16:(Redirected from
4308:
4188:
4020:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3977:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3725:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3672:
3664:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:. 6 January 2023
3591:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3566:
3560:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3325:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3260:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3206:. 17 July 2020.
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3166:
3160:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3124:. Archived from
3123:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3053:
3045:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3026:on 22 March 2021
3025:
3019:. Archived from
3018:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2899:
2888:
2882:Barton, Cassie.
2879:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2786:Prnewswire.co.uk
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2686:
2680:
2667:
2661:
2648:
2642:
2629:
2623:
2610:
2604:
2591:
2585:
2572:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2493:
2485:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2454:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2355:STV (TV channel)
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2099:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1998:. 9 March 2021.
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1968:. 9 March 2021.
1958:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1771:. Archived from
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1638:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1596:
1590:
1577:
1571:
1555:
1549:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1516:. Archived from
1510:
1504:
1491:
1485:
1472:
1459:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1397:. 17 July 2020.
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1354:
1348:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1179:
1136:in Spring 2023.
1128:Northern Ireland
1066:", and 1.7% as "
1021:Crown Dependency
966:
894:
887:
877:
874:
856:
849:
827:
755:Northern Ireland
747:
740:
730:
727:
709:
702:
479:
472:
450:showed that the
407:What is your Sex
356:, it is for the
316:Northern Ireland
272:
213:Northern Ireland
189:
186:
184:
129:
101:
100:
91:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
38:
37:
30:
21:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4265:UK Data Service
4238:
4193:
4176:
4113:
4009:
4004:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3889:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3769:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3666:
3665:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3635:theguardian.com
3628:
3627:
3623:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3592:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3554:
3550:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3488:
3486:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3462:
3460:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3436:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3410:
3408:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3374:
3372:
3371:. 28 April 2022
3363:
3362:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3262:
3261:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3157:Wayback Machine
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3100:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2862:
2852:
2845:
2843:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2812:
2802:
2795:
2793:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2677:Wayback Machine
2668:
2664:
2658:Wayback Machine
2649:
2645:
2639:Wayback Machine
2630:
2626:
2620:Wayback Machine
2611:
2607:
2601:Wayback Machine
2592:
2588:
2582:Wayback Machine
2573:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2330:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2264:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1778:
1776:
1775:on 4 March 2021
1763:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1587:Wayback Machine
1578:
1574:
1568:Wayback Machine
1556:
1552:
1546:Wayback Machine
1537:
1533:
1523:
1521:
1520:on 7 April 2014
1512:
1511:
1507:
1501:Wayback Machine
1492:
1488:
1482:Wayback Machine
1473:
1462:
1456:Wayback Machine
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1345:Wayback Machine
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1304:
1303:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1076:
1051:
1046:
1017:
962:
953:
941:Rehearsal Areas
878:
872:
869:
862:needs expansion
847:
823:
804:Rehearsal Areas
799:13 October 2019
731:
725:
722:
715:needs expansion
700:
684:M&C Saatchi
680:
657:
636:
598:
574:
562:
539:Rehearsal Areas
431:
403:
390:
354:Census Act 1920
350:
262:
260:
181:
173:
120:
99:
83:
72:
66:
63:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4314:
4312:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
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3964:External links
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3537:. 28 June 2022
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2066:(5): 517–524.
2046:
2013:
1983:
1950:
1919:
1898:(4): 834–851.
1878:
1852:
1831:(6): 473–482.
1811:
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1769:Climate Census
1756:
1726:
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1647:(3): 445–447.
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4266:
4263:
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4232:
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4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4189:(unconfirmed)
4186:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
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3922:. 31 May 2013
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1993:
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1920:
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1365:. Reach plc.
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1241:"2021 Census"
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933:Data supplier
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925:
921:
918:20 March 2022
917:
915:Census day(s)
913:
909:
905:
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897:
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888:
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873:February 2021
867:
863:
860:This section
858:
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786:Data supplier
784:
781:
778:
774:
771:21 March 2021
770:
768:Census day(s)
766:
763:Siobhán Carey
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
729:
726:February 2021
720:
716:
713:This section
711:
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693:
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541:
537:
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523:
521:Data supplier
519:
516:
513:
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506:21 March 2021
505:
503:Census day(s)
501:
497:
494:
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486:
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467:
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459:Lord Sandison
455:
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111:21 March 2021
109:
107:
104:←
103:
102:
97:
92:
89:
81:
78:
70:
60:
59:the talk page
56:
50:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
4171:
3949:. Retrieved
3945:
3936:
3924:. Retrieved
3919:
3910:
3898:. Retrieved
3894:
3885:
3873:. Retrieved
3869:
3860:
3850:15 September
3848:. Retrieved
3843:
3833:
3823:12 September
3821:. Retrieved
3817:
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3796:. Retrieved
3793:The Guardian
3792:
3782:
3772:24 September
3770:. Retrieved
3764:
3739:. Retrieved
3733:
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3674:
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3333:
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3241:. Retrieved
3236:
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3126:the original
3113:
3101:. Retrieved
3088:
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3056:Nisra.gov.uk
3055:
3028:. Retrieved
3021:the original
2993:. Retrieved
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2963:. Retrieved
2954:
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2932:. Retrieved
2923:
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2549:. stv news.
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2388:The Guardian
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2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2353:
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2331:. Retrieved
2320:
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2300:17 September
2298:. Retrieved
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2240:. Retrieved
2236:
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2217:11 September
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2141:. Retrieved
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1996:The Guardian
1995:
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1738:
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1604:
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1518:the original
1508:
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1434:11 September
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1424:
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1371:. Retrieved
1363:Daily Record
1362:
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1309:
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1062:", 6.5% as "
1056:
1052:
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1018:
1001:
994:
982:Glasgow City
971:
949:Census forms
870:
866:adding to it
861:
839:
832:
812:Census forms
723:
719:adding to it
714:
681:
658:
637:
628:
599:
590:
586:
583:
575:
563:
560:Coordination
555:
547:Census forms
456:
445:
432:
423:
419:
406:
404:
394:Humanists UK
391:
367:
351:
338:
333:
324:
320:
304:
289:
248:
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196:
194:
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88:
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67:January 2023
64:
53:Please help
44:
4255:Beyond 2011
4202:Census acts
4119:Unpublished
3970:Census 2021
3798:12 November
3515:16 November
3489:16 November
3463:16 November
2995:13 February
2965:13 February
2934:13 February
2904:13 February
2846:13 February
2814:|last=
2796:13 February
2765:13 February
2734:13 February
2704:13 February
2557:27 February
2431:18 February
2399:18 February
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1277:Census 2021
1192:17 February
1038:Isle of Man
1009:Ian Diamond
885:Census 2022
738:Census 2021
688:The Zombies
678:Advertising
661:2011 census
470:Census 2021
348:Legislation
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