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side were not included in these figures. Because
Pakistan was hopeful for a plebiscite it accepted this plan but India did not accept it, perhaps because the question of irregular forces was not solved. Graham revised the figures so that 6,000 would be the limit of Pakistan's forces and 18,000 would be the limit for India's forces. The response of India was to propose that it be allowed to keep 21,000 troops (including the state militia) in its side but that Pakistan be allowed only a 4,000 strong civilian force. Dr Graham reported his failure to the Security Council, which subsequently passed a resolution in December 1951 calling for India and Pakistan to come to an agreement on reducing the size of their forces. The resolution requested Pakistan to reduce its military presence to 3,000-6,000 and that India to cut its own troop numbers to a number between 12,000 and 18,000. The Security Council urged both countries to consider Dr Graham's criterion for troop reductions which he had suggested on 4 September 1951. Pakistan agreed to the Security Council resolution but India did not and gave no reason for its rejection.
987:
in
December to recount the failure of his endeavors to achieve a demilitarisation for a plebiscite. His third submission to the UN in April 1952 relayed some headway on the demilitarisation question as both countries had begun withdrawing forces since March. But by the fourth report in October 1952 Graham had to inform the Security Council that the negotiations had stumbled again over the question of the size and type of forces to be permitted for both sides. The Security Council then adopted a resolution asking that the two nations hold direct talks over this question. There were talks in February 1953 in Geneva but the UN representative realised that this method would be unsuccessful. On 27 March 1953 Dr Graham presented his final report and his mediatory efforts ended. The two questions during this mediation which India and Pakistan differed upon was the number of troops to remain after demilitarisation on each side and when the plebiscite administrator could assume their tasks.
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two-part process was proposed for the withdrawal of forces. In the first part, Pakistan was to withdraw its forces as well as other
Pakistani nationals from the state. In the second part, "when the Commission shall have notified the Government of India" that Pakistani withdrawal has been completed, India was to withdraw the bulk of its forces. After both the withdrawals were completed, a plebiscite would be held. The resolution was accepted by India but effectively rejected by Pakistan.
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United
Nations supervision. Dixon's third suggestion was to install an administrative body made up completely of representatives from the UN. Nehru disagreed with all these suggestions. Sir Owen Dixon criticized India for its negative reactions to all the demilitarization proposals. Sir Owen Dixon took India to task in very strong language for its negative reactions to the various alternative proposals for demilitarisation.
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the experience of previous UN representatives, Graham had first proposed a demilitarisation scheme which found acceptance from
Pakistan but rejection from India. Thereafter, Graham gave an alternative proposal whereby both countries were to gradually reduce their forces to minimal levels and to the ratio of their presence in the state on 1 January 1949. This proposal was accepted by Pakistan but rejected by India.
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the
Security Council may opt for because by rejecting the McNaugton proposals it would be the third successive time India spurned the conclusions of a neutral UN representative, upon which Nehru accused the US of pressurizing his government. India's rejections of the McNaugton proposals were viewed by American policymakers as an example of Indian "intransigence."
36:
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He observed that if given the choice, most
Kashmiris would opt for a third option: independence. Henderson believed that because of Indian allegations, kindled by Nehru, that America was biased in favour of Pakistan, the Americans ought to distance themselves from the Kashmir dispute, which Washington did so in 1950.
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927:. Dixon favoured the plan, which bears his name till this day. Dixon agreed that people in Jammu and Ladakh were clearly in favour of India; equally clearly, those in Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas wanted to be part of Pakistan. This left the Kashmir Valley and 'perhaps some adjacent country' around
986:
Graham then tried to make the mediation move forward and, without proposing a parallel increase of
Pakistani forces, gave a proposal which would allow India to keep 21,000 troops as had been India's demand. This proposal was also unsuccessful. Dr Graham submitted a second report to the United Nations
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Dr Graham offered a fresh set of proposals on 16 July 1952. By them
Pakistan would reduce its forces to a quantity between 3,000 and 6,000 and India would reduce its troops numbers to between 12,000 and 16,000. But the state militias on the Indian side and the Gilgit and Northern Scouts on Pakistan's
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The failure of the Dixon mission served to increase the
American ambassador Loy Henderson's distrust of India. Henderson in his own assessment upon visiting the Kashmir Valley observed that the majority of people in the Valley would vote to join Pakistan in a plebiscite rather than remain with India.
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The proposals treated India and Pakistan as equal participants in the dispute which was not acceptable to India. In India's view, Pakistan was present illegally in Kashmir while India was present legally. The United States warned India that it would have no option but to comply with any decision that
657:
Through a letter on 1 January 1962 Pakistan asked for a meeting of the UNSC. Shortly after, India said that such a meeting was not required. This continued until the UNSC eventually held discussions on the India-Pakistan question on 1 February 1962 and between 27 April and 22 June 1962. Following the
645:
to examine with India and Pakistan any proposals likely to contribute to the settlement of the dispute. Requesting the United Nations Representative of India and Pakistan to make any recommendations to the parties for further appropriate action with a view to making progress toward the implementation
978:
Dr Frank Graham was appointed by the Security Council as the UN representative for India and Pakistan on 30 April 1951. Dr Graham arrived in the subcontinent on 30 June 1951. The Graham mission had to reach an agreement between the two countries concerning the demilitarisation of Kashmir. Similar to
935:
Dixon also had concerns that the Kashmiris, not being high-spirited people, may vote under fear or improper influences. Following Pakistan's objections, he proposed that Sheikh Abdullah administration should be held in "commission" (in abeyance) while the plebiscite was held. This was not acceptable
906:
On the Pakistani side of the ceasefire line, Sir Owen Dixon proposed that the areas demilitarized by Pakistan would be governed by the local authorities under supervision by the commission, according to the "law and custom" of the State before the conflict started. India opposed this idea because it
931:
in uncertain political terrain. However, according to Dixon, Pakistan "bluntly rejected" the proposal. It believed that the plebiscite should be held in the entire state or the state should be partitioned along religious lines. Pakistan believed that India's commitment to a plebiscite for the whole
918:
and Ghulam Abbas or distributing the portfolios between the various parties. Dixon's second suggestion was to establish a neutral government by respectable non-political people for a six-month period prior to a referendum, in which membership would be split between Hindus and Muslims equally, under
910:
On the Indian side of the ceasefire line, Dixon proposed attaching a United Nations officer with each district magistrate who would be allowed to inspect and report on the magistrate's reports and proceedings. Nehru objected to this idea by claiming that it would intrude on the state's sovereignty.
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Another reason India declined Dixon's proposals for a limited plebiscite was that India wanted to keep its own troops in Kashmir during the plebiscite, claiming they were necessary for "security reasons", but at the same time India did not want any Pakistani troops to remain. This contradicted the
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However, the secretary-general of the United Nations maintained that the UNMOGIP should continue to function because no resolution has been passed to terminate it. India has partially restricted the activities of the unarmed 45 UN observers on the Indian side of the Line of Control on the grounds
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Dixon next asked Nehru in the presence of the Pakistani Prime Minister whether it would be advisable to have plebiscites by region and allocate each region according to the results of a plebiscite in each. India reacted favourably to this plan. According to the Indian commentator Raghavan, it was
861:
In December 1949 the Canadian president of the UNSC, General McNaughton, was requested by the council to approach the two states to solve the dispute. McNaughton issued both states on 22 December with his proposals and two days before his term as president of the council was to expire he reported
463:
In short, India required an asymmetric treatment of the two countries in the withdrawal arrangements regarding Pakistan as an 'aggressor', whereas Pakistan insisted on parity. The UN mediators tended towards parity, which was not to India's satisfaction. In the end, no withdrawal was ever carried
447:
of the state. The assistance given by Pakistan to the rebel forces and the Pakhtoon tribes was held to be a hostile act and the further involvement of the Pakistan army was taken to be an invasion of Indian territory. From the Indian perspective, the plebiscite was meant to confirm the accession,
423:
April 1948. The measure imposed an immediate cease-fire and called on the Government of Pakistan 'to secure the withdrawal from the state of Jammu and Kashmir of tribesmen and Pakistani nationals not normally resident therein who have entered the state for the purpose of fighting.' It also asked
943:
Dixon felt that India would not agree to demilitarisation and other provisions governing the plebiscite that guard against influence and abuse. In the absence of Indian demilitarization, the Pakistanis and the Azad forces were unwilling to demilitarise the territory under their administration.
439:
The UNCIP made three visits to the subcontinent between 1948 and 1949, trying to find a solution agreeable to both India and Pakistan. It reported to the Security Council in August 1948 that "the presence of troops of Pakistan" inside Kashmir represented a "material change" in the situation. A
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Despite the limitations on its mandate, UNMOGIP continues to operate in the region by reporting on the situation along the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir. Its reports are submitted to the United Nations Security Council and are used to inform the international community about the
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The India-Pakistan question was not a part of the agenda for the UNSC from 1953 and 1957. During this period, both India and Pakistan made internal decisions that worsened each other's perception of the other's stance on Kashmir. Pakistan became a part of the military alliances
459:
had no authority left to execute accession because his people had revolted and he had to flee the capital. It believed that the Azad Kashmir movement as well as the tribal incursions were indigenous and spontaneous, and Pakistan's assistance to them was not open to criticism.
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The McNaughton proposals were popular in the Security Council, which then passed a resolution giving both states a time period of five months to arrange the demilitarisation scheme. India later accepted the draft resolution on 14 March 1950. The council then appointed Sir
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UN concerned about situation along ceasefire line. Demands ceasefire and that representatives of India and Pakistan meet with a representative of the secretary-general. Following a speech by the Pakistani Foreign Minister, India conducts a walkout from the UN.
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in Kashmir. India and Pakistan disagree on UNMOGIP's mandate in Kashmir because India argued that the mandate of UNMOGIP has lapsed after the Simla agreement because it was specifically established to observe ceasefire according to the Karachi Agreement.
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out, India insisting that Pakistan had to withdraw first, and Pakistan contending that there was no guarantee that India would withdraw afterwards. No agreement could be reached between the two countries on the process of demilitarisation.
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would also be dimilitarised and its administration would remain with the local authorities, under UN supervision. Pakistan accepted his suggestions but India proposed two far-reaching amendments which amounted to a rejection.
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Scholars have commented that the failure of the Security Council efforts of mediation owed to the fact that the council regarded the issue as a purely political dispute without investigating its legal underpinnings.
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975:, arrived in the subcontinent during a time of tension, he tried to effect demilitarisation prior to a plebiscite but India and Pakistan could not agree on the number of troops who were to remain in Kashmir.
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UNCIP unanimously adopts a resolution amending and amplifying the UN Resolution 47. It deals with a ceasefire, truce agreement and further consultation with the commission. This eventually leads to the
1535:"1964 - 1965 (4th supplement). Chapter VIII. Consideration of questions under the council's responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Part II. The India-Pakistan question"
1477:"1959 - 1963 (3rd supplement). Chapter VIII. Consideration of questions under the council's responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Part II. The India-Pakistan question"
1445:"1956 - 1958 (2nd supplement). Chapter VIII. Consideration of questions under the council's responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Part II. The India-Pakistan question"
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should be put into effect 'on the question of Accession of the state to India or Pakistan.' However, it was not until 1 January 1949 that the ceasefire could be put into effect, signed by General
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1401:"1946 - 1951. Chapter VIII. Consideration of questions under the council's responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. Part II. The India-Pakistan question"
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1890:, p. 160. He summed up his impressions in very strong language, sharply taking India to task for its negative attitude towards the various alternative demilitarization proposals.
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His proposal enclosed a scheme whereby Pakistan and India would simultaneously withdraw their regular forces (excluding those Indian regular forces needed for security purposes). The
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first Nehru who proposed a partition-cum-plebiscite plan: Jammu and Ladakh would go to India, Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas to Pakistan, and a plebiscite would be held in the
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believed that the local authorities were biased in Pakistan's favour and this would not be in India's interests. However, India did not offer any substitute ideas.
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as the next UN representative to the two countries; and he was tasked with administering McNaughton's demilitarisation scheme, which India had already rejected.
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376:, proposing that, in all the princely States where the ruler did not accede to a Dominion corresponding to the majority population (which would have included
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as well Kashmir), the accession should be decided by an 'impartial reference to the will of the people'. Jinnah rejected the offer. The Prime Ministers
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back to the UNSC, on 29 December. But the council asked him to continue his mediation and he did so, submitting his final report on 3 February 1950.
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404:, which allows the member states to bring to the Security Council attention situations `likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace'.
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The draft resolution failed adoption with 7 votes in favour and 2 against, with 2 abstentions. One of the negative votes was of the Soviet Union.
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117:(UNCIP) to investigate the issues and mediate between the two new countries. Following the cease-fire of hostilities, it also established the
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1972 onwards, UNSC no longer passed any resolution on the India-Pakistan question. Pakistan independently and through bodies such as the
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102:
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Next, Dixon put before the prime ministers of the two countries some proposals such as establishing a coalition government between
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The UNMOGIP is still functional. According to the secretary-general the UNMOGIP can only be abolished through a UNSC decision.
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17:
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Dixon plan which had stipulated that neither India nor Pakistan would be permitted to retain troops in the plebiscite zone.
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2806:
809:, the UNSC discussed the Kashmir question at least three times. However no resolutions was taken and no statement issued.
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which was in all respects already complete, and Pakistan could not aspire to an equal footing with India in the contest.
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86:
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73:
United Nations blue beret with UN badge worn by UN Military Observer Richard Cooper in India and Kashmir, c. 1973–1974
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2626:"Security Council Mediation and the Kashmir Dispute: Reflections on Its Failures and Possibilities for Renewal"
2035:
Bradnock, Robert W. (998), "Regional geopolitics in a globalising world: Kashmir in geopolitical perspective",
1176:
796:
667:
2257:
Bradnock, Robert (1998). "Regional geopolitics in a globalising world: Kashmir in geopolitical perspective".
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with Pakistan which precluded it from entering into agreements with other countries. It also held that the
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The Indian government considered itself to be under legal possession of Jammu and Kashmir by virtue of the
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in July 1949 and established a ceasefire line to be supervised by observers. After the termination of the
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Dixon's final comment was to suggest that India and Pakistan be left to solve the situation on their own.
424:
Government of India to reduce its forces to minimum strength, after which the circumstances for holding a
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1839:, p. 28–. U.S. policymakers considered India's rejection the worst example yet of its intransigence
1227:
Resolutions and Statements of the United Nations Security Council: (1946 - 1989) ; a Thematic Guide
592:
in November 1956 which stated "The State of Jammu and Kashmir is and will be a part of Union of India".
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94:
5536:
50:
5954:
5802:
5776:
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2769:
2601:
1087:
972:
841:
408:
373:
666:. The Tashkent Declaration by-passed the United Nations and was brokered by the Soviet Union. The
588:
demanded integration. The main trigger for Pakistan to appeal to the UNSC was the adoption of the
392:
met again in December, where Nehru informed Khan of India's intention to refer the dispute to the
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2005:
1947:
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in 1947, when a dispute erupted between the two new States on the question of accession over the
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98:
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1997:
1939:
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106:
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3984:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
3014:
2278:
Hilali, AZ (1997). "Kashmir dispute and UN mediation efforts: An historical perspective".
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to India. According to Raghavan, at this point, Dixon lost patience and declared failure.
915:
853:
671:
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2177:. In Joachim Alexander Koops; Norrie MacQueen; Thierry Tardy; Paul D. Williams (eds.).
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874:
835:
429:
393:
78:
69:
4997:
1988:
Snedden, Christopher (2005). "Would a plebiscite have resolved the Kashmir dispute?".
1930:
Snedden, Christopher (2005), "Would a plebiscite have resolved the Kashmir dispute?",
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2419:
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2009:
1951:
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UN observers monitor a border discussion between Indian and Pakistani officers, 1962
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5350:
5250:
2320:
Howley, James (1991). "Alive and Kicking: The Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later".
584:(CENTO). India saw nationalist movements from 1954 onwards. Organizations such as
2718:
2605:
2463:
2423:
2395:
2218:
674:
made India harden its stance on aversion to United Nations mediation on Kashmir.
5230:
5210:
5200:
5190:
5150:
4247:
451:
The Pakistan government held that the state of Jammu and Kashmir had executed a
5478:
5468:
5430:
5410:
5380:
5330:
5320:
1605:
5703:
5592:
5581:
5554:
5540:
5523:
5502:
5458:
5448:
5420:
5400:
5340:
5290:
5270:
5160:
5140:
4148:
3213:
2560:
2371:
2291:
2270:
2237:
2048:
2001:
1943:
887:
831:
626:
Rejection of a joint draft resolution through Soviet veto on 20 February 1957
456:
433:
425:
2540:
1764:
1613:
1568:
5364:
5240:
1030:
381:
2205:
Ankit, Rakesh (2013), "Britain and Kashmir, 1948: "The Arena of the UN"",
564:
constituted. Ceasefire acknowledged. Demilitarization attempts furthered.
4061:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
3138:
3126:
1815:, p. 101–. Although Pakistan agreed to his proposals, India did not.
1010:
377:
2548:
2524:
2485:
Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir
2175:"United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)"
1772:
1748:
1621:
1589:
5506:
2379:
561:
82:
5564:
795:
over the years have commented upon the issue. The OHCHR came out with
5334:
4674:
4662:
3203:
3121:
3091:
3056:
2505:
The Cold War on the Periphery: The United States, India, and Pakistan
1670:"Why India need not worry about Pakistan's efforts to instigate OIC"
898:
5611:
1542:
UNSC Repertoire. Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council
1484:
UNSC Repertoire. Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council
1452:
UNSC Repertoire. Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council
1408:
UNSC Repertoire. Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council
646:
of the resolutions of the UNCIP and toward a peaceful settlement."
501:
India approaches the UN. UN requests the two parties to calm down.
5274:
4668:
3101:
2708:
2693:
1018:
1006:
1005:(1948) also enlarged the membership of the UNCIP to five members.
955:
821:
521:
81:
has played an advisory role in maintaining peace and order in the
68:
4056:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
2723:
1101:
UN Security Council resolutions concerning the Kashmir conflict:
27:
United Nations mediation of the India–Pakistan dispute in Kashmir
5260:
2646:"Three Compromised Nationalisms: Why Kashmir has been a Problem"
1718:"UN discusses Kashmir for third time since India ended autonomy"
5615:
5020:
4295:
2727:
789:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
1913:
1911:
29:
2179:
The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations
18:
United Nations Military Observer Group for India and Pakistan
2694:
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
2654:
Perspectives on Kashmir: the roots of conflict in South Asia
1808:
1806:
1027:
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
991:
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
119:
United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan
2583:
Kashmir in Conflict: India, Pakistan and the Unending War
1749:"The Kashmir Problem: Its Handling in the United Nations"
1644:"United Nations India-Pakistan Observer Mission (UNIPOM)"
1090:, presenting a memo to UN officials in Azad Kashmir, 2005
2719:
The United Nations: Friend Or Foe of Self-Determination?
1898:
1896:
1502:
1500:
372:
flew to Lahore on 1 November 1947 for a conference with
5910:
2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing
2630:
Boston College International and Comparative Law Review
2131:
2129:
1871:
1869:
1698:
www.securitycouncilreport.org (Security Council Report)
1557:"India's walkout from UNSC was a turning point: Natwar"
1284:
1282:
529:
UNCIP Resolutions of 13 August 1948 and 5 January 1949
411:(UNSC) on 1 January 1948. Following the set-up of the
2714:
Index to Proceeding to the General Assembly 1995/1996
807:
revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir
4014:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
3964:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
6098:
6044:
5968:
5887:
5861:
5790:
5732:
5674:
5515:
5132:
5125:
5065:
4901:
4844:
4785:
4726:
4655:
4488:
4481:
4448:
4425:
4408:
4394:
4347:
4340:
4194:
3885:
3807:
3710:
3607:
3548:
3485:
3476:
3422:
3269:
3152:
2924:
2823:
2805:
2796:
873:(and other militia) would both be demobilized. The
618:UNSC reminds both parties of previous resolutions.
560:UNCIP fails in its overall task. UNCIP terminated.
4071:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
2302:The Limits of Influence: America's Role in Kashmir
932:of Jammu and Kashmir should not be departed from.
5528:International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia
4207:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
997:United Nations Military Observer Group in Kashmir
737:United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission
46:United Nations Military Observer Group in Kashmir
694:Draft resolution dated 22 June 1962 not adopted
413:United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan
115:United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan
4181:World Federation of United Nations Associations
3676:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2709:The Case of UN Involvement in Jammu and Kashmir
2358:(1953), "The Kashmir dispute after six years",
2565:, London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co,
1029:(UNMOGIP) to observe and report violations of
5627:
5032:
4936:United Nations Department of Peace Operations
4307:
2739:
2173:Shucksmith, Christy; White, Nigel D. (2015).
1668:Chakravarty, Pinak Ranjan (2 December 2020).
340:
8:
4076:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
2445:Jammu and Kashmir, the Cold War and the West
407:India sought resolution of the issue at the
5634:
5620:
5612:
5129:
5039:
5025:
5017:
4485:
4344:
4314:
4300:
4292:
4169:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4081:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
3482:
2802:
2746:
2732:
2724:
2239:Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace
2181:. Oxford University Press. pp. 139–.
1990:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
1932:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
347:
333:
128:
121:(UNMOGIP) to monitor the cease-fire line.
2108:
2072:
2060:
1812:
1324:
1312:
1300:
1261:
1249:
1211:
911:Nehru again offered no alternative idea.
768:, UN calls for cessation of hostilities.
6190:Diplomacy regarding the Kashmir conflict
3598:Conference on International Organization
2699:UN Security Council Resolution 39 and 47
2299:Schaffer, Howard B. (1 September 2009).
2096:
2084:
1917:
1836:
1336:
1273:
1053:that the mandate of UNMOGIP has lapsed.
897:
852:
676:
594:
470:
415:(UNCIP), the UN Security Council passed
6215:Kashmir conflict and the United Nations
3513:Office international d'hygiène publique
1824:
1518:
1506:
1428:
1372:
1199:
1192:
1064:
307:
271:
245:
229:
208:
192:
161:
140:
131:
3308:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
2135:
2120:
1975:
1963:
1860:
1360:
1348:
1288:
783:, continues to raise the issue at the
5719:2019 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
4222:UN television film series (1964–1966)
3974:International Narcotics Control Board
3905:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
3693:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
3664:Convention on the Rights of the Child
3642:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2022:
1902:
1887:
1875:
1848:
1797:
1785:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1529:
1527:
1471:
1469:
1439:
1437:
1395:
1393:
1384:
7:
5295:United Nations Special Service Medal
5098:United Nations Emergency Force Medal
4046:United Nations Postal Administration
3681:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
3400:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
5874:UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute
3449:Permanent representatives to the UN
3338:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
2580:Schofield, Victoria (30 May 2010).
2322:Penn State International Law Review
1753:Journal of the Indian Law Institute
1182:United Nations fact-finding mission
781:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
149:UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute
105:. India took this matter to the UN
103:princely state of Jammu and Kashmir
6031:Tehreek-e-Azaadi Jammu and Kashmir
4258:Withdrawal from the United Nations
3444:Security Council Permanent members
578:Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
432:on behalf of Pakistan and General
25:
6210:United Nations Military Observers
6026:Islamic State – Khorasan Province
5900:2000 Amarnath pilgrimage massacre
5709:2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff
4243:United Nations in popular culture
3927:Expulsion from the United Nations
3872:General Assembly President (2016)
2333:Korbel, Josef (8 December 2015).
1694:"Jammu and Kashmir Consultations"
643:President of the Security Council
590:Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir
5587:
5576:
5563:
5549:
5535:
5522:
5501:
5491:
5477:
5467:
5457:
5447:
5429:
5419:
5409:
5399:
5389:
5379:
5369:
5359:
5349:
5339:
5329:
5319:
5309:
5299:
5289:
5279:
5269:
5259:
5249:
5239:
5229:
5219:
5209:
5199:
5189:
5179:
5169:
5159:
5149:
5139:
5116:
5102:
5092:
5077:
5048:
4996:
4983:
4982:
4969:
4946:United Nations Military Observer
4323:
4275:
2704:BBC Timeline on Kashmir conflict
2394:Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan Das (1968).
1079:
1067:
1057:situation in Jammu and Kashmir.
662:, India and Pakistan signed the
34:
6205:Pakistan and the United Nations
6090:Jammu and Kashmir Accession Day
5838:Operation Sadbhavana (Goodwill)
5684:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
5055:Orders, decorations, and medals
4970:
3831:International Court of Justice
3380:Sport for Development and Peace
2305:. Brookings Institution Press.
1555:Haidar, Suhasini (2015-09-01).
1040:, the two countries signed the
785:United Nations General Assembly
524:and issues instructions to it.
135:concerning the Kashmir conflict
5976:Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
3508:Permanent Court of Arbitration
3503:International Peace Conference
2870:International Court of Justice
2651:. In Raju G. C. Thomas (ed.).
2607:Kashmir: The Unwritten History
2425:The Kashmir Dispute, 1947-2012
2339:. Princeton University Press.
1590:"UNIPOM: success of a mission"
1021:, the Security Council passed
1003:Security Council Resolution 47
364:Following the outbreak of the
1:
5920:2002 Raghunath temple attacks
5770:2016 Nagrota army base attack
4041:Sustainable Development Goals
3568:Declaration by United Nations
3493:International Telegraph Union
2508:. Columbia University Press.
2465:War and Peace in Modern India
2280:Small Wars & Insurgencies
6200:India and the United Nations
6053:Jammu and Kashmir Exodus Day
5714:2008 Indo-Pakistani standoff
3969:International Criminal Court
3405:UN organizations by location
2242:. Harvard University Press.
2219:10.1080/09592296.2013.789771
6077:Jammu and Kashmir Black Day
6011:Al-Badr (Jammu and Kashmir)
4103:Security Council veto power
3410:Sexual Violence in Conflict
3333:Economic and Social Affairs
2904:Economic and Social Council
2657:. Westview Press. pp.
2502:McMahon, Robert J. (1994).
2428:, Oxford University Press,
2402:Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
971:When Dixon's successor, Dr
817:Mediatory reports include:
641:"Resolution requesting the
582:Central Treaty Organisation
368:, India's Governor General
113:(1948) and established the
60:Proposed since August 2024.
43:It has been suggested that
6231:
6164:Village Defence Committees
5945:2017 Amarnath Yatra attack
5935:March 2013 Srinagar attack
5694:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
5689:Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
5108:United Nations Korea Medal
5088:United Nations Peace Medal
5083:Captain Mbaye Diagne Medal
4909:History of UN peacekeeping
4154:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
3979:International Day of Peace
3461:General Assembly Observers
2784:General Assembly President
2676:Whitehead, Andrew (2007).
2462:Raghavan, Srinath (2010).
2400:. The Hauge, Netherlands:
2360:International Organization
2207:Diplomacy & Statecraft
1747:Khan, Rahmatullah (1969).
1606:10.1177/002070207202700304
1588:Reford, Robert W. (1972).
1038:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
994:
766:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
748:Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
366:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
91:partition of British India
6106:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
5649:
5114:
4964:
4271:
3698:World Heritage Convention
3586:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
3296:General Assembly Building
2761:
2624:Subbiah, Sumathi (2004),
2523:Shakoor, Farzana (1998).
2442:Panigrahi, D. N. (2009),
2372:10.1017/s0020818300007256
2292:10.1080/09592319708423174
2271:10.1080/14650049808407617
2049:10.1080/14650049808407617
2002:10.1080/00856400500056145
1944:10.1080/00856400500056145
1086:Muhammad Farooq Rehmani,
1025:(1951) and established a
951:
608:
484:
6121:OHCHR reports on Kashmir
5905:Chittisinghpura massacre
5869:Jinnah–Mountbatten talks
5593:NATO Non-Article 5 Medal
5582:NATO Non-Article 5 Medal
5007:Updated in November 2023
4004:Military Staff Committee
3343:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
2846:Deputy Secretary-General
2775:Deputy Secretary-General
1230:, BRILL, pp. 322–,
1177:OHCHR reports on Kashmir
952:Frank Graham's mediation
668:liberation of Bangladesh
154:List of UNSC resolutions
4334:Peacekeeping Operations
4175:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
4137:UN International School
4132:UN Federal Credit Union
4113:Security Council reform
3949:Four Nations Initiative
3877:Security Council (2016)
3720:Security Council vetoes
2851:Under-Secretary-General
2610:, HarperCollins India,
1224:Wellens, Karel (1990),
6059:Kashmir Solidarity Day
5969:Militant organisations
5925:2006 Srinagar bombings
5915:2001 Kishtwar massacre
5888:Bombings and massacres
5073:Dag Hammarskjöld Medal
4125:Security Council mural
4091:Millennium Declaration
4036:SDG Publishers Compact
3498:Universal Postal Union
2468:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1044:in 1972 to define the
968:as the next mediator.
961:
903:
858:
93:into the dominions of
74:
6016:Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind
5960:2022 Srinagar bombing
5833:Operation Sarp Vinash
5798:1947 Poonch rebellion
5765:2016 Baramulla attack
4956:Women in peacekeeping
4951:United Nations Police
4263:Women in peacekeeping
3922:Drug control treaties
2487:. C. Hurst & Co.
1594:International Journal
959:
901:
856:
739:(UNIPOM) successful.
520:UNSC establishes the
72:
6065:Kashmir Martyrs' Day
6036:United Jihad Council
6001:Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
5950:2018 Sunjuwan attack
5895:1947 Jammu massacres
5808:Operation Grand Slam
4941:United Nations Medal
4217:United Nations Radio
4212:United Nations Medal
4164:University for Peace
3895:Bretton Woods system
3630:governed territories
3375:Developing Countries
3286:Secretariat Building
3155:Specialized agencies
2679:A Mission in Kashmir
2602:Snedden, Christopher
2149:"UNMOGIP Background"
1648:Government of Canada
871:Kashmir State forces
849:McNaughton proposals
793:UN Secretary General
683:Adopted resolutions
672:1972 Simla Agreement
664:Tashkent Declaration
601:Adopted resolutions
586:Bhartiya Jana Sangha
477:Adopted resolutions
453:Standstill Agreement
436:on behalf of India.
53:into this article. (
6158:Over ground workers
6116:Human rights abuses
5955:2019 Pulwama attack
5843:Operation Calm Down
5803:Operation Gibraltar
5003:Politics portal
3989:International Years
3954:Genocide Convention
3390:Outer Space Affairs
3385:Disarmament Affairs
3350:Safety and Security
3291:Conference Building
3271:Secretariat offices
2916:Trusteeship Council
2562:Kashmir in Conflict
2557:Schofield, Victoria
2483:Rai, Mridu (2004).
1920:, pp. 188–189.
1544:. pp. 100–108.
1387:, p. 276, 279.
1351:, pp. 506–507.
1088:Hurriyat Conference
960:Frank Porter Graham
867:Azad Kashmir forces
409:UN Security Council
374:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
6185:Rebellions in Asia
6021:Dukhtaran-e-Millat
5981:Tehreek-e-Hurriyat
5930:2006 Doda massacre
5676:Wars and conflicts
4727:Asia & Pacific
4409:Asia & Pacific
4009:Official languages
3556:London Declaration
3365:Internal Oversight
3355:Palestinian Rights
2927:Funds, programmes,
2642:Varshney, Ashutosh
2025:, p. 161–162.
1788:, p. 153–155.
1775:– via JSTOR.
1632:– via JSTOR.
1454:. pp. 112–115
1410:. pp. 344–352
962:
904:
859:
799:in 2018 and 2019.
706:Second Kashmir War
660:Second Kashmir War
623:Soviet Union veto
396:under article 35 (
85:region soon after
75:
6172:
6171:
5986:Hizbul Mujahideen
5828:Operation All Out
5733:Border skirmishes
5609:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5516:Mandated Missions
5014:
5013:
4897:
4896:
4477:
4476:
4289:
4288:
4120:UN Art Collection
4096:Millennium Summit
4051:UN Block By Block
4031:Ralph Bunche Park
3999:UN laissez-passer
3959:UN Global Compact
3916:Delivering as One
3815:Secretary-General
3706:
3705:
3686:Indigenous Caucus
3580:Tehran Conference
3574:Moscow Conference
3549:Preparatory years
3518:League of Nations
3418:
3417:
3318:Palace of Nations
3020:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
2836:Secretary-General
2779:Amina J. Mohammed
2766:Secretary-General
2668:978-0-8133-8343-9
2593:978-0-85773-078-7
2515:978-0-231-51467-5
2455:978-1-136-51751-8
2435:978-0-19-940018-8
2411:978-94-011-9231-6
2397:Jammu and Kashmir
2346:978-1-4008-7523-8
2336:Danger in Kashmir
2312:978-0-8157-0370-9
2249:978-0-674-01173-1
2188:978-0-19-968604-9
1327:, pp. 82–85.
1315:, pp. 71–72.
1303:, pp. 70–71.
1252:, pp. 68–69.
1237:978-0-7923-0796-9
1214:, pp. 67–68.
1202:, pp. 13–14.
1015:Karachi Agreement
857:Andrew McNaughton
828:Andrew McNaughton
813:Mediatory reports
772:
771:
754:UNSC Resolutions
712:UNSC Resolutions
650:
649:
631:UNSC Resolutions
612:UNSC Resolutions
568:
567:
542:UNSC Resolutions
535:Karachi agreement
506:UNSC Resolutions
489:First Kashmir War
357:
356:
133:UNSC resolutions
67:
66:
62:
16:(Redirected from
6222:
6084:Azad Kashmir Day
5996:Jaish-e-Mohammed
5699:Siachen conflict
5643:Kashmir conflict
5636:
5629:
5622:
5613:
5591:
5580:
5567:
5553:
5539:
5526:
5505:
5495:
5481:
5471:
5461:
5451:
5433:
5423:
5413:
5403:
5393:
5383:
5373:
5363:
5353:
5343:
5333:
5323:
5313:
5303:
5293:
5283:
5273:
5263:
5253:
5243:
5233:
5223:
5213:
5203:
5193:
5183:
5173:
5163:
5153:
5143:
5130:
5120:
5106:
5096:
5081:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5041:
5034:
5027:
5018:
5001:
5000:
4986:
4985:
4973:
4972:
4486:
4345:
4341:Current missions
4329:
4327:
4326:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4293:
4282:World portal
4280:
4279:
4186:Biopiracy treaty
3772:Nagorno-Karabakh
3742:Security Council
3725:General Assembly
3652:Human Rights Day
3592:Yalta Conference
3562:Atlantic Charter
3483:
3439:Founding members
3360:Peace Operations
3244:World Bank Group
2938:Culture of Peace
2929:and other bodies
2882:Security Council
2858:General Assembly
2824:Principal organs
2803:
2770:António Guterres
2748:
2741:
2734:
2725:
2683:
2682:. Penguin India.
2672:
2650:
2637:
2620:
2597:
2575:
2552:
2529:Pakistan Horizon
2525:"UN and Kashmir"
2519:
2498:
2479:
2458:
2438:
2415:
2390:
2350:
2329:
2316:
2295:
2274:
2253:
2229:
2193:
2192:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2151:. Archived from
2145:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2111:, p. 83-86.
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2013:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1744:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1531:
1522:
1521:, p. 53–54.
1516:
1510:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1449:
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1298:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1172:Kashmir conflict
1083:
1071:
964:Pakistan vetoed
764:With respect to
677:
595:
495:UNSC Resolution
471:
422:
390:Liaquat Ali Khan
386:Jawaharlal Nehru
349:
342:
335:
136:
129:
107:Security Council
87:the independence
58:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6230:
6229:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6168:
6094:
6071:Youm-e-Istehsal
6040:
6006:Harkat ul-Ansar
5991:Lashkar-e-Taiba
5964:
5940:2016 Uri attack
5883:
5879:Simla Agreement
5857:
5823:Operation Eraze
5818:Operation Bison
5813:Operation Tupac
5786:
5760:2016 Uri attack
5728:
5670:
5645:
5640:
5610:
5601:
5584:for the Balkans
5511:
5121:
5112:
5061:
5049:
5047:
5045:
5015:
5010:
5006:
4995:
4960:
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4722:
4651:
4473:
4444:
4421:
4404:
4390:
4336:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4290:
4285:
4274:
4267:
4190:
3881:
3803:
3702:
3603:
3544:
3486:Preceding years
3472:
3425:
3414:
3273:and departments
3272:
3265:
3157:
3148:
2931:
2928:
2920:
2819:
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2250:
2232:
2204:
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2196:
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2172:
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2158:
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2147:
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2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2017:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1966:, p. 173–.
1962:
1958:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1909:
1905:, p. 161–.
1901:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1867:
1863:, p. 168–.
1859:
1855:
1851:, p. 156-.
1847:
1843:
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1724:. 6 August 2020
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1198:
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1190:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1072:
1063:
1046:Line of Control
1042:Simla Agreement
999:
993:
954:
916:Sheikh Abdullah
896:
851:
815:
777:
655:
573:
420:
362:
353:
134:
132:
127:
109:, which passed
63:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6228:
6226:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6195:Guerrilla wars
6192:
6187:
6177:
6176:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6161:
6155:
6153:Women's rights
6150:
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6079:(Invasion Day)
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5865:
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5853:2019 airstrike
5850:
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5723:media coverage
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5069:
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5063:
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5059:United Nations
5046:
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5011:
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4992:
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4929:Latin American
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4903:
4899:
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3799:
3794:
3792:Western Sahara
3789:
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3500:
3495:
3489:
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3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3466:European Union
3458:
3457:
3456:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3413:
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3357:
3352:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3303:Envoy on Youth
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3277:
3275:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3262:
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3206:
3201:
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3136:
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2820:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2788:Dennis Francis
2781:
2772:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:United Nations
2753:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2689:
2688:External links
2686:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2667:
2638:
2621:
2617:978-9350298985
2616:
2598:
2592:
2586:. I.B.Tauris.
2576:
2572:978-1860648984
2571:
2553:
2520:
2514:
2499:
2494:978-1850656616
2493:
2480:
2474:
2459:
2454:
2439:
2434:
2420:Noorani, A. G.
2416:
2410:
2391:
2366:(4): 498–510,
2351:
2345:
2330:
2317:
2311:
2296:
2275:
2254:
2248:
2234:Bose, Sumantra
2230:
2213:(2): 273–290,
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2165:
2140:
2125:
2113:
2109:Schofield 2003
2101:
2089:
2087:, p. 30–.
2077:
2075:, p. 83–.
2073:Schofield 2003
2065:
2061:Schofield 2003
2053:
2027:
2015:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1922:
1907:
1892:
1880:
1878:, p. 159.
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1827:, p. 60–.
1817:
1813:Schofield 2010
1802:
1800:, p. 154.
1790:
1778:
1759:(3): 273–292.
1734:
1709:
1685:
1660:
1635:
1600:(3): 405–423.
1580:
1547:
1523:
1511:
1496:
1465:
1433:
1421:
1389:
1377:
1375:, p. 180.
1365:
1363:, p. 507.
1353:
1341:
1339:, p. 212.
1329:
1325:Schofield 2003
1317:
1313:Schofield 2003
1305:
1301:Schofield 2003
1293:
1291:, p. 502.
1278:
1276:, p. 211.
1266:
1262:Schofield 2003
1254:
1250:Schofield 2003
1242:
1236:
1216:
1212:Schofield 2003
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995:Main article:
992:
989:
953:
950:
925:Kashmir Valley
895:
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875:Northern Areas
850:
847:
846:
845:
839:
836:Gunnar Jarring
825:
814:
811:
805:Following the
776:
773:
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321:Resolution 307
318:
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310:
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302:
300:Resolution 215
297:
295:Resolution 214
292:
290:Resolution 211
287:
285:Resolution 210
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280:Resolution 209
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273:
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264:Resolution 126
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259:Resolution 123
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6148:Peacebuilding
6146:
6144:
6143:Stone pelting
6141:
6139:
6138:Crowd control
6136:
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5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5637:
5632:
5630:
5625:
5623:
5618:
5617:
5614:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4889:
4886:
4883:
4880:
4877:
4874:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4862:
4859:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4827:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4581:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4482:Past missions
4480:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4305:
4303:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4066:Treaty Series
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3426:and observers
3421:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Legal Affairs
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2475:9780230242159
2471:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2451:
2448:, Routledge,
2447:
2446:
2440:
2437:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:Korbel, Josef
2352:
2348:
2342:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2155:on 2017-07-03
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2138:, p. 77.
2137:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2123:, p. 76.
2122:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2099:, p. 31.
2098:
2097:Schaffer 2009
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:Schaffer 2009
2081:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2063:, p. 83.
2062:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1978:, p. 75.
1977:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:Raghavan 2010
1914:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:Schaffer 2009
1833:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1699:
1695:
1689:
1686:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1661:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1551:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1509:, p. 53.
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1485:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:, p. 59.
1430:
1425:
1422:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1337:Varshney 1992
1333:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:Varshney 1992
1270:
1267:
1264:, p. 70.
1263:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:Resolution 38
1100:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:Resolution 91
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
974:
969:
967:
958:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
930:
926:
920:
917:
912:
908:
900:
894:Dixon mission
893:
891:
889:
883:
879:
876:
872:
868:
863:
855:
848:
843:
840:
837:
833:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
818:
812:
810:
808:
803:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
774:
767:
763:
761:
757:
753:
751:
749:
743:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
709:
707:
701:
700:
696:
693:
690:
689:
685:
682:
679:
678:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
652:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
629:
625:
622:
621:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
600:
597:
596:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
570:
563:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:
536:
531:
528:
527:
523:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
504:
500:
498:
494:
492:
490:
483:
479:
476:
473:
472:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
449:
446:
441:
437:
435:
431:
427:
418:
417:Resolution 47
414:
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238:Resolution 98
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222:Resolution 96
220:
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217:Resolution 91
215:
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207:
202:
201:Resolution 80
199:
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186:
185:Resolution 51
183:
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180:Resolution 47
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175:Resolution 39
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61:
56:
52:
48:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
6088:26 October—
6082:24 October—
6075:22 October—
6057:5 February—
6051:19 January—
5873:
5862:Negotiations
5664:1947–present
4994:
4981:
4968:
4273:
4235:
4227:
4173:
4019:Peacekeeping
3994:Interpreters
3914:
3615:Peacekeeping
3533:organization
3434:Full members
3395:Partnerships
3281:Headquarters
3003:peacekeeping
2678:
2653:
2636:(1): 173–185
2633:
2629:
2606:
2582:
2561:
2535:(2): 53–69.
2532:
2528:
2504:
2484:
2464:
2444:
2424:
2396:
2363:
2359:
2335:
2325:
2321:
2301:
2286:(2): 61–86.
2283:
2279:
2262:
2258:
2238:
2210:
2206:
2199:Bibliography
2178:
2168:
2157:. Retrieved
2153:the original
2143:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2068:
2056:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2018:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1938:(1): 64–86,
1935:
1931:
1925:
1883:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1825:McMahon 1994
1820:
1793:
1781:
1756:
1752:
1726:. Retrieved
1721:
1712:
1701:. Retrieved
1697:
1688:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:
1663:
1652:. Retrieved
1650:. 2019-06-03
1647:
1638:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1560:
1550:
1541:
1519:Shakoor 1998
1514:
1507:Shakoor 1998
1489:27 September
1487:. Retrieved
1483:
1458:26 September
1456:. Retrieved
1451:
1429:Shakoor 1998
1424:
1414:26 September
1412:. Retrieved
1407:
1380:
1373:Subbiah 2004
1368:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1226:
1219:
1207:
1200:Noorani 2014
1195:
1055:
1051:
1035:
1026:
1000:
985:
981:
977:
973:Frank Graham
970:
966:Ralph Bunche
963:
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934:
929:Muzaffarabad
921:
913:
909:
905:
884:
880:
864:
860:
842:Frank Graham
816:
804:
801:
778:
775:1972–present
745:
703:
656:
580:(SEATO) and
574:
486:
466:
462:
450:
442:
438:
406:
363:
148:
118:
76:
59:
44:
6045:Observances
5848:2016 strike
5497:MINURCAT II
4884:(1991–2003)
4878:(1988–1991)
4872:(1973–1979)
4866:(1963–1964)
4854:(1956–1967)
4845:Middle East
4837:(1996–2002)
4831:(1996–2002)
4825:(1996–1998)
4819:(1995–2002)
4813:(1995–1999)
4807:(1995–1996)
4801:(1993–2009)
4795:(1992–1995)
4778:(2006–2012)
4772:(2002–2005)
4766:(1994–2000)
4760:(1992–1993)
4754:(1991–1992)
4748:(1988–1990)
4742:(1965–1966)
4736:(1962–1963)
4719:(2017–2019)
4713:(2004–2017)
4707:(1997–2000)
4689:(1996–1997)
4683:(1993–1996)
4677:(1991–1995)
4671:(1989–1992)
4665:(1965–1966)
4648:(2013–2023)
4642:(2007–2020)
4636:(2007–2010)
4630:(2005–2011)
4624:(2004–2006)
4618:(2004–2017)
4612:(2003–2018)
4606:(2003–2004)
4600:(2000–2008)
4594:(1999–2010)
4588:(1999–2005)
4582:(1998–1999)
4576:(1998–2000)
4570:(1997–1999)
4564:(1995–1997)
4552:(1993–1996)
4546:(1993–1997)
4540:(1993–1994)
4534:(1993–1995)
4528:(1992–1994)
4522:(1992–1993)
4516:(1991–1995)
4510:(1989–1991)
4504:(1989–1990)
4498:(1960–1964)
4449:Middle East
4248:UNICEF club
3942:Honour Flag
3777:North Korea
3712:Resolutions
3659:Enlargement
2831:Secretariat
2265:(2): 1–29.
2259:Geopolitics
2136:Hilali 1997
2121:Hilali 1997
2037:Geopolitics
1976:Hilali 1997
1964:Korbel 2015
1861:Korbel 2015
1361:Korbel 1953
1349:Korbel 1953
1289:Korbel 1953
1013:signed the
797:two reports
370:Mountbatten
6179:Categories
6111:Insurgency
6069:5 August—
5791:Operations
5704:Kargil War
5555:NATO Medal
5541:NATO Medal
4562:UNAVEM III
4236:Ex Tempore
4228:UN Special
4149:UN Mandate
3608:Activities
3214:UN Tourism
3037:UN-HABITAT
3015:OzonAction
2840:selections
2159:2017-06-29
2023:Gupta 1968
1903:Gupta 1968
1888:Gupta 1968
1876:Gupta 1968
1849:Gupta 1968
1798:Gupta 1968
1786:Gupta 1968
1728:2021-09-29
1722:Al Jazeera
1703:2021-09-29
1679:2021-09-29
1654:2021-12-29
1574:2021-09-27
1385:Ankit 2013
1188:References
1036:After the
902:Owen Dixon
888:Owen Dixon
832:Owen Dixon
485:1948-1951
434:Roy Bucher
426:plebiscite
402:UN Charter
398:Chapter VI
6063:13 July—
5782:2020–2021
5755:2016–2018
5750:2014–2015
5659:1846–1946
4717:MINUJUSTH
4532:UNOSOM II
4514:UNAVEM II
4108:UN reform
3910:Criticism
3808:Elections
3782:Palestine
3669:committee
3077:UN-Oceans
3025:UNEP-WCMC
2909:President
2897:President
2887:Elections
2863:President
2798:UN System
2604:(2013) ,
2559:(2003) ,
2541:0030-980X
2422:(2014) ,
2388:155022750
2227:154021048
2043:(2): 11,
2010:145020726
1996:: 64–86.
1952:145020726
1765:0019-5731
1630:151745499
1614:0020-7020
1569:0971-751X
1561:The Hindu
1031:ceasefire
653:1962–1972
571:1951–1957
445:accession
400:) of the
382:Hyderabad
360:1948–1951
5654:Timeline
5569:INTERFET
5395:UNPREDEP
5355:UNPROFOR
5126:Military
4989:Category
4919:Timeline
4914:Missions
4811:UNPREDEP
4793:UNPROFOR
4711:MINUSTAH
4656:Americas
4634:MINURCAT
4520:UNOSOM I
4508:UNAVEM I
4401:Inactive
4395:Americas
4253:Model UN
4238:magazine
4230:magazine
4159:UN Sacco
3647:drafting
3625:timeline
3620:missions
3523:archives
3139:UN Women
3127:UNU-CRIS
2978:UNCITRAL
2815:Preamble
2644:(1992).
2549:41394458
2236:(2003).
1773:43950029
1622:25733948
1096:See also
1011:Pakistan
838:: 1 each
457:Maharaja
378:Junagadh
125:Overview
95:Pakistan
6099:Related
5507:MONUSCO
5443:UNMISET
5305:MINURSO
5255:UNIIMOG
5215:UNEF II
5195:UNFICYP
5155:UNMOGIP
5133:General
5066:General
5057:of the
4976:Outline
4902:Related
4876:UNIIMOG
4870:UNEF II
4770:UNMISET
4746:UNGOMAP
4705:MIPONUH
4693:MINUGUA
4646:MINUSMA
4586:UNAMSIL
4580:UNOMSIL
4574:MINURCA
4433:UNFICYP
4416:UNMOGIP
4379:MINUSCA
4361:MONUSCO
4355:MINURSO
4202:Outline
3887:Related
3767:Lebanon
3538:members
3528:charter
3478:History
3424:Members
3323:Nairobi
2958:MINURSO
2892:Members
2875:Statute
2807:Charter
2659:191–234
2380:2704850
1061:Gallery
680:Period
598:Period
562:UNMOGIP
474:Period
83:Kashmir
55:Discuss
6160:(OGWs)
6133:Ikhwan
5483:MINUCI
5439:UNTAET
5435:UNAMET
5415:UNTAES
5385:UNAMIR
5365:UNOSOM
5335:ONUSAL
5325:UNAMIC
5315:UNIKOM
5285:UNAVEM
5235:UNIFIL
5205:UNIPOM
5165:UNOGIL
4987:
4974:
4924:Canada
4890:(2012)
4888:UNSMIS
4882:UNIKOM
4860:(1958)
4858:UNOGIL
4852:UNEF I
4835:UNCPSG
4823:UNTAES
4817:UNMIBH
4799:UNOMIG
4786:Europe
4752:UNAMIC
4740:UNIPOM
4701:(1997)
4699:UNTMIH
4695:(1997)
4687:UNSMIH
4675:ONUSAL
4663:DOMREP
4640:UNAMID
4604:MINUCI
4558:(1994)
4556:UNASOG
4550:UNAMIR
4544:UNOMIL
4538:UNOMUR
4526:ONUMOZ
4489:Africa
4470:(1978)
4468:UNIFIL
4464:(1974)
4458:(1948)
4441:(1999)
4435:(1964)
4426:Europe
4418:(1949)
4387:(2020)
4385:UNITAM
4381:(2014)
4375:(2011)
4373:UNMISS
4369:(2011)
4367:UNISFA
4363:(2010)
4357:(1991)
4348:Africa
4328:
4086:UN Day
4024:Canada
3900:CCISUA
3762:Israel
3747:Cyprus
3600:(1945)
3594:(1945)
3588:(1944)
3582:(1943)
3576:(1943)
3570:(1942)
3564:(1941)
3558:(1941)
3328:Vienna
3313:Geneva
3204:UNESCO
3122:UNU-OP
3097:UNRISD
3092:UNOSAT
3072:UNITAR
3067:UNIDIR
3062:UNICRI
3057:UNICEF
2973:UNCTAD
2963:UNAIDS
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686:Notes
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480:Notes
430:Gracey
421:
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5572:Medal
5531:Medal
5487:ONUCI
5473:UNMIL
5463:UNMEE
5453:MONUC
5425:UNMIK
5405:UNMOP
5375:UNMIH
5345:UNTAC
5275:ONUCA
5265:UNTAG
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4805:UNCRO
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3087:UNOPS
3082:UNODC
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3047:UNHCR
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2998:UNDPO
2988:UNDGC
2983:UNCDF
2649:(PDF)
2545:JSTOR
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2006:S2CID
1948:S2CID
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1626:S2CID
1618:JSTOR
1538:(PDF)
1480:(PDF)
1448:(PDF)
1404:(PDF)
1019:UNCIP
1007:India
822:UNCIP
744:1971
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522:UNCIP
419:on 21
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5777:2019
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5595:for
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5543:for
5245:UNHQ
5175:ONUC
4734:UNSF
4622:ONUB
4496:ONUC
3937:Flag
3865:2011
3860:2014
3855:2017
3850:2020
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3840:2022
3835:2023
3825:2016
3820:2021
3757:Iraq
3752:Iran
3735:67th
3730:66th
3454:list
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