57:& Social Committee in 1977) acting as interlocutor with the United Nations, having called upon the United Nations to prepare a ‘Model Code for consumer protection’ at its World congress in Sydney in 1975. This led, in 1977, to ECOSOC directing the Secretary-General to prepare a survey of national institutions and legislation in the area of consumer protection and in 1981, ECOSOC requested the SG ‘to continue consultations on consumer protection with a view to elaborating a set of general guidelines for consumer protection, taking particularly into account the needs of the developing countries’. Draft guidelines were circulated to governments for comments in 1982, submitted to ECOSOC in 1983, drawing on many sources including the OECD, the US Consumer Bill of Rights and materials from national consumer protection agencies and consumer associations.
124:(GL78). Finally section VI, on International cooperation, has been significantly expanded by the additions of Guidelines 82-90, largely covering enforcement mechanisms at international level. The new section VII, International Institutional Machinery, addresses the review of the application and implementation of the UNGCP at national levels and the further review of the Guidelines themselves.
80:, other issues and implementation) that would feed into the UNCTAD Secretariat report, Modalities for the Revision of the UNGCP, to be submitted to the VII UN Review Conference to Review all Aspect of the Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices.
108:(GLs 14-15), electronic commerce (GLs 63-65), and financial services (GLs 66-68). The previous section E, on Measures enabling consumers to obtain redress, is renamed Dispute resolution & redress (now section F) and expanded to reflect the rapid evolution of such mechanisms and now includes reference to
87:
The
Seventh United Nations Conference to Review All Aspects of the Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices, which was held in Geneva from 6 to 10 July 2015, adopted by unanimity the Draft Resolution on consumer protection and the
56:
The UNGCP were adopted by consensus in 1985. This followed a long campaign by consumer associations in many countries, with
Consumers International (then known as the International Organisation of Consumer Unions since its establishment in 1960 and granted general consultative status by the Economic
103:
as the successors to the
Millennium Development Goals, and the need for governments to cooperate across borders. References to changes since 1999 are implied by paragraphs on privacy, e-commerce and financial services, with explicit reference to the financial crisis. The latter two developments are
67:
In July 2012, the First Ad Hoc Expert
Meeting on Consumer Protection decided that UNCTAD should begin a consultation process on the revision UNGCP. As a result of this consultation and call for contributions, the UNCTAD secretariat produced the Implementation Report on the United Nations Guidelines
39:
The
Intergovernmental group of experts on consumer protection law and policy has been established to monitor the implementation of the guidelines, provide a forum for consultations, produce research and studies, provide technical assistance, undertake voluntary peer reviews, and periodically update
24:
goals. The statement supplied is that the guidelines are "a valuable set of principles for setting out the main characteristics of effective consumer protection legislation, enforcement institutions and redress systems and for assisting interested Member States in formulating and enforcing domestic
107:
The new UNGCP extend their scope to state-owned enterprises (GL2) and introduce four new ‘legitimate needs’ into
Guideline 5, the most quoted passage of the UNGCP. Completely new sections are inserted on Principles for Good Business Practices (GL 11) and National Policies for consumer protection
83:
In July 2013, the Third Ad Hoc Expert
Meeting on Consumer Protection, discussed the Modalities Report and its conclusions, plus further issues that were highlighted by member States and stakeholders as candidates for a proposed inclusion in the revision of the UNGCP. A text was negotiated among
136:
The group will have the following functions: annual forum and modalities for multilateral consultation; periodic studies related to elements of the UNGCP; peer reviews of
Consumer Protection policies; periodic assessment of implementation of the UNGCP; capacity building; and exchanges of
132:
The 2015 revision (see section VII, paras 95-99) sets up institutional mechanisms for monitoring compliance with the UNGCP, under the supervision of the
Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection Law and Policy, which is to be held under the auspices of UNCTAD.
88:
revised UNGCP and invited "the
General Assembly of the United Nations, at its seventieth Session in 2015, to consider the adoption of the Draft Resolution on Consumer Protection and the revised United Nations Guidelines on Consumer Protection as annexed to this resolution."
25:
and regional laws, rules and regulations that are suitable to their own economic and social and environmental circumstances, as well as promoting international enforcement cooperation among Member States and encouraging the sharing of experiences in consumer protection."
104:
the focus of new sections in the Guidelines. The Intergovernmental group of experts on consumer protection law and policy is expected to continue within the framework of existing UNCTAD machinery alongside continued review of the ‘UN Set on competition.'
140:
The first meeting of the Intergovernmental group of experts on consumer protection law and policy took place on17 and 18 October 2016 in Geneva. Since then, the group meets annually at the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, normally in July.
71:
The Second Ad Hoc Expert Meeting on Consumer Protection, held in July 2013 under the French Presidency, discussed the Implementation Report and its conclusions, and proposed the creation of four Working Groups (on
99:
The 2015 revised UNGCP are preceded by the General Assembly resolution on consumer protection 70/186, which makes specific reference to the needs of developing countries, to the setting of the
541:
165:
41:
290:
230:
500:
36:(ECOSOC) in resolution E/1999/INF/2/Add.2 of 26 July 1999, and recently revised by the General Assembly in resolution 70/186 of 22 December 2015.
322:
220:
Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices, A/RES/35/63 of 5 December 1980
546:
285:
160:
493:
33:
100:
536:
295:
441:
390:
315:
45:
91:
The General Assembly adopted the resolution on consumer protection and the annexed UNGCP on 22 December 2015.
421:
61:
505:
488:
40:
the UNGCP. Its first meeting took place on 17 and 18 October 2016 in Geneva under the auspices of the
308:
395:
385:
380:
370:
341:
155:
29:
21:
431:
426:
268:
77:
436:
416:
400:
150:
84:
consumer protection experts and diplomatic missions in Geneva between January and June 2015.
375:
365:
260:
117:
515:
231:"Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection Law and Policy | UNCTAD"
472:
530:
462:
272:
510:
355:
331:
113:
73:
467:
128:
The Intergovernmental group of experts on consumer protection law and policy
116:. The Specific Areas section (now K) is expanded to include Energy, (GL76),
60:
In 1999, the UNGCP were expanded significantly to include a new section on
360:
291:
Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection Law and Policy
264:
248:
121:
109:
304:
300:
32:
in resolution 39/248 of 16 April 1985, later expanded by the
249:"The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection"
481:
455:
409:
348:
166:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
42:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
447:United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection
286:United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection
18:United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection
316:
8:
542:United Nations General Assembly resolutions
323:
309:
301:
177:
68:for Consumer Protection (1985 - 2013).
7:
340:the philosophy of and activism for
14:
247:Harland, David (September 1987).
64:(Section H of the 2015 version).
161:United Nations General Assembly
28:They were first adopted by the
1:
296:World consumer protection map
101:Sustainable Development Goals
95:Content of the revised UNGCP
34:Economic and Social Council
563:
547:1985 in the United Nations
253:Journal of Consumer Policy
442:Collaborative consumption
391:Consumer welfare standard
338:
422:Consumer Bill of Rights
62:sustainable consumption
506:Ellen Swallow Richards
501:Consumers' Association
489:Consumer organizations
184:A/RES/70/186 Preamble
537:Consumer protection
396:Ethical consumerism
386:Consumer revolution
381:Consumer protection
371:Consumer capitalism
342:consumer protection
156:Consumer protection
22:consumer protection
432:Consumer education
427:Consumer complaint
265:10.1007/bf00411533
78:financial services
20:(UNGCP) relate to
524:
523:
437:Consumer movement
417:Consumer activism
401:Informed consumer
202:TD/RBP/CONF.8/RES
151:Consumer activism
554:
376:Consumer privacy
366:Anti-consumerism
325:
318:
311:
302:
276:
235:
234:
227:
221:
218:
212:
209:
203:
200:
194:
191:
185:
182:
118:Public utilities
30:General Assembly
562:
561:
557:
556:
555:
553:
552:
551:
527:
526:
525:
520:
516:Esther Peterson
477:
456:Fields of study
451:
405:
344:
334:
329:
282:
246:
244:
242:Further reading
239:
238:
229:
228:
224:
219:
215:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:TD/B/C.I/CLP/23
192:
188:
183:
179:
174:
147:
130:
97:
54:
12:
11:
5:
560:
558:
550:
549:
544:
539:
529:
528:
522:
521:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
497:
496:
485:
483:
479:
478:
476:
475:
473:Home economics
470:
465:
459:
457:
453:
452:
450:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
413:
411:
407:
406:
404:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
352:
350:
346:
345:
339:
336:
335:
330:
328:
327:
320:
313:
305:
299:
298:
293:
288:
281:
280:External links
278:
259:(3): 245–266.
243:
240:
237:
236:
222:
213:
204:
195:
186:
176:
175:
173:
170:
169:
168:
163:
158:
153:
146:
143:
129:
126:
96:
93:
53:
50:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
559:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
532:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
495:
492:
491:
490:
487:
486:
484:
480:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
463:Consumer math
461:
460:
458:
454:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
412:
408:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
351:
347:
343:
337:
333:
326:
321:
319:
314:
312:
307:
306:
303:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
283:
279:
277:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
241:
232:
226:
223:
217:
214:
208:
205:
199:
196:
190:
187:
181:
178:
171:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
144:
142:
138:
137:information.
134:
127:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
105:
102:
94:
92:
89:
85:
81:
79:
75:
69:
65:
63:
58:
51:
49:
47:
43:
37:
35:
31:
26:
23:
19:
446:
256:
252:
245:
225:
216:
211:A/RES/70/186
207:
198:
189:
180:
139:
135:
131:
106:
98:
90:
86:
82:
70:
66:
59:
55:
38:
27:
17:
15:
511:Ralph Nader
482:Key players
356:Consumerism
332:Consumerism
120:(GL77) and
531:Categories
172:References
114:bankruptcy
74:e-commerce
468:Euthenics
273:151099811
410:Activism
361:Consumer
349:Concepts
145:See also
122:Tourism
52:History
271:
46:UNCTAD
269:S2CID
494:list
112:and
110:debt
16:The
261:doi
533::
267:.
257:10
255:.
251:.
76:,
48:)
324:e
317:t
310:v
275:.
263::
233:.
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.