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under US command to overthrow current leaders from Haiti, and for previous ones to return to an environment in which a United States agreement could be implemented. An advance team of no more than 60 personnel was established in order to co-ordinate and observe the
American operations, requesting the
481:
Once the multinational force had completed its mission, UNMIH would take over its functions when a suitable environment had been secured. After extending UNMIH's mandate for six months, it was decided to increase the size of the mission to 6,000 troops with the aim of completing it by
February 1996.
553:
strongly opposed the UN decision, saying "The
Security Council's special powers should not be invoked in an indiscriminate manner in the name of a 'search for more rapid means' to respond to attacks on democracy, because it violates the basic principles of peaceful co-existence between nations and
595:
issued a 17-page report on the result of the intervention: the report noted the ongoing repression in Haiti, the complete lack of justice for victims of the
September 1991 coup d'Ă©tat, the deteriorating economic situation, and the growing impatience of the Haitian people.
521:
The vote was the first time the United
Nations sanctioned the use of an invading force to "restore democracy." It was also the first time the US has sought and gained UN approval for a military intervention in the Americas.
533:, spoke out against the resolution, saying that "it sets an extremely dangerous precedent in the field of international relations" because the crisis "does not constitute a threat to peace and international security."
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in Haiti because it had refused to co-operate with the United
Nations. Some concern was also expressed at the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the country, violations of
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initially offered to send four marine and infantry companies to join the U.S.-led invasion forces. However, after popular discontent over the decision,
561:
the week before the vote, Brazil's decision to abstain instead of oppose the resolution can clearly be seen to be the result of enormous U.S. pressure.
466:
589:
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said that the resolution furthers "the repeated attempts by the
Security Council to amplify its powers beyond those which were granted it by the
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The resolution claimed an extraordinary situation in Haiti, which required an exceptional response. The
Council then authorised, under
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said his country "will not support any military intervention, unilateral or multilateral."
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Pointing out that the situation in Haiti posed no threat to world peace and security,
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Legitimate governance in Africa: international and domestic legal perspectives
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to report back on developments relating to the advance team within 30 days.
237:
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imposed on Haiti would be lifted once
Aristide had been returned to power.
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and international humanitarian organisations would be guaranteed. Finally,
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Resolution 940 was controversially adopted by 12 votes to none, with two
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was not present when voting took place, most likely due to the ongoing
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Beyond sovereignty: collectively defending democracy in the
Americas
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431:(1994), the Council permitted a United States-led force to restore
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and expulsion of staff from the International Civilian Mission.
315:
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611:
List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 901 to 1000
554:
normal UN legal procedures." After a visit to Brazil from U.S.
525:
Many Latin American countries were opposed to the resolution.
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United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Haiti
639:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
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Quashigah, Edward Kofi; Okafor, Obiora Chinedu (1999).
395:, adopted on 31 July 1994, after recalling resolutions
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The safety of United Nations personnel and those from
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1209:1994 United Nations Security Council resolutions
745:United Nations Security Council Resolution 940
393:United Nations Security Council resolution 940
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8:
715:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 481.
454:The council began with condemnations of the
787:United Nations Security Council resolutions
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467:Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
18:United Nations resolution adopted in 1994
694:"U.N. Resolution for Invasion of Haiti"
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513:. Accusations surfaced of US pressure.
585:was forced to back down on the offer.
446:(UNMIH) for an additional six months.
20:
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751:Text of the Resolution at undocs.org
442:, and extended the mandate of the
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637:War, aggression and self-defence
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471:to form a multinational force
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617:Operation Uphold Democracy
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635:Dinstein, Yoram (2005).
556:Under Secretary of State
488:international sanctions
438:and authorities of the
660:Farer, Tom J. (1996).
535:Cuban Foreign Minister
436:Jean-Bertrand Aristide
668:. JHU Press. p.
593:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
568:'s UN representative
476:Boutros Boutros-Ghali
43:Peacekeepers in Haiti
590:UN Secretary-General
588:On 17 January 1995,
469:, for Member States
375:Lists of resolutions
570:Ramiro Piriz Ballon
548:Brazilian President
484:diplomatic missions
440:Government of Haiti
698:The New York Times
531:VĂctor Flores Olea
529:'s UN ambassador,
474:Secretary-General
104:None voted against
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743:Works related to
722:978-90-411-1176-0
679:978-0-8018-5166-7
646:978-0-521-85080-3
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141:Permanent members
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97:12 voted for
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52:31 July 1994
15:
789:adopted in
613:(1994â1995)
495:abstentions
427:(1994) and
290:New Zealand
135:composition
111:2 abstained
68:S/RES/940 (
1203:Categories
623:References
450:Resolution
30:Resolution
580:President
576:Argentina
433:President
238:Argentina
600:See also
517:Reaction
505:, while
423:(1994),
419:(1993),
415:(1993),
411:(1993),
407:(1993),
403:(1993),
399:(1993),
329:Pakistan
277:Djibouti
116:1 absent
70:Document
566:Uruguay
542:Charter
303:Nigeria
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127:Adopted
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183:Russia
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170:France
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124:Result
503:China
497:from
355:Spain
157:China
81:Haiti
60:3,413
791:1994
717:ISBN
674:ISBN
641:ISBN
501:and
316:Oman
65:Code
49:Date
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32:940
24:UN
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696:.
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670:47
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72:)
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