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Beverly, Massachusetts about thirty-five miles from Boston. At its peak, this company employed 9,000 workers and produced eighty-five percent of all shoemaking machines in the United States. By 1910, it had an eighty percent share of the shoe machinery market with assets reaching forty million dollars, and it had acquired control of branch companies in foreign countries. In 1917, the United Shoe
Machinery Corporation, incorporated in 1905, absorbed the United Shoe Machinery Company. The United Shoe Machinery Corporation had its headquarters in Boston and its main manufacturing plant in Beverly, Massachusetts. In 1968, the United Shoe Machinery Corporation changed its name to USM Corporation. In 1976, United Shoe Machinery Company merged with Emhart Industries and produced the modern-day Emhart Corporation. In 1989, in order to resist a two billion dollar takeover attempt by a New York investment group (which included oil heir Gordon P. Getty), Emhart merged with Black & Decker Corporation. The merged company operates from Black & Decker's headquarters in Towson, Maryland. The company headquarters in Farmington, Connecticut, were closed in June 1989.
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Machine
Company; and McKay Shoe Machinery Company. The new company continued the practice previously followed by its constituent firms of renting machinery that it manufactured instead of selling it. After the 1899 merger, United grew quite rapidly. In 1903, it began construction of a new factory in
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547:
213:
The government renewed its complaint in 1967 but although the
District Court ruled nothing had changed, this time the Supreme Court ordered USM to be broken up. It was required to divest a substantial part of its business and change its leasing strategy over a 10-year period, with the sell-off
249:(BUSM) bought the shoe machinery operations, including USM, from Emhart Industries and control of USM then passed to the U.K. as part of the newly created United Machinery Group (UMG). Subsequently, the USM headquarters moved into a new high-tech factory outside
209:
in that the company had been a monopoly since 1912. A "trial of prodigious length" followed, with the verdict going against USM, but the corporation wasn't broken up and the judgement and remedy was confirmed by the
Supreme Court in 1954.
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298:, automatic fuse setting, bomb release equipment, automatic conveying equipment, and automatic rocket projectors, as well as many other things of military interest.
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Turtle-series, IVI prototype gun motor carriages (33 tons, tracked, turreted, 4-man crew situated below the upper hull line, 600-hp engine, armor thickness 3 to 6
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234:. However, the attempts at diversification failed to generate enough money and in 1976 the company, heavily in debt, was bought by Emhart Corporation, now
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The anti-trust case against the United Shoe
Machinery Company have drawn comparisons to subsequent anti-trust cases against IBM and Microsoft.
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178:
The
Smithsonian National Museum of American History provides the following account of the history of the United Shoe Machinery Corporation.
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Several thousand corporate employees, the entire workforce gathered at a greenlawn in front of the factory buildings for a group photo, 1911
214:
raising $ 400 million. It continued to innovate within the shoe manufacturing industry, but it also developed such modern inventions as the
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inches, dimensions: 18'7" long, 9'4" wide, 7' tall, carrying various promptly interchangeable turrets, different main armament with
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for weapons, and low weight in order to attain high speeds, coupled with various comfort add-ons provided for the housed crew.
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Since its founding, the United Shoe
Machinery Company was embroiled in legal disputes and controversial business practices.
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81:
20:
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The United Shoe
Machinery Company was formed in 1899 by the consolidation of three shoe machinery firms in the industry:
1083:"United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corporation, District Ct. of the U.S., District of Mass., 1949–1952 Finding Aid"
522:
885:, Information: A Monthly Digest of Current Events and World Progress Covering Jan. 1915 – May 1917, v. 3, p. 307.
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The corporation had several divisions, subsidiaries and affiliates, which were located mainly in
Massachusetts.
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High Speed
Harmonic Drive Speed Reducer for slow and stabilized rotation of shipboard or tank heavy gun turrets
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This article is about a former US-based corporation. For the British company of the same name, see
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IVI-D Gun Motor Carriage, single-barrel 75 mm tank gun (gunner's compartment separated from the
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were to have pressurized turrets with twin 37 mm cannons, similar to those developed by
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1560:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Army, Office of the Chief of Military History.
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986:"SUSPEND ANTI-TRUST ORDER; Court Grants Leeway to United Shoe Machinery Company"
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During the postwar years, the corporate engineers experimented intensively with
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444:) Medium Tank turret mounting the 75 mm M3 gun equipped with an autoloader
390:, allowing the gunner to move with the weapon in elevation and in azimuth)
260:, but after financial difficulties UMG went into administration in 2000.
231:
46:
1597:
United Shoe Machine Company, 134 McKay Street, Beverly, Essex County, MA
1596:
1206:"How Big Is Too Big?; Size of I.B. M. Raises Problems For Trust Busters"
1109:"The STANLEY Engineered Fastening Group - STANLEY® Engineered Fastening"
1019:"United Shoe Machinery and the Antitrust Significance of "Free" Service"
1018:
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of General Motors) Medium Tank turret mounting the 76 mm M1 gun with an
1050:"United States versus United Shoe Machinery Corporation: On the Merits"
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1239:"U.S. VS. MICROSOFT: THE REMEDY; Some Possible Carrots and Sticks"
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prototype armored combat vehicles with externally mounted main gun
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96:
Share of the United Shoe Machinery Corporation, issued 4. May 1916
91:
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Bloody Skies: U.S. Eighth Air Force Battle Damage in World War II
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477:
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IVI Gun Motor Carriage, quadruple .50 caliber machine gun (main)
190:
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antitank gun and carriage, both manufactured by the United Shoe
817:
automatic assembly machines for assembling military radar sets
357:, one .30 caliber commander's machinegun, and one .50 caliber
271:
The corporation pioneered the development and production of a
29:
85:
A vintage postcard with the United Shoe Machinery factory in
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of tanks carried a gun turret, developed by the corporation
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T77 gun motor carriage housed T89 multibarreled gun mount
123:
the American shoe machinery business. It was an important
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brought proceedings against USM alleging a breach of the
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medium tank, designed and constructed by the United Shoe
57:
1618:
Historic American Engineering Record in Massachusetts
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Development of Aircraft Turrets in the AAF, 1917–1944
1303:
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1393:, Iron Age, October 30, 1941, v. 148, no. 18, p. 95.
895:
United Shoe Machinery Corporation Records, 1898–1987
1509:(2nd ed.). Spearville, KS: Feist Publications.
1434:, Iron Age, October 9, 1941, v. 148, no. 15, p. 95.
282:corporate Research Division designed and developed
166:. It had subsidiaries in other countries including
1293:, The Exponent, January 1949, v. 61, no. 1, p. 29.
897:by Smithsonian National Museum of American History
162:, with key production facilities scattered around
1506:Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series
1017:Blair, Roger D.; Herndon, Jill Boylston (2000).
734:featured a power turret developed together with
1557:The Ordnance Department: Procurement and Supply
1085:. Harvard Law School. July 2004. Archived from
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1423:
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365:in addition to driver stabilization, internal
1613:Former defense companies of the United States
1390:United Shoe Builds Guns For and Against Tanks
774:featured a power-operated M5 waist gun mounts
450:multibarrel .50 caliber machine gun mount T89
8:
1520:(1st ed.). Novato, CA: Presidio Press.
1517:Stuart: A History of the American Light Tank
1048:Masten, Scott E.; Snyder, Edward A. (1993).
16:Defunct manufacturer of industrial machinery
1643:Manufacturing companies established in 1899
1599:", 6 photos, 1 photo caption page
1537:"WW II "Turtle series" of armored vehicles"
1414:
1402:
862:United Shoe Machinery Corporation Clubhouse
558:37 mm tank gun M5 installed at a turret of
857:United Shoe Machinery Corporation Building
1633:Companies based in Beverly, Massachusetts
1373:
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383:IVI-C Gun Motor Carriage, twin 37 mm guns
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150:made by other manufacturers. Founded in
80:
1138:. Shoe Trades Publishing. p. 115.
1136:USM Serving the Shoemaker for 100 years
873:
258:Apax Partners Corporate Finance Limited
1638:American companies established in 1899
1571:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
1554:Thomson, Harry C.; Mayo, Lida (1960).
814:electronic component assembly machines
588:37 mm towed antitank gun carriage
1158:
1121:
305:of modular design, kindred by common
186:Shoe Machinery Company; Consolidated
7:
1593:Historic American Engineering Record
1463:Defense Technical Information Center
1322:
1307:
1279:, 5 September 1963, no. 355, p. 502.
1173:"Curtain Time for the I. B. M. Case"
718:ball turret developed together with
1290:His Brogue Livens Field Test of Gun
948:"The United Shoe Machinery Company"
909:"The United Shoe Machinery Company"
1054:The Journal of Law & Economics
671:power-operated M5 waist gun mounts
14:
1023:Review of Industrial Organization
238:, an organisation half its size.
101:United Shoe Machinery Corporation
1623:Industrial machine manufacturers
1204:Smith, William D. (1972-02-13).
1171:Smith, William D. (1975-05-18).
836:
545:
521:
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353:; plus twin 30 mm driver's
34:
706:
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253:. In 1995 UMG was acquired by
222:, the drive mechanism for the
49:format but may read better as
1:
247:British United Shoe Machinery
168:British United Shoe Machinery
158:were eventually relocated to
21:British United Shoe Machinery
952:Journal of Political Economy
913:Journal of Political Economy
313:, interchangeable armament,
236:Stanley Engineered Fastening
1659:
1237:Harmon, Amy (2001-06-29).
708:
685:installations for aircraft
599:
474:
327:Armoured fighting vehicles
303:armoured fighting vehicles
18:
1514:Hunnicutt, R. P. (1992).
1503:Hunnicutt, R. P. (1996).
882:United Shoe Machinery Co.
245:led by the management of
1595:(HAER) No. MA-71, "
1535:Icks, Robert J. (1965).
688:gas-piston operated guns
267:Research and development
1565:Veronico, Nick (2014).
1415:Thomson & Mayo 1960
1403:Thomson & Mayo 1960
1272:Substitutes for Leather
115:, particularly for the
58:converting this article
1549:(1, January–February).
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485:
448:T77 Gun Motor Carriage
292:fire control equipment
196:
156:corporate headquarters
152:Beverly, Massachusetts
97:
89:
87:Beverly, Massachusetts
23:. For other uses, see
946:Roe, Richard (1914).
907:Roe, Richard (1913).
785:
766:
746:
730:
714:
681:controls for special
665:XB-40 Flying Fortress
605:
584:37 mm antitank gun M3
480:
401:combat vehicles with
351:automatic feed system
207:Sherman Antitrust Act
201:In December 1947 the
180:
95:
84:
25:USMC (disambiguation)
1134:Howie, Iain (1999).
852:Jan Ernst Matzeliger
809:Industrial machinery
716:B-17 Flying Fortress
635:B-17 Flying Fortress
626:aircraft gun turrets
594:fuze setting devices
363:weapon stabilization
125:federal government's
113:industrial machinery
1089:on 10 December 2012
798:military satellites
796:machined items for
791:Aerospace equipment
697:utility helicopters
691:machined items for
355:coaxial machine gun
255:Venture Capitalists
107:) was a U.S.-based
1455:Holley, Irving B.
1405:, pp. 81, 87.
1243:The New York Times
1210:The New York Times
1177:The New York Times
990:The New York Times
788:
776:
759:
739:
736:W. L. Maxson Corp.
723:
647:pressurized turret
611:
486:
440:T22E1 (Chrysler's
403:oscillating turret
128:defense contractor
117:shoe manufacturing
98:
90:
60:, if appropriate.
1325:, pp. 26–27.
780:
779:
720:Lockheed Aircraft
615:
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467:37 mm tank gun M5
315:automatic loading
273:synthetic leather
243:management buyout
148:military hardware
136:Interbellum years
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573:Infantry weapons
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432:Fisher Body Div.
388:crew compartment
371:air conditioning
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321:Production items
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56:You can help by
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732:XSB2A Buccaneer
669:XB-41 Liberator
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1488:
1487:Veronico 2014
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1277:New Scientist
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753:
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216:hot glue gun
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144:Cold war era
140:World War II
109:manufacturer
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562:light tank
413:Gun turrets
336:medium tank
288:gun turrets
278:During the
275:materials.
132:World War I
130:during the
121:monopolized
111:of various
1628:Shoemaking
1607:Categories
1256:2024-07-27
1223:2024-07-27
1190:2024-07-27
1159:Howie 1999
1122:Howie 1999
1003:2024-07-27
868:References
656:gun mounts
508:T20-series
436:autoloader
397:prototype
284:gun mounts
241:In 1987 a
228:pop rivets
70:April 2017
1431:Contracts
1323:Icks 1965
1308:Icks 1965
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232:Concorde
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142:and the
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344:⁄
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220:pop-top
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174:History
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