235:(October 22, 1976) (P.L. 94-588; 16 U.S.C. §§ 1600–1614, August 17, 1974, as amended 1976, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1988 and 1990). This act reorganized, expanded, and otherwise amended the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974, which called for the management of renewable resources on national forest lands. The National Forest Management Act requires the Secretary of Agriculture to assess forest lands, develop a management program based on multiple-use, sustained-yield principles, and implement a resource management plan for each unit of the National Forest System. It is the primary statute governing the administration of national forests.
201:(June 4, 1897) (16 U.S.C. §§ 473–478, 479-482 and 551, June 4, 1897, as amended 1905, 1911, 1925, 1962, 1964, 1968, and 1976). This act is the original organic act governing the administration of national forest lands. The act specified the purposes for which forest reserves might be established and provided for their protection and management. Today, this act is one of several Federal laws under which the Forest Service operates. While the Organic Administration Act remains significant, it must be read in conjunction with the later acts, which expand the purpose and uses of the national forests.
195:(March 3, 1891) (Section 24 of the General Land Law Revision Act of 1891, also known as the Creative Act; 26 Stat. 1103; 16 U.S.C. §§ 471, repealed 1976 by P.L. 94-579, FLPMA). This act gave the President authority to establish forest reserves from public domain lands. The forest reserves, then comprising 63 million acres (250,000 km), formed the foundation of the National Forest System. In February 1905, Congress transferred the Forest Reserves from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Agriculture. In July 1905, the Bureau of Forestry was renamed the Forest Service.
207:(June 12, 1960) (P.L. 86-517; 16 U.S.C. §§ 528–531). This act declares that the purposes of the national forests include outdoor recreation, range, timber, watershed, and fish and wildlife. The act directs the Secretary of Agriculture to administer national forest renewable surface resources for multiple use and sustained yield. The act does not affect the jurisdiction or responsibilities of the States, the use or administration of the mineral resources of national forest lands, or the use or administration of Federal lands not within the national forests.
342:, Section 601, Division C, of P.L. 110-343 (Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008). The legislation provides financial assistance to rural counties affected by the decline in revenue from timber harvests in Federal lands. Funds are used for schools and roads, as well as to create employment opportunities, to maintain current infrastructure, and to improve the health of watersheds and ecosystems. More than $ 2.1 billion will be distributed to eligible States and counties over a 4-year period (FY 2008–2011).
330:(October 6, 1972) (P.L. 92-463; 5 U.S.C. §§ Appendix 2). The act governs the behavior of approximately 1,000 Federal advisory committees. In particular, the act restricts the formation of such committees to only those that are deemed essential and limits their powers to provision of advice to officers and agencies in the executive branch of the Federal Government. The act requires that administrative procedures and hearings be public knowledge.
241:(July 1, 1978) (P.L. 95-313; 16 U.S.C. §§ 2101–2111, July 1, 1978, as amended 1990, 1991, 1992, 1996 and 2008). This act, as amended, authorizes the State and private forestry activities of the Forest Service—including fire, forest management, forest health, wood utilization, urban and community forestry, forest land easements, and organizational management assistance—to State forestry agencies.
213:(January 1, 1970) (P.L. 91–190; 42 U.S.C. §§ 4321–4347). This act requires Federal agencies to integrate environmental values into their decisionmaking processes by considering the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions. To meet this requirement, Federal agencies must analyze the environmental effects of proposed actions, such as through an
324:(October 2, 1968) (P.L. 90-542, 82 Stat. 906, as amended; 16 U.S.C. §§ 1271(note), 1271–1287). This act established a National Wild and Scenic Rivers System to include rivers possessing "outstandingly remarkable" values to be preserved in free-flowing condition. The act designated the initial components of this system and prescribed how future additions to the system would be evaluated.
306:(July 14, 1955) (P.L. 84–159; 42 U.S.C. §§ 7401–7602). This act was the first Federal legislation involving air pollution. This act provided funds for Federal research in air pollution. Major amendments were made to this act by P.L. 88-206 and P.L. 95–95 to help control air pollution and increase the authority and responsibility of the Federal Government to help provide clean air.
294:(March 1, 1911) (P.L. 61-435, CH. 186, 36 Stat. 961, as amended; 16 U.S.C. §§ 480, 500, 515, 516, 517, 517a, 518, 519, 521, 552, 563). This act authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to examine, locate, and purchase forested, cutover, or denuded lands within the watersheds of navigable streams necessary to regulate the flow of navigable streams or for timber production.
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312:(September 3, 1964) (P.L. 88-577, 78 Stat. 890 as amended; 16 U.S.C §§ 1131 (note), 1131–1136). This act established the National Wilderness Preservation System and designated the initial components of that system. These lands are to be administered for the use and enjoyment of the American people and for the preservation of their wilderness character.
245:
Title XII, Subtitle B; 16 U.S.C. §§ 1641–1648). The act provides an updated and expanded authority for research by the Forest
Service, including allowing competitive grants, performing research studies, recycling wood fiber, conducting tests, and establishing a forestry student grant program for minority and female students.
300:(Federal Water Pollution Control Act) (June 30, 1948) (P.L. 80-845; 33 U.S.C. §§ 1251–1387, October 18, 1972, as amended 1973–1983, 1987, 1988, 1990–1992, 1994, 1995, and 1996). This act is a comprehensive statute aimed at restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters.
318:(September 3, 1964) (P.L. 88-578, 78 Stat. 897 as amended; 16 U.S.C. §§ 460l-4 through 6a, 460l-7 through 460l-10, 460l-10a-d, 460l-11). This act provides money to Federal, State, and local governments to purchase land, water, and wetlands. Land is bought from landowners at fair-market value, unless donated.
244:
Forest and
Rangeland Renewable Resources Research Act of 1978 (June 30, 1978) (P.L. 95-307, as amended by P.L. 100–521, Forest Ecosystems and Atmospheric Pollution Research Act of 1988, Section 3 (c), and as amended by P.L. 101–624, Food Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (Farm Bill),
229:(August 17, 1974) (P.L. 93-348, 88 Stat. 476, as amended; 16 U.S.C §§ 1600(note), 1600–1614). This act requires preparation of a strategic plan for all Forest Service activities every 5 years based on an assessment of renewable natural resources on all land ownerships every 10 years.
248:
Foreign
Operation Appropriations Act of 1978 (November 5, 1990) (P.L. 101–513, 104 Stat. 2070; 16 §§ U.S.C. 4501 note, 4501, 4502, 4503, 4503a to 4503d, 4504, 4505, 1641, 1643, 2101, 2109). Title VI of this act provides authority for international forestry activities of the Forest
857:
Dr. Franklin B. Hough was originally given the title of "Forestry Agent" in 1876. In 1881 the title was changed to "Chief". When
Pinchot became Chief of the Division, he requested that his title be changed from "Chief" to "Forester". The title "Chief Forester" was adopted in
143:
authorized the
Secretary of Agriculture to purchase cutover, denuded, and other forested lands for flood and fire control. This new authority led to the expansion of National Forests in the Eastern United States and the protection and restoration of millions of acres of
336:, (October 21, 1976) (43 USC 1701–2, 1711–23, 1732–37, 1740–42, 1744, 1746–48, 1751–53, 1761–71, 1781–82). This statute provides the basic policies for Federal land management and governs actions such as acquisitions, sales, exchanges, withdrawals, and rights of way.
255:(Farm Bill) (P.L. 110–234) The Farm Bill is passed every several years and deals with both agriculture and all other affairs under the purview of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The most recent act, P.L. 110–234, contains new authorities for the Forest Service:
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From the 1890s to the present, there has been a fierce rivalry over control of forests between the
Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior. Numerous proposals have failed and the Forest Service remains a part of the Department of Agriculture.
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1905 The
Transfer Act of 1905 transfers the management of forest reserves from the General Land Office (within the Department of the Interior) to the Bureau of Forestry (within the Department of Agriculture). The name of the agency changes to the Forest
261:
Subtitle A: Amendment to the
Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978. Establishes national priorities for private forest conservation, a community forest and open space conservation program, and a Secretary level Forest Resources Coordinating
223:(December 28, 1973) (16 USC 1531–36, 1538–40). This act governs the process of identifying threatened and endangered species, provides protections for such species, and governs Federal actions that could affect such species or their habitat.
269:
Subtitle C. Amendments to Other
Forestry Related Laws. Amends the Lacey Act to include the illegal taking of plants, establishes an Emergency Forest Restoration Program, and renews authority and funding for the Healthy Forest Reserve
105:, authorizing the government to purchase private lands for stream-flow protection, and to maintain the lands as national forests. This made it possible for the national forest system to expand into the eastern United States.
265:
Subtitle B: Cultural and
Heritage Cooperation Authority. Authorizes the reburial of Indian tribal human remains and cultural items found on national forest lands and temporary closure of national forest lands for cultural
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1989 The Chief 's New Perspectives initiative stresses ecosystem management and sustainability and is aimed to place timber management in line with other forest values including biodiversity, water quality, and
288:(February 1, 1905) (P.L. 58–33, Ch. 288, 33 Stat. 628; 16 §§ U.S.C. 472, 554). This act transferred administration of the forest reserves from the Department of the Interior to the Department of Agriculture.
1134:"To Remake The Appalachians: A New Order In The Mountains That is Founded On Forestry – What The Government's Appalachian Forests Mean To The People In The Mountains And To The Millions Who Want Recreation"
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1905–1945 National forest management focuses on protecting lands against overgrazing, controlling and combating fire, protecting fish and game, and providing public recreation.
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2001 The National Fire Plan is created to address the buildup of fuels caused by decades of fire suppression, climate change, and developments adjacent to forests.
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1960–1980 in response to shifting public values, the Forest Service shifts focus to managing land as integrated systems, instead of individual resources.
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1876 The Office of Special Agent for forest research is created in the Department of Agriculture to assess the state of the forests in the United States.
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1891 The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 authorizes withdrawing land from the public domain as "forest reserves," managed by the Department of the Interior.
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1944 The Forest Service begins a campaign stating "Only YOU can prevent forest fires" using a fire-injured bear as a symbol to be careful. Today,
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In 1876, Congress created the office of Special Agent in the Department of Agriculture to assess the state of the forests in the United States.
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or other method, as specified in applicable rules. The act also established the President's Council on Environmental Quality.
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authorized the Secretary of Interior to obtain title to privately owned land located within national forest boundaries.
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1098:
Calkin, David E., et al. "Forest Service large fire area burned and suppression expenditure trends, 1970–2002."
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1946–1960 National forests experience increased demand on forest resources, especially timber and recreation.
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The following are additional laws with significant influence on the mission of the Forest Service:
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Title IX: Energy Establishes Forest Biomass for Energy and Community Wood Energy grant programs.
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was appointed the head of the office. In 1881, the office was expanded into the newly formed
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Gifford Pinchot (right) and Theodore Roosevelt shaped the early history of the Forest Service
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1881 The Office of the Special Agent is expanded into the newly formed Division of Forestry.
1233:
Stephens, Scott L. "Forest fire causes and extent on United States Forest Service lands."
1174:
The American People and the National Forests: The First Century of the U.S. Forest Service
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authorized withdrawing land from the public domain as "forest reserves," managed by the
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was the first Chief Forester of the US Forest Service. In 1911, Congress passed the
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and conservation organizations, led the effort to manage forest for the public good.
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of the Interior Department to the Bureau of Forestry, henceforth known as the US
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Thomas, Jack Ward. (1996) "Forest Service perspective on ecosystem management."
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Texas A&M University, West Virginia University, University of Massachusetts
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University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point and the University of Minnesota
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grew to protect and use millions of acres of forest on public land.
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340:
Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000
49:, an early advocate of scientific forestry, along with President
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1901 The Division of Forestry is renamed the Bureau of Forestry.
1118:
The Big Burn: Teddy Roosevelt & the Fire That Saved America
37:
Starting in 1876, and undergoing a series of name changes, the
1162:
Wars in the Woods: The Rise of Ecological Forestry in America
954:
Polenberg, Richard (1967). "The Great Conservation Contest".
227:
Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974
1273:"Inventory of the Edward Parley Cliff Papers, 1931 – 1985"
89:
transferred the management of forest reserves from the
1289:"Inventory of the R. Max Peterson Papers, 1970 – 1990"
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is one of the most widely recognized icons in America.
1221:
The Forest Service: A study in public land management
1209:
Polenberg, Richard. "The Great Conservation Contest"
501:
University of California & Yale Forestry School
81:. In 1901, the Division of Forestry was renamed the
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History of organizations based in the United States
634:University of Minnesota & Yale Forestry School
539:College of Charleston & Yale Forestry School
748:University of Vermont, Oregon State University
1185:"Shall Our Forests Be "Developed" Or Renewed?"
976:The USDA Forest Service --- The First Century
520:Dickinson College & Yale Forestry School
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316:Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965
1228:The US forest service: A centennial history
239:Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978
1255:The USDA Forest Service: the first century
840:Environmental history of the United States
253:Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
205:Multiple Use - Sustained Yield Act of 1960
577:Iowa State College & Forestry School
199:Forest Service Organic Administration Act
1320:History of forestry in the United States
879:"U.S. Forest Service History Collection"
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1190:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
1139:The World's Work: A History of Our Time
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384:Union College, Western Reserve College
1235:International Journal of Wildland Fire
403:Yale University, Yale Divinity School
334:Federal Land Policy and Management Act
233:National Forest Management Act of 1976
1176:(2009), history by a leading scholar
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1112:(University Press of Kansas, 1988).
1026:"Chiefs of the U.S. Forest Service"
1048:"History --- Leadership Time Line"
1002:"United States Forest Service FAQ"
25:
1183:Knappen, Theodore M. (May 1922).
211:National Environmental Policy Act
149:General Land Exchange Act of 1922
91:United States General Land Office
1086:. U.S. Department of Agriculture
982:. U.S. Department of Agriculture
1230:(U of Washington Press, 2013).
1132:Hall, William L. (July 1914).
1077:Bergoffen, William W. (1976).
356:Forest Service Chief Foresters
328:Federal Advisory Committee Act
215:environmental impact statement
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1110:Timber and the forest service
1080:100 Years of Federal Forestry
786:Mississippi State University
425:; Prussian Forest Academy at
347:List of Forest Service chiefs
18:United States Chief Foresters
1315:United States Forest Service
1257:(USDA Forest Service, 2000)
973:Williams, Gerald W. (2000).
767:Washington State University
186:United States Forest Service
39:United States Forest Service
1253:Williams, Gerald W. (2000)
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472:Henry "Harry" Solon Graves
322:Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
193:Forest Reserve Act of 1891
79:Department of the Interior
75:Forest Reserve Act of 1891
1219:Robinson, Glen O. (2013)
1211:Forest History Newsletter
956:Forest History Newsletter
929:"The Big Burn-Transcript"
805:University of Washington
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435:
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43:Department of Agriculture
1291:. Forest History Society
1275:. Forest History Society
1226:Steen, Harold K. (2013)
1028:. Forest History Society
881:. Forest History Society
423:University of Königsberg
1245:Ecological Applications
1102:103.4 (2005): 179–183.
935:. PBS. February 3, 2015
672:University of Arkansas
653:University of Missouri
596:University of Michigan
558:University of Michigan
1237:14.3 (2005): 213–222.
1213:(1967) 10 (4): 13–23.
1124:Frome, Michael. (1984)
1116:Egan, Timothy (2009).
412:Bernhard Eduard Fernow
221:Endangered Species Act
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1247:6.3 (1996): 703–705.
393:Nathaniel H. Egleston
258:Title VIII: Forestry
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824:Southern University
729:University of Idaho
463:U.S. Forest Service
444:Division of Forestry
419:Division of Forestry
400:Division of Forestry
381:Division of Forestry
286:Transfer Act of 1905
87:Transfer Act of 1905
71:Division of Forestry
1100:Journal of Forestry
1052:U.S. Forest Service
933:American Experience
905:U.S. Forest Service
821:U.S. Forest Service
802:U.S. Forest Service
783:U.S. Forest Service
764:U.S. Forest Service
745:U.S. Forest Service
726:U.S. Forest Service
707:U.S. Forest Service
688:U.S. Forest Service
669:U.S. Forest Service
650:U.S. Forest Service
631:U.S. Forest Service
615:Utah State College
612:U.S. Forest Service
593:U.S. Forest Service
574:U.S. Forest Service
555:U.S. Forest Service
536:U.S. Forest Service
529:Ferdinand A. Silcox
517:U.S. Forest Service
498:U.S. Forest Service
479:U.S. Forest Service
455:Bureau of Forestry
1223:(RFF Press, 2013).
1126:The Forest Service
795:Vicki Christiansen
586:Richard E. McArdle
552:1939–1943 (acting)
491:William B. Greeley
135:Great Fire of 1910
83:Bureau of Forestry
51:Theodore Roosevelt
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662:F. Dale Robertson
374:Franklin B. Hough
176:Major legislation
67:Franklin B. Hough
16:(Redirected from
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1295:October 19,
1279:October 19,
1090:October 19,
1057:October 19,
1032:October 19,
986:October 19,
962:(4): 13–23.
939:January 23,
910:October 19,
885:October 19,
814:Randy Moore
184:govern the
168:recreation.
156:Smokey Bear
1309:Categories
865:References
776:Tony Tooke
495:1920 -1928
365:Education
262:Committee.
1201:August 4,
1150:August 4,
901:"History"
830:Sources:
799:2018–2021
780:2017–2018
761:2009–2017
742:2007–2009
723:2001–2007
704:1996–2001
685:1993–1996
666:1987–1993
647:1979–1987
628:1972–1979
609:1962–1972
590:1952–1962
571:1943–1952
533:1933–1939
514:1928–1933
476:1910–1920
460:1905–1910
452:1901–1905
441:1898–1901
416:1886–1898
397:1883–1886
378:1876–1883
292:Weeks Act
266:purposes.
147:1922 The
141:Weeks Act
139:1911 The
133:1910 The
103:Weeks Act
834:See also
270:Program.
249:Service.
127:Service.
109:Timeline
1197:: 78–88
1164:(2006)
61:History
41:of the
1259:online
1249:online
1239:online
1215:online
1178:online
1166:online
1104:online
427:Münden
85:. The
73:. The
1084:(PDF)
1005:(PDF)
980:(PDF)
858:1935.
846:Notes
144:land.
1297:2011
1281:2011
1203:2009
1195:XLIV
1152:2009
1144:XLIV
1092:2011
1059:2011
1034:2011
1012:2013
988:2011
941:2019
912:2011
887:2011
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