192:). It was transferred with BES to DOL by Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1949, effective August 20, 1949. It was assigned as part of BES to Manpower Administration by Secretary's Order 3-63, February 19, 1963. It was abolished with BES, effective March 17, 1969, by Secretary's Order 14-69, March 14, 1969. USES' Veterans Employment Service and Farm Labor and Rural Manpower Service reconstituted as part of USTES, Manpower Administration.
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by EO 9247, September 17, 1942. USES headquarters functions were absorbed by Bureau of
Placement, WMC, with Employment Office Service Division administering local USES offices. WMC was terminated by EO 9617, September 19, 1945, and USES transferred to DOL as autonomous bureau. USES was restored to BES by act of June 16, 1948 (
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employer had no racial preferences “but community custom or past hiring practices of the employer indicate that he may refuse to hire individuals of a particular race, color, creed, or national origin, the employment office interviewer shall ascertain whether or not he has any restrictive specifications.”
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instructional manual for the USES during wartime from the 1940s, it reads that the USES policy was, “to make all referrals without regard to race, color, creed, or national origin except when an employer’s order includes these specifications which the employer is not willing to eliminate,” and if the
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The 2d USES was transferred to SSB in newly created FSA by
Reorganization Plan No. I of 1939, effective July 1, 1939, and consolidated with Bureau of Unemployment Compensation to form BES (SEE 183.2). It was transferred from BES to War Manpower Commission (WMC) in the Office for Emergency Management
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argues that, “although the agency stated its general opposition to racial discrimination, it referred very few
African Americans to jobs in war industries, defense training courses, or youth work-defense projects. In fact, the central administration encouraged its branches, especially in the South,
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USTES was abolished by
Manpower Administration order, December 12, 1971. USTES' employment service components were reconstituted in Manpower Administration as the 3d USES, with the status of an autonomous programmatic unit. Retained autonomous status in ETA, successor, by Secretary's Order 14-75,
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Study 49, at 22, 23, Bureau of
Agricultural Economics (BAE), Division of Program Surveys, Project Files, 1940-1945, National Archives, Record Group 83; Gunnar Myrdal et al., An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1944), 417-18 (quoting
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127:), March 4, 1913, and made part of separate Bureau of Immigration. Designated USES, ca. 1915, and functioned as a general placement agency. Made an autonomous unit within DOL by department order, January 3, 1918.
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had created many government-funded work projects to help boost the economy and the USES was responsible for hiring the workers on those projects. The USES operated originally in only a few states but by
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The 1st USES was established as the
Division of Information in the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization, Department of Commerce and Labor, by the
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In around 1890, both the United States and
European governments created government-funded employment offices to provide work for unemployed
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November 12, 1975, to
Manpower Administration. It was assigned, with UIS and OTAA, to newly established OES, ETA, 1982.
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in providing labor exchange and job finding assistance to job seekers and employers". It is currently within the
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The Human
Tradition in American Labor History, Written by Risa L. Goluboff Edited by Aric Arnesen
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Like many labor organizations of its time, the USES officially stated a belief in
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to oblige employer preferences by accommodating racial discrimination.” In the
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Workforce
Innovation and Opportunity Act (H.R. 803; 113th Congress)
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State Unemployment Insurance and Employment Service Operations
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Gale Encyclopedia of US History: US Employment History
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in the workplace, yet it provided fewer jobs for its
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responsible for "assisting coordination of the State
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39:creating the US Employment Service. June 6, 1933
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35:signs the
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