410:, whose political and economic thinking could be judged by his charge that the U.S. "income tax was part of a plot by Fabian Socialists operating from England to pave the way for socialism in this country." New York attorney Rene A. Wormser, who headed the staff, had proposed that "the inquiry be made without public hearings" or "the testimony of interested persons" and instead that the staff "devote its time to independent study and inquiry."
397:
their case. Reece said the foundations would be permitted to file statements and thereby get "a fair opportunity to put their best foot forward at the same time that they escaped the embarrassment of cross-examination." The committee staff, however, apparently "deliberately ignored" the statements in preparing the report. Judging by a pro-foundation witness allowed to testify, Dr.
389:, refused to sign the final report. The Hays-Pfost minority report charged that the foundations "have been indicted and convicted under procedures which can only be characterized as barbaric." The minority accused Chairman Reece and the committee staff of a "deep-seated antagonism toward foundations" which might "well be characterized as
935:
326:
to a foundation holding more than 5%-10% of any business' capital or securities, and a ban on using foundation funds to support "socialism, collectivism or any other form of society or government which is at variance with the basic principles of ours" (existing law prohibited its use only for support
94:
covering virtually every aspect of their operations. The foundations cooperated willingly. In the committee's final report, submitted to
Congress in January 1953, endorsed the loyalty of the foundations. "So far as we can ascertain, there is little basis for the belief expressed in some quarters that
377:
from many of its findings and conclusions and with the understanding that I may file a supplementary statement to follow". In his supplementary statement he disagreed with the main points of the Reece Report and agreed with the diametrically opposite conclusions of the Cox
Committee of which he had
313:
Some of the larger foundations have directly supported 'subversion' in the true meaning of that term--namely, the process of undermining some of our vitally protective concepts and principles. They have actively supported attacks upon our social and governmental system and financed the promotion of
98:
Unhappy with the Cox
Committee's conclusions, Rep. Reece pushed for a continuation of its work. In April 1954, the House authorized the Reece Committee. Unlike its predecessor, which limited its attention to generalities, the Reece Committee mounted a comprehensive inquiry into both the motives for
396:
According to the minority report: The majority and committee staff were guilty of "an evil disregard of fundamental
American guarantees." Anti-foundation witnesses were heard in full and their testimony published but the hearings were concluded as soon as pro-foundation witnesses began to present
405:
president whose testimony was cut off "midway," public testimony "was far from embarrassing" and was "the one certain way that accused by the staff ... could destroy the deadly inferences, innuendoes and charges." By contrast, the committee gave 3 days to the testimony of San
Francisco attorney
280:
outside of the local community, and that this 'revolution' had occurred without violence and with the full consent of an overwhelming majority of the electorate." He also stated that this revolution "could not have occurred peacefully, or with the consent of the majority, unless education in the
86:
foundations and other comparable organizations which are exempt from federal taxes to determine whether they were using their resources for the purposes for which they were established, and especially to determine which such foundations and organizations are using their resources for un-American
297:
by foundations concerned the committee, it saw their concentrated power as the more central threat. Even if benign, this power posed a threat to democratic government. The Reece
Committee's report, submitted in the midst of the ultimately successful efforts to censure Senator
260:
in scholarship and in the techniques of teaching which, lately, has attracted the attention of the
American public, has apparently been caused primarily by a premature effort to reduce our meager knowledge of social phenomena to the level of an applied science."
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19:
This article is about the 1952–54 investigation into non-profits. For the 80s and 90s report on the People's
Republic of China's covert operations within the United States, see
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268:'. They also indicated conclusively that the responsibility for the economic welfare of the American people had been transferred heavily to the
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35:
309:, foundations have not directly supported organizations which, in turn, operated to support communism." However, the report did conclude that
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31:
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nature, the committee became subject to attack. In the Dodd report to the Reece
Committee on Foundations, he gave a definition of the word "
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498:
264:
He stated that his research staff had discovered that in "1933–1936, a change took place which was so drastic as to constitute a '
216:", saying that the term referred to "Any action having as its purpose the alteration of either the principle or the form of the
402:
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446:
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534:
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302:, failed to attract much attention. McCarthy's fall led to a discrediting of all efforts that ' smacked of redbaiting '.
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354:. However, the two Democrats on the committee did not sign the final report and were extremely critical of it.
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activities and subversive activities or for purposes not in the interest or tradition of the United States."
456:
World News Digest: Foundations Probe: Reece Unit vs. Foundations; Other
Developments (subscription required)
43:
229:
373:
Goodwin added a note below his signature: "In signing this report, I do so with strong reservations and
245:
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163:
115:
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establishing foundations and their influence on public life. The investigative inquiry was headed by
330:
This final report was made up by the majority in the committee, three Republicans: Representatives
237:
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between 1952 and 1954. The committee was originally created by House Resolution 561 during the
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63:
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Hearings Before the Select Committee on Tax-Exempt Foundations and Comparable Organizations
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http://www.2facts.com.wylproxy.minlib.net/Archive/temp/76987temp1954020050.asp?DBType=News
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Dwight Macdonald, "Profiles: Ford Foundation I", New Yorker, 26 November 1955, p94
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In the fall of 1952 all foundations with assets of $ 10 million or more received a
83:
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Select Committee to Investigate Tax-Exempt Foundations and Comparable Organizations
28:
Select Committee to Investigate Tax-Exempt Foundations and Comparable Organizations
577:
Gideonse, Harry D. "A Congressional Committee's Investigation of the Foundations"
468:
Harry D. Gideonse, "A Congressional Committee's Investigation of the Foundations"
209:
518:
82:, of the House of Representatives began an investigation of the "educational and
322:" to limit the lives of non-institutional foundations, 10–25 years, a denial of
205:
151:
119:
100:
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Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party
95:
foundation funds are being diverted from their intended use," the report said.
277:
265:
213:
20:
335:
47:
42:. The committee investigated the use of funds by tax-exempt organizations (
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served as chairman of the committee until his death on December 24, 1952.
343:
123:
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374:
241:
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Investigations conducted by the United States House of Representatives
523:. Hearings, 82nd Congress. Vol. 97. Government Printing Office.
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276:; that a corresponding change in education had taken place from an
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Defunct committees of the United States House of Representatives
609:
305:
The report conceded that, with several exceptions "such as the
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Foundations, America Foundations; Their Power and Influence
281:
United States had been prepared in advance to endorse it."
552:"Dodd Report to the Reece Committee on Foundations (1954)"
535:"Dodd Report to the Reece Committee on Foundations (1954)"
493:. University of Utah: Westview Press. pp. 114–115.
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served as acting chairman after Chairman Cox's death.
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Opponents criticized the committee as "investigating
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78:(or just the Cox Committee Investigation), led by
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429:Congressional Committees, 1789-1982: A Checklist
318:The report had also proposed changes in law: a "
50:. The committee was alternatively known as the
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8:
236:were using funds excessively on projects at
46:) to see if they were being used to support
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801:
720:Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
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1108:Reports of the United States government
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638:United States congressional committees
36:United States House of Representatives
715:Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
690:Commerce, Science, and Transportation
7:
665:Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry
581:25#9 (Dec., 1954), pp. 457–463
735:Small Business and Entrepreneurship
680:Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
1036:Security and Cooperation in Europe
204:The final report was submitted by
14:
899:Transportation and Infrastructure
601:Final Report of the Cox Committee
490:The Nonprofit Sector: An Overview
314:socialism and collectivist ideas.
224:means." He then argued that the
762:International Narcotics Control
583:https://doi.org/10.2307/1978168
579:The Journal of Higher Education
472:25#9 (Dec., 1954), pp. 457-463.
470:The Journal of Higher Education
403:Social Science Research Council
381:The committee's two Democrats,
889:Science, Space, and Technology
431:, Greenwood Press, p. 133
307:Institute of Pacific Relations
1:
515:U.S. House of Representatives
1087:Select or special committees
879:Oversight and Accountability
700:Environment and Public Works
695:Energy and Natural Resources
256:. He stated, "The purported
1077:Congressional subcommittees
834:Education and the Workforce
487:J. Steven Ott, ed. (2000).
327:of communism and fascism).
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1015:Capitol Historical Society
289:Although the promotion of
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139:
18:
320:rule against perpetuities
254:oligarchical collectivism
730:Rules and Administration
250:University of California
218:United States Government
58:after its two chairmen,
44:non-profit organizations
16:1952-1954 investigation
427:Walter Stubbs (1985),
316:
230:Rockefeller Foundation
1052:Democracy Partnership
311:
252:, in order to enable
246:University of Chicago
208:, and because of its
30:was an investigative
974:Inaugural Ceremonies
864:House Administration
1031:Cyberspace Solarium
839:Energy and Commerce
112:Edward "Eugene" Cox
103:, a former banker.
74:In April 1952, the
1082:Defunct committees
1026:COVID-19 Oversight
932:(permanent select)
849:Financial Services
776:(permanent select)
764:(permanent caucus)
452:2022-10-31 at the
274:Federal Government
234:Carnegie Endowment
174:Richard M. Simpson
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904:Veterans' Affairs
874:Natural Resources
859:Homeland Security
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740:Veterans' Affairs
710:Foreign Relations
590:Wormser, Rene A.
399:Pendleton Herring
348:Angier L. Goodwin
197:
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183:Angier L. Goodwin
164:Donald L. O'Toole
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340:Jesse P. Wolcott
332:B. Carroll Reece
295:moral relativism
291:internationalism
270:Executive Branch
189:B. Carroll Reece
176:, Pennsylvania,
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64:B. Carroll Reece
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60:Edward E. Cox
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52:Cox Committee
49:
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40:82nd Congress
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33:
29:
22:
1057:Human Rights
964:(Conference)
930:Intelligence
780:Intelligence
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554:. p. 6.
537:. p. 5.
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469:
428:
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391:pathological
387:Gracie Pfost
380:
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364:free thought
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285:Final report
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27:
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1001:assignments
814:Agriculture
210:provocative
206:Norman Dodd
200:Dodd report
191:, Tennessee
152:Brooks Hays
145:, Georgia,
120:Brooks Hays
101:Norman Dodd
1102:Categories
999:Commission
414:References
358:Criticisms
266:revolution
214:subversive
166:, New York
154:, Arkansas
21:Cox Report
976:(special)
869:Judiciary
758:(special)
725:Judiciary
336:Tennessee
135:Minority
132:Majority
48:communism
32:committee
990:Taxation
985:Printing
969:Economic
938:(select)
806:Standing
782:(select)
770:(select)
657:Standing
645:Senate (
636:Current
517:(1953).
450:Archived
344:Michigan
248:and the
238:Columbia
147:Chairman
124:Arkansas
54:and the
1070:Related
980:Library
914:(Whole)
794:House (
705:Finance
594:(1958)
375:dissent
278:impetus
272:of the
242:Harvard
116:Georgia
107:Members
70:History
34:of the
844:Ethics
829:Budget
768:Ethics
685:Budget
596:online
586:online
497:
371:Angier
232:, and
1045:House
1021:China
1008:Joint
951:Joint
923:Other
884:Rules
756:Aging
749:Other
955:list
796:list
647:list
495:ISBN
385:and
346:and
334:of
293:and
62:and
26:The
393:."
366:".
350:of
342:of
122:of
114:of
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953:(
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