237:
295:
housing, renewing existing living areas, decreasing density and the construction of sustainable communities. In order to deflect accusations of socialism and to protect private developers from competition, the act required the demolition of the same number of units of housing as would be built. Furthermore, it severely restricted the income of people who could reside in the new housing. It also limited the amount that could be spent to build the housing to $ 5000 per unit, which was very low even at that time. These construction projects were carried out by local housing authorities with the federal government providing the funding. Between 1939 and 1943, 160,000 units were constructed. Only 10,000 more units were constructed by 1948.
40:
236:
303:
While the
Housing Act of 1937 looked to solve American housing issues, it became marred by inequalities and problems. The main problem that rose from the legislation was the power given to the local governments. The Federal government let the local governments and voters decide on where and how to
294:
The
Housing Act of 1937 sought to eliminate what President Franklin Delano Roosevelt described as "habitations which not only fail to provide the physical benefits of modern civilization but breed disease and impair the health of future generations." The legislation outlined four goals: providing
50:
An Act to provide financial assistance to the States and political subdivisions thereof for the elimination of unsafe and insanitary housing conditions, for the eradication of slums, for the provision of decent, safe, and sanitary dwellings for families of low income, and for the reduction of
380:. This limited funding for the construction or operation of all units to the total number of units as of October 1, 1999. This requires public housing agencies to remove or consolidate existing units in order to receive funding for construction of any new units.
375:
Program. The law specifies that at least 75% of a public housing agency's
Housing Choice Vouchers be given to families making at or below 30% of the area median income. The act effectively capped the number of public housing units by creating the
137:
141:
370:
model for
Section 8, and expanded the HOPE VI program to replace traditional public housing units. The QHWRA combined Section 8's Existing Housing Certificate Program and Rental Voucher Program into the new
1187:
389:
333:
332:
programs. In 1965, the Public
Housing Administration, the U.S. Housing Authority, and the House and Home Financing Agency were all swept into the newly formed and reorganized
1265:
1360:
700:"Guidance on Complying With the Maximum Number of Units Eligible for Operating Subsidy Pursuant to Section 9(g)(3)(A) of the Housing Act of 1937 (aka the Faircloth Limit)"
304:
use the federal funding. This led to local governments maintaining segregationist housing policies as well as allowing many public housing locations to become neglected.
1270:
856:
340:
1365:
1231:
1212:
826:
1302:
925:
1292:
1236:
394:
352:
1260:
1110:
625:
1370:
1251:
1035:
1285:
1197:
321:
230:
1040:
1202:
1182:
1115:
980:
849:
741:
Heathcott, Joseph. "The strange career of public housing: Policy, planning, and the
American metropolis in the twentieth century."
1151:
1065:
734:
Clement, Bell. "Wagner-Steagall and the DC Alley
Dwelling Authority: A Bid for Housing-Centered Urban Redevelopment, 1934–1946."
123:
995:
727:
Allen, Ryan, and David Van Riper. "The new deal, the deserving poor, and the first public housing residents in New York City."
583:
269:
253:
249:
214:
96:
88:
1307:
1246:
1161:
1030:
1025:
261:
51:
unemployment and the stimulation of business activity, to create a United States
Housing Authority, and for other purposes.
1192:
1085:
990:
965:
626:"United States Housing Act of 1937 as Amended by the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998 as of 3/2/19991"
1141:
1105:
1075:
1010:
1000:
985:
975:
960:
940:
905:
895:
865:
842:
257:
1020:
784:
1312:
1297:
1241:
1166:
1080:
1070:
1045:
945:
890:
880:
809:
60:
910:
286:
Although initially controversial, it gained acceptance and provisions of the Act have remained, but in amended form.
1207:
1060:
955:
930:
885:
603:
201:
915:
1125:
1100:
1090:
1005:
970:
344:
39:
1219:
1095:
1050:
950:
935:
558:
1146:
1224:
788:
659:"Income Targeting of Housing Vouchers: What Happened After the Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act?"
265:
1317:
1156:
372:
900:
184:
814:
264:. Both the 1934 Act and the 1937 Act were influenced by American housing reformers of the period, with
818:
1332:
1120:
834:
1055:
632:
536:
348:
313:
920:
805:
681:
17:
658:
1015:
673:
518:
320:
administration set new postwar national goals for decent living environments; it also funded "
276:
1327:
1280:
508:
362:(QHWRA) was passed by Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton. Following the frame of
280:
241:
127:
119:
366:, QHWRA developed new programs to transition families out of public housing, developed a
272:, the agency created by the 1937 Act to control the payment of subsidies, for two years.
268:
chief among them. Bauer drafted much of this legislation and served as a
Director in the
493:
1275:
801:
367:
363:
329:
749:
1354:
774:“Reclaiming Public Housing: A Half Century of Struggle in Three Public Neighborhoods”
699:
399:
325:
441:
351:, authorized "Entitlement Communities Grants" to be awarded by HUD, and created the
822:
317:
210:
160:
150:
773:
766:
759:
229:, provided for subsidies to be paid from the United States federal government to
240:
Federal
Housing Administrator Stewart McDonald (right) discusses with Senator
677:
522:
225:), formally the "United States Housing Act of 1937" and sometimes called the
347:, which, among other provisions, amended the Housing Act of 1937 to create
513:
467:
767:"From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors"
685:
599:
791:, "Modern Housing," (Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1934).
587:
218:
100:
829:
419:
1337:
1322:
235:
760:"Modern Housing for America: Policy Struggles in the New Deal Era
705:. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. n.d
838:
779:
von Hoffman, Alexander. "The lost history of urban renewal."
233:(LHAs) to improve living conditions for low-income families.
631:. U.S. House Committee on Financial Services. Archived from
422:. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. n.d
390:
Mobile Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974
334:
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development
666:
Cityscape: A Journal of Policy Development and Research
494:"Public Housing Construction and the Cities: 1937–1967"
447:. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. n.d
1175:
1134:
873:
106:
87:
79:
74:
66:
55:
46:
750:“Was the 1937 U.S. Housing Act a Pyrrhic Victory?”
202:
776:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Press, 2002).
769:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Press, 2000).
602:. National Institute of Building Sciences. n.d.
473:. Congressional Research Service. 7-5700; R41654
762:" (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
275:The sponsoring legislators were Representative
850:
341:Housing and Community Development Act of 1974
8:
743:Journal of the American Planning Association
736:Journal of the American Planning Association
539:. Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston. n.d
173:on August 20, 1937 (Agreed) and by the
32:
360:Quality Housing and Work Responsibility Act
857:
843:
835:
167:Reported by the joint conference committee
1361:United States federal housing legislation
537:"1937: Housing Act (Wagner-Steagall Act)"
512:
411:
395:Subsidized housing in the United States
353:National Institute of Building Sciences
492:McDonald, John F. (November 1, 2011).
31:
7:
606:from the original on October 5, 2009
442:"US Housing Act of 1937, As Amended"
1366:Public housing in the United States
466:McCarty, Maggie (January 3, 2014).
328:projects and created many national
279:, Democrat of Alabama, and Senator
244:, author of The Wagner Housing Act
207:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
815:United States Housing Act of 1937
118:in the Senate as S. 1685 by
27:Act of the United States Congress
18:United States Housing Act of 1937
468:"Introduction to Public Housing"
177:on August 21, 1937 (Agreed)
38:
830:Statute Compilations collection
802:As codified in 42 USC chapter 8
270:United States Housing Authority
254:U.S. Department of the Interior
250:United States Housing Authority
262:Federal Housing Administration
1:
420:"FDR and Housing Legislation"
231:local public housing agencies
866:Housing in the United States
258:National Housing Act of 1934
1371:75th United States Congress
753:Journal of Planning History
142:Senate Banking and Currency
61:75th United States Congress
1387:
657:Dawkins, Casey J. (2007).
138:Senate Education and Labor
755:4, no. 3 (2005): 195–221.
345:United States federal law
159:on August 18, 1937 (
111:
37:
1152:Northern Mariana Islands
789:Wurster, Catherine Bauer
559:"A Brief History of HUD"
283:, Democrat of New York.
256:. The act builds on the
149:on August 6, 1937 (
373:Housing Choice Vouchers
266:Catherine Bauer Wurster
134:Committee consideration
1318:Missing middle housing
1232:Housing discrimination
1213:San Francisco Bay Area
729:Social Science History
501:Urban Studies Research
245:
171:agreed to by the House
868:by state or territory
783:1.3 (2008): 281–301.
745:78.4 (2012): 360–375.
738:78.4 (2012): 434–448.
638:on September 27, 2018
316:, enacted during the
239:
185:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1333:Single-family zoning
731:44.1 (2020): 91–115.
260:, which created the
248:The act created the
187:on September 1, 1937
169:on August 19, 1937;
1162:U.S. Virgin Islands
781:Journal of Urbanism
772:Vale, Lawrence J.,
765:Vale, Lawrence J.,
748:Hunt, Bradford D.,
514:10.1155/2011/985264
314:Housing Act of 1949
227:Wagner–Steagall Act
198:Housing Act of 1937
107:Legislative history
34:
33:Housing Act of 1937
1293:Subsidized housing
1237:Housing insecurity
806:United States Code
246:
130:) on July 23, 1937
1348:
1347:
1261:Mortgage industry
349:Section 8 housing
277:Henry B. Steagall
223:September 1, 1937
194:
193:
147:Passed the Senate
90:Statutes at Large
70:September 1, 1937
16:(Redirected from
1378:
1328:Parking mandates
1281:Right to housing
1167:Washington, D.C.
859:
852:
845:
836:
715:
714:
712:
710:
704:
696:
690:
689:
663:
654:
648:
647:
645:
643:
637:
630:
622:
616:
615:
613:
611:
596:
590:
580:
574:
573:
571:
569:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
533:
527:
526:
516:
498:
489:
483:
482:
480:
478:
472:
463:
457:
456:
454:
452:
446:
438:
432:
431:
429:
427:
416:
308:Major amendments
281:Robert F. Wagner
242:Robert F. Wagner
224:
208:
204:
157:Passed the House
120:Robert F. Wagner
91:
42:
35:
21:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1171:
1130:
869:
863:
798:
758:Radford, Gail,
724:
722:Further reading
719:
718:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:
693:
661:
656:
655:
651:
641:
639:
635:
628:
624:
623:
619:
609:
607:
598:
597:
593:
581:
577:
567:
565:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
535:
534:
530:
496:
491:
490:
486:
476:
474:
470:
465:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
440:
439:
435:
425:
423:
418:
417:
413:
408:
386:
378:Faircloth Limit
310:
301:
292:
222:
206:
190:
181:Signed into law
89:
56:Enacted by
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1286:Slum clearance
1283:
1278:
1276:Homestead Acts
1268:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1252:Silicon Valley
1249:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1200:
1198:Home ownership
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1176:Related topics
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:American Samoa
1138:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:South Carolina
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1041:North Carolina
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
875:
871:
870:
864:
862:
861:
854:
847:
839:
833:
832:
812:
797:
796:External links
794:
793:
792:
786:
777:
770:
763:
756:
746:
739:
732:
723:
720:
717:
716:
691:
649:
617:
591:
575:
550:
528:
484:
458:
433:
410:
409:
407:
404:
403:
402:
397:
392:
385:
382:
368:home ownership
364:welfare reform
330:public housing
322:slum clearance
309:
306:
300:
297:
291:
288:
192:
191:
189:
188:
178:
164:
154:
144:
131:
112:
109:
108:
104:
103:
93:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
63:
57:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1383:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Organizations
1264:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1247:San Francisco
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1116:West Virginia
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:New Hampshire
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
981:Massachusetts
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
876:
872:
867:
860:
855:
853:
848:
846:
841:
840:
837:
831:
828:
824:
820:
816:
813:
811:
807:
803:
800:
799:
795:
790:
787:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
768:
764:
761:
757:
754:
751:
747:
744:
740:
737:
733:
730:
726:
725:
721:
701:
695:
692:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
660:
653:
650:
634:
627:
621:
618:
605:
601:
595:
592:
589:
585:
579:
576:
564:
560:
554:
551:
538:
532:
529:
524:
520:
515:
510:
506:
502:
495:
488:
485:
469:
462:
459:
443:
437:
434:
421:
415:
412:
405:
401:
400:Urban Renewal
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
383:
381:
379:
374:
369:
365:
361:
358:In 1998, the
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
326:urban renewal
323:
319:
315:
307:
305:
298:
296:
289:
287:
284:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
243:
238:
234:
232:
228:
220:
216:
212:
205:
199:
186:
183:by President
182:
179:
176:
172:
168:
165:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
145:
143:
139:
135:
132:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
113:
110:
105:
102:
98:
94:
92:
86:
82:
78:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
1203:Homelessness
1183:Architecture
1081:South Dakota
1071:Rhode Island
1066:Pennsylvania
1046:North Dakota
817:as amended (
780:
752:
742:
735:
728:
707:. Retrieved
694:
672:(3): 69–94.
669:
665:
652:
640:. Retrieved
633:the original
620:
608:. Retrieved
594:
578:
566:. Retrieved
563:HUD Archives
562:
553:
541:. Retrieved
531:
504:
500:
487:
475:. Retrieved
461:
449:. Retrieved
436:
424:. Retrieved
414:
377:
359:
357:
338:
318:Harry Truman
311:
302:
293:
285:
274:
247:
226:
197:
195:
180:
174:
170:
166:
156:
146:
133:
115:
29:
1303:Segregation
1157:Puerto Rico
996:Mississippi
911:Connecticut
709:January 10,
610:January 10,
600:"Our Story"
477:January 10,
451:January 10,
252:within the
1355:Categories
1242:California
1208:California
1135:Non-states
1111:Washington
1031:New Mexico
1026:New Jersey
901:California
543:August 21,
426:August 21,
406:References
324:" and the
221:, enacted
213:, 50
116:Introduced
80:Public law
47:Long title
1308:Squatting
1121:Wisconsin
1086:Tennessee
991:Minnesota
966:Louisiana
825:) in the
678:1936-007X
642:March 29,
568:April 10,
525:. 985264.
523:2090-4185
75:Citations
67:Effective
1220:Colorado
1193:Eviction
1106:Virginia
1056:Oklahoma
1036:New York
1011:Nebraska
1001:Missouri
986:Michigan
976:Maryland
961:Kentucky
941:Illinois
916:Delaware
906:Colorado
896:Arkansas
686:20868632
604:Archived
582:88
507:: 1–12.
384:See also
336:(HUD).
299:Outcomes
95:50
1225:Florida
1188:Economy
1126:Wyoming
1101:Vermont
1006:Montana
946:Indiana
926:Georgia
921:Florida
891:Arizona
881:Alabama
823:details
804:of the
290:Actions
203:Pub. L.
1313:Zoning
1298:Racism
1271:Policy
1061:Oregon
1016:Nevada
956:Kansas
931:Hawaii
886:Alaska
874:States
684:
676:
586:
521:
343:was a
217:
211:75–412
209:
175:Senate
161:275-86
99:
83:75-412
1338:YIMBY
1323:NIMBY
1091:Texas
971:Maine
936:Idaho
808:from
703:(PDF)
682:JSTOR
662:(PDF)
636:(PDF)
629:(PDF)
584:Stat.
497:(PDF)
471:(PDF)
445:(PDF)
215:Stat.
151:64-16
97:Stat.
1147:Guam
1096:Utah
1051:Ohio
951:Iowa
711:2023
674:ISSN
644:2020
612:2022
570:2024
545:2022
519:ISSN
505:2011
479:2023
453:2023
428:2022
339:The
312:The
196:The
59:the
827:GPO
819:PDF
810:LII
588:662
509:doi
219:888
136:by
101:888
1357::
680:.
668:.
664:.
561:.
517:.
503:.
499:.
355:.
140:,
128:NY
858:e
851:t
844:v
821:/
713:.
688:.
670:9
646:.
614:.
572:.
547:.
511::
481:.
455:.
430:.
200:(
163:)
153:)
126:-
124:D
122:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
