638:. The ad was presented as "An Open Letter to President Clinton from 240 Economists on Antitrust Protectionism." It said in part, "Consumers did not ask for these antitrust actions – rival business firms did. Consumers of high technology have enjoyed falling prices, expanding outputs, and a breathtaking array of new products and innovations. ... Increasingly, however, some firms have sought to handicap their rivals by turning to government for protection. Many of these cases are based on speculation about some vaguely specified consumer harm in some unspecified future, and many of the proposed interventions will weaken successful U.S. firms and impede their competitiveness abroad."
49:
590:, suggesting that the effects might have been falsified. Allchin admitted that the blame for the tape problems lay with some of his staff. "They ended up filming it—grabbing the wrong screen shot", he said of the incident. Later, Allchin re-ran the demonstration and provided a new videotape, but in so doing Microsoft dropped the claim that Windows is slowed down when IE is removed. Mark Murray, a Microsoft spokesperson, berated the government attorneys for "nitpicking on issues like video production".
594:
4493:
3950:
788:
Nine states and the
District of Columbia (which had been pursuing the case together with the DOJ) did not agree with the settlement, arguing that it did not go far enough to curb Microsoft's anti-competitive business practices. On June 30, 2004, the D.C. Circuit Court approved the settlement with the Justice Department, rejecting the states' claims that the sanctions were inadequate.
809:
licensing, and stated that if the government later wished to extend those aspects of the settlement as far as 2012, it would not object. The government made clear that the extension was intended only to give the relevant part of the settlement "the opportunity to succeed for the period of time it was
746:
Jackson's response was that
Microsoft's conduct itself was the cause of any "perceived bias"; Microsoft executives had, according to him, "proved, time and time again, to be inaccurate, misleading, evasive, and transparently false. ... Microsoft is a company with an institutional disdain for both the
722:
that gives the
Supreme Court jurisdiction to hear direct appeals from the District Court level in certain antitrust cases initiated by the federal government, if "the district judge who adjudicated the case enters an order stating that immediate consideration of the appeal by the Supreme Court is of
701:
On June 7, 2000, the
District Court ordered a breakup of Microsoft as its remedy. According to that judgment, Microsoft would have to be split into two separate units, one to produce the operating system and one to produce other software components. Microsoft immediately appealed the judgment to the
609:
onto a
Windows PC. Microsoft's videotape showed the process as being quick and easy, resulting in the Netscape icon appearing on the user's desktop. The government produced its own videotape of the same process, revealing that Microsoft's videotape had conveniently removed a long and complex part of
557:
reported that "early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying 'I don't recall' so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Many of Gates's denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mails Gates both sent and
866:
for dealing with
Microsoft's behavior in March 1999. He has suggested, for instance, that Microsoft shall be required to publish complete documentation of all interfaces between software components, all communications protocols, and all files. Shortly speaking, not releasing any implementations for
613:
When the judge suggested that
Microsoft offer a version of Windows that did not include Internet Explorer, Microsoft responded that the company would offer manufacturers a choice: one version of Windows that was obsolete, or another that did not work properly. The judge asked, "It seemed absolutely
799:
that took effect in 2001 and a Final
Judgment entered in 2002. These proceedings imposed various constraints on our Windows operating system businesses. These constraints include limits on certain contracting practices, mandated disclosure of certain software program interfaces and protocols, and
787:
other software with
Windows in the future. On August 5, 2002, Microsoft announced that it would make some concessions towards the proposed final settlement ahead of the judge's decision. On November 1, 2002, Judge Kollar-Kotelly released a ruling that accepted most of the proposed DOJ settlement.
621:
were so worried about the outcome of the case that they discussed leaving
Microsoft "if they really screw the company that badly, really just split it up in a totally irrational way," Gates recalled. Microsoft defended itself in the public arena, arguing that its attempts to "innovate" were under
846:
wrote in 1999 that the antitrust case against Microsoft set a dangerous precedent that foreshadowed increasing government regulation of an industry that had been relatively free of government intrusion, and that future technological progress in the industry will be impeded as a result. After the
867:
undocumented interfaces. He has also noted that Microsoft should refrain from certifying any hardware as working with Microsoft software, unless the hardware's complete specifications have been published, so that an alternative software to support the same hardware can be implemented freely.
851:
wrote that, contrary to Friedman's forecasts, the case had to that point had little effect on Microsoft's behavior. The fines, restrictions, and monitoring imposed were not enough to prevent it from "abusing its monopolistic power and too little to prevent it from dominating the software and
830:
who assisted Judge Jackson in drafting the findings of fact at the initial District Court trial, wrote that the settlement gave Microsoft "a special antitrust immunity to license Windows and other 'platform software' under contractual terms that destroy freedom of competition." Law professor
502:
and competition, that the two were now the same product and inextricably linked, and that consumers were receiving the benefits of IE for free. Opponents countered that IE was still a separate product that did not need to be tied to Windows, since a separate version of IE was available for
782:
with third-party companies and appoint a panel of three people who would have full access to Microsoft's systems, records, and source code for five years in order to ensure compliance. However, the DOJ did not require Microsoft to change any of its code nor did it prevent Microsoft from
742:
for American judges. The Circuit Court judges accused Jackson of unethical conduct and determined that he should have recused himself from the case. Thus the Circuit Court adopted a "drastically altered scope of liability" due to Jackson's conduct, which was favorable for Microsoft.
581:
A number of videotapes were submitted as evidence by Microsoft during the trial, including one that demonstrated that removing Internet Explorer from Microsoft Windows caused slowdowns and malfunctions in Windows. In the videotaped demonstration of what then-Microsoft vice president
800:
rights for computer manufacturers to limit the visibility of certain Windows features in new PCs. We believe we are in full compliance with these rules. However, if we fail to comply with them, additional restrictions could be imposed on us that would adversely affect our business.
614:
clear to you that I entered an order that required that you distribute a product that would not work?" David Cole, a Microsoft vice president, replied, "In plain English, yes. We followed that order. It wasn't my place to consider the consequences of that."
533:. The suit began on May 18, 1998, with the Department of Justice joined by the Attorney Generals of twenty U.S. states and the District of Columbia. The case organized by the Department of Justice was focused less on interoperability, and more on
4517:
610:
the procedure and that the Netscape icon was not placed on the desktop, requiring a user to search for it. Brad Chase, a Microsoft vice president, verified the government's tape and conceded that Microsoft's own tape was falsified.
474:
integration. The central issue was whether Microsoft was allowed to bundle its IE web browser software with its Windows operating system. Bundling the two products was allegedly a key factor in Microsoft's victory in the
750:
Ultimately, the Circuit Court overturned Jackson's holding that Microsoft should be broken up as an illegal monopoly. However, the Circuit Court did not overturn Jackson's findings of fact, and held that traditional
551:. He argued over the definitions of words such as "compete", "concerned", "ask", and "we"; certain portions of the proceeding would later provoke laughter from the judge when an excerpted version was shown in court.
804:
Microsoft's obligations under the settlement, as originally drafted, expired on November 12, 2007. However, Microsoft later "agreed to consent to a two-year extension of part of the Final Judgments" dealing with
747:
truth and for rules of law that lesser entities must respect. It is also a company whose senior management is not averse to offering specious testimony to support spurious defenses to claims of its wrongdoing."
728:
703:
352:
305:
59:
431:
began an inquiry in 1990 over whether Microsoft was abusing its monopoly in the PC operating system market. The commissioners deadlocked with a 2–2 vote in 1993 and closed the investigation, but the
2437:(injunction including final settlement terms approved by the court) (note that the copy posted on the district court's web site is actually an earlier version that the court declined to approve).
2166:
771:
The Department of Justice announced on September 6, 2001 that it was no longer seeking to break up Microsoft and would instead seek a lesser antitrust penalty. Microsoft decided to draft a
530:
344:
1573:
839:
and protocols was useful only for “interoperating with a Windows Operating System Product”, not for implementing support of those APIs and protocols in any competing operating system.
714:
After Microsoft filed its appeal, the U.S. government and the states in the suit requested a process that would skip the intermediate Circuit Court and send the case directly to the
1983:
1035:
970:
947:
404:
operating system ... "Our strategies and energies as a company are totally committed to Windows, in the same way that we're committed to operating-system kernels like MS-DOS and
159:
140:
1441:
727:
at the Supreme Court, requesting the same direct appeal process without going through the Circuit Court. The Supreme Court rejected these requests and sent the appeal to the
852:
operating system industry." For that reason, Microsoft remained dominant and monopolistic after the trial, and it continued to stifle competitors and innovative technology.
2774:
874:, argued that the U.S. government recognized the benefits of including a web browser with an operating system. At the appellate level, the government dropped the claim of
31:
1028:
1961:
1847:
878:
given that—as laid out in Section 1 of the Sherman Act—it would have had to prove that more harm than good resulted from the type of tying carried out by Microsoft.
4527:
3550:
487:), since it typically took extra time to buy and install the competing browsers. Underlying these disputes were questions of whether Microsoft had manipulated its
1002:
3515:
513:
himself denied that Microsoft was a monopoly, stating "Microsoft follows the rules. Microsoft is subject to the rules." He further compared the situation with
541:; the DOJ built upon the allegation that Microsoft forced computer makers to include its Internet browser as a part of the installation of Windows software.
3986:
2280:
John Lopatka and William Page, Antitrust on Internet Time: Microsoft and the Law and Economics of Exclusion, 7 Supreme Court Economic Review 157–231 (1999)
827:
4532:
1371:
988:
479:
of the late 1990s, as every Windows user had a copy of IE. It was further alleged that this restricted the market for competing web browsers (such as
4522:
4542:
3453:
3196:
2295:
Steven Salop and R. Craig Romaine, Preserving Monopoly: Economic Analysis, Legal Standards, and the Microsoft Case, 7 Geo. Mas. L. Rev. 617 (1999)
1944:
1053:
965:
2030:
2016:
1298:
1590:
3020:
2405:
2374:
2349:
2326:
2248:
907:
778:
On November 1, 2001, the DOJ reached an agreement with Microsoft to settle the case. The proposed settlement required Microsoft to share its
586:
stated to be a seamless segment filmed on one PC, the government noticed that some icons mysteriously disappeared and reappeared on the PC's
491:
to favor IE over third-party browsers. The government also questioned Microsoft's conduct in enforcing restrictive licensing agreements with
795:
Lawsuits brought by the U.S. Department of Justice, 18 states, and the District of Columbia in two separate actions were resolved through a
4274:
4145:
3474:
2488:
1524:
2089:
400:
Although Gates says that he isn't trying to dominate the industry with sheer numbers, his strategy for dominance involves Microsoft's new
3637:
2551:
1991:
1463:
575:
432:
1775:
3191:
1757:
715:
48:
2445:
1433:
507:. They also asserted that IE was not really free because its development and marketing costs may have inflated the price of Windows.
4284:
4279:
4130:
4003:
3446:
2725:
779:
488:
377:
is widely recognized as the most influential company in the microcomputer-software industry. Claiming more than a million installed
297:
2214:
1200:
622:
attack by rival companies jealous of its success, and that government litigation was merely their pawn. A full-page ad appeared in
2286:
John Lopatka and William Page, Who Suffered Antitrust Injury in the Microsoft Case?, 69 George Washington Law Review 829-59 (2001)
1494:
447:
but remained free to integrate additional features into the operating system. In the years that followed, Microsoft insisted that
4347:
4253:
3503:
2708:
1622:
1546:
4171:
3979:
3678:
3333:
2277:
Kenneth Elzinga, David Evans, and Albert Nichols, United States v. Microsoft: Remedy or Malady? 9 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 633 (2001)
1016:
492:
325:
2053:
1402:
734:
On June 28, 2001, the Circuit Court overturned Judge Jackson's rulings against Microsoft. This was partly because Jackson had
408:," says Gates. "We're also saying that only applications that take advantage of Windows will be competitive in the long run."
4435:
4352:
3410:
3015:
3005:
863:
571:
2497:
2380:
1802:
4537:
3460:
3380:
3229:
2988:
1855:
348:
2289:
Alan Meese, Monopoly Bundling In Cyberspace: How Many Products Does Microsoft Sell ? 44 Antitrust Bulletin 65 (1999)
2182:
4150:
4125:
3212:
2714:
2460:
2455:
1121:
1957:
3100:
2283:
John Lopatka and William Page, The Dubious Search For Integration in the Microsoft Trial, 31 Conn. L. Rev. 1251 (1999)
1068:
823:
752:
601:
Microsoft later submitted a second inaccurate videotape into evidence. The issue was how easy or difficult it was for
4496:
4099:
3972:
3577:
3420:
2880:
724:
386:
822:
believed a breakup was not possible, and that "now the only way Microsoft can die is by suicide." Andrew Chin, an
4382:
4332:
4092:
3481:
3340:
2920:
1349:
900:
635:
4238:
4085:
3884:
3249:
2925:
859:
667:
428:
337:
2017:
https://web.archive.org/web/20210707231429/https://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/files/library/jsr20060512.pdf
1675:
1179:
132:
121:
4299:
4289:
4155:
3622:
3488:
3425:
3415:
2945:
2544:
2187:
806:
772:
526:
440:
356:
192:
759:. The case was remanded back to the D.C. District Court for further proceedings on this matter, with Judge
367:
By 1984 Microsoft was one of the most successful software companies, with $ 55 million in 1983 sales.
4397:
4243:
3759:
3372:
2998:
1154:
1107:
1096:
760:
99:
1379:
1057:
4233:
4140:
3754:
3259:
3095:
2696:
2366:
2167:
Microsoft’s Monopoly: Anti-Competitive Behavior, Predatory Tactics, And The Failure Of Governmental Will
1744:
1039:
974:
951:
933:
923:
695:
283:
214:
163:
144:
578:
and to "cut off Netscape's air supply" by giving away a clone of Netscape's flagship product for free.
2299:
2038:
662:, and that Microsoft had taken actions to crush threats to that monopoly, including applications from
324:, primarily through the legal and technical restrictions it put on the abilities of PC manufacturers (
17:
4392:
4367:
4337:
4228:
4068:
4063:
3874:
3809:
3794:
3764:
3719:
3689:
3437:
3144:
2960:
2779:
2576:
2571:
2012:
1249:
1101:
893:
593:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
3864:
3545:
3279:
2651:
624:
587:
484:
246:
238:
234:
1644:
1276:
443:
on July 15, 1994, in which Microsoft consented not to tie other Microsoft products to the sale of
4294:
3953:
3844:
3834:
3789:
3612:
3244:
3222:
3025:
2950:
2893:
2813:
2800:
2537:
2518:
1924:
819:
810:
intended to cover", rather than being due to any "pattern of willful and systematic violations".
719:
630:
606:
480:
390:
333:
2485:
2215:
https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&context=njtip
1532:
2082:
4470:
3995:
3879:
3647:
3642:
3557:
3395:
3347:
3269:
3181:
3122:
3105:
3085:
2983:
2955:
2930:
2843:
2823:
2666:
2479:
2401:
2370:
2345:
2322:
2244:
1581:
538:
534:
448:
444:
329:
321:
242:
2502:
2135:
1958:"Microsoft Corporation Form 10-K Annual Report for fiscal year ending June 30, 2008 (pg. 14)"
1471:
1223:
4362:
4186:
3839:
3779:
3774:
3744:
3709:
3652:
3602:
3572:
3467:
3385:
3297:
3264:
3234:
3217:
3176:
2908:
2898:
2758:
2626:
2450:
1879:
1126:
1088:, a 2001 film about "NURV", a large software company that presents a fictionalized Microsoft
1084:
1072:
875:
855:
784:
756:
691:
655:
548:
467:
459:
that it was allowed to add to Windows, although the DOJ did not agree with this definition.
250:
230:
210:
2465:
2302:, Antitrust Divestiture in Network Industries, 68 University of Chicago Law Review 1 (2001)
1902:
1718:
1502:
181:
4377:
4191:
3859:
3672:
3667:
3582:
3535:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3254:
3239:
3186:
3171:
3139:
3090:
3075:
2935:
2913:
2631:
2492:
843:
739:
687:
647:
420:
411:
Gates claimed that Microsoft's entrance into the application market with such products as
394:
347:
ruled that Microsoft's actions constituted unlawful monopolization under Section 2 of the
174:
30:
This article is about the 2001 antitrust lawsuit. For other cases with similar names, see
4460:
2226:
2110:
1984:"Microsoft Consent Decree Compliance Advisory - August 1, 2003 : U.S. V. Microsoft"
1828:
4465:
4387:
4322:
4317:
4258:
3824:
3804:
3769:
3734:
3080:
3051:
2853:
2838:
2752:
2730:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2503:
An Interview with Marc Andreessen about Microsoft antitrust litigation and browser wars
2470:
2271:
2143:
977:
954:
796:
675:
563:
504:
416:
313:
254:
1695:
1614:
690:, holding that Microsoft had engaged in monopolization, attempted monopolization, and
4511:
4423:
4342:
4135:
3931:
3694:
3400:
3274:
2940:
2903:
2691:
2682:
2661:
2620:
2431:
1323:
1208:
1042:
723:
general public importance in the administration of justice." The states also filed a
618:
517:
thirty years prior: "People who feared IBM were wrong. Technology is ever-changing."
301:
2192:
397:. Some insiders say Microsoft is attempting to be the IBM of the software industry.
4478:
4418:
4413:
4357:
3849:
3739:
3704:
3058:
3035:
2808:
2747:
2636:
2064:
1410:
1091:
735:
679:
553:
476:
1761:
1550:
385:
has decided to certify Microsoft's jump on the rest of the industry by dominating
2360:
2315:
Digital Phoenix; Why the Information Economy Collapsed and How it Will Rise Again
4327:
3869:
3819:
3684:
3662:
3632:
3617:
3354:
3134:
2863:
2858:
2848:
2828:
2106:
1806:
832:
583:
567:
471:
317:
178:
171:
129:
118:
2440:
2338:
The Microsoft Antitrust Cases - Competition Policy for the Twenty-first Century
2292:
Alan Meese, Don't Disintegrate Microsoft (Yet), 9 Geo. Mason L. Rev. 761 (2001)
4203:
3889:
3799:
3724:
3627:
3562:
3530:
3040:
3030:
2833:
2720:
2604:
2599:
2508:
1780:
1112:
862:, advocating for computing freedom, has provided suggestions to Ralph Nader's
755:
analysis was not equipped to consider software-related practices like browser
663:
544:
510:
499:
436:
382:
2362:
Winners, losers & Microsoft: competition and antitrust in high technology
1585:
1357:
547:
was called "evasive and nonresponsive" by a source present at his videotaped
213:
its Internet browser and operating system, was monopolistic behavior per the
4248:
4208:
4105:
3829:
3784:
3749:
3607:
3597:
3592:
3567:
3361:
2888:
2560:
2341:
2318:
2031:"The Once and Future King: Now the Only Way Microsoft Can Die is by Suicide"
1158:
412:
369:
309:
206:
1201:"Microsoft Drafts Settlement Proposal, Hoping to Resolve Antitrust Lawsuit"
4518:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit cases
3914:
3699:
3117:
2993:
2702:
671:
659:
2529:
2241:
Antitrust Law: An Analysis of Antitrust Principles and Their Application
4372:
4213:
4198:
4176:
3904:
3894:
3714:
3540:
3045:
2818:
2522:
2509:"How Microsoft Internet Explorer Almost Became The Default Web Browser"
570:, a senior Microsoft vice president, as having stated an intention to "
401:
1547:"Retracing the Missteps in Microsoft's Defense at Its Antitrust Trial"
498:
Microsoft argued that the merging of Windows and IE was the result of
3921:
3899:
3814:
3729:
3657:
3587:
3405:
3112:
1928:
1906:
1679:
1299:"The Microsoft case by the numbers: comparison between U.S. and E.U."
1280:
1183:
378:
125:
3964:
2398:
The Microsoft Case: Antitrust, High Technology, and Consumer Welfare
775:
proposal allowing PC manufacturers to adopt non-Microsoft software.
359:
in which Microsoft agreed to modify some of its business practices.
355:
partially overturned that judgment. The two parties later reached a
885:
462:
The government alleged that Microsoft had abused monopoly power on
306:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
60:
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
4428:
4223:
4218:
3909:
3854:
2978:
1645:"Antitrust Division | U.S. V. Microsoft: Court's Findings Of Fact"
738:
with the news media while it was still in progress, violating the
683:
592:
559:
463:
405:
4181:
3926:
3390:
3010:
2870:
2513:
189:
96:
3968:
2533:
889:
650:
on November 5, 1999, holding that Microsoft's dominance of the
439:, opened its own investigation later that year, resulting in a
3129:
836:
651:
602:
514:
2498:
Nader 0, Microsoft 0 at Upside Magazine of December 31, 1997
2111:"Free Software Matters: Shaking Up The Microsoft Settlement"
1776:"Overview of Supreme Court's cert. before judgment practice"
872:
Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property
2480:
Bill Gates deposition video at Microsoft on August 27, 1998
2183:"Free-Software Advocate Offers Remedies for Microsoft Case"
2456:
ZDnet story on 4th anniversary of Microsoft antitrust case
835:
noted that the way Microsoft was required to disclose its
1883:, 5 J. Competition L. & Econ. 581, 621–22 (2009).
531:
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
345:
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
1725:. International Committee of the Fourth International.
1252:. United States Department of Justice. August 14, 2015
944:
International Business Machines Corp. v. United States
2359:
Liebowitz, S. J.; Margolis, Stephen (March 1, 2001).
1803:"Judiciary Policies And Procedures: Codes Of Conduct"
2466:
Antitrust & the Internet: Microsoft case archive
2441:
The United States DOJ's website on U.S. v. Microsoft
4453:
4406:
4310:
4267:
4164:
4118:
4077:
4011:
4002:
3523:
3514:
3436:
3371:
3325:
3290:
3205:
3164:
3157:
3068:
2969:
2879:
2799:
2792:
2767:
2740:
2675:
2613:
2592:
2585:
2521:from the original on December 11, 2021 – via
2451:
Wired news timeline of the Microsoft antitrust case
2336:Gavil, Andrew I.; First, Harry (December 9, 2014).
2164:Gregory T. Jenkins & Robert W. Bing,
1848:"Judge Jackson Exits Microsoft Discrimination Case"
1464:"Buggy Video and More, Microsoft Is Going Backward"
686:, and others. On April 3, 2000, Jackson issued his
277:
261:
226:
221:
199:
151:
110:
105:
91:
83:
75:
65:
55:
41:
2775:Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft
2482:(Windows Media, Ogg Theora and Ogg Vorbis formats)
1589:
1250:"Memorandum Opinion : U.S. V. Microsoft Corp"
718:. Such an action is permitted by a section of the
2446:Microsoft's Antitrust Case, Microsoft News Center
2083:"DECODING MICROSOFT: A FIRST PRINCIPLES APPROACH"
1877:J. Gregory Sidak & David J. Teece,
1736:
1734:
1732:
293:United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation
70:United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation
32:United States v. Microsoft Corp. (disambiguation)
2170:, 5 J. Bus. & Econ. Research 222 (2007).
1030:Jefferson Parish Hospital District No. 2 v. Hyde
634:on June 2, 1999, created by a think tank called
2272:Decoding Microsoft: A First Principles Approach
2239:Areeda, Phillip E.; Hovenkamp, Herbert (2015).
793:
495:who were required to include that arrangement.
375:
2471:"A Case of Insecure Browsing" by Andrew Chin.
1115:interface that featured numerous allusions to
1004:Times-Picayune Publishing Co. v. United States
3980:
2545:
1434:"Microsoft Attacks Credibility of Intel Exec"
1372:"Gates deposition makes judge laugh in court"
901:
791:In its 2008 Annual Report, Microsoft stated:
466:-based personal computers in its handling of
8:
2486:The Center for the Advancement of Capitalism
2396:Page, William H.; Lopatka, John E. (2009).
2136:"The Business Community's Suicidal Impulse"
1690:
1688:
1432:Chandrasekaran, Rajiv (November 13, 1998).
828:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
818:After the 2002 settlement, industry pundit
268:
4008:
3987:
3973:
3965:
3520:
3161:
2796:
2589:
2552:
2538:
2530:
2243:(4th ed.). New York: Wolters Kluwer.
908:
894:
886:
525:The case was initially tried before Judge
353:U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit
47:
38:
1719:"U.S. Judge Orders Break-up of Microsoft"
990:United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc.
1615:"Open Letter on Antitrust Protectionism"
694:in violation of Sections 1 and 2 of the
2095:from the original on November 24, 2021.
1523:McCullagh, Declan (February 16, 1999).
1138:
966:International Salt Co. v. United States
725:petition for certiorari before judgment
137:direct appeal denied, pet. cert. denied
4528:Microsoft criticisms and controversies
4353:Microsoft Java Virtual Machine (MSJVM)
1625:from the original on February 17, 2022
1493:McCullagh, Declan (February 2, 1999),
296:, 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001), was a
18:United States Microsoft antitrust case
2134:Friedman, Milton (March–April 1999).
1892:
1890:
1572:Leibovich, Mark (December 31, 2000).
1444:from the original on February 5, 2012
1401:Neuborne, Ellen (November 30, 1998).
1199:Wilke, John R. (September 10, 2001).
423:product was not a big-time operation.
7:
2274:, 40 Wake Forest Law Review 1 (2005)
1880:Dynamic Competition in Antitrust Law
1293:
1291:
1289:
1194:
1192:
1169:
1167:
1144:
1142:
2461:ZDnet story on proposed concessions
2383:from the original on March 20, 2015
2052:Chin, Andrew (September 30, 2004).
1988:United States Department of Justice
1378:. November 16, 1998. Archived from
1324:"Gates stands tough - Mar. 3, 1998"
847:resulting settlement, the magazine
576:Netscape Communications Corporation
1964:from the original on June 14, 2019
1470:. February 3, 1999. Archived from
1348:Kawamoto, Dawn (August 28, 1998).
1111:, a 1998 video game parodying the
780:application programming interfaces
489:application programming interfaces
25:
4285:Integrated Windows Authentication
2340:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA:
2181:Jo Foley, Mary (March 10, 1999).
1990:. August 14, 2015. Archived from
1846:Thurrott, Paul (March 14, 2001).
1829:"Microsoft Judge Ripped in Court"
1525:"Compaq: It Was All a Big Mix-Up"
1495:"Feds Accuse MS of Falsification"
1350:"Gates deposition called evasive"
4533:United States antitrust case law
4492:
4491:
4444:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
4333:Channel Definition Format (.cdf)
3949:
3948:
1941:Massachusetts v. Microsoft Corp.
1920:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1898:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1741:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1671:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1272:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1222:Caruso, Denise (April 2, 1984).
1175:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1150:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1117:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
1054:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
849:Business & Economic Research
597:Bill Gates during his deposition
493:original equipment manufacturers
205:Business practices conducted by
156:Microsoft Corp. v. United States
115:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
42:United States v. Microsoft Corp.
27:2001 American antitrust law case
4523:United States computer case law
4383:Server Gated Cryptography (SGC)
3679:High Heat Major League Baseball
2400:. University of Chicago Press.
2081:Chin, Andrew (March 21, 2005).
1613:Theroux, David (June 2, 1999).
617:Gates and his successor as CEO
387:applications, operating systems
381:machines, founder and chairman
332:and use other programs such as
186:aff'd in part and rev'd in part
4543:2001 in United States case law
3334:Where do you want to go today?
2417:The Microsoft Antitrust Appeal
1224:"Company Strategies Boomerang"
864:Consumer Project on Technology
605:users to download and install
566:, called as a witness, quoted
308:. The U.S. government accused
1:
3381:Bundling of Microsoft Windows
2054:"A case of insecure browsing"
1717:Ingram, Mike (June 9, 2000).
736:improperly discussed the case
704:D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals
349:Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890
1122:Removal of Internet Explorer
1017:United States v. Loew's Inc.
870:Chris Butts, writing in the
4141:Browser Helper Object (BHO)
3447:Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft
2473:Raleigh News & Observer
1903:231 F. Supp. 2d 144
1277: 98-CV-1232, 98-CV-1233
1069:United States antitrust law
184:(D.D.C. 2002) (on remand),
4559:
3745:Nokia Devices and Services
3638:Fast Search & Transfer
3578:The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks
3504:Microsoft v. United States
3496:United States v. Microsoft
3011:C/AL a.k.a Navision Attain
343:At the initial trial, the
29:
4487:
3944:
3482:Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft
2567:
2013:ATR-SV-DIV401;MDE;15906;7
1676:97 F. Supp. 2d 59
1619:The Independent Institute
1403:"Microsoft's Teflon Bill"
1180:87 F. Supp. 2d 30
1065:
1050:
1025:
1013:
999:
985:
962:
941:
931:
921:
654:-based personal computer
646:Judge Jackson issued his
636:The Independent Institute
328:) and users to uninstall
282:
266:
204:
46:
4239:Temporary Internet Files
3507:(2018 data privacy case)
2313:Abramson, Bruce (2005).
2298:Howard A. Shelanski and
2165:
1878:
1723:World Socialist Web Site
860:Free Software Foundation
429:Federal Trade Commission
3623:Double Fine Productions
3461:Microsoft v. Commission
2415:Reynolds, Alan (2001).
2227:"Sherman Antitrust Act"
2188:The Wall Street Journal
1205:The Wall Street Journal
807:communications protocol
527:Thomas Penfield Jackson
4398:Windows Desktop Update
4348:Internet Mail and News
4244:Vector Markup Language
3760:Obsidian Entertainment
3653:GIANT Company Software
2676:Senior leadership team
2491:July 31, 2013, at the
1211:on September 19, 2001.
1108:Microshaft Winblows 98
1097:Criticism of Microsoft
802:
761:Colleen Kollar-Kotelly
710:Appeals Court decision
598:
574:" and "smother" rival
537:strategies and market
425:
269:
3755:Nuance Communications
3499:(2001 antitrust case)
3260:Outercurve Foundation
2697:Carolina Dybeck Happe
2561:Microsoft Corporation
2517:. September 6, 2019.
2367:Independent Institute
2041:on November 25, 2015.
1008:, 345 U.S. 594 (1953)
696:Sherman Antitrust Act
658:market constituted a
596:
433:Department of Justice
284:Sherman Antitrust Act
215:Sherman Antitrust Act
4538:Microsoft litigation
4393:Windows Address Book
4268:Software and engines
3875:Vermeer Technologies
3810:Revolution Analytics
3720:Massive Incorporated
3690:inXile Entertainment
3475:Microsoft v. Lindows
2921:Open source software
2780:Microsoft and unions
2688:Takeshi Numoto (CMO)
2475:, September 30, 2004
2109:(January 28, 2002).
1931: Nov. 12, 2002).
1858:on December 21, 2020
1835:. February 28, 2001.
1594:on December 25, 2016
1535:on October 31, 2020.
1382:on September 2, 1999
1302:Le Concurrentialiste
1102:Microsoft litigation
1020:, 371 U.S. 38 (1962)
814:Impact and criticism
521:District Court trial
393:and, most recently,
79:February 26–27, 2001
4338:Comic Chat/Chat 2.0
3865:Twisted Pixel Games
3850:Winternals Software
3546:Activision Blizzard
3280:Activision Blizzard
3230:Digital Crimes Unit
2652:Carlos A. Rodriguez
2419:. Hudson Institute.
2195:on October 26, 2018
2070:on October 6, 2021.
1706:. November 4, 2002.
1505:on January 15, 2011
1474:on November 3, 1999
1438:The Washington Post
1413:on December 2, 1999
1304:. February 10, 2014
1283: Nov. 5, 1999).
1155:253 F.3d 34
994:, 334 US 131 (1948)
625:The Washington Post
247:A. Raymond Randolph
239:Douglas H. Ginsburg
235:Stephen F. Williams
177:(D.D.C. 2002); 231
4430:Eolas v. Microsoft
4419:Second Browser War
4275:Administration Kit
4259:XHR/XDomainRequest
3613:Consumers Software
3454:Apple v. Microsoft
3213:Engineering groups
2951:Visual Studio Code
2623:(Chairman and CEO)
2614:Board of directors
2432:Final Judgment in
2213:Butts, Chris 2010
2029:Cringely, Robert.
1947:(D.C. Cir., 2004).
820:Robert X. Cringely
729:D.C. Circuit Court
720:United States Code
716:U.S. Supreme Court
688:conclusions of law
631:The New York Times
607:Netscape Navigator
599:
481:Netscape Navigator
152:Subsequent history
4505:
4504:
4471:Dean Hachamovitch
4414:First Browser War
4114:
4113:
3996:Internet Explorer
3962:
3961:
3940:
3939:
3880:Visio Corporation
3558:Altamira Software
3489:Microsoft v. Shah
3396:Internet Explorer
3348:Mojave Experiment
3321:
3320:
3270:Xbox Game Studios
3153:
3152:
3123:LinkedIn Learning
3101:Developer Network
2788:
2787:
2667:Padmasree Warrior
2434:U.S. v. Microsoft
2407:978-0-226-64464-6
2376:978-0-945999-84-3
2351:978-0-262-02776-2
2328:978-0-262-51196-4
2250:978-0-7355-6428-2
1994:on April 22, 2021
1809:on March 13, 2014
1698:U.S. v. Microsoft
1651:. August 14, 2015
1079:
1078:
858:, founder of the
826:professor at the
656:operating systems
539:barriers to entry
449:Internet Explorer
330:Internet Explorer
289:
288:
243:David B. Sentelle
168:pet. cert. denied
16:(Redirected from
4550:
4495:
4494:
4437:Sun v. Microsoft
4363:MSN for Mac OS X
4009:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3966:
3952:
3951:
3780:Playground Games
3775:Perceptive Pixel
3730:Mobile Data Labs
3710:Lionhead Studios
3603:Compulsion Games
3521:
3468:FTC v. Microsoft
3298:Microsoft campus
3162:
2797:
2627:John W. Thompson
2590:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2531:
2526:
2420:
2411:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2355:
2332:
2300:J. Gregory Sidak
2254:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2191:. Archived from
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2115:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2087:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2063:. Archived from
2061:newsobserver.com
2058:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2037:. Archived from
2026:
2020:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1938:
1932:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1900:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1854:. Archived from
1843:
1837:
1836:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1805:. Archived from
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1774:Russell, Kevin.
1771:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1748:
1747:(D.C. Cir. 2001)
1738:
1727:
1726:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1692:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1593:
1588:. Archived from
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1549:. Archived from
1543:
1537:
1536:
1531:. Archived from
1520:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1501:, archived from
1490:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1409:. Archived from
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1360:on May 24, 2012.
1356:. Archived from
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1295:
1284:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1230:. pp. 80–83
1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:. Archived from
1196:
1187:
1177:
1171:
1162:
1152:
1146:
1127:US antitrust law
1073:Tying (commerce)
1031:
1005:
991:
934:Clayton Act 1914
924:Sherman Act 1890
916:Sources on tying
910:
903:
896:
887:
856:Richard Stallman
648:findings of fact
468:operating system
272:
251:Judith W. Rogers
231:Harry T. Edwards
222:Court membership
195:(D.C. Cir. 2004)
166:952 (2001) (
147:1301 (2000).
51:
39:
21:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4483:
4449:
4402:
4378:Outlook Express
4311:Implementations
4306:
4280:Developer Tools
4263:
4192:HTML Components
4160:
4110:
4073:
3998:
3993:
3963:
3958:
3936:
3860:Tellme Networks
3840:Sunrise Atelier
3668:Groove Networks
3536:Access Software
3510:
3432:
3367:
3317:
3313:Microsoft Japan
3308:Microsoft India
3303:Microsoft Egypt
3286:
3255:.NET Foundation
3201:
3149:
3091:Microsoft Learn
3064:
2971:
2965:
2875:
2784:
2768:Employee groups
2763:
2736:
2671:
2632:John W. Stanton
2609:
2581:
2563:
2558:
2507:
2493:Wayback Machine
2428:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2395:
2386:
2384:
2377:
2358:
2352:
2335:
2329:
2312:
2309:
2267:
2261:
2259:Further reading
2251:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2046:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1939:
1935:
1925: 98-CV-1232
1918:
1917:
1913:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1745:253 F.3d 34, 48
1739:
1730:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1649:www.justice.gov
1643:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1578:Washington Post
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1508:
1506:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1287:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1148:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1080:
1075:
1061:
1046:
1029:
1021:
1009:
1003:
995:
989:
981:
958:
937:
927:
917:
914:
884:
844:Milton Friedman
816:
769:
740:code of conduct
712:
644:
562:Vice-president
523:
451:(IE) was not a
395:book publishing
365:
135:(D.D.C. 2000),
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4556:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4510:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4473:
4468:
4466:Thomas Reardon
4463:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4323:Active Desktop
4320:
4318:Active Channel
4314:
4312:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4015:
4013:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3969:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3907:
3902:
3900:WebTV Networks
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3825:Secure Islands
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:Pando Networks
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Mojang Studios
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3070:
3069:Web properties
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2926:Power Platform
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2753:Richard Rashid
2750:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2731:Kathleen Hogan
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2657:Charles Scharf
2654:
2649:
2647:Penny Pritzker
2644:
2642:Sandi Peterson
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2483:
2477:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2427:
2426:External links
2424:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2406:
2393:
2375:
2356:
2350:
2333:
2327:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2233:
2232:
2218:
2206:
2173:
2156:
2144:Cato Institute
2126:
2098:
2073:
2044:
2021:
2005:
1975:
1949:
1945:373 F. 3d 1199
1933:
1911:
1886:
1869:
1852:Windows IT Pro
1838:
1820:
1794:
1766:
1749:
1728:
1709:
1684:
1662:
1636:
1605:
1564:
1553:on May 3, 2001
1538:
1515:
1485:
1455:
1440:. p. B1.
1424:
1393:
1363:
1340:
1315:
1285:
1263:
1241:
1214:
1188:
1163:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1000:
997:
996:
986:
983:
982:
963:
960:
959:
942:
939:
938:
932:
929:
928:
922:
919:
918:
915:
913:
912:
905:
898:
890:
883:
880:
815:
812:
797:Consent Decree
768:
765:
711:
708:
676:Lotus Software
643:
640:
603:America Online
564:Steven McGeady
522:
519:
435:(DOJ), led by
364:
361:
287:
286:
280:
279:
275:
274:
264:
263:
259:
258:
255:David S. Tatel
228:
227:Judges sitting
224:
223:
219:
218:
202:
201:
197:
196:
153:
149:
148:
112:
108:
107:
103:
102:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
67:
66:Full case name
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4555:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4425:
4424:Download.ject
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4343:DirectX Media
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4309:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3997:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3955:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3933:
3932:ZeniMax Media
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Jellyfish.com
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:6Wunderkinder
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3401:Microsoft Bob
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:ZeniMax Media
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Retail stores
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Visual Studio
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:Microsoft 365
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2759:CĂ©sar Cernuda
2757:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:Corporate VPs
2739:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2692:Scott Guthrie
2690:
2687:
2684:
2683:Satya Nadella
2681:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Emma Walmsley
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2621:Satya Nadella
2619:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:Andrew Chin,
2269:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2177:
2174:
2168:
2160:
2157:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2127:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2006:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1870:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1565:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1473:
1469:
1468:Business Week
1465:
1459:
1456:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1341:
1329:
1328:money.cnn.com
1325:
1319:
1316:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1251:
1245:
1242:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1006:
998:
993:
992:
984:
979:
976:
972:
968:
967:
961:
956:
953:
949:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
911:
906:
904:
899:
897:
892:
891:
888:
881:
879:
877:
873:
868:
865:
861:
857:
853:
850:
845:
840:
838:
834:
829:
825:
824:antitrust law
821:
813:
811:
808:
801:
798:
792:
789:
786:
781:
776:
774:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
748:
744:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
721:
717:
709:
707:
705:
699:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
641:
639:
637:
633:
632:
627:
626:
620:
619:Steve Ballmer
615:
611:
608:
604:
595:
591:
589:
585:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
555:
550:
546:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
518:
516:
512:
508:
506:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
424:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
374:
372:
371:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:of illegally
311:
307:
303:
302:antitrust law
299:
295:
294:
285:
281:
276:
273:
271:
265:
262:Case opinions
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
229:
225:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
111:Prior history
109:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
87:June 28, 2001
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
4479:Inori Aizawa
4475:Scott Isaacs
4461:Tantek Çelik
4443:
4442:
4436:
4429:
4358:MSN Explorer
4229:RSS Platform
4165:Technologies
4098:
4091:
4084:
3740:Ninja Theory
3705:LinkExchange
3677:
3516:Acquisitions
3502:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3057:
3050:
3036:Transact-SQL
2999:Visual Basic
2970:Programming
2809:Azure Kinect
2748:Joe Belfiore
2726:Phil Spencer
2637:Reid Hoffman
2512:
2472:
2433:
2416:
2397:
2387:November 29,
2385:. Retrieved
2361:
2337:
2314:
2240:
2221:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2193:the original
2186:
2176:
2159:
2149:February 23,
2147:. Retrieved
2140:Policy Forum
2139:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2101:
2076:
2065:the original
2060:
2047:
2039:the original
2034:
2024:
2015:(Archive at
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1987:
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1952:
1940:
1936:
1919:
1914:
1897:
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:the original
1851:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1811:. Retrieved
1807:the original
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1779:
1769:
1762:§ 29(b)
1752:
1740:
1722:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1670:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1648:
1639:
1627:. Retrieved
1618:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1591:the original
1577:
1574:"Alter Egos"
1567:
1557:November 19,
1555:. Retrieved
1551:the original
1541:
1533:the original
1528:
1518:
1509:November 14,
1507:, retrieved
1503:the original
1498:
1488:
1478:December 12,
1476:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1467:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1437:
1427:
1415:. Retrieved
1411:the original
1407:Businessweek
1406:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:the original
1375:
1366:
1358:the original
1353:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1301:
1271:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1244:
1234:February 10,
1232:. Retrieved
1227:
1217:
1209:the original
1204:
1174:
1149:
1116:
1106:
1092:Browser wars
1083:
1052:
1027:
1015:
1001:
987:
964:
943:
871:
869:
854:
848:
841:
817:
803:
794:
790:
777:
770:
749:
745:
733:
713:
700:
680:RealNetworks
645:
629:
623:
616:
612:
600:
580:
554:Businessweek
552:
543:
524:
509:
497:
477:browser wars
461:
456:
452:
426:
419:and the new
410:
399:
376:
368:
366:
342:
314:monopolizing
304:case at the
292:
291:
290:
278:Laws applied
267:
185:
167:
155:
136:
114:
106:Case history
69:
36:
4328:ActiveMovie
4199:favicon.ico
4172:Accelerator
3870:Undead Labs
3820:ScreenTonic
3673:Havok Group
3663:GreenButton
3648:Forethought
3633:FASA Studio
3551:acquisition
3165:Conferences
3135:Outlook.com
2709:Kevin Scott
2119:February 7,
2107:Eben Moglen
2035:I, Cringely
1909: 2002).
1700:: Timeline"
1682: 2000).
1333:October 26,
1308:February 6,
1186: 2000).
1161: 2001).
1058:253 F.3d 34
1045: (1984)
980: (1947)
957: (1936)
833:Eben Moglen
763:presiding.
584:Jim Allchin
568:Paul Maritz
558:received."
472:web browser
391:peripherals
320:market for
318:web browser
179:F. Supp. 2d
172:F. Supp. 2d
130:F. Supp. 2d
119:F. Supp. 2d
4512:Categories
4368:NetMeeting
4234:Smart tags
4146:Extensions
3890:VoloMetrix
3800:ProClarity
3795:Press Play
3725:Metaswitch
3563:AltspaceVR
3438:Litigation
3223:Skype unit
3145:Translator
3059:Visual J++
3041:TypeScript
3031:PowerShell
2721:Harry Shum
2715:Brad Smith
2605:Paul Allen
2600:Bill Gates
1781:SCOTUSblog
1133:References
1113:Windows 98
842:Economist
773:settlement
767:Settlement
572:extinguish
549:deposition
545:Bill Gates
511:Bill Gates
500:innovation
441:settlement
437:Janet Reno
383:Bill Gates
357:settlement
351:, but the
270:Per curiam
128:2000); 97
4249:Web Slice
4209:Index.dat
4204:HTML+TIME
4136:Box model
4106:IEs4Linux
3830:Simplygon
3785:PlaceWare
3608:Connectix
3598:Colloquis
3593:Clipchamp
3568:aQuantive
3524:Completed
3373:Criticism
3362:Scroogled
3341:Champagne
3326:Campaigns
3206:Divisions
3096:Channel 9
3052:Visual J#
2972:languages
2889:Clipchamp
2844:Laptop Go
2342:MIT Press
2319:MIT Press
1998:March 25,
1862:March 25,
1813:April 17,
1758:15 U.S.C.
1655:April 23,
1629:March 25,
1586:0190-8286
1417:March 19,
1354:CNET News
1228:InfoWorld
1159:D.C. Cir.
1085:Antitrust
753:antitrust
535:predatory
413:Multiplan
370:InfoWorld
310:Microsoft
300:American
207:Microsoft
4497:Category
4388:Spyglass
4119:Overview
4100:for UNIX
4004:Versions
3954:Category
3915:AppNexus
3845:SwiftKey
3790:Powerset
3700:LinkedIn
3628:Farecast
3364:" (2012)
3357:" (2008)
3355:I'm a PC
3350:" (2006)
3343:" (2002)
3336:" (1994)
3245:Research
3118:LinkedIn
3026:Power Fx
2994:VBScript
2894:Dynamics
2881:Software
2814:HoloLens
2801:Hardware
2793:Products
2703:Amy Hood
2593:Founders
2519:Archived
2489:Archived
2381:Archived
2265:Articles
2090:Archived
1968:June 18,
1962:Archived
1787:June 15,
1623:Archived
1598:June 24,
1442:Archived
882:See also
672:Netscape
660:monopoly
642:Judgment
334:Netscape
298:landmark
92:Citation
4373:NetShow
4214:JScript
4177:ActiveX
4151:Removal
4131:Add-ons
4126:History
4093:for Mac
3905:Xamarin
3895:VXtreme
3765:Onfolio
3715:Maluuba
3685:Hotmail
3643:Firefly
3541:Acompli
3411:Windows
3406:_NSAKEY
3291:Estates
3182:Inspire
3158:Company
3106:TechNet
3086:Copilot
2961:Xbox OS
2956:Windows
2931:Servers
2824:Surface
2819:LifeCam
2577:Outline
2572:History
2523:YouTube
2199:June 1,
1448:May 27,
1386:May 27,
1256:June 1,
757:tie-ins
588:desktop
529:at the
457:feature
453:product
445:Windows
402:Windows
373:wrote:
363:History
322:Windows
209:, when
200:Holding
170:); 224
84:Decided
4454:People
4407:Events
4300:Chakra
4295:MSHTML
4290:Tasman
4156:Shells
4086:Mobile
3922:Yammer
3885:Vivaty
3815:RiskIQ
3658:GitHub
3618:Danger
3588:Bungie
3573:Azyxxi
3386:Clippy
3265:Gaming
3235:Garage
3218:Mobile
3197:WinHEC
3177:Ignite
3113:GitHub
2984:VB.NET
2909:Office
2854:Studio
2839:Laptop
2586:People
2404:
2373:
2348:
2325:
2247:
1929:D.D.C.
1927: (
1923:,
1907:D.D.C.
1905: (
1901:,
1760:
1680:D.D.C.
1678: (
1674:,
1584:
1281:D.D.C.
1279: (
1275:,
1184:D.D.C.
1182: (
1178:,
1157: (
1153:,
1060:(2001)
505:Mac OS
455:but a
379:MS-DOS
253:, and
233:, CJ;
188:, 373
126:D.D.C.
76:Argued
4224:MSXML
4219:MHTML
4078:Other
3910:Xandr
3855:Teleo
3835:Skype
3421:Vista
3240:Press
3172:Build
3140:Store
3076:Azure
2979:BASIC
2936:Start
2914:Teams
2899:Havok
2755:(SVP)
2733:(CPO)
2717:(CLO)
2711:(CTO)
2705:(CFO)
2699:(COO)
2685:(CEO)
2307:Books
2114:(PDF)
2093:(PDF)
2086:(PDF)
2068:(PDF)
2057:(PDF)
1833:Wired
1704:Wired
1529:Wired
1499:Wired
1038:
973:
950:
876:tying
785:tying
692:tying
684:Linux
664:Apple
560:Intel
485:Opera
464:Intel
421:Chart
406:Xenix
257:, JJ.
211:tying
162:
143:
117:, 87
56:Court
4254:WPAD
4182:HTML
4012:Main
3927:Yupi
3805:Rare
3583:Beam
3391:iLoo
3081:Bing
3021:MVPL
2871:Xbox
2514:CNBC
2402:ISBN
2389:2010
2371:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2323:ISBN
2245:ISBN
2201:2024
2151:2013
2121:2013
2000:2022
1970:2010
1864:2022
1815:2007
1789:2018
1657:2024
1631:2022
1600:2019
1582:ISSN
1559:2018
1511:2009
1480:2014
1450:2010
1419:2013
1388:2010
1335:2023
1310:2015
1258:2023
1236:2015
1071:and
1067:See
1040:U.S.
975:U.S.
952:U.S.
837:APIs
668:Java
628:and
470:and
427:The
417:Word
338:Java
336:and
326:OEMs
316:the
193:1199
190:F.3d
164:U.S.
145:U.S.
97:F.3d
95:253
4187:HTA
3750:npm
3192:PDC
3187:MIX
3130:MSN
2989:VBA
2941:Tay
2864:Neo
2859:Duo
2849:Pro
2829:Hub
1376:CNN
1036:466
978:392
971:332
955:131
948:298
698:.
652:x86
515:IBM
483:or
182:144
160:534
141:530
4514::
4069:11
4064:10
3426:10
3416:XP
3046:Q#
3016:F#
3006:C#
2834:Go
2511:.
2379:.
2369:.
2365:.
2344:.
2321:.
2317:.
2185:.
2142:.
2138:.
2088:.
2059:.
2033:.
1986:.
1960:.
1943:,
1889:^
1850:.
1831:.
1778:.
1743:,
1731:^
1721:.
1702:.
1687:^
1647:.
1621:.
1617:.
1580:.
1576:.
1527:.
1497:,
1466:.
1436:.
1405:.
1374:.
1352:.
1326:.
1288:^
1226:.
1203:.
1191:^
1166:^
1141:^
1034:,
969:,
946:,
936:§3
926:§1
731:.
706:.
682:,
678:,
674:,
670:,
666:,
415:,
389:,
340:.
249:,
245:,
241:,
237:,
175:76
158:,
139:,
133:59
122:30
100:34
4059:9
4054:8
4049:7
4044:6
4039:5
4034:4
4029:3
4024:2
4019:1
3988:e
3981:t
3974:v
3360:"
3353:"
3346:"
3339:"
3332:"
2553:e
2546:t
2539:v
2525:.
2410:.
2391:.
2354:.
2331:.
2253:.
2229:.
2203:.
2153:.
2123:.
2019:)
2002:.
1972:.
1866:.
1817:.
1791:.
1696:"
1659:.
1633:.
1602:.
1561:.
1482:.
1452:.
1421:.
1390:.
1337:.
1312:.
1260:.
1238:.
1043:2
909:e
902:t
895:v
217:.
124:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
