162:
368:
38:
344:, cast the only vote against the declaration, eliciting hisses from some of her peers. In 1917, Rankin was among 56 members of Congress to vote against the declaration that triggered America's entry into World War I. Now alone in her position, several of Rankin's congressional colleagues pressed her to change her vote to make the resolution unanimous—or at least to abstain—but she refused, saying "As a woman, I can't go to war, and I refuse to send anyone else." Rankin was one of ten women holding Congressional seats at the time. After the vote, reporters followed her into the Republican
317:, addressed to a joint session of Congress and the nation at 12:30 p.m. on December 8. Roosevelt's speech described the attack on Pearl Harbor as a deliberately planned attack by Japan on the United States. The speech described the loss of American naval and military forces as well as the loss of American lives. Further, Roosevelt cited other attacks that took place by Japan during the attack on Pearl Harbor, including attacks on Malaya, Hong Kong, and Guam. The speech was met with widespread support. The declaration was quickly brought to a vote; it passed the
393:, That the state of war between the United States and the Imperial Government of Japan which has thus been thrust upon the United States is hereby formally declared; and the President is hereby authorized and directed to employ the entire naval and military forces of the United States and the resources of the Government to carry on war against the Imperial Government of Japan; and, to bring the conflict to a successful termination, all the resources of the country are hereby pledged by the Congress of the United States.
265:
strength to perform their respective tasks. Thus uniting one hundred million hearts and discharging the fullest strength of the nation, we expect all our subjects to strive to attain the ultimate objective of this expedition." However, because of the very secret nature of the message, it had to be decoded, translated and typed up by senior embassy officials, who were unable to do these tasks in the available time. Hence,
255:
took place before a declaration of war by Japan had been delivered to the United States. This attack caused more than 3,400 U.S. military casualties. It was originally stipulated that the attack should not commence until thirty minutes after Japan had informed the U.S. that it was withdrawing from
264:
in
Washington. Included in this message was a statement that read, "officers and men of our army and navy will concentrate their strength in engaging in battles, the members of our government will endeavor to carry out their assigned duties, our subjects throughout the empire will employ full
269:
did not deliver it until after the attack had begun. Even if it had been, the notification was worded so that it actually neither declared war nor severed diplomatic relations; it was therefore not a proper declaration of war as required by diplomatic traditions. Japan formally
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48:"Joint Resolution Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same."
208:
Joint
Resolution Declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same
384:
Declaring that a state of war exists between the
Imperial Government of Japan and the Government and the people of the United States and making provisions to prosecute the same.
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Whereas the
Imperial Government of Japan has committed unprovoked acts of war against the Government and the people of the United States of America: Therefore be it
297:'s promise to declare war "within the hour" of a Japanese attack on the United States. Although many of the American people were sympathetic to Britain during the
778:
1025:
997:
371:
U.S. Congress Joint
Resolution signed by President Roosevelt on December 8, 1941, at 4:10 p.m., Public Law 77-328, 55 STAT 795, which declared war on Japan.
953:
926:
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further peace negotiations, but the attack began before the notice could be delivered. Tokyo transmitted the 5,000-word notification – known as the "
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at 1:10 p.m. The vote was 82–0 in the Senate and 388–1 in the House. Roosevelt signed the declaration at 4:10 p.m the same day.
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thirty minutes before the attack, but the
Japanese embassy in Washington took too long to decode the 5,000-word document.
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Resolved by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled
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on the U.S. and the
British Empire on 7 December 1941, this marked the United States entry to the war.
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165:
President
Roosevelt, wearing a black armband, signs the Declaration of War on Japan on December 8, 1941
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nine hours before the U.S. did, partially due to
Japanese attacks on the British colonies of
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567:"Marching off to War on the Wrong Foot: The Final Note Tokyo Did Not Send to Washington"
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The American Experience in World War II: The United States and the road to war in Europe
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236:
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305:, there was widespread opposition to American intervention in European affairs.
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27:
1941 US declaration of war in response to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
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760:
474:"Japan declares war, 1941 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History"
341:
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Japanese declaration of war on the United States and the British Empire
239:. The Japanese government had originally intended to deliver their own
191:
108:
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802:"A Chronology and Primary Sources for Teaching about Jeannette Rankin"
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160:
979:
1284:
Crisis: The Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor and Southeast Asia
348:, where she refused to make any comments and took refuge in a
313:
President Roosevelt formally requested the declaration in his
551:
Calvocoressi, Peter; Wint, Guy & Pritchard, John (1999)
901:
Countdown to Pearl Harbor: The Twelve Days to the Attack
761:"Speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt, New York (Transcript)"
779:"Jeannette Rankin: Suffragist, Congresswoman, Pacifist"
678:"Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1939-1940"
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682:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
629:At Dawn We Slept: The Untold Story of Pearl Harbor
498:"Pearl Harbor attack: Facts & Related Content"
439:United States declaration of war on Germany (1941)
223:. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies,
175:
81:
356:cleared the cloakroom. Two days later, a similar
379:
991:
8:
30:
830:"Miss Rankin Is Lone Dissenter in War Vote"
553:The Penguin History of the Second World War
18:United States declaration of war upon Japan
998:
984:
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722:"U.S. Declares War, Pacific Battle Widens"
715:
713:
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434:United Kingdom declaration of war on Japan
444:United States declaration of war on Italy
1512:Declarations of war by the United States
925:Sondhaus, Lawrence (November 13, 2023).
720:Kluckhorn, Frank L. (December 9, 1941).
235:, bringing the United States fully into
169:On December 8, 1941, at 12:30 PM ET the
1502:Declarations of war during World War II
465:
414:Declarations of war during World War II
409:Declaration of war by the United States
1507:Japan–United States military relations
800:Luckowski, Jean; Lopach, James (ndg).
31:Declaration of state of war with Japan
29:
7:
1329:The War at Sea from Hawaii to Malaya
521:, Taylor & Francis, p. 73,
279:United Kingdom declared war on Japan
1456:Advance-knowledge conspiracy theory
871:Twomey, Steve (November 13, 2023).
836:. December 9, 1941. Archived from
565:Butow, R.J.C (November 13, 2023).
449:12 Days Leading Up to Pearl Harbor
419:Diplomatic history of World War II
180:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
86:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
25:
952:Sondhaus, Lawrence (2020-10-29).
660:"The U.S. At War, The Last Stage"
233:declared war on the United States
210:was formulated an hour after the
364:came to vote; Rankin abstained.
36:
1482:1941 in international relations
859:"Declaration of War with Japan"
785:. April 1, 2014. Archived from
535:from the original on 2015-09-06
358:war declaration against Germany
330:first woman elected to Congress
309:Vote and Presidential signature
260:" – in two blocks to the
200:surprise attack on Pearl Harbor
958:. Cambridge University Press.
931:. Cambridge University Press.
132:on 8 December 1941 (82-0)
1:
1451:Vulnerability of Pearl Harbor
631:, Dillon. pp.424, 475, 493-94
138:on 8 December 1941 (388-
898:Twomey, Steve (2017-11-21).
354:United States Capitol Police
126:in the Senate as S.J.Res.116
58:77th United States Congress
1538:
1377:The Revolt of Mamie Stover
658:Staff (December 15, 1941)
642:"Japan declares war, 1941"
611:"Japan Declares War, 1941"
515:Hixson, Walter L. (2003),
1497:1941 in the United States
1232:Medal of Honor recipients
874:Countdown to Pearl Harbor
627:Prange, Gordon W. (1982)
571:Pacific Historical Review
119:
35:
1492:1941 in military history
676:Reynolds, David (1983).
555:, London: Penguin. p.952
1217:U.K. declaration of war
1212:U.S. declaration of war
783:Montana Women's History
759:Roosevelt, Franklin D.
376:Text of the declaration
293:; and partially due to
1385:Storm Over the Pacific
1227:Pearl Harbor Committee
904:. Simon and Schuster.
877:. Simon and Schuster.
834:The Milwaukee Sentinel
395:
372:
321:, and then passed the
253:attack on Pearl Harbor
171:United States Congress
166:
1369:From Here to Eternity
1321:Secret Agent of Japan
1262:Survivors Association
1021:Prelude to the attack
478:www.gilderlehrman.org
370:
221:Franklin D. Roosevelt
164:
150:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1517:December 1941 events
1207:Day of Infamy speech
1202:Sleeping giant quote
315:Day of Infamy Speech
1417:The Final Countdown
1267:Commemorative Medal
1222:Roberts Commissions
1007:Pearl Harbor attack
861:Retrieved 2010-15-7
765:Library of Congress
429:Kellogg–Briand Pact
206:the prior day. The
198:in response to its
115:Legislative history
32:
1461:In popular culture
1123:salvaged artifacts
726:The New York Times
404:Arcadia Conference
373:
241:declaration of war
204:declaration of war
167:
152:on 8 December 1941
1469:
1468:
1401:Tora! Tora! Tora!
965:978-1-108-49619-3
938:978-1-108-49619-3
911:978-1-4767-7648-4
884:978-1-4767-7648-4
646:History Resources
615:History Resources
528:978-0-415-94029-0
381:JOINT RESOLUTION
295:Winston Churchill
159:
158:
130:Passed the Senate
98:Statutes at Large
16:(Redirected from
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1345:This Is the Army
1031:Present US ships
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262:Japanese Embassy
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136:Passed the House
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67:December 8, 1941
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728:. pp. A1.
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258:14-Part Message
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202:and subsequent
196:Empire of Japan
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173:declared war, (
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146:Signed into law
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53:Enacted by
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740:on 2018-02-09
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838:the original
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738:the original
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577:(1): 67–79.
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1241:Remembrance
844:20 December
809:Montana.gov
744:January 16,
688:(2): 1–65.
454:World War 1
1476:Categories
1361:Task Force
1131:California
1109:ships sunk
596:2023-11-13
539:2016-06-04
502:Britannica
483:2023-11-13
460:References
338:Republican
247:Background
186:, 55
124:Introduced
77:Public law
45:Long title
1337:Air Force
1305:(2007–08)
1296:(2004–05)
1190:Aftermath
734:0362-4331
346:cloakroom
291:Hong Kong
287:Singapore
218:President
194:) on the
72:Citations
64:Effective
1257:Memorial
1159:Sotoyomo
1145:Oklahoma
1054:involved
1052:carriers
1050:Japanese
533:archived
398:See also
342:pacifist
103:55
1255:Arizona
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702:1006337
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225:Germany
176:Pub. L.
82:Pub. L.
1436:(2019)
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301:with
229:Italy
188:Stat.
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1069:Kaga
960:ISBN
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