1791:
Foreign
Service Schedule (FS) for members of the Foreign Service and more than twelve alternate pay systems that are referred to as alternate or experimental pay systems such as the first experimental system China Lake Demonstration Project. The current system began as the Classification Act of 1923 and was refined into law with the Classification Act of 1949. These acts that provide the foundation of the current system have been amended through executive orders and through published amendments in the Federal Register that sets for approved changes in the regulatory structure of the federal pay system. The common goal among all pay systems is to provide equitable salaries to all involved workers regardless of system, group or classification. This is referred to as pay equity or "equal pay for equal work". Select careers in high demand may be subject to a special rate table, which can pay above the standard GS tables. These careers include certain engineering disciplines and patent examiners.
42:
2651:, which included all career civil servants whose job includes "policymaking". Such employees would no longer be covered by civil service protections against arbitrary dismissal, but would be subject to the same rules as political appointees. The new description could be applied to thousands of nonpartisan experts such as scientists, who give advice to the political appointees who run their departments. Heads of all federal agencies were ordered to report by January 19, 2021, a list of positions that could be reclassified as Schedule F. The
109:
2618:(MSPB). OPM primarily provides management guidance to the various agencies of the executive branch and issues regulations that control federal human resources. FLRA oversees the rights of federal employees to form collective bargaining units (unions) and to engage in collective bargaining with agencies. MSPB conducts studies of the federal civil service and mainly hears the appeals of federal employees who are disciplined or otherwise separated from their positions. This act was an effort to replace incompetent officials.
114:
1258:
1270:
2656:
government at the end of every presidential administration, leaving federal agencies without deep institutional knowledge, expertise, experience, and the ability to develop and implement long-term policy strategies." Observers predicted that Trump could use the new rule to implement a "massive government purge on his way out the door". Schedule F was eliminated by
President
2574:. The law required federal government employees to be selected through competitive exams and basis of merit. It also prevented elected officials and political appointees from firing civil servants, removing civil servants from the influences of political patronage and partisan behavior. However, the law did not apply to state and municipal governments.
2550:, civil servants are not allowed to engage in political activities while performing their duties. In some cases, an outgoing administration will give its political appointees positions with civil service protection in order to prevent them from being fired by the new administration; this is called "burrowing" in civil service jargon.
2655:
submitted a list in
November that included 88 percent of the office's workforce. Federal employee organizations and Congressional Democrats sought to overturn the order via lawsuits or bills. House Democrats warned in a letter that "The executive order could precipitate a mass exodus from the federal
2634:
intended to crack down on unions that represent federal employees and to make it easier to fire federal workers. It was claimed that the changes are designed to strengthen merit-system principles in the civil service and improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in the federal government.
1790:
The pay system of the United States government civil service has evolved into a complex set of pay systems that include principally the
General Schedule (GS) for white-collar employees, Federal Wage System (FWS) for blue-collar employees, Senior Executive System (SES) for Executive-level employees,
2000:
Circular A-76, most menial or lower paying jobs have been outsourced to private contractors. In 2010, there were 82,034 workers, 3.9% of the federal workforce, making more than $ 150,000 annually, compared to 7,240 in 2005. GS salaries are capped by law so that they do not exceed the salary for
1838:
All federal employees in the GS system receive a base pay that is adjusted for locality. Locality pay varies, but is at least 15.95% of base salary in all parts of the United States. The following salary ranges represent the lowest and highest possible amounts a person can earn in base salary,
1440:
A hiring authority is the law, executive order, regulation that allows an agency to hire a person into the federal civil service. In fiscal year 2014, there were 105 hiring authorities in use. The following were the top 20 hiring authorities used that year, which accounted for 91% of new
2545:
of 1883 and subsequent laws. By 1909, almost two-thirds of the U.S. federal workforce was appointed based on merit, that is, qualifications measured by tests. Certain senior civil service positions, including some heads of diplomatic missions and executive agencies, are filled by political
2639:
temporarily struck down most of the executive orders, ruling that they were an attempt to weaken federal labor unions representing federal employees. Judge
Jackson's ruling was reversed by the DC Circuit on jurisdiction grounds, saying the unions should first have complained to the
2534:, the workforce experienced fluctuations between 500 and 600,000. The one million mark was surpassed in the early 1940s, with a record 3.3 million people recorded as part of the federal civil service by 1945. This figure then receded to 2.1 million by October 1946.
1794:
The
General Schedule (GS) includes white collar workers at levels 1 through 15, most professional, technical, administrative, and clerical positions in the federal civil service. The Federal Wage System or Wage Grade (WG) schedule includes most federal
1592:
Allows agencies to appoint eligible veterans up to the GS-11 or equivalent level without regard to competitive examining procedures. Appointees are converted to competitive service appointments after 2 years of satisfactory service.
1431:, etc.), interns, foreign service professionals, doctors, lawyers, judges, and others. Agencies with excepted service authorities create their own hiring policies and are not subject to most appointment, pay, and classification laws.
1839:
without earning overtime pay or receiving a merit-based bonus. Actual salary ranges differ adjusted for increased locality pay. As of March 2022, however, all base salaries lie within the parameters of the following ranges:
1647:
Allows agencies to fill positions OPM has determined have a severe candidate shortage or a critical hiring need. Public notice is required but not the application of veterans' preference or applicant rating and ranking.
1577:
Allows agencies to noncompetitively reappoint former temporary employees (who have not already served the maximum time allowed) and noncompetitively appoint others eligible for certain career conditional appointments.
3717:
1676:
Targets individuals who have recently received a degree or certificate from a qualifying institution. After completion, eligible for non-competitive conversions to competitive service under specified conditions.
175:
438:
1723:
Allows DOD to hire qualified candidates for certain acquisition and health care occupations using direct-hire procedures where DOD has determined a shortage of candidates or critical hiring needs.
2530:
The federal service employed approximately 300 individuals by 1789. By the end of the 19th century, it had reached 208,000. As a consequence of the First World War, this number rose to 900,000.
152:
141:
1996:
Nineteen percent of federal employees earned salaries of $ 100,000 or more in 2009. The average federal worker's pay was $ 71,208 compared with $ 40,331 in the private sector, although under
1521:
Unique non-Title 5 hiring authority used strictly for appointment of
National Guard technicians. Appointees maintain a dual status as both a federal employee and state national guard member.
2378:
3356:, Section: Employment. Note: Because data on employment in certain agencies cannot be released to the public for national security reasons, this total does not include employment for the
1349:, which as of December 2011 reported approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the federal government, including employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the
1173:
423:
1301:
2102:
310:
2300:
433:
412:
130:
1387:
includes the majority of civil service positions, meaning employees are selected based on merit after a competitive hiring process for positions that are open to all applicants.
2028:
2105:, 15 executive departments, 259 executive department sub-agencies and bureaus, 66 independent agencies, 42 boards, commissions, and committees, 11 quasi-official agencies.
2005:
IV positions. The increase in civil servants making more than $ 150,000 resulted mainly from an increase in
Executive Schedule salary approved during the Administration of
2083:
3742:
3602:
1709:
Allows agencies to appoint persons with severe physical disabilities. Allows for non-competitive conversion to competitive service after 2 years of satisfactory service.
4155:
3587:
2995:
203:
2052:
1824:
1132:
1128:
909:
2965:
395:
3665:
3691:
859:
3263:
2443:
2236:
2079:
784:
305:
167:
1535:
Allows eligible veterans to apply for positions announced under merit promotion procedures when an agency accepts applications from outside its own workforce.
1563:
Targets students at qualifying educational institutions. Interns eligible to be noncompetitively converted to competitive service under specified conditions.
4119:
2223:
1150:
991:
884:
3535:
4145:
4093:
2862:
2024:
1397:
1294:
1006:
428:
1799:
workers. As of
September 2004, 71% of federal civilian employees were paid under the GS; the remaining 29% were paid under other systems such as the
1231:
1226:
4030:
3626:
2868:
2313:
1089:
418:
1236:
2852:
872:
774:
225:
214:
4010:
3447:
2287:
2249:
1350:
1342:). U.S. state and local government entities often have comparable civil service systems that are modeled on the national system to varying degrees.
1049:
904:
3800:
3639:
2537:
In the early 19th century, positions in the federal government were held at the pleasure of the president—a person could be fired at any time. The
4045:
3870:
3068:
2274:
2095:
2060:
2040:
1354:
1040:
53:
2857:
2056:
2018:
1630:
1287:
1102:
1071:
1027:
1001:
941:
921:
819:
804:
447:
323:
122:
2509:
As of
January 2009, about 2 million civilian workers were employed by the federal government; excluding, the postal service and defense.
3768:
2835:
2810:
2790:
2748:
2725:
2705:
2682:
2391:
2091:
1832:
1409:(also known as unclassified service) includes jobs with a streamlined hiring process, such as security and intelligence functions (e.g., the
1062:
946:
793:
242:
2938:
2326:
1751:
Allows managers to meet a short-term critical hiring need to fulfill the mission of an agency for up to 30-days with one 30-day extension.
1163:
163:
3369:
2615:
2262:
2159:
1079:
956:
476:
267:
192:
1221:
1201:
3515:
2770:
2563:
2542:
2456:
2352:
1507:
Allows agencies to meet a hiring need that has not been remedied by using competitive examining, with justification and OPM approval.
976:
971:
926:
614:
496:
339:
331:
79:
1216:
1211:
1206:
4103:
2641:
2611:
2365:
2339:
2032:
1335:
1109:
1084:
1045:
936:
879:
844:
559:
61:
4055:
3196:
2601:
2589:
2571:
1327:
1155:
1140:
1116:
1031:
849:
831:
826:
1765:
Enables agencies to hire attorneys because OPM cannot develop qualification standards or examine for attorney positions by law.
4098:
3258:
2652:
2469:
2044:
1997:
1692:
1419:
1168:
1019:
961:
916:
744:
403:
1549:
Authorities granted by law, executive order, or regulation for which no specific OPM-designated hiring authority code exists.
4065:
4060:
3843:
2607:
2578:
2495:
2417:
1737:
Allows DOD to hire science and technology personnel at Research Labs with modification or waiver of some Title 5 provisions.
1346:
986:
981:
481:
461:
284:
250:
3421:
2973:
2482:
1820:
1612:
966:
951:
669:
74:
29:
4015:
3561:
3197:"Congressional Research Service Report for Congress: The Executive Schedule IV Pay Cap on General Schedule Compensation"
2087:
2067:
2048:
1816:
1608:
1366:
408:
300:
3140:
2777:
The Devil Wears Prada meets Catch-22; a novel about a young woman's journey into the heart of Washington's war machine.
2582:
1241:
3863:
3365:
3357:
3250:
2912:
2075:
1410:
1055:
839:
764:
709:
674:
3588:"D.C. Circuit reverses district court ruling that blocked Trump's civil service executive orders – Ballotpedia News"
3834:
3043:
2558:
Public support in the United States for civil service reform strengthened following the assassination of President
749:
654:
3831:
3339:
4040:
4025:
3958:
3167:
2525:
714:
704:
699:
679:
3228:
2512:
The federal government is the nation's single largest employer. Although most federal agencies are based in the
41:
3973:
3963:
3361:
1804:
1785:
1662:
Allows former eligible federal employees to reenter the competitive service without competing with the public.
1392:
779:
629:
544:
69:
2541:
meant that jobs were used to support the American political parties, though this was gradually changed by the
3394:
4150:
4050:
4005:
3983:
3968:
2890:
2199:
664:
659:
534:
1396:(SES) is the classification for non-competitive, senior leadership positions filled by career employees or
4077:
4035:
4020:
3978:
3856:
3152:
2648:
2516:
region, only about 16% (or about 288,000) of the federal government workforce is employed in this region.
1828:
1145:
754:
719:
624:
599:
100:
92:
3451:
3932:
2636:
1428:
739:
689:
644:
634:
619:
609:
594:
574:
549:
539:
529:
386:
108:
3182:
3990:
2821:
2760:
1262:
759:
734:
639:
579:
554:
524:
514:
184:
4000:
2882:
2647:
In October 2020, Trump signed an executive order that created a new category of federal employees,
1800:
1781:
1383:
694:
649:
589:
564:
519:
3778:
3805:
2942:
2915:. DOI University, National Business Center, U.S. Department of the Interior. 1998. Archived from
2186:
2173:
2002:
1808:
1362:
889:
724:
604:
569:
3743:"UPDATED: Biden repeals Schedule F, overturns Trump workforce policies with new executive order"
2689:
A State Department employee's son reconstructs a childhood in a fictional Middle Eastern country
3640:"Trump just quietly passed an executive order that could destroy a future Biden administration"
3898:
3511:
3017:
2831:
2806:
2786:
2766:
2744:
2721:
2701:
2678:
2566:, which was passed into law on January 16, 1883. The commission was created to administer the
2547:
2009:, which raised the salary cap for senior GS employees slightly above the $ 150,000 threshold.
899:
769:
729:
684:
584:
486:
381:
3251:"Circular NO. A–11 PT. 7 Planning, Budgeting, Acquisition, and Management of Capital Assets"
2513:
2128:
1812:
1777:
1405:
491:
113:
3773:
3486:
3426:
3069:"Excepted Service Hiring Authorities: Their Use and Effectiveness in the Executive Branch"
2631:
2531:
1274:
894:
376:
359:
349:
292:
228:
155:
3840:
1479:. Applicants ranked and selections made by category rating. Veterans' preference applies
3942:
3562:"President Trump signs three executive orders in attempted crackdown on federal unions"
2559:
2006:
1193:
1120:
3203:
1269:
4139:
3937:
3922:
3893:
3879:
3101:"Federal Hiring: OPM Needs to Improve Management and Oversight of Hiring Authorities"
2736:
2693:
2670:
2567:
2538:
1358:
1331:
1323:
275:
217:
195:
144:
3342:. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. March 12, 2008. Archived from
3918:
2627:
2606:
This act abolished the United States Civil Service Commission and created the U.S.
371:
354:
342:
206:
133:
3718:"Trump lays the groundwork for a massive government purge on his way out the door"
1339:
3913:
3903:
3692:"Congress, employee groups ramp up pressure to block Schedule F executive order"
2036:
1796:
364:
3536:"Trump signs executive orders aimed at loosening clout of federal labor unions"
3127:
3908:
3317:
3292:
3832:
Career Guide to Industries: Federal Government, Excluding the Postal Service
2657:
258:
2916:
3100:
3927:
2825:
2635:
However, in August 2018, after reviewing the executive orders in detail,
1319:
4131:
3995:
3627:
Court Delivers Blow to Federal Unions Fighting Trump's Workforce Orders
3343:
1476:
1493:
Exclusively for Veterans Affairs to hire certain medical occupations.
1446:
Description of the 20 hiring authorities most used in fiscal year 2014
2031:. In addition, a number of staff organizations are grouped into the
1742:
Schedule A: Temporary, less-than-full time positions, critical need
3666:"OMB Lists Positions Stripped of Job Protection Under Trump Order "
3398:
3505:
2101:
As of March 2022, there are 392 federal agencies including 9
3231:. United States Office of Personnel Management. December 18, 2008
3848:
3507:
SNAFU, A Hysterical Memoir About Why the Government Doesn't Work
3278:
2562:. The United States Civil Service Commission was created by the
2430:
2071:
1568:
Temporary appointment, based on prior temporary federal service
1183:
4132:
A-Z Index of U.S. Government Departments and Agencies - USA gov
3852:
2211:
2198:
2185:
2172:
3603:"Judge rules against Trump's attempt to weaken federal unions"
3510:. Orlando, FL: Createspace/BureauRat Publishing. p. 119.
1188:
40:
2797:
Humorous novel of 1970s federal employees in Washington, DC
2577:
Effective January 1, 1978, the commission was renamed the
3117:
Pub. Law no. 516, Ch. 265, 42 Stat. 1488 (March 4, 1923).
2712:
A novel about a public health contractor in San Francisco
2114:
Federal Government executive branch civilian employment,
1598:
Alternative Personnel System, Department of Agriculture
2885:; Ray, P. Orman (1947). "The Executive Civil Service".
2660:
on 22, January 2021, nullifying the personnel changes.
1420:
1377:
There are three categories of U.S. federal employees:
4086:
3951:
3886:
2966:"Federal Eye – How many federal workers are there?"
1411:
3340:"Federal Government, Excluding the Postal Service"
2084:United States Agency for International Development
3841:Federal Workforce Statistics Sources: OPM and OMB
3837:– Statistics and details on Federal civil service
3185:. Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 4A.
3170:. Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
1823:. In addition, some federal agencies—such as the
1714:Department of Defense expedited hiring authority
439:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review
3473:Creating America: A History of the United States
3422:"Administration Moves to Protect Key Appointees"
2622:Attempted reforms under the Trump administration
1825:United States Securities and Exchange Commission
1803:for federal blue-collar civilian employees, the
2762:The Heart of War: Misadventures in the Pentagon
2637:U.S. District Court Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson
1691:Provides hiring flexibility exclusively to the
1629:Provides hiring flexibility exclusively to the
1607:Provides hiring flexibility exclusively to the
3044:"Federal Hiring Flexibilities Resource Center"
3024:. United States Office of Personnel Management
2023:Civil service employees work in one of the 15
1322:workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military
3864:
2072:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1295:
8:
4120:Civil service reform in developing countries
2116:except U.S. Postal Service, fiscal year 2016
3153:"Federal pay and the General Schedule (GS)"
2863:Category:Civil service in the United States
1475:Vacancies open to the public and posted on
3871:
3857:
3849:
3381:
3293:"Branches of the U.S. Government | USAGov"
3095:
3093:
2869:Curtis Douglas vs. Veterans Administration
2338:
2325:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2222:
2158:
2112:
1540:Other law, executive order, or regulation
1443:
1302:
1288:
18:
16:Non-elected workforce of the US government
2853:Government employees in the United States
1700:Schedule A: severe physical disabilities
1484:Department of Veterans Affairs, Title 38
1345:The U.S. civil service is managed by the
1330:'s departments and agencies. The federal
4156:1871 establishments in the United States
3716:Rampell, Catherine (November 30, 2020).
3529:
3527:
2939:"Total Government Employment Since 1962"
1841:
1365:) and the over 600,000 employees of the
3450:. Digitalhistory.uh.edu. Archived from
3318:"FedScope Federal Human Resources Data"
3168:"Richest of federal workers get richer"
3018:"Help Center: Entering Federal Service"
2904:
2817:Novel about the wife of a federal judge
2755:A novel of a diplomat's son in Cambodia
2096:National Railroad Passenger Corporation
2061:Office of Science and Technology Policy
2053:Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
1620:Transportation Security Administration
1425:Tooltip Federal Bureau of Investigation
434:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court
424:Multidistrict Litigation Judicial Panel
28:
23:This article is part of a series on the
3769:"The Press: Soap Operas Come to Print"
3441:
3439:
3437:
3420:Eilperin, Juliet (November 18, 2008).
3107:. September 1, 2016. pp. 0, 9–11.
3105:U. S. Government Accountability Office
2858:List of United States federal agencies
2057:Office of National Drug Control Policy
2019:List of United States federal agencies
1835:—have their own unique pay schedules.
1638:Government-wide direct hire authority
1631:Transportation Security Administration
1526:Veterans Employment Opportunities Act
1498:Schedule A: Agency-specific Authority
3690:Ogrysko, Nicole (November 24, 2020).
3664:Wegmann, Philip (November 21, 2020).
3638:Feinberg, Andrew (October 30, 2020).
3320:. U.S. Office of Personnel Management
3181:Cauchon, Dennis (November 10, 2010).
3166:Cauchon, Dennis (December 11, 2009).
3128:"U.S. Office of Personnel Management"
2732:A novel of life in the Secret Service
2092:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
1833:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
794:Elections in the District of Columbia
7:
2337:
2311:
2285:
2260:
2234:
2210:
2184:
2157:
2122:
1164:United States and the United Nations
396:Inferior Courts of the United States
3370:National Imagery and Mapping Agency
3183:"More fed workers' pay tops $ 150K"
3078:. July 1, 2018. pp. 1–2, 9, 20
3076:U.S. Office of Personnel Management
2616:U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board
1728:Demonstration Project, Defense Lab
1416:Tooltip Central Intelligence Agency
1316:United States federal civil service
268:Vice President of the United States
4146:Civil service in the United States
4094:National civil service commissions
2964:O'Keefe, Ed (September 30, 2010).
2805:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
2720:. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.
2564:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
2543:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
2457:Securities and Exchange Commission
1512:Defense National Guard technician
332:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3269:from the original on June 4, 2011
2887:Essentials of American Government
2642:Federal Labor Relations Authority
2612:Federal Labor Relations Authority
2583:Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978
2066:Independent agencies include the
2033:Executive Office of the President
1583:Veterans recruitment appointment
62:Constitution of the United States
3777:. August 8, 1977. Archived from
3395:"Political Activity (Hatch Act)"
2765:. Post Hill Press. p. 277.
2743:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
2602:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
2596:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
2590:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978
2572:United States federal government
2086:(USAID). In addition, there are
1815:, and the pay schedules for the
1682:Federal Aviation Administration
1328:United States federal government
1268:
1256:
507:Elections by State and Territory
112:
107:
3446:Digital History, Steven Mintz.
3259:Office of Management and Budget
2653:Office of Management and Budget
2470:General Services Administration
2444:Environmental Protection Agency
2080:Environmental Protection Agency
2045:Office of Management and Budget
1998:Office of Management and Budget
1693:Federal Aviation Administration
1169:United Nations Security Council
1072:District of Columbia Government
3844:Congressional Research Service
3475:, Rand McNally, p. 238 (2003).
3229:"January 2009 Pay Adjustments"
2803:Secret understandings: A novel
2608:Office of Personnel Management
2586:(43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783)
2579:Office of Personnel Management
2496:Office of Personnel Management
2418:Social Security Administration
1347:Office of Personnel Management
285:United States Attorney General
251:President of the United States
1:
2941:. TemplateLab. Archived from
2842:A novel of the Forest Service
2759:McInnis, Kathleen J. (2018).
2677:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2554:U.S. Civil Service Commission
2483:Small Business Administration
2405:Selected independent agencies
2088:government-owned corporations
1613:Agricultural Research Service
429:Alien Terrorist Removal Court
2801:Philipson, Morris H (1983).
2664:Civil servants in literature
2068:United States Postal Service
2049:Council of Economic Advisers
1817:United States Postal Service
1351:three branches of government
419:Court of International Trade
3366:Defense Intelligence Agency
3358:Central Intelligence Agency
2913:"The Federal Civil Service"
2301:Health/Human Services (HHS)
2076:Central Intelligence Agency
4172:
3835:Bureau of Labor Statistics
2998:. Opm.gov. January 1, 2012
2700:. London: Serpent's Tail.
2599:
2523:
2118:(Employment in thousands)
2016:
1775:
1667:Pathways Recent Graduates
4112:
3397:. Osc.gov. Archived from
2741:A Wilderness Called Peace
2526:U.S. Civil Service Reform
2041:National Security Council
1334:was established in 1871 (
860:List of political parties
4104:Civil service by country
3362:National Security Agency
2581:under the provisions of
2145:
2134:
1805:Senior Executive Service
1786:Senior Executive Service
1393:Senior Executive Service
1263:United States portal
775:Northern Mariana Islands
123:House of Representatives
3801:"The Rules of the Game"
3504:Roberge, Ellen (2011).
3485:Ingraham, Patricia W.;
2891:Appleton-Century-Crofts
2830:. New York: Doubleday.
2716:Costello, Mark (2002).
2675:Little America: A Novel
2626:In May 2018, President
2379:Housing/Urban Dev (HUD)
992:Individualist anarchism
164:Congressional districts
4099:Government occupations
2781:Mumms, Hardee (1977).
2546:appointees. Under the
1829:Federal Reserve System
1756:Schedule A, attorneys
1466:Competitive examining
1398:political appointments
1129:Diplomatic missions of
1007:Political polarization
477:Presidential elections
101:United States Congress
45:
3933:Public administration
2827:The Rules of the Game
2822:White, Stewart Edward
2147:Executive departments
2025:executive departments
204:President Pro Tempore
44:
3952:By country/territory
3781:on December 15, 2008
3747:Federal News Network
3696:Federal News Network
2785:. New York: Dutton.
2109:Employment by agency
2029:independent agencies
1554:Pathways internship
1133:in the United States
873:Political ideologies
497:Presidential primary
3722:The Washington Post
3670:Real Clear Politics
3491:The Future of Merit
3346:on January 14, 2009
3209:on January 19, 2012
2970:The Washington Post
2919:on October 18, 2009
2119:
1801:Federal Wage System
1782:Federal Wage System
1448:
1384:competitive service
1367:U.S. Postal Service
1275:Politics portal
1110:Department of State
785:U.S. Virgin Islands
3806:The New York Times
3749:. January 22, 2021
3454:on October 1, 2011
2113:
2003:Executive Schedule
1945:Highest step (10)
1809:Executive Schedule
1444:
1436:Hiring authorities
1373:Types of employees
1359:legislative branch
1326:employees) of the
1117:Secretary of State
487:Off-year elections
469:National Elections
176:Non-voting members
54:Federal government
46:
4128:
4127:
3899:Government agency
3448:"Digital History"
3279:National Archives
2976:on March 28, 2013
2837:978-1-4432-2300-3
2812:978-0-671-46619-0
2792:978-0-525-10425-4
2750:978-0-671-47416-4
2727:978-0-393-05116-2
2707:978-1-85242-554-8
2684:978-0-525-10425-4
2548:Hatch Act of 1939
2507:
2506:
2237:Homeland Security
2103:executive offices
1994:
1993:
1813:federal employees
1811:for high-ranking
1769:
1768:
1452:Hiring authority
1312:
1311:
1151:Visa requirements
1103:Foreign relations
1002:Political culture
942:Constitutionalism
820:Political parties
805:List of Elections
492:Primary elections
482:Midterm elections
404:Courts of appeals
32:
4163:
4066:Northern Ireland
3873:
3866:
3859:
3850:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3635:
3629:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3601:Korte, Gregory.
3598:
3592:
3591:
3590:. July 18, 2019.
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3566:The Plain Dealer
3560:Eaton, Sabrina.
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3534:Korte, Gregory.
3531:
3522:
3521:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3443:
3432:
3431:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3255:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3202:. Archived from
3201:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3073:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2972:. Archived from
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2945:on April 1, 2018
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2909:
2894:
2889:(5th ed.).
2883:Ogg, Frederic A.
2841:
2816:
2796:
2783:Federal Triangle
2776:
2754:
2731:
2711:
2688:
2632:executive orders
2532:Between the wars
2514:Washington, D.C.
2224:Veterans Affairs
2120:
2035:, including the
2013:Federal agencies
1895:Lowest step (1)
1842:
1778:General Schedule
1449:
1447:
1429:State Department
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1406:excepted service
1355:executive branch
1304:
1297:
1290:
1273:
1272:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1080:District Council
1063:Local government
947:Environmentalism
311:Executive Office
306:Federal agencies
116:
111:
31:Politics of the
30:
19:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4124:
4108:
4082:
3947:
3882:
3877:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3809:. March 5, 1911
3799:
3798:
3794:
3784:
3782:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3726:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3674:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3644:The Independent
3637:
3636:
3632:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3568:. Cleveland.com
3559:
3558:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3487:Donald Moynihan
3484:
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3457:
3455:
3445:
3444:
3435:
3427:Washington Post
3419:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3401:on May 20, 2011
3393:
3392:
3388:
3382:Essentials 1947
3380:
3376:
3349:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3052:
3050:
3048:archive.opm.gov
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2996:"December 2011"
2994:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2881:
2878:
2849:
2838:
2820:
2813:
2800:
2793:
2780:
2773:
2758:
2751:
2735:
2728:
2715:
2708:
2692:
2685:
2669:
2666:
2624:
2614:(FLRA) and the
2604:
2598:
2556:
2528:
2522:
2135:Combined Total
2117:
2115:
2111:
2094:(FDIC) and the
2082:(EPA), and the
2021:
2015:
1821:Foreign Service
1788:
1776:Main articles:
1774:
1445:
1438:
1424:
1415:
1375:
1363:judicial branch
1308:
1279:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1198:
1180:
1160:
1141:Nationality law
1137:
1125:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1067:
1022:
1012:
1011:
998:
933:
875:
865:
864:
856:
836:
822:
812:
811:
799:
789:
511:
503:
473:
464:
454:
453:
448:Other tribunals
443:
409:District courts
391:
326:
316:
315:
297:
293:Merrick Garland
245:
235:
234:
229:Mitch McConnell
226:Minority Leader
215:Majority Leader
180:
156:Hakeem Jeffries
153:Minority Leader
142:Majority Leader
118:
95:
85:
84:
56:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4169:
4167:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4151:Civil services
4148:
4138:
4137:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4078:European Union
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4061:United Kingdom
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3943:Public service
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3827:
3826:External links
3824:
3821:
3820:
3792:
3760:
3734:
3708:
3682:
3656:
3630:
3619:
3593:
3579:
3552:
3523:
3517:978-0615610290
3516:
3496:
3493:. p. 103.
3477:
3465:
3433:
3412:
3386:
3384:, p. 307.
3374:
3331:
3309:
3284:
3242:
3220:
3188:
3173:
3158:
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3133:
3119:
3110:
3089:
3060:
3035:
3009:
2987:
2956:
2930:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2818:
2811:
2798:
2791:
2778:
2772:978-1682616512
2771:
2756:
2749:
2737:Keeley, Edmund
2733:
2726:
2713:
2706:
2698:The enumerator
2694:Bushell, Agnes
2690:
2683:
2671:Bromell, Henry
2665:
2662:
2623:
2620:
2600:Main article:
2597:
2594:
2560:James Garfield
2555:
2552:
2524:Main article:
2521:
2518:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2462:
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2440:
2439:
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2433:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2420:
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2413:
2410:
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2349:
2348:
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2342:
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2335:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2314:Transportation
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2271:
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2265:
2259:
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2255:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2212:Other defense
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2110:
2107:
2027:or one of the
2017:Main article:
2014:
2011:
2007:George W. Bush
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
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1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
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1879:
1876:
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1867:
1864:
1861:
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1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
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1770:
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1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1746:
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1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:Reinstatement
1650:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1609:Forest Service
1605:
1602:
1599:
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1594:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1572:
1569:
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1516:
1513:
1509:
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1505:
1502:
1499:
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1491:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1441:appointments:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1401:
1388:
1374:
1371:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1265:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1232:European Union
1229:
1227:United Kingdom
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1124:
1123:
1121:Antony Blinken
1113:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1090:Superior Court
1087:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1004:
997:
996:
995:
994:
989:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
957:Libertarianism
954:
949:
944:
939:
932:
931:
930:
929:
924:
914:
913:
912:
910:Traditionalist
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
876:
871:
870:
867:
866:
863:
862:
855:
854:
853:
852:
847:
835:
834:
829:
823:
818:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
798:
797:
788:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
765:American Samoa
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
710:South Carolina
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
675:North Carolina
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
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572:
567:
562:
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552:
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527:
522:
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451:
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431:
426:
421:
416:
406:
400:
399:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
346:
345:
336:
335:
327:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
308:
303:
296:
295:
289:
288:
280:
279:
272:
271:
263:
262:
255:
254:
246:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
232:
222:
221:
211:
210:
200:
199:
189:
188:
179:
178:
172:
171:
160:
159:
149:
148:
138:
137:
127:
126:
105:
104:
96:
91:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:
77:
72:
66:
65:
57:
52:
51:
48:
47:
37:
36:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4168:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4134:
4133:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:United States
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
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4027:
4024:
4022:
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4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
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3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3938:Public policy
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:Spoils system
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3894:Public sector
3892:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3880:Civil service
3874:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3833:
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3808:
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3262:. June 2008.
3261:
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3252:
3246:
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3205:
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2643:
2638:
2633:
2630:signed three
2629:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:civil service
2565:
2561:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2539:spoils system
2535:
2533:
2527:
2519:
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2510:
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2256:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
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2177:
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2171:
2167:
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2153:
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2148:
2144:
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2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
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2121:
2108:
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2104:
2099:
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2093:
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2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
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1877:
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1840:
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1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1787:
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1755:
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1597:
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1503:
1500:
1497:
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1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:Service type
1454:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1395:
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1372:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:5 U.S.C.
1333:
1332:civil service
1329:
1325:
1324:public sector
1321:
1317:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1253:
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1250:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1237:Latin America
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
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1205:
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1199:
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1078:
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1042:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
978:
977:Republicanism
975:
973:
972:Protectionism
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
928:
927:Progressivism
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
915:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
881:
878:
877:
874:
869:
868:
861:
858:
857:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
841:
840:Third parties
838:
837:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
821:
816:
815:
808:
806:
801:
800:
796:
795:
791:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
750:West Virginia
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:New Hampshire
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:Massachusetts
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
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498:
495:
494:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
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478:
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467:
466:
463:
458:
457:
450:
449:
445:
444:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
414:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
398:
397:
393:
392:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
344:
341:
340:Chief Justice
338:
337:
334:
333:
329:
328:
325:
320:
319:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
282:
281:
277:
276:Kamala Harris
274:
273:
270:
269:
265:
264:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
248:
247:
244:
239:
238:
230:
227:
224:
223:
219:
218:Chuck Schumer
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:Kamala Harris
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
182:
181:
177:
174:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
151:
150:
146:
145:Steve Scalise
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
119:
117:
115:
110:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
89:
88:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
50:
49:
43:
39:
38:
35:
34:United States
27:
24:
21:
20:
4130:
4116:
4072:
3919:Merit system
3811:. Retrieved
3804:
3795:
3785:February 27,
3783:. Retrieved
3779:the original
3772:
3763:
3751:. Retrieved
3746:
3737:
3725:. Retrieved
3721:
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3695:
3685:
3673:. Retrieved
3669:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3643:
3633:
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3606:
3596:
3582:
3570:. Retrieved
3565:
3555:
3543:. Retrieved
3539:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3480:
3472:
3468:
3456:. Retrieved
3452:the original
3425:
3415:
3403:. Retrieved
3399:the original
3389:
3377:
3348:. Retrieved
3344:the original
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3312:
3300:. Retrieved
3296:
3287:
3277:– via
3271:. Retrieved
3257:
3245:
3235:December 22,
3233:. Retrieved
3223:
3213:December 22,
3211:. Retrieved
3204:the original
3191:
3176:
3161:
3147:
3136:
3122:
3113:
3104:
3080:. Retrieved
3075:
3063:
3051:. Retrieved
3047:
3038:
3026:. Retrieved
3021:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2990:
2978:. Retrieved
2974:the original
2969:
2959:
2947:. Retrieved
2943:the original
2933:
2921:. Retrieved
2917:the original
2907:
2886:
2876:Bibliography
2867:
2826:
2802:
2782:
2761:
2740:
2717:
2697:
2674:
2646:
2628:Donald Trump
2625:
2605:
2585:
2576:
2557:
2536:
2529:
2511:
2508:
2404:
2146:
2100:
2090:such as the
2074:(NASA), the
2070:(USPS), the
2065:
2022:
1995:
1837:
1793:
1789:
1717:Competitive
1656:Competitive
1641:Competitive
1601:Competitive
1571:Competitive
1529:Competitive
1469:Competitive
1461:Description
1439:
1404:
1391:
1382:
1376:
1344:
1315:
1313:
1070:
1046:Legislatures
1026:
937:Abolitionism
880:Conservatism
802:
792:
715:South Dakota
705:Rhode Island
700:Pennsylvania
680:North Dakota
506:
468:
446:
394:
343:John Roberts
330:
283:
266:
249:
207:Patty Murray
183:
134:Mike Johnson
121:
106:
99:
60:
22:
4031:New Zealand
3914:Technocracy
3904:Bureaucracy
3727:December 1,
3701:December 1,
3675:December 1,
3649:December 1,
3612:December 3,
3572:December 3,
3545:December 3,
3324:February 7,
3297:www.usa.gov
3028:January 25,
3002:February 5,
2980:February 5,
2949:February 5,
2610:(OPM), the
2275:Agriculture
2078:(CIA), the
2039:staff, the
2037:White House
1797:blue-collar
1772:Pay systems
1340:§ 2101
1242:Arab League
1156:Visa policy
1032:Territorial
845:Libertarian
780:Puerto Rico
630:Mississippi
545:Connecticut
93:Legislature
4140:Categories
4087:Categories
3964:Bangladesh
3909:Bureaucrat
2923:August 31,
2899:References
2649:Schedule F
2125:Worldwide
1990:$ 159,950
1940:$ 123,041
1831:, and the
1034:government
1020:Federalism
962:Monarchism
917:Liberalism
832:Republican
827:Democratic
745:Washington
665:New Mexico
660:New Jersey
535:California
4117:See also:
4056:Sri Lanka
4051:Singapore
3984:Hong Kong
3959:Australia
3813:March 19,
3753:March 27,
3607:USA TODAY
3540:USA TODAY
3302:March 29,
3053:March 27,
2658:Joe Biden
2392:Education
2200:Air Force
1987:$ 135,987
1984:$ 115,079
1937:$ 104,604
1845:Pay grade
1759:Excepted
1745:Excepted
1703:Excepted
1685:Excepted
1670:Excepted
1623:Excepted
1586:Excepted
1557:Excepted
1515:Excepted
1501:Excepted
1487:Excepted
1146:Passports
1041:Governors
987:Anarchism
982:Socialism
755:Wisconsin
720:Tennessee
625:Minnesota
600:Louisiana
462:Elections
377:Kavanaugh
360:Sotomayor
324:Judiciary
259:Joe Biden
243:Executive
193:President
4041:Pakistan
4026:Malaysia
3928:Diplomat
3887:Concepts
3489:(2000).
3350:July 28,
3273:July 28,
3264:Archived
3141:NASA.gov
3082:March 3,
2847:See also
2824:(1910).
2739:(1985).
2696:(1997).
2673:(2001).
2588:and the
2327:Commerce
2288:Interior
2250:Treasury
2162:, total
2098:(NRPC).
2059:and the
1981:$ 96,770
1978:$ 80,737
1975:$ 73,484
1972:$ 66,731
1969:$ 60,416
1966:$ 54,557
1963:$ 49,096
1960:$ 44,039
1957:$ 39,361
1954:$ 35,066
1951:$ 31,114
1948:$ 27,502
1934:$ 88,520
1931:$ 74,441
1928:$ 62,107
1925:$ 56,528
1922:$ 51,332
1919:$ 46,475
1916:$ 41,966
1913:$ 37,765
1910:$ 33,878
1907:$ 30,280
1904:$ 26,975
1901:$ 24,722
1898:$ 21,986
1819:and the
1807:and the
1611:and the
1320:civilian
967:Populism
952:Feminism
740:Virginia
690:Oklahoma
670:New York
645:Nebraska
635:Missouri
620:Michigan
610:Maryland
595:Kentucky
575:Illinois
550:Delaware
540:Colorado
530:Arkansas
75:Taxation
4036:Nigeria
4011:Ireland
3996:Germany
3458:May 25,
3405:May 25,
3022:USAJOBS
2570:of the
2520:History
2263:Justice
2160:Defense
1546:10,745
1532:11,011
1518:11,143
1504:11,220
1490:30,240
1477:USAJobs
1472:44,612
1458:Number
1318:is the
885:history
760:Wyoming
735:Vermont
640:Montana
580:Indiana
560:Georgia
555:Florida
525:Arizona
515:Alabama
387:Jackson
382:Barrett
372:Gorsuch
301:Cabinet
131:Speaker
4046:Russia
4001:Greece
3991:France
3974:Canada
3969:Brazil
3514:
3368:, and
2834:
2809:
2789:
2769:
2747:
2724:
2718:Big If
2704:
2681:
2353:Energy
2151:1,923
2138:2,096
2055:, the
2051:, the
2047:, the
2043:, the
1890:GS-15
1827:, the
1784:, and
1762:1,627
1748:1,688
1734:2,032
1720:2,080
1706:2,204
1688:2,676
1673:2,845
1659:3,624
1644:4,449
1626:4,540
1604:6,630
1589:7,733
1574:8,344
1560:8,862
1361:, and
1338:
1222:Canada
1202:Russia
1056:Courts
922:Modern
905:Social
900:Paleo-
695:Oregon
650:Nevada
590:Kansas
565:Hawaii
520:Alaska
350:Thomas
185:Senate
80:Policy
4021:Japan
4016:Italy
4006:India
3979:China
3267:(PDF)
3254:(PDF)
3207:(PDF)
3200:(PDF)
3072:(PDF)
2366:State
2340:Labor
2168:16.5
1887:GS-14
1884:GS-13
1881:GS-12
1878:GS-11
1875:GS-10
1731:Both
1543:Both
1353:(the
1217:Japan
1212:India
1207:China
1085:Mayor
1028:State
890:Black
850:Green
725:Texas
605:Maine
570:Idaho
365:Kagan
355:Alito
3815:2018
3787:2010
3774:Time
3755:2021
3729:2020
3703:2020
3677:2020
3651:2020
3614:2018
3574:2018
3547:2018
3512:ISBN
3460:2011
3407:2011
3352:2008
3326:2017
3304:2022
3275:2008
3237:2011
3215:2011
3084:2019
3055:2021
3030:2017
3004:2013
2982:2013
2951:2013
2925:2009
2832:ISBN
2807:ISBN
2787:ISBN
2767:ISBN
2745:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2702:ISBN
2679:ISBN
2490:0.8
2431:NASA
2425:0.2
2409:173
2267:117
2241:192
2228:373
2207:0.5
2204:169
2191:207
2187:Navy
2178:251
2174:Army
2165:738
2154:132
2141:173
2129:D.C.
1872:GS-9
1869:GS-8
1866:GS-7
1863:GS-6
1860:GS-5
1857:GS-4
1854:GS-3
1851:GS-2
1848:GS-1
1403:The
1390:The
1381:The
1314:The
1184:NATO
1050:list
1030:and
895:Neo-
770:Guam
730:Utah
685:Ohio
585:Iowa
413:list
168:list
2474:12
2448:16
2435:17
2422:64
2412:41
2373:10
2370:13
2357:15
2344:16
2331:46
2318:55
2305:87
2292:71
2279:97
2254:92
2244:24
2215:80
2194:12
1421:FBI
1412:CIA
1189:G20
278:(D)
261:(D)
231:(R)
220:(D)
209:(D)
198:(D)
158:(D)
147:(R)
136:(R)
70:Law
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