Universal City Zoo - Knowledge (XXG)

848: 971: 1025: 1041: 990:, strapped him to a dental chair on set, pulled out all of his teeth with pliers and then, when he came to his senses, killed Joe Martin with a single shot to the brain. Later in Cary's telling, Curly Stecker confessed to Cary and her father in a private conversation in the Universal barn that he's always had a tense relationship with Charlie the Elephant. "A week later" Cary and her father overheard Stecker and Charlie in battle, and with Cary as an eyewitness, Stecker was left "crushed and broken…the luckless trainer…lay in the bloodied dust" as a propman found "Stecker's big gun" and killed Charlie with "three blasts from the powerful weapon." 232: 742: 770: 754: 994:

this event at a very young age. Cary then wrote her autobiography in 1996, at the age of 78, a full 73 years after the supposed incident occurred. We need to at least consider that Cary may be misremembering a moment from her youth, if not imagining an incident that never really took place…While this is a trivial exercise in chasing down materials, it does point to a larger problem. Baby Peggy's account has been cited a number of times, even though it seems not to be true. Repetition does not always equate to authority."

676: 136: 29: 200: 300: 841:(the first being a male who arrived from Singapore as a baby and died young). The Zoo's second Jiggs was "an old and dangerous female, a movie actress accustomed to fighting for her rights". After a period in separate enclosures, the zoo staff moved her in with the younger female Maggie, and they lived together in reasonable harmony for five years. Author and zoo director 737:. According to a later report, "she had gotten so temperamental that Universal officials decided she had best be shot before she killed someone," and doing it onscreen for the film would provide realism to the scene and be economically efficient as well. However, "Curly Stecker's kind heart" got the better of them and Princess was still working as of April 1921. 292:. According to one source the end of the silent era doomed the zoo because it was no longer possible for a trainer to stand behind the camera and verbally cue the animals through their moves. Using hand signals, that the animal needed to perceive from 30 ft (9.1 m) away was "so arduous a task that until now wild animals have not been used in 1006:; Fishback was in charge of the Mrs. Joe Martin (chimpanzee) films. Cary places Julius Stern on the scene of Stecker killing Joe Martin, but the history of the Stern brothers comedy operation states "the Sterns had no direct involvement with any of the .” Of course, the Stern brothers could possibly have had 874:." But Joe had something different from a habit—he had an idea. He puffed ecstatically for a moment, during which time Skipper chattered and cursed, seeing that Joe had something which he hadn't, and at last he snatched the lighted weed and started in on it. Those watching, say that Joe observed him with 824:

Jiggs (orangutan) was meant to be a replacement for Joe Martin; Stecker had been planning to "retire" Joe Martin as an adult and a younger orangutan would take up his niche. Jiggs may have arrived at the zoo in 1921 in the company of two others, whom Stecker called Kelly and Moriarty. She injured her

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of domestic animals (goats, sheep, a pig and horses) and rapidly expanded to include a menagerie of wild animals, supposedly including "lions, tigers, bears, pumas, leopards, jaguars and other wild denizens of the tropical forests." In May 1914, two lionesses and leopard got in a half-hour-long fight

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In February 1927, one assistant trainer at the zoo, Scotty Wonderle, shot another assistant trainer, George Emerson, as part of some long-standing personal feud. The proximate issue was whose job it was to put a mat in a tiger’s cage. Emerson survived and worked as a film-industry animal trainer for

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Circa summer 1919, the index of animals on the back ranch was "one tigress, 4 lionesses, 7 lions, 4 lion cubs, 6 leopards, 2 leopard cubs, 2 pumas, 2 bears, 10 wolves, 3 newborn wolf-puppies, 12 Malamute sledge dogs, 3 weaning puppies, 1 elephant, 4 camels, 1 baby camel, 4 monkeys, 1 orangutan (the

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A pair of reference librarians who used Joe Martin as an example of how to evaluate sources wrote, "We can find nothing to confirm Cary's story, and a number of things to refute it…We saw Cary cited numerous times, but there are flaws in her account. It's important to remember that she 'witnessed'

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from Universal. According to a contemporary report, "With teeth like a shark, weight to hold his own, and a battle record that shames the Malamute colony at Universal City, Jack Ketch is just the animal to make sure that Joe Martin does not escape again. If Joe could catch the animal he could tear

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The zoo supervisors and head trainers were often involved in conceiving and producing the studio's animal pictures. Most had a circus background. Paul Bourgeois both directed animal films and worked as an actor. The brothers Stecker and Charles B. Murphy worked together managing the animals on the

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According to the article, Curly Stecker volunteered to remove Joe Martin's "tusks," rather than kill Joe Martin, which was the legally prescribed penalty. Stecker apparently would do the operation himself; a dental chair is mentioned in the article. This report or similar is likely the origin of

967:, although her books are for the most part "a very accurate retelling of her time in Hollywood," she "goes off the rails in her retelling of the deaths of Joe Martin and Charlie." He argues that Cary's account is likely from "stories that Cary was told instead of things she experienced herself." 155:) on March 15, 1915, the dedicated zoo and arena for filming were a major attraction for the thousands of invited guests. Admission to the studio tour, including the zoo, cost 25¢ in 1915. The tour included a box lunch and attracted an average of 500 visitors a day. Visiting dignitaries, such as 247:

Circa 1921, a newspaper reporter wrote that the zoo was on the Universal back ranch about 2 mi (3.2 km) down a winding road from Universal City. She described it as "surrounded by a tall whitewashed fence with everything looking about neat as a pin…laid out with white walks, a large

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day; on Monday mornings the first meal of the day was rich fare.) The camels were each given half a bale of hay a day. The lions got 25 lb (11 kg) of meat a day, while the leopards and pumas got 12 lb (5.4 kg) each. Bears received bread and vegetables, and had 5 ft

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wire-enclosed bird house being the centerpiece of the place, everything from canary-birds to a huge elephant." The zoo also had a "big barn-like building with concrete floors" that housed an elephant and six camels. The cages were said to be within 100 ft (30 m) of the

591:"Shakeup at U...Curley Stecker, for years custodian of the zoo, and chief animal trainer, is being replaced by Sigmund Moos." Moos had long been the studio's leasing manager; he had no evident animal expertise. Stecker was seemingly restored to his position in March 1922. 648:. Herman Ziegler was named Murphy's assistant in 1925. Elected justice of the peace of Universal City in 1926 and performed at least one wedding. He appeared onscreen in many films, usually in bit parts or as a stuntman. Charles B. Murphy was killed in 1942 on the set of 1073:

was a decision reportedly made by Carl Laemmle himself, and multiple methods of execution were considered. While there is debate about how Charlie was dispatched, and the preponderance of evidence points to garroting—although some sources do say the studio settled upon

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to the zoo; De Rosselli supposedly "performed the operation of removing the poison sack from its mouth and now it is destined to be an actor." During a zoo baby boom in 1917, an entertainment writer made a reference that pointed to the fraught social politics of the

870:," in which Joe took the lead, he had to smoke a cigar, and he got away with it, but was green-eyed for an hour afterward. When he went into his cage that night, he begged another lighted cigar from a studio carpenter, who gave it to him, observing that Joe had " 722:

during a film shoot in 1915, and "tiger on the loose!" was a big local event. Curley Stecker found her under some lumber on a dock, and lassoed her and returned her to containment. She was reportedly going to be killed onscreen in 1920 for the

268:. In 1926, the zoo auctioned off a number of animals, including 10 lions, two tigers, six monkeys and some "less interesting" animals to local zoos, circuses and private owners. (The lions auctioned in 1926 may have become the core of the 997:

Cary’s memoir has led to confusion about whether or not Joe Martin comedies were associated with the Stern brothers comedy operation. Thomas Reeder, author of the major Stern brothers filmography, concluded the Joe Martin comedies were

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he opened in 1915. According to one scholar, avoiding the oversight of east-coast animal welfare groups was one of the many motives for moving the film industry out west. The so-called Universal Oak Crest ranch zoo located at the old

1062:, film history books, and multiple press outlets all agree that Joe Martin was sold to the circus, and he appears to have both toured the country and been exhibited for several years in "Monkeyville" (a local derisive description of 279:

The zoo closed in 1930. One article in 1939 stated, "When the talkies came…the menagerie proved too expensive to keep up…it represented an investment of $ 600,000." Sometime before May 1930, the 26 lions were sold to a circus in

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Skipper (monkey), species unknown, often made his way into Joe Martin's enclosure, sometimes to the orangutan's annoyance. Said to be "sassy", Skipper helped himself to Joe Martin's peanut allotment. According to a contemporary

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and Curley Stecker helped build Universal Studios way back in 1913. His attack on Curley Stecker made newspapers worldwide and his subsequent execution was a seminal event in reforming performing-animal welfare within the film

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The studio may have held onto a handful of low-maintenance animals and/or kept the zoo infrastructure intact into the early 1930s. The studio stopped offering tours in the 1930s and would not revive the practice until 1964.

344:(1.5 m)-deep pits filled with running water. "Eskimo dogs" were served bread, vegetables and a meat stew. Animals were given water three times a day in winter, and running water was put in all cages during the summer. 264:) animals were moved to the Universal Zoo. In the mid-1920s, Carl Laemmle personally managed the studio's response to animal cruelty allegations by the American Animal Defense League in the wake of the killing of 216:), 1 hoot-owl, 1 cockatoo, 2 ducks, 40 pigeons, 24 chickens, 16 domestic dogs." At the zoo's peak in 1920, it was home to some 30 lions. The zoo also periodically housed somewhat less familiar animals such as 878:

joy, and, by pretending to take the cigar away, bluffed Skipper into smoking all of it. What resulted was, of course, inevitable. The robber monkey curled up in a ball of misery and alternately suffered from

252:, a location that put the zoo in danger of intermittent flooding. In 1921, Betsy, one of apparently multiple mountain lions at the zoo, gave birth to a litter of four kittens. Carl Laemmle's brothers-in-law 260:

had a film operation across town that produced comedy shorts. Sometimes their animals, such as the so-called Century Lions, were boarded at the zoo. In April 1921, all of the Century Comedy Zoo (aka

982:, she claims that she was in the midst of filming with "Joe Martin the chimpanzee" when, somewhere backstage, Joe Martin bit Curly Stecker's wife. Despite the helpless pleadings of producer 128:

when a chute was left open between cages; one of the lionnesses was severely injured. In July 1914, shaving the camels for "sanitary reasons" yielded camel hair that was sold for $ 350. As

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The so-call Century Lions, stars of a comedy franchise produced by the Stern brothers, were temporarily housed at the Universal Zoo for insurance reasons until they moved permanently to

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serial. At the time of his death he was engaged to be married to Lorena Lorenz, "the Girl in Red," who had a specialty of diving with a horse into a water tank. The lion was shot. A

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found two bear cubs on his ranch that year and took them to Curly Stecker, "knowing that they would be well-cared for at Universal City." In 1921, the zoo bought eight kangaroos.

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As for Curley Stecker, multiple newspaper accounts relate that he was not killed immediately. He succumbed to his injuries after being hospitalized or suffering at his home in

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hand in 1926 trying to pull up boards from her cage. Jiggs was reportedly "sweet and even-tempered," and appeared in many Universal comedy shorts alongside human actors like

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expedition to Africa and had assisted in the capture of wild beasts as well as being an expert in training them. He had had years of experience as a circus man." Died from

3827:"Town Fears Simian Cognomen: Improvement Association Fights Incorporation of Circus Home as Barnes City, Dreading Nickname Such as Monkeyville Town Fights Incorporation". 804:

Zela (lion cub) was taken home by Rudolph Valentino and Natacha Rambova at six weeks old. They kept as Zela as a pet until four months old when she was handed over to "

163:, were frequently given tours and photo opportunities with the famous animals. Universal City in 1915 also reportedly had a stable with 500 horses, along with a studio 4163: 2260: 132:

put it in 1939, “Among the oak trees, desert scenes, and other natural beauties to be found on the far outskirts of Los Angeles was established a good-sized zoo."

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Ethel (lion) was born and raised at Universal. She attacked Curly Stecker in September 1922, mangling his left hand and removing flesh. Stecker was hospitalized at

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Multiple newspaper articles from the second half of 1923 report on the studio's deliberations about Charlie the Elephant's fate—whether or not he would be

1568:"Becomes a Star in a Night Due to Beauty and Talent: Universal Film Star, Chimpanzee Charlie, Shows Remarkable Histrionic Ability and Signs Life Contract" 4183: 1086: 152: 847: 569:, Curley Stecker was the primary trainer of Joe Martin and Charlie the Elephant. Charlie was executed in 1923 for his near-fatal attack on Stecker. 4029: 1126: 4158: 2991: 1516: 3695: 1979: 1827: 1526: 1278: 3886: 837:. Jiggs was relocated to a San Diego zoo when the Universal zoo closed in 1930. Universal's Jiggs was most likely the second Jiggs of the 516:

Simultaneous with Rex De Rosselli? A tiger trainer and cinematographer from Europe, he had previously traveled with the Hagenbeck circus.

2044:"Universal Pictures: The Story of the New Universal Whose History Goes Back to Laemmle, the Nickelodeons, and the Old IMP Company Days". 4193: 3377: 970: 231: 3778: 538:

Simultaneous with Paul Bourgeois? When De Rosselli, also an actor, was cast in the lead of "a series of mountain pictures directed by

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evidence about Universal City Zoo. The troop of youngsters there include a leopard, three lions, four huskies, seven wolves, camel,

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duel" in 1917; Alvarez was dying and the other man, Modesto Sylvas, was dead after an alleged attack by Sylvas on Alvarez's wife.

185: 3987: 3853: 1268: 468: 2379: 789:. There were likely multiple Ethels. An early Ethel died in 1918 and was buried in a ceremony that was attended by actress 1567: 1032:

According to one newspaper report in 1921, Joe Martin may very well have bitten Curly Stecker's wife Ethel, while shooting

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by Universal between 1921 and 1924. She mentioned Joe Martin, Charlie the Elephant, and Curley Stecker in her 1996 memoir,

3972: 1059: 637: 4114: 3612:. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 44–46 (deaths of Martin, Stecker, elephant), 335 (Life in Hollywood newsreel). 1024: 741: 891:] and attacks of cramps. Since then, he has not molested Joe's belongings, and peace reigns in the house of Martin. 4198: 4173: 140: 95: 3642: 1969: 4106: 3447: 2885: 2897: 1111: 1046: 684: 91: 90:

adventure films, circus pictures, and animal comedies, and to "serve as a point of interest" for tourists visiting

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Stern-affiliated and suggests, " may have misremembered Mrs. Joe Martin as Joe." Cary was often directed by

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had his own comedy franchise for a time, but became too dangerous for film work and was sold to a circus.

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superintendent, has been placed in charge of the Universal Zoo, and is supervising the animal work for

269: 3042: 2832: 2784: 2140: 1865: 1741: 1693: 171:. The 400-acre (1.6 km) studio was wild even without the addition of African lions and leopards—" 4168: 3998: 3904: 3871: 2524:"Dr. W.W. Kirby Dies from Wounds in Fight with Lion, Los Angeles Evening Express 17 Apr 1914, page 6" 1621: 1366: 1205: 762: 3504: 3463: 3184: 3066: 3016: 2942: 2880: 2760: 2640: 2045: 1717: 1450: 834: 3993: 2354: 1055: 826: 729: 497: 225: 80: 28: 3960: 3713: 1950: 1942: 1845: 1089:

for the better part of the year. Stecker's death certificate says that he died June 17, 1924, at

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Time is money! : the Century, Rainbow, and Stern Brothers comedies of Julius and Abe Stern

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Time is money! : the Century, Rainbow, and Stern Brothers comedies of Julius and Abe Stern

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him to pieces with his powerful hands, but the wily dog relies on his speed and sharp teeth."

3854:"Famed Elephant Must Be Killed: Charley, Formerly Prince Rajah, Condemned by Humane Society" 3605: 2928: 2547: 1926: 1241: 1094: 1011: 948: 919: 500:. Bitten by a "wolf-dog" in December 1914 while training it to jump through a flaming hoop. 339:

During the Curley Stecker era, feeding time was 8 a.m. daily except Sundays. (Sunday was a

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When Universal City held its grand opening at the current location (at what was then called

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Whatever happened to Baby Peggy? : the autobiography of Hollywood's pioneer child star

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From Hollywood to Disneyland: Walt Disney's Dream Park and the Influence of American Movies

1342: 1294: 426:. By 1916 he was in McAllen, Texas, working as a "monkey driller" who "occasionally tops a 4017: 3280: 3139: 2808: 2310:"Casper daily tribune. [volume] (Casper, Wyo.) 1916-1931, March 07, 1924, Image 6" 2125: 1889: 852: 724: 566: 545: 357: 323:

Universal City Zoo assistant keeper Jose Alvarez was involved in what was described as a "

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involvement in the Joe Martin films in that Carl Laemmle was their brother-in-law and

4147: 2213:"Daily News (Los Angeles) 16 February 1927 — California Digital Newspaper Collection" 1954: 1003: 838: 790: 645: 641: 607: 427: 384: 379: 193: 4044: 377:. De Rosselli, Stecker and Murphy all had on-screen parts in the lion-tamer romance 299: 4053: 3750: 3734: 2077: 805: 303: 261: 189: 111: 94:. The animals were also leased to other studios. The zoo was closed in 1930, after 3863:. Vol. XXXV, no. 48. Defiance, Ohio. Toledo Times. 1923-08-27. p. 5 3488: 749:, appeared in comedies produced by the Stern brothers and distributed by Universal 3924:

Barefoot on Barbed Wire: An Autobiography of a Forty-year Hollywood Balancing Act

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Murphy, Charles Bernard, lion-tamer stage name Carlo Bernardi or Carlos Bernado

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was a child performer who appeared as "Baby Peggy" in dozens of short comedies

3896:. Vol. XVIII, no. 123. New Philadelphia, Ohio. 1923-08-22. p. 5 3795: 3705: 3552: 3417: 3393: 3352: 3304: 3208: 3160: 2592: 2523: 2261:"LA Evening Citizen News 7 May 1947 — California Digital Newspaper Collection" 2236: 1837: 1789: 1765: 1401: 1200: 1169: 923: 875: 798: 757: 680: 496:. He had 25 years of animal training experience, including with his brother's 439: 293: 164: 156: 129: 99: 84: 4129: 4116: 3257:"Los Angeles Herald 4 October 1915 — California Digital Newspaper Collection" 2284: 2164: 1996:"Santa Cruz Sentinel 29 April 1937 — California Digital Newspaper Collection" 1938: 1645: 114:

sent out to the west coast, and one of the first pieces developed within the

3941: 3627: 2355:"Goat Mothers Universal Lion Cub Exhibitors' Times (May-Sep 1913) - Lantern" 1501: 1436: 1209:. Vol. 41, no. 212. Kansas City, Missouri. 1921-04-17. p. 10C 1116: 493: 431: 368: 289: 257: 217: 144: 3685: 1817: 110:

The Universal zoo was one of the earliest parts of the film operation that

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Joe Martin's character reacts to the villain's attempt to kill his owner (

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Lame Brains and Lunatics 2: More Good, Bad and Forgotten of Silent Comedy

2380:"Men, Women and Children Play the Whole Day Long at Happy Universal City" 1930: 1481: 1451:"Universal's Unique City - Moving Picture World (Jul-Sep 1915) - Lantern" 1416: 974:

Who's Who in Centuries: Baby Peggy and Brownie the Wonder Dog, circa 1922

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Little Joe (alligator) was apparently purchased from a bankrupt circus.

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Minnie (elephant) was brought to the zoo as a replacement for Charlie.

3305:"Ethel's Escape, Los Angeles Evening Post-Record 08 Jan 1924, page 1" 463: 438:

column from February 1914 uses the phrase "Pop Saunders, the man who

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complicated the existing systems for using trained animals onscreen.

1201:"Meeting the Animal Actors: Continuing My Adventures in Screen Land" 1418:

City of dreams : the making and remaking of Universal Pictures

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and film history books largely fail to validate Cary's narrative.

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sequitude" as a comparison to something slow and late to catch up.

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Soister, John T.; Nicolella, Henry; Joyce, Steve (29 June 2012).

3353:"Funeral for Lionness, The Los Angeles Times 23 Apr 1918, page 3" 905:

said to be the "Dean of the Universal City dogs." He appeared in

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What looked like cruelty: animal welfare in Hollywood, 1916-1950

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Carl Laemmle married Abe and Julius' sister Recha Stern in 1898.

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Kirby, Dr. William Warner, or Dr. W. W. Kirby, or Captain Kirby

172: 2581:. Q. David Bowers and Kathryn Fuller-Seeley. New York Clipper. 1240:, University of Southern California Digital Library (USC.DL), 887: 476:

found that the cause of death was "poor medical treatment."

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Universal City animal shipment 1913; note logos for IMP (

3988:"Movie Mishaps and Tragedies Never on the Silver Screen" 1229: 1227: 2548:"Illustrated Films Monthly (Mar - Aug 1914) - Lantern" 1790:"Los Angeles Evening Post-Record 10 Jun 1921, page 29" 1483:

Thalberg : the last tycoon and the world of M-G-M

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Princess (Bengal tiger) jumped ship from the schooner

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California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994

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Humanities, National Endowment for the (1924-03-07).

2237:"Los Angeles Evening Post-Record 04 Apr 1927, page 1" 4021:. Vol. 100, no. 170. 1924-06-18. p. 8 3964:. Vol. LXXV, no. 6. 1924-06-24. p. 15 3017:"Services Set Monday for Olga Celeste: OLGA CELESTE" 235:"Training Animal Actors for the Pictures" featuring 2920:. Vol. IV, no. 49. 1922-03-08. p. 16 2689:"The Billboard 1914-06-06: Vol 26 Iss 23 - Lantern" 2665:"The Billboard 1914-04-25: Vol 26 Iss 17 - Lantern" 2473:"The Billboard 1917-10-20: Vol 29 Iss 42 - Lantern" 2449:"The Billboard 1916-12-16: Vol 28 Iss 51 - Lantern" 2422:"The Billboard 1907-03-09: Vol 19 Iss 10 - Lantern" 2398:"The Billboard 1908-07-04: Vol 20 Iss 27 - Lantern" 2386:. 1914-01-17. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com. 2331:"The Billboard 1921-04-16: Vol 33 Iss 16 - Lantern" 2165:"The Oregon Daily Journal 06 Aug 1917, page Page 3" 64: 56: 48: 21: 4043: 3986: 3885: 3852: 3794: 3733: 3141:Marines at Universal City with Charlie, circa 1917 2737:"The Billboard 1915-02-06: Vol 27 Iss 6 - Lantern" 2497:"The Billboard 1914-02-21: Vol 26 Iss 8 - Lantern" 1766:"Los Angeles Evening Express 20 Dec 1921, page 23" 1566: 963:According to historian of silent-era comedy films 3577:"The Moving Picture Weekly (1919-1922) - Lantern" 3067:"Exhibitors Herald (Dec 1926-Mar 1927) - Lantern" 2833:"The Moving Picture Weekly (1916-1917) - Lantern" 1670:"The Moving Picture Weekly (1920-1921) - Lantern" 1543:"The Moving Picture Weekly (1920-1921) - Lantern" 196:, and three goats, all under four weeks of age." 3764: 3762: 3760: 2073:"Taps for the Valiant: Honors for the Dog Stars" 1421:. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky. 1343:"Motion Picture News (Apr - Jul 1914) - Lantern" 542:," Curley Stecker was put in charge of the zoo. 284:, Brownie the bear was sent to Kansas City, and 3379:Rudy: an intimate portrait of Rudolph Valentino 2761:"Moving Picture World (Oct-Dec 1914) - Lantern" 2641:"Moving Picture World (Apr-Jun 1914) - Lantern" 1742:"Motion picture news (July-Aug 1921) - Lantern" 864: 3493:Boston: Little, Brown and Company. p. 73. 2785:"Motion Picture News (Nov-Dec 1916) - Lantern" 2285:"The Washington Post 02 May 1920, page Page 3" 1866:"Motion picture news (Feb-Apr 1921) - Lantern" 1694:"Motion picture news (Feb-Apr 1921) - Lantern" 1646:"The Washington Post 27 Jul 1919, page Page 5" 1622:"Motion Picture News (Apr-Jun 1917) - Lantern" 1598:"Motion Picture News (Sep-Oct 1916) - Lantern" 1367:"Motion Picture News (Jul-Oct 1914) - Lantern" 565:Previously with several American circuses and 4154:Educational organizations established in 1913 3209:"The Pomona Daily Review 04 Oct 1915, page 1" 1195: 1193: 1191: 1189: 466:after being mauled by lion while filming the 296:, save in one or two synchronized sequences." 179:still roamed it." In 1916, someone brought a 8: 4077:. Derek Ware. New York: St. Martin's Press. 3735:"Carl Laemonle and Recha Stern, 28 Aug 1898" 3647:Lafayette College Library Reference Services 3464:"Exhibitors Herald (Mar-Jun 1925) - Lantern" 3418:"The Los Angeles Times 26 Sep 1926, page 61" 3281:"Camera (Apr.17-Apr.9, 1920-1921) - Lantern" 1890:"Camera (Apr.9-Apr.16, 1921-1922) - Lantern" 1718:"Exhibitors Herald (Jan-Mar 1920) - Lantern" 1082:of an elephant worth thousands of dollars. 880: 845:later wrote that Jiggs "brought Maggie up". 492:Barnes was an old circus hand. His wife ran 3643:"Will the Real Joe Martin Please Stand Up?" 3233:"Moving Picture World (Oct 1915) - Lantern" 3161:"The Kansas City Star 01 Sep 1923, page 18" 2809:"Moving Picture World (Apr 1916) - Lantern" 2593:"The Spokesman-Review 03 May 1914, page 32" 1295:"Moving Picture World (Mar 1917) - Lantern" 1028:Report in California newspaper, August 1923 1017:As mentioned by the library research team, 16:Animal collection in California (1913–1930) 3740:Illinois, Cook County Marriages, 1871-1968 3718:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2968:"Universal Weekly (1923 - 1925) - Lantern" 1850:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 773:Ethel escapes Universal Studios fire, 1924 389: 27: 18: 4107:Flickr: Photo album of Universal City Zoo 3553:"The Midland Journal 18 Jun 1920, page 7" 3641:Jahre, Ben; McGinn, Emily (2015-07-16). 3043:"Universal Weekly (1923-1926) - Lantern" 2141:"Universal Weekly (1925-1933) - Lantern" 2129:. Vol. 18, no. 14. 1931-10-05. 2121:"Cinema: The New Pictures: Oct. 5, 1931" 986:, Stecker knocked out Joe Martin with a 123:began with what would today be called a 4164:Zoos disestablished in the 20th century 4030:California Digital Newspaper Collection 3773:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. 1267:Clune, Brian; Davis, Bob (2019-08-19). 1158: 1138: 1127:Elephant execution in the United States 797:, and included Charlie the elephant as 3711: 3679: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3667: 3649:. Easton, Pennsylvania. Archived from 3600: 3598: 3596: 3394:"Evening Vanguard 18 Apr 1921, page 6" 2518: 2516: 2443: 2441: 1843: 143:, Carl Laemmle's first operation) and 3805:. Vol. 66. 1921-06-03. p. 9 3441: 3439: 3437: 2570: 2568: 2115: 2113: 2066: 2064: 1811: 1809: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1319:"Motography (Jan-Jun 1913) - Lantern" 1164: 1162: 760:with a Universal City Zoo lioness in 489:Stonehouse, Jeremiah Montross Barnes 239:, his daughter (with lion cubs), and 7: 4189:1930 disestablishments in California 1262: 1260: 1170:"Calgary Herald 17 Jul 1926, page 7" 285: 3920:"20. Famed Movie Elephant Must Die" 3887:"Death Sentence for Movie Elephant" 3329:"Universal Weekly (1922) - Lantern" 2889:(in Hebrew and English). 1933-07-14 2092:Cartwright, Dorothea (April 1930). 1097:complicated by wild animal injury. 79:was a private animal collection in 4179:History of the San Fernando Valley 2057:– via lantern.mediahist.org. 1234:White, Courtney Elisabeth (2015), 14: 4184:1913 establishments in California 3505:"Picture-Play Magazine - Lantern" 3487:Benchley, Belle Jennings (1942). 3185:"Picture-Play Magazine - Lantern" 3015:Sutherland, Henry (1969-09-04). 2617:"Variety (April 1914) - Lantern" 2578:The New York Clipper (June 1914) 2189:"Variety (March 1927) - Lantern" 1521:. Wayne State University Press. 980:Whatever Happened to Baby Peggy? 961:Whatever Happened to Baby Peggy? 808:’s trainer" and taken to Oregon. 186:nadir of American race relations 33:"Animal cages at Universal City" 3115:"Variety (June 1942) - Lantern" 851:Joe Martin and an unidentified 447:January 1914? – April 14, 1914 430:." He may have ended up at the 418:Previously associated with the 288:the orangutan went to a zoo in 3382:. London: Hutchinson & Co. 745:The Century Lions, trained by 1: 4159:Zoos established in the 1910s 3973:Media Digital History Library 3138:Archives, USMC (1917-01-01), 2881:"⁨Sigmund Moos Dies Suddenly" 2071:Woodbridge, A.L. (May 1930). 2047:The film daily cavalcade 1939 1968:Neuman, Robert (2022-10-31). 1515:Bryan, Ford R. (2015-07-01). 866:In an animal comedy, called " 3893:New Philadelphia Daily Times 1246:10.25549/usctheses-c3-526365 855:at Universal City Zoo (1919) 3529:"Film Fun (1919) - Lantern" 3446:Massa, Steve (2022-11-18). 2026:. November 1930. p. 36 1913:White, Courtney E. (2016). 407:July 1913? – January 1914? 141:Independent Moving Pictures 4220: 4194:Universal City, California 4045:"Algernon M Stecker, 1924" 2898:National Library of Israel 2094:"Hollywood's Beast People" 2081:. pp. 58–60, 104–105. 1974:. McFarland. p. 124. 1112:Universal City, California 922:named for English hangman 664: 619: 594: 579: 552: 526: 503: 479: 445: 405: 391: 351: 83:that provided animals for 69:Universal City, California 3956:"Year Old Injuries Fatal" 3833:. 1925-10-04. p. 2. 3376:Rambova, Natacha (1926). 2996:paperspast.natlib.govt.nz 2575:New York Clipper (1914). 1415:Dick, Bernard F. (1997). 1270:Haunted Universal Studios 654:when a wagon overturned. 644:was a leopard trainer at 562:Stecker, Algernon Maltby 274:Thousand Oaks, California 181:black diamond rattlesnake 44: 26: 3490:My friends, the apes ... 1480:Flamini, Roland (1994). 458:"He was a member of the 3684:Reeder, Thomas (2021). 1816:Reeder, Thomas (2021). 1396:. R.M. McBride and Co. 1064:Barnes City, California 787:Universal City Hospital 596:February 1922 – ? 581:November 1921 – ? 203:Universal City and the 159:or the chairman of the 4074:Stunting in the cinema 3860:Defiance Crescent News 2912:"Pickups by the Staff" 2886:B'nai B'rith Messenger 1518:Clara: Mrs. Henry Ford 1393:Animals are like that! 1273:. Arcadia Publishing. 1051: 1029: 975: 893: 881: 856: 819:Joe Martin (orangutan) 774: 766: 750: 688: 667:Joe Martin (orangutan) 638:St. Louis World's Fair 575:for extended biography 548:for extended biography 522:for extended biography 311: 244: 208: 148: 4071:Wise, Arthur (1973). 3918:Starr, James (2001). 3802:Lansing State Journal 3581:lantern.mediahist.org 3533:lantern.mediahist.org 3509:lantern.mediahist.org 3468:lantern.mediahist.org 3333:lantern.mediahist.org 3285:lantern.mediahist.org 3237:lantern.mediahist.org 3189:lantern.mediahist.org 3119:lantern.mediahist.org 3071:lantern.mediahist.org 3047:lantern.mediahist.org 2972:lantern.mediahist.org 2947:lantern.mediahist.org 2943:"Motion Picture News" 2837:lantern.mediahist.org 2813:lantern.mediahist.org 2789:lantern.mediahist.org 2765:lantern.mediahist.org 2741:lantern.mediahist.org 2717:lantern.mediahist.org 2693:lantern.mediahist.org 2669:lantern.mediahist.org 2645:lantern.mediahist.org 2621:lantern.mediahist.org 2552:lantern.mediahist.org 2501:lantern.mediahist.org 2477:lantern.mediahist.org 2453:lantern.mediahist.org 2426:lantern.mediahist.org 2402:lantern.mediahist.org 2359:lantern.mediahist.org 2335:lantern.mediahist.org 2193:lantern.mediahist.org 2145:lantern.mediahist.org 2024:lantern.mediahist.org 1894:lantern.mediahist.org 1870:lantern.mediahist.org 1746:lantern.mediahist.org 1722:lantern.mediahist.org 1698:lantern.mediahist.org 1674:lantern.mediahist.org 1626:lantern.mediahist.org 1602:lantern.mediahist.org 1547:lantern.mediahist.org 1455:lantern.mediahist.org 1371:lantern.mediahist.org 1347:lantern.mediahist.org 1323:lantern.mediahist.org 1299:lantern.mediahist.org 1107:Universal Studios Lot 1043: 1027: 973: 850: 772: 756: 744: 678: 640:in 1904. His ex-wife 621:November 1923 – 1930 335:Animal-care practices 302: 234: 202: 161:Canadian Censor Board 138: 4130:34.1410°N 118.3484°W 4013:"Movie Trainer Dies" 3999:NewspaperArchive.com 3905:NewspaperArchive.com 3872:NewspaperArchive.com 3690:. Orlando, Florida. 1931:10.1353/cj.2016.0041 1822:. Orlando, Florida. 1573:The Elyria Chronicle 1390:Buck, Frank (1939). 1206:The Kansas City Star 1095:myelogenous leukemia 1054:However, Universal, 763:Seven Years Bad Luck 498:Al. G. Barnes Circus 393:Years active at zoo 266:Charlie the Elephant 4126: / 3994:San Antonio Express 2312:. pp. PAGE SIX 81:southern California 37:Scientific American 4199:Universal City Zoo 4174:Zoos in California 4135:34.1410; -118.3484 3796:"Playhouse Gossip" 3452:. BearManor Media. 2384:The Ogden Standard 1091:Hollywood Hospital 1052: 1030: 976: 928:summer 1919 escape 907:Erich Von Stroheim 857: 775: 767: 751: 698:Charlie (elephant) 689: 671:Charlie (elephant) 632:Murphy had been a 420:Sells Floto Circus 331:another 20 years. 319:Shooting incidents 312: 270:Goebel's Lion Farm 245: 209: 207:, undated postcard 188:era: "There is no 149: 100:synchronized sound 88:Universal Pictures 77:Universal City Zoo 22:Universal City Zoo 3830:Los Angeles Times 3697:978-1-62933-798-2 3606:Cary, Diana Serra 3021:Los Angeles Times 1981:978-1-4766-4880-4 1829:978-1-62933-798-2 1528:978-0-8143-3770-7 1280:978-1-4396-6526-8 1122:Griffith Park Zoo 1080:summary execution 1034:A Monkey Bellhop. 918:Jack Ketch was a 658: 657: 625:Charles B. Murphy 613:Stanley in Africa 308:Exhibitors Herald 250:Los Angeles River 205:Los Angeles River 121:Providencia Ranch 98:'s transition to 74: 73: 4211: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4096: 4058: 4057: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3990: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3889: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3856: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3798: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3766: 3755: 3754: 3748: 3747: 3737: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3717: 3709: 3681: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3658: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3602: 3591: 3590: 3588: 3587: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3539: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3515: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3414: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3404: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3339: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3243: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3220: 3219: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3157: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3125: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3101: 3091:"Charles Murphy" 3087: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3077: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3023:. p. 2-c1. 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2978: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2954: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2929:Internet Archive 2926: 2925: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2894: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2853: 2847: 2846: 2844: 2843: 2829: 2823: 2822: 2820: 2819: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2796: 2795: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2771: 2757: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2700: 2699: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2675: 2661: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2651: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2589: 2583: 2582: 2572: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2559: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2534: 2520: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2483: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2459: 2445: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2409: 2408: 2394: 2388: 2387: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2341: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2317: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2271: 2257: 2251: 2250: 2248: 2247: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2223: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2117: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2068: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2055: 2041: 2035: 2034: 2032: 2031: 2016: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2006: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1910: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1900: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1876: 1862: 1856: 1855: 1849: 1841: 1813: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1800: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1777: 1776: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1753: 1752: 1738: 1732: 1731: 1729: 1728: 1714: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1690: 1684: 1683: 1681: 1680: 1666: 1660: 1659: 1657: 1656: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1608: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1581: 1580: 1570: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1539: 1533: 1532: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1477: 1466: 1465: 1463: 1462: 1447: 1441: 1440: 1412: 1406: 1405: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1291: 1285: 1284: 1264: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1231: 1222: 1221: 1215: 1214: 1197: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1166: 1146: 1143: 1037:Cary's version. 1012:Carl Laemmle Jr. 949:Diana Serra Cary 884: 434:. An aside in a 399:Alternate names 390: 383:(1921) starring 31: 19: 4219: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4144: 4143: 4134: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4112: 4103: 4085: 4070: 4067: 4065:Further reading 4062: 4061: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4024: 4022: 4018:Oakland Tribune 4011: 4010: 4006: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3967: 3965: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3934: 3917: 3916: 3912: 3899: 3897: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3866: 3864: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3808: 3806: 3793: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3768: 3767: 3758: 3745: 3743: 3732: 3731: 3727: 3710: 3698: 3683: 3682: 3665: 3656: 3654: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3620: 3604: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3583: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3561: 3559: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3537: 3535: 3527: 3526: 3522: 3513: 3511: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3486: 3485: 3481: 3472: 3470: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3445: 3444: 3435: 3426: 3424: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3402: 3400: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3359: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3337: 3335: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3313: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3298: 3289: 3287: 3279: 3278: 3274: 3265: 3263: 3255: 3254: 3250: 3241: 3239: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3217: 3215: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3193: 3191: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3144: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3123: 3121: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3099: 3097: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3075: 3073: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3049: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3014: 3013: 3009: 3000: 2998: 2992:"Entertainment" 2990: 2989: 2985: 2976: 2974: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2952: 2950: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2923: 2921: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2892: 2890: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2855: 2854: 2850: 2841: 2839: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2817: 2815: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2793: 2791: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2769: 2767: 2759: 2758: 2754: 2745: 2743: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2721: 2719: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2697: 2695: 2687: 2686: 2682: 2673: 2671: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2649: 2647: 2639: 2638: 2634: 2625: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2601: 2599: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2557: 2555: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2532: 2530: 2522: 2521: 2514: 2505: 2503: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2479: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2457: 2455: 2447: 2446: 2439: 2430: 2428: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2406: 2404: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2352: 2348: 2339: 2337: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2315: 2313: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2293: 2291: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2269: 2267: 2259: 2258: 2254: 2245: 2243: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2221: 2219: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2197: 2195: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2173: 2171: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2149: 2147: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2119: 2118: 2111: 2102: 2100: 2091: 2090: 2086: 2070: 2069: 2062: 2053: 2051: 2043: 2042: 2038: 2029: 2027: 2020:"Silver Screen" 2018: 2017: 2013: 2004: 2002: 1994: 1993: 1989: 1982: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1912: 1911: 1907: 1898: 1896: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1874: 1872: 1864: 1863: 1859: 1842: 1830: 1815: 1814: 1807: 1798: 1796: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1774: 1772: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1750: 1748: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1726: 1724: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1702: 1700: 1692: 1691: 1687: 1678: 1676: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1654: 1652: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1628: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1606: 1604: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1578: 1576: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1551: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1529: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1494: 1479: 1478: 1469: 1460: 1458: 1449: 1448: 1444: 1429: 1414: 1413: 1409: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1375: 1373: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1351: 1349: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1327: 1325: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1303: 1301: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1266: 1265: 1258: 1250: 1248: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1212: 1210: 1199: 1198: 1187: 1178: 1176: 1168: 1167: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1103: 1019:primary sources 955:by Century and 946: 938: 898: 853:capuchin monkey 815: 780:Gay's Lion Farm 725:Jacques Jaccard 711: 694: 673: 665:Main articles: 663: 661:Notable animals 567:Selig Polyscope 546:Rex De Rosselli 540:George Cochrane 532:Rex De Rosselli 485:Jerry M. Barnes 481:May 1914–1915? 464:blood poisoning 415:Sanders, Henry 364: 358:Rex De Rosselli 352:Main articles: 350: 337: 321: 108: 40: 34: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4217: 4215: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4146: 4145: 4110: 4109: 4102: 4101:External links 4099: 4098: 4097: 4083: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4059: 4035: 4004: 3978: 3947: 3932: 3910: 3877: 3844: 3819: 3814:Newspapers.com 3786: 3780:978-0786435814 3779: 3756: 3725: 3696: 3663: 3633: 3618: 3592: 3568: 3557:Newspapers.com 3544: 3520: 3496: 3479: 3455: 3433: 3422:Newspapers.com 3409: 3398:Newspapers.com 3385: 3368: 3357:Newspapers.com 3344: 3320: 3309:Newspapers.com 3296: 3272: 3248: 3224: 3213:Newspapers.com 3200: 3176: 3165:Newspapers.com 3152: 3130: 3106: 3082: 3058: 3034: 3007: 2983: 2959: 2934: 2903: 2872: 2848: 2824: 2800: 2776: 2752: 2728: 2704: 2680: 2656: 2632: 2608: 2597:Newspapers.com 2584: 2564: 2539: 2528:Newspapers.com 2512: 2488: 2464: 2437: 2413: 2389: 2371: 2346: 2322: 2300: 2289:Newspapers.com 2276: 2252: 2241:Newspapers.com 2228: 2204: 2180: 2169:Newspapers.com 2156: 2132: 2109: 2098:Talking Screen 2084: 2060: 2036: 2011: 1987: 1980: 1960: 1925:(4): 108–129. 1919:Cinema Journal 1905: 1881: 1857: 1828: 1805: 1794:Newspapers.com 1781: 1770:Newspapers.com 1757: 1733: 1709: 1685: 1661: 1650:Newspapers.com 1637: 1613: 1589: 1584:Newspapers.com 1558: 1534: 1527: 1507: 1492: 1467: 1442: 1427: 1407: 1382: 1358: 1334: 1310: 1286: 1279: 1256: 1223: 1218:Newspapers.com 1185: 1174:Newspapers.com 1157: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1137: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1102: 1099: 1047:Merry-Go-Round 1014:their nephew. 945: 942: 937: 934: 933: 932: 916: 912:Blind Husbands 897: 894: 863: 862: 858: 843:Belle Benchley 835:Pee Wee Holmes 822: 814: 811: 810: 809: 802: 783: 739: 738: 710: 707: 706: 705: 702: 693: 690: 687:recruits, 1917 662: 659: 656: 655: 630: 627: 622: 618: 617: 604: 602: 597: 593: 592: 589: 587: 582: 578: 577: 573:Curley Stecker 563: 560: 558:Curley Stecker 555: 551: 550: 536: 534: 529: 525: 524: 514: 511: 509:Paul Bourgeois 506: 505:1915? 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Celeste 639: 635: 631: 628: 626: 623: 620: 615: 614: 609: 608:Luna Park Zoo 605: 603: 601: 598: 595: 590: 588: 586: 583: 580: 576: 574: 568: 564: 561: 559: 556: 553: 549: 547: 541: 537: 535: 533: 530: 528:1915 – 1917? 527: 523: 521: 515: 513:Sablon, Paul 512: 510: 507: 504: 499: 495: 494:dancing bears 491: 488: 486: 483: 480: 475: 471: 470: 465: 461: 457: 454: 452: 449: 446: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 414: 412: 409: 406: 401: 398: 395: 392: 388: 386: 385:Gladys Walton 382: 381: 380:The Man Tamer 376: 375: 374:Golden Dreams 370: 363: 359: 355: 348:Head trainers 347: 345: 342: 334: 332: 328: 326: 318: 316: 309: 306:and leopard ( 305: 301: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 277: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 242: 238: 233: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 212:world-famous 206: 201: 197: 195: 194:cinnamon bear 191: 187: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 146: 142: 137: 133: 131: 126: 122: 117: 113: 105: 103: 101: 97: 93: 89: 86: 82: 78: 70: 67: 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 38: 30: 25: 20: 4111: 4073: 4054:FamilySearch 4049: 4038: 4028:– via 4023:. 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