293:
113:
Universal Basic
Services are provided on the basis that they are necessary to sustain and enable each citizen's material safety, opportunity to contribute, or participate in the decision-making processes of their community, region or country, even if they lack any financial income. The UBS model
1001:
696:
UBS may be an inefficient method to cover the personal and necessarily individual living costs associated with needs such as toiletries, requiring any UBS to be supplemented by some form of
568:
UBS are designed and delivered by governments and institutions which tailor the exact content of the services to meet the particular circumstances of the local community.
350:
Public housing are built to provide affordable or subsidized housing for lower income earners. This is inline with rationale behind the UBS, to sustain social inclusion.
849:
530:. The courts, assemblies, political salaries, civil services and other aspects of the structure of the society are included in the definition of Legal UBS.
890:
383:
128:
necessary to enable the individual's personal effort to use their skills and abilities to contribute to their society, either for remuneration or not
522:
The Legal category UBS is a broad definition to include safety services, legal assistance and the apparatus necessary to sustain the society's
1088:
700:
or credit system that can be used by citizens to satisfy personally specific living costs. This component could be delivered as a form of
1116:
373:
42:
704:, as modelled in the UCL report, albeit at the low end of the scale within which basic income distributions are commonly proposed.
1133:
623:
The cost of extending public services as universal entitlements is justified through some combination of the following savings:
37:
in which all citizens or residents of a community, region, or country receive unconditional access to a range of free, basic,
1143:
1062:
823:
462:
411:
974:
592:
534:
501:
947:
604:
98:
1153:
1148:
1138:
511:
354:
estimate that approximately 40% of the total world population will lack access to affordable housing by 2030.
898:
864:
1163:
659:
reduced upward pressure on labour rates through the substitution of direct financial cost ("social wage")
496:
135:
The following table represents rationales used for the inclusion of certain services in a UBS definition:
20:
1158:
477:
421:
662:
The 2017 UCL report shows potential cost replacement of 80% of average pay for the lowest income decile
922:"Freedom, Equality and a Future Political Economy: the structural change we need - Unger at RSA 2013"
865:"John McDonnell response to the Institute for Global Prosperity's report on Universal Basic Services"
105:
welcomed the report and announced in 2018 that UBS would be incorporated into the party's platform.
1107:
789:
576:
In the standardised definition of UBS the cost of the services is funded by revenues derived from
131:
necessary to allow the individual to participate in the political system(s) within which they live
612:
588:
457:
843:
714:
277:
115:
102:
121:
To substantiate inclusion in a UBS provision services meet at least one of these conditions:
759:
683:
527:
344:
329:
273:
71:
Further services, where there are low or zero marginal costs for adding further users are:
656:
increased flexibility through enhanced access to job opportunities (e.g. transport access)
416:
34:
697:
673:
UBS can lead to lower emissions, particularly through greater use of public transport.
631:
608:
506:
489:
447:
339:
38:
292:
1127:
689:
UBS startup requires some increase in real costs that need to be financed before the
649:
581:
378:
368:
334:
94:
701:
544:
523:
452:
404:
388:
97:
model. The term appeared in 2017 in press and the first modelling in a report from
611:. The report modelled funding the UBS services (£42.16Bn) from a reduction in the
431:
Coote and Percy argue for the expansion of the Care service definition to include
1031:
636:
enhanced efficiency of delivery resulting from local design and demand management
686:– with financial autonomy – is necessary for the practical implementation of UBS
587:
Most UBS services in societies around the world today are funded out of general
261:
1032:"Social Control or Social Wage: On the Political Economy of the Welfare State"
921:
577:
432:
400:
351:
264:
available to the society and their political definitions of what constitutes
549:
363:
824:"Social prosperity for the future: A proposal for Universal Basic Services"
539:
639:
long term savings in labour costs as UBS substitute for increases in pay
627:
increased productivity through greater support for deeper specialisation
118:
to include those elements necessary to fulfil a larger role in society.
764:
747:
125:
necessary to maintain the individual's or the society's material safety
951:
554:
399:
Services that support health, and services which provide for care of
1109:
Universal Basic
Services: Theory and Practice - A literature review
1089:"Getting Beyond the Economy: A Journey with Extinction Rebellion"
473:
Local transport to access other services, shops and employment.
272:. Many societies already provide some elements of UBS, such as
260:
The specific content of any set of UBS varies according to the
1106:
Coote, Anna; Kasliwal, Pritika; Percy, Andrew (May 16, 2019).
287:
790:"Universal basic services are more important than income"
603:
In
October 2017 the Institute for Global Prosperity at
304:
41:, funded by taxpayers and provided by a government or
607:
produced a report modelling the cost of UBS for the
733:
93:Universal Basic Services is a development of the
822:Moore, Portes, Reed, Percy (23 December 2016).
817:
815:
813:
811:
648:The two most common effects on operagraphics (
1036:The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
8:
1025:
1023:
848:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
269:
693:that could reduce those costs are activated
690:
763:
492:as well as access to the other services.
384:Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
137:
101:'s Institute for Global Prosperity. The
975:"The Case for Universal Basic Services"
748:"The Case for Universal Basic Services"
726:
45:. The basic services commonly include:
841:
682:Responsive, effective and accountable
1063:"The socioeconomic stakes of transit"
429:The Case for Universal Basic Services
7:
1117:UCL Institute for Global Prosperity
1002:"Beyond Nudge to Demand Management"
374:Human right to water and sanitation
14:
1061:Fisher, Impink (28 March 2017).
734:Coote, Kasliwal & Percy 2019
291:
284:Service definitions and examples
605:University College London (UCL)
490:enable participation in society
99:University College London (UCL)
488:Access to communications that
1:
891:"The new economics of Labour"
788:Coyle, Diane (4 April 2017).
463:Universal access to education
1030:Adams, Paul (January 1978).
973:Coote, Anna; Percy, Andrew.
584:to the delivery of the UBS.
67:legal aid and representation
1069:. The Brookings Institution
619:Cost justifications for UBS
412:Publicly funded health care
1180:
778:Moore, Portes et al (2016)
593:publicly funded healthcare
535:Emergency medical services
502:Municipal wireless network
78:basic water and sanitation
33:) is an idea of a form of
18:
1067:The Brookings Institution
677:Criticisms and conditions
564:Local service definitions
139:UBS inclusion rationales
752:LSE Public Policy Review
559:Social services agencies
512:Right to Internet access
443:Schooling and training.
170:Electricity and heating
114:extends the notion of a
27:Universal basic services
19:Not to be confused with
1134:Employment compensation
270:UBS Inclusion Rationale
109:UBS inclusion rationale
75:electricity and heating
669:Environmental benefits
613:Personal Tax Allowance
497:Freedom of information
84:public broadcast media
21:Universal basic income
16:Social security system
1144:Public administration
691:labour market effects
644:Labour market effects
478:Free public transport
422:Universal health care
954:on 20 September 2020
901:on 23 September 2020
103:British Labour Party
746:Gough, Ian (2020).
589:government revenues
140:
765:10.31389/lseppr.12
458:Right to education
303:. You can help by
138:
43:public institution
889:McDonnell, John.
863:McDonnell, John.
796:. Financial Times
715:UK enterprise law
321:
320:
278:public healthcare
258:
257:
116:social safety net
1171:
1120:
1114:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1000:Randle, Kippin.
997:
991:
990:
988:
986:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
950:. Archived from
944:
938:
937:
935:
933:
920:Unger, Roberto.
917:
911:
910:
908:
906:
897:. Archived from
886:
880:
879:
877:
875:
860:
854:
853:
847:
839:
837:
835:
819:
806:
805:
803:
801:
785:
779:
776:
770:
769:
767:
743:
737:
731:
684:local government
630:substitution of
528:political system
453:Public education
345:Right to housing
330:Homeless shelter
316:
313:
295:
288:
274:public education
268:provision - see
194:Health and care
147:Material safety
141:
61:buses and trains
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1154:Social security
1149:Public services
1139:Labor relations
1124:
1123:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1011:
1009:
999:
998:
994:
984:
982:
972:
971:
967:
957:
955:
948:"The challenge"
946:
945:
941:
931:
929:
919:
918:
914:
904:
902:
888:
887:
883:
873:
871:
862:
861:
857:
840:
833:
831:
821:
820:
809:
799:
797:
794:Financial Times
787:
786:
782:
777:
773:
745:
744:
740:
732:
728:
723:
711:
679:
671:
646:
621:
601:
574:
566:
520:
486:
471:
441:
417:Right to health
397:
395:Health and care
360:
326:
317:
311:
308:
301:needs expansion
286:
182:Food and water
111:
91:
39:public services
35:social security
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1080:
1053:
1019:
992:
965:
939:
912:
895:Open Democracy
881:
855:
807:
780:
771:
738:
725:
724:
722:
719:
718:
717:
710:
707:
706:
705:
698:cash transfers
694:
687:
678:
675:
670:
667:
666:
665:
664:
663:
657:
650:labour markets
645:
642:
641:
640:
637:
634:
628:
620:
617:
609:United Kingdom
600:
597:
573:
570:
565:
562:
561:
560:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
519:
516:
515:
514:
509:
507:Public library
504:
499:
485:
482:
481:
480:
470:
467:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
448:Free education
440:
437:
425:
424:
419:
414:
396:
393:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
359:
356:
348:
347:
342:
340:Public housing
337:
332:
325:
322:
319:
318:
298:
296:
285:
282:
256:
255:
252:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
235:
233:
229:
228:
225:
222:
220:
216:
215:
212:
209:
207:
203:
202:
200:
198:
195:
191:
190:
188:
186:
183:
179:
178:
176:
174:
171:
167:
166:
164:
162:
159:
155:
154:
153:Participation
151:
148:
145:
133:
132:
129:
126:
110:
107:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
81:retail banking
79:
76:
69:
68:
65:
64:basic internet
62:
59:
58:essential food
56:
55:social housing
53:
50:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1176:
1165:
1164:Welfare state
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1007:
1003:
996:
993:
980:
976:
969:
966:
953:
949:
943:
940:
927:
923:
916:
913:
900:
896:
892:
885:
882:
870:
866:
859:
856:
851:
845:
829:
825:
818:
816:
814:
812:
808:
795:
791:
784:
781:
775:
772:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
742:
739:
735:
730:
727:
720:
716:
713:
712:
708:
703:
699:
695:
692:
688:
685:
681:
680:
676:
674:
668:
661:
660:
658:
655:
654:
653:
651:
643:
638:
635:
633:
632:cash benefits
629:
626:
625:
624:
618:
616:
614:
610:
606:
599:Model costing
598:
596:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
571:
569:
563:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
529:
525:
517:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
491:
483:
479:
476:
475:
474:
468:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
445:
444:
438:
436:
434:
430:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
408:
406:
402:
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
379:Right to food
377:
375:
372:
370:
369:Food security
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
355:
353:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:Housing First
333:
331:
328:
327:
323:
315:
306:
302:
299:This section
297:
294:
290:
289:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
201:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
187:
184:
181:
180:
177:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
163:
160:
157:
156:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
136:
130:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
117:
108:
106:
104:
100:
96:
95:welfare state
88:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
72:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
51:
48:
47:
46:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
1159:Universalism
1108:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1066:
1056:
1044:. Retrieved
1039:
1035:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
995:
983:. Retrieved
978:
968:
958:19 September
956:. Retrieved
952:the original
942:
930:. Retrieved
925:
915:
903:. Retrieved
899:the original
894:
884:
872:. Retrieved
869:Labour Party
868:
858:
832:. Retrieved
827:
798:. Retrieved
793:
783:
774:
755:
751:
741:
736:, p. 4.
729:
702:basic income
672:
647:
622:
602:
586:
582:hypothecated
580:, which are
578:income taxes
575:
567:
545:Firefighting
524:legal system
521:
487:
472:
442:
428:
426:
407:and others.
398:
389:Soup kitchen
349:
312:January 2019
309:
305:adding to it
300:
265:
259:
232:Information
150:Opportunity
134:
120:
112:
92:
70:
30:
26:
25:
985:19 December
905:2 September
874:2 September
484:Information
52:health care
1128:Categories
834:4 December
721:References
591:, such as
358:Sustenance
352:UN-Habitat
280:services.
219:Transport
206:Education
1008:. RSA LGA
830:. IGP UCL
550:Legal aid
469:Transport
439:Education
433:childcare
364:Food bank
262:resources
49:education
1073:20 April
1046:20 April
1012:20 April
932:19 April
844:cite web
800:20 April
709:See also
540:Policing
401:disabled
158:Housing
1100:Sources
981:. Wiley
652:) are:
572:Funding
405:elderly
324:Shelter
89:History
555:Courts
245:Legal
1113:(PDF)
979:Wiley
928:. RSA
758:(2).
518:Legal
266:basic
1075:2017
1048:2017
1014:2017
987:2020
960:2020
934:2017
907:2018
876:2018
850:link
836:2017
802:2017
526:and
276:and
144:UBS
1042:(1)
1006:RSA
926:RSA
828:IGP
760:doi
427:In
307:.
31:UBS
1130::
1115:.
1065:.
1038:.
1034:.
1022:^
1004:.
977:.
924:.
893:.
867:.
846:}}
842:{{
826:.
810:^
792:.
754:.
750:.
615:.
595:.
435:.
403:,
254:♦
251:♦
248:♦
240:♦
237:♦
227:♦
224:♦
214:♦
211:♦
197:♦
185:♦
173:♦
161:♦
1119:.
1091:.
1077:.
1050:.
1040:5
1016:.
989:.
962:.
936:.
909:.
878:.
852:)
838:.
804:.
768:.
762::
756:1
314:)
310:(
29:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
