Knowledge (XXG)

University of Waterloo School of Accounting and Finance

Source 📝

482:, so students who successfully complete the program, including all CPA requirements, are exempt from all 6 modules of the CPA Professional Education Program and may proceed directly to the Common Final Examination (CFE). Aside from gaining depth in the CPA elective subjects including Taxation, Assurance, Performance Management and Finance, MAcc students can explore other career options such as business valuations, forensic accounting, data analytics, internal audit and international tax. Approximately 65% of undergrads pursue the MAcc degree in 2016. 329:. The first two years at AFM is focused on laying the foundations in accounting and finance, with a focus in people skills, learning, and academic success. The initiative includes experiential learning opportunities such as events, workshops, interactive webcasts, and team-based problem-solving situations connected to courses and extra-curricular situations. Students must then select a specialization from the list below in their 3rd and 4th year: 622:
SAF captured the National Gold Medal (highest CFE score in Canada) consecutively. SAF has obtained 6 national gold medals (best performance in Canada) from the period between 2010 and 2020. The CFE honour roll and successful CFE writers are mostly the Master of Accounting students. From 2018 to 2020, SAF students accounted for 23.5%, 18.5% and 18.9% of the Honour Roll recipients respectively - the best performance in Canada.
405:. The first two years of the SFM program is focused on giving students a foundational understanding of accounting, finance, and sustainability. This includes experiential learning opportunities such as events, workshops, competitions, and team-based problem-solving situations connected to courses and extra-curriculars. Students must then select a specialization from the list below in their 3rd and 4th year: 942:. The CFA Institute Research Challenge comprises over 140 CFA member societies, 3,500 member volunteers, and more than 5,000 students from over 1,000 universities. The CFA Institute Research Challenge requires student teams (1 team per university) to research and analyze a publicly-traded company and then write a research report on their assigned company with a buy, sell, or hold recommendation. 600:, over 95% of students secure full-time employment before graduation. The co-op employment rate has been consistently between 95% and 100% with the students working mainly in global, regional, and local accounting firms, chartered banks, asset managers and other financial services firms/intermeriaties, government, and non-financial corporations in accounting/finance related roles. 621:
The National Honour Roll of the Common Final Exam recognizes candidates whose performance in the exam demonstrated academic excellence and exceptional abilities. The candidates listed on the Honour Roll are determined as the top 1% of the first-time writers who wrote all three days. In 2018 and 2019,
515:
program is open to all students from different backgrounds to apply. MTax is offered under a full-time basis (1 year + 1 co-op term) or a part-time basis (2 years). Graduates attain broad-based competencies in tax subject areas that include policy, research, statutory interpretation, estate planning,
202:
within the Faculty of Arts. The School was established in 1980 under the name 'School of Accountancy'. Its name was changed in 2008 to better reflect its program offering. Today, more than 1,600 students are enrolled in the School's programs. In September 2009, a new 52,000 square feet (5,000 m)
962:
is the government body for the SAF undergrad students, divided into many sub-committees. AFSA is run and governed by a fully-elected Executive Team and a partially-elected Board of Directors. SAF also holds a student-run orientation week for first year undergrad students after the regular Waterloo
462:
in the Faculty of Mathematics. Students take computer science courses along with accounting and finance courses. Stronger emphasis is placed upon computer science and finance, less on accounting. The students receive a unique degree in Canada, "Bachelor of Computing and Financial Management" after
431:
Math/CPA students have less flexibility in their degree as students take math courses along with the accounting and finance courses BAFM students take, leaving very few elective spaces. The work-term sequence is structured similar to the BAFM schedule, with 4 co-op terms. The Math/CA program was
442:
This program is offered jointly with the Faculty of Science. Students in the Biotech/CPA program take science courses along with the accounting and finance courses. Biotech/CPA students have little flexibility in their degree, and in some terms, are required to take extra courses. Biotech/CPA
298:(CBV) designations. All BAFM graduates are eligible to apply to the School's Master of Accounting (MAcc) program. Students in BAFM must complete four co-op work terms, in total of 16 months of experiences, which could be eligible for CPA accreditation purposes (30 months required). 463:
graduation. Students in this program typically complete six co-op work terms, with the first commencing between semester two and three. CFM students/graduates are not eligible to apply to the School's MAcc program and are unable to take advantage of the CPA accreditation.
386:(CBV). All BSFM graduates are eligible to apply to the School's Master of Accounting (MAcc) program. All BSFM students must complete four co-op work terms, for a total of 16 months of experience, which could be eligible for CPA accreditation purposes (30 months required). 373:
SFM students are able to become finance or accounting experts with purpose by learning to integrate people, profits, and the planet into the bottom line. Graduates of the program typically aspire to get one or more of the following professional designations,
949:
In 2024, the School captured its second global champion title after eight years. The team competed against 1,100 schools and 6,700 students in six rounds of competition. The School remained the only Canadian school to ever capture the global champion title.
945:
In 2021, School of Accounting & Finance was once again awarded the Americas Regional Champion at the 2021 CFA Institute Research Challenge, where 5,000 students across 950 universities and 82 countries participated virtually.
2842: 2751: 2746: 256:
The School of Accounting and Finance offers four undergraduate programs, two graduate programs and one doctoral program. Additionally, the School jointly administers one undergraduate program and one graduate program with the
2741: 2736: 1707: 1548: 447:
for accreditation purposes, similar to BAFM and Math/CPA, with 4 required co-op terms. Biotech/CPA students are eligible to apply to the School's MAcc program. The Biotech/CA program was renamed to Biotech/CPA in
443:
students composed of the smallest population in the School, with only around 10-15 students admitted per academic year. Students in the program may obtain co-op employment deemed by professional bodies to be
2776: 548:
The University of Waterloo's School of Accounting and Finance can provide doctoral training in research that is based on economic theory, empirical economics, behavioural science, and other methodologies.
561:, School of Accounting and Finance ranks 101-150 globally in 2022 for the subject category of Accounting & Finance. SAF also ranks high in the 2020 Global Accounting Research Survey conducted by 2761: 225:
and accumulate the required professional experiences in order to become a CPA. MAcc and industry experiences gained from co-op are well known among Canadian accounting and finance industries.
1392: 236:, and accept its first cohort of students starting Fall 2022. The program was created to prepare a new generation of accounting and finance professionals to lead businesses through an era of 272:'s University Affiliated Programs, which recognize academic institutions that embed a significant portion of the CFA Program Candidate Body of Knowledge (CBOK) into their curriculum. 1444: 2863: 2655: 139: 221:(CPA) modules within eight months, and is only open to students who complete the School's undergrad programs. MAcc graduates only need to challenge (and pass) the 245: 2837: 2832: 2726: 2700: 2695: 2690: 535: 258: 229: 2731: 459: 958:
Aside from the clubs/societies available within the University of Waterloo, there are various extra-curricular activities available to SAF students only.
2902: 2897: 2878: 2868: 2771: 2766: 2756: 2705: 2411: 1293: 1268: 1138: 262: 2228: 2680: 1840: 1522: 534:
Focuses on the fundamental disciplines of mathematics, statistics, econometrics, computer science and finance. This program is offered jointly with
985:
is a year-long program for current SAF students to represent the School in recruiting, marketing, and connecting with future prospective students.
3128: 2941: 2685: 63: 3118: 3077: 2931: 614:
The School of Accounting & Finance has had success in its students and faculty research. Notably, many students who have challenged the
2648: 1367: 1470: 1788: 268:
The Bachelor of Accounting and Financial Management (BAFM) and Bachelor of Computing and Financial Management (BCFM) degrees are both
1603: 375: 287: 218: 1919: 2799: 2437: 1233: 939: 2101: 3113: 2873: 2641: 2153: 3087: 1893: 286:
Graduates of the BAFM program typically aspire to a host of professional accounting and/or finance credentials such as the
2563: 1097: 1866: 3082: 558: 237: 3123: 1218: 1029: 379: 291: 2307: 1496: 2936: 2809: 2804: 2781: 925:
The May 2021 CFE was only offered in the West and Atlantic Canada regions. The exam was not held in Ontario due to
1054: 383: 295: 2127: 2049: 1341: 2858: 2814: 2075: 1243: 615: 609: 562: 394: 222: 938:
In 2016, School of Accounting & Finance students became the first Canadian team to win the global annual
3046: 1736: 1202: 1188: 1134: 1033: 98: 2664: 2023: 1945: 1297: 1272: 1248: 1101: 597: 195: 108: 73: 1168: 1064: 241: 207: 1418: 3056: 3051: 2255: 1814: 1073: 326: 214: 921:
If winner of the Ontario Gold Medal also wins National Gold Medal, such count is tallied separately.
3092: 2385: 1192: 2464:"AIMCo welcomes Chief Investment Strategy Officer, Chief Risk Officer and Chief Financial Officer" 1046: 1025: 2791: 1037: 975: 512: 322: 2463: 305:
The Accounting and Financial Management (AFM) program offers 6 specializations in areas such as
1681: 3041: 2984: 2926: 1371: 1148: 926: 398: 306: 122: 206:
The School of Accounting and Finance offers the largest accounting and finance undergraduate
2994: 2824: 517: 402: 314: 1008:
School of Accounting and Finance organizes two national student-run conferences annually:
1894:"Waterloo students win the global finals at CFA Institute's research challenge in Poland" 175: 1655: 3009: 2999: 2537: 2511: 318: 917:
Honour roll count includes the gold medalists (3 regional + 1 national gold medalist).
3107: 3036: 2948: 1762: 1393:"Canada's first degree to merge sustainability and financial management now on offer" 1228: 1223: 1087: 1050: 490: 269: 2589: 2333: 1319:"Vision and Challenge: Accounting Education at the University of Waterloo 1981–2001" 850:
Common Final Examination (CFE) replaced the Uniform Evaluation (UFE) starting 2015.
393:
The Sustainability and Financial Management (SFM) program offers 3 specializations:
3030: 2989: 2974: 521: 2615: 2359: 1841:"SAF Students Capture World Championship at the CFA Investment Research Challenge" 1318: 3025: 2979: 2969: 2964: 2256:"Women in Business: Q&A with Michelle Lam, Founder & CEO of True&Co" 1178: 1158: 1124: 978:
entrepreneurs and small business clients with professional consulting services.
2489: 3061: 3004: 1238: 1117: 1077: 479: 2229:"Sun Life names Kevin Strain as next CEO as Dean Connor announces retirement" 569:
An overall ranking of 2nd in Canada and 10th globally for accounting research
154: 141: 1629: 624: 2633: 1971: 983:
School of Accounting and Finance Outreach & Ambassador Program (SOAP)
1053:, a direct-to-consumer digital intimate apparel brand, headquartered in 516:
business structuring, and risk management, with all the classes held in
2907: 310: 128: 1577: 2281: 1997: 437:
Biotechnology/Chartered Professional Accountancy Co-op (Biotech/CPA):
1368:"The Directory of Canadian Universities: The University of Waterloo" 2201: 618:
achieve honour roll as well as gold medal (Ontario and National).
368:
Bachelor of Sustainability and Financial Management Co-op (BSFM):
988:
Other initiatives in relation to SAF academic learning include:
974:
is also a SAF student-run consulting organization that provides
426:
Mathematics/Chartered Professional Accountancy Co-op (Math/CPA):
2637: 281:
Bachelor of Accounting and Financial Management Co-op (BAFM):
493:
Programme of Studies. Students will receive exemptions for
572:
1st in Canada for accounting information systems research
217:(MAcc) Program allows students to complete all required 2179: 228:
In June 2021, it was announced that the School and the
1795:. School of Accounting & Finance. 30 November 2018 1110:
Cindy Ditner: Global Head of Assurance of BDO Global.
453:
Bachelor of Computing and Financial Management (BCFM):
960:
The Accounting and Finance Student Association (AFSA)
415:
Government Policy and Financial Markets (CFA pathway)
1584:. Canadian Institute of Chartered Business Valuators 203:
building was officially opened to house the School.
3070: 3018: 2957: 2919: 2890: 2851: 2823: 2790: 2714: 2673: 1012:
University of Waterloo Accounting Conference (UWAC)
170: 117: 107: 97: 87: 79: 69: 57: 42: 34: 24: 1789:"SAF Grads Excel in the 2018 CPA CFE Exam Results" 2864:Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing 1682:"Main Accounting Rankings for Universities: 2020" 1549:"School of Accounting and Finance annual reports" 364:Students may choose two specializations at most. 240:, and to respond to the increasing importance of 575:1st in Canada for managerial accounting research 485:Furthermore, students who have taken and passed 643:Total % of UW SAF Students on Honour Roll 581:2nd in Canada for financial accounting research 2182:. University of Waterloo Accounting Conference 965:Accounting and Finance Orientation Week (AFOW) 2649: 1708:"Student and Graduate Employment Report 2018" 1419:"One School - Four Programs, Three Faculties" 339:Entrepreneurial Mindset Career Specialization 334:Professional Accountant Career Specialization 232:will begin offering a new undergrad program, 8: 1978:. Accounting and Finance Student Association 460:David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science 19: 2470:. Alberta Investment Management Corporation 2102:"Non-Profit Organization Consulting (NPOC)" 2030:. University of Waterloo. 18 September 2013 2879:Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games 2656: 2642: 2634: 2134:. University of Waterloo. 11 February 2015 1477:. University of Waterloo. 10 December 2019 499:Level II – Intermediate Business Valuation 344:Financial Leadership Career Specialization 18: 2869:Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research 2747:Environment, Resources and Sustainability 2308:"Profile: BDO Global CEO Keith Farlinger" 2160:. University of Waterloo. 14 October 2015 2056:. University of Waterloo. 15 October 2015 1926:. University of Waterloo. 21 January 2019 1497:"Sustainability and Financial Management" 1139:Alberta Investment Management Corporation 998:Non-Profit Organization Consulting (NPOC) 495:Level I – Introductory Business Valuation 458:This program is offered jointly with the 234:"Sustainability and Financial Management" 1952:. University of Waterloo. 24 August 2016 849: 584:2nd in Canada in Accounting PhD programs 354:Business Analytics Career Specialization 2742:Environment, Enterprise and Development 2154:"David T. Carter Financial Review Team" 2082:. University of Waterloo. November 2017 1260: 902: 349:Financial Markets Career Specialization 261:and one undergraduate program with the 1847:. University of Waterloo. 4 March 2016 1636:. University of Waterloo. 11 June 2015 1610:. University of Waterloo. 15 June 2015 1529:. University of Waterloo. 5 April 2016 604:UFE/CFE Honour Roll and Gold Medalists 478:This 8-month program is accredited by 410:Corporate Sustainability (CPA pathway) 192:School of Accounting and Finance (SAF) 2208:. hEDGE Financial Services Conference 1873:. University of Waterloo. 3 July 2020 1399:. University of Waterloo. 4 June 2021 1004:David T. Carter Financial Review Team 529:Master of Quantitative Finance (MQF): 7: 2438:"Anish Chopra, FCPA, FCA, CFA, FCBV" 1086:David Cates: President & CEO of 1063:Tim Jackson: President & CEO of 359:Sustainability Career Specialization 2206:hEDGE Financial Services Conference 1972:"Executives and Board of Directors" 1815:"Past Research Challenge Champions" 1471:"Lead The Change. Shape the Future" 1015:hEDGE Financial Services Conference 2254:Dunn, Laura Emily (5 March 2014). 2158:School of Accounting & Finance 2132:School of Accounting & Finance 2080:School of Accounting & Finance 2054:School of Accounting & Finance 1950:School of Accounting & Finance 1924:School of Accounting & Finance 1867:"CFA Institute Research Challenge" 1741:School of Accounting & Finance 1715:School of Accounting & Finance 1556:School of Accounting & Finance 1527:Graduate Studies Academic Calendar 904:Total MAcc Students on Honour Roll 489:receive advanced standings in the 14: 2898:Undergraduate Student Association 1662:. QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited 640:CFE Total Honour Roll Recipients 553:School Reputation and Achievement 376:Chartered Professional Accountant 288:Chartered Professional Accountant 219:Chartered Professional Accountant 180:/school-of-accounting-and-finance 2777:Public Health and Health Systems 2594:RBC Capital Markets | Leadership 2314:. AccountancyAge. 17 August 2017 2106:School of Accounting and Finance 2028:School of Accounting and Finance 1871:School of Accounting and Finance 1845:School of Accounting and Finance 1501:School of Accounting and Finance 1475:School of Accounting and Finance 1346:School of Accounting and Finance 1234:CFA Institute Research Challenge 940:CFA Institute Research Challenge 934:CFA Institute Research Challenge 20:School of Accounting and Finance 2874:Institute for Quantum Computing 2752:Interaction Design and Business 587:3rd in Canada in audit research 445:qualifying practical experience 3129:1980 establishments in Ontario 2412:"Pamela Steer, FCPA, FCA, CFA" 578:1st in Canada for tax research 1: 2737:Entrepreneurship and Business 2618:. Descartes Systems Group Inc 2596:. RBC Dominion Securities Inc 2568:Leadership Team - SNC-Lavalin 2516:Leadership Team - Pizza Pizza 2050:"The Student Investment Fund" 3119:Accounting schools in Canada 2762:Optometry and Vision Science 907: 897: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 789: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 742: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 682: 679: 676: 673: 670: 667: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 559:QS World University Rankings 473:Master of Accounting (MAcc): 432:renamed to Math/CPA in 2013. 238:environmental sustainability 1737:"Awards & Achievements" 1219:Chartered Financial Analyst 1098:Global Human Capital Leader 420:Indigenous Entrepreneurship 384:Chartered Business Valuator 380:Chartered Financial Analyst 296:Chartered Business Valuator 292:Chartered Financial Analyst 210:(co-op) program in Canada. 155:43.46841000°N 80.54148000°W 3145: 3078:Notable alumni and faculty 2076:"The Student Venture Fund" 1688:. Brigham Young University 1656:"Accounting & Finance" 1157:Christine D’Sylva: CFO of 1020:Notable alumni and faculty 607: 506:Master of Taxation (MTax): 487:ACC606 Business Valuations 2360:"Network leadership team" 2128:"Young Tax Professionals" 1055:San Francisco, California 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 627: 160:43.46841000; -80.54148000 2859:Museum of Vision Science 2366:. PricewaterhouseCoopers 2108:. University of Waterloo 1900:. University of Waterloo 1743:. University of Waterloo 1717:. University of Waterloo 1558:. University of Waterloo 1503:. University of Waterloo 1425:. University of Waterloo 1348:. University of Waterloo 1244:Common Final Examination 1147:Sahezad Pardhan: CFO of 616:Common Final Examination 610:Common Final Examination 563:Brigham Young University 395:corporate sustainability 223:Common Final Examination 113:293 (Masters + Doctoral) 16:Canadian business school 2544:. Ballard Power Systems 1203:Descartes Systems Group 1001:Young Tax Professionals 992:Student Investment Fund 276:Undergraduate Education 3114:University of Waterloo 2722:Accounting and Finance 2666:University of Waterloo 2004:. ACE Consulting Group 1920:"Co-/Extra-Curricular" 1793:University of Waterloo 1634:University of Waterloo 1523:"Master of Accounting" 1423:University of Waterloo 1298:University of Waterloo 1273:University of Waterloo 1249:University of Waterloo 1102:PricewaterhouseCoopers 598:co-operative education 536:Faculty of Mathematics 468:Postgraduate Education 259:Faculty of Mathematics 230:Faculty of Environment 196:University of Waterloo 74:University of Waterloo 2757:International Affairs 2518:. Pizza Pizza Limited 2490:"Our Leadership Team" 2262:. The Huffington Post 1169:Ballard Power Systems 1123:Anish Chopra: Former 1116:Pamela Steer: CEO of 1049:: Founder and CEO of 242:environmental finance 208:cooperative education 30:School of Accountancy 3057:Feridun Hamdullahpur 3052:David Lloyd Johnston 2340:. Denison Mines Corp 2282:"Shad National Team" 2235:. The Globe and Mail 2002:ACE Consulting Group 1630:"Master of Taxation" 1342:"Director's Message" 1294:"Student Headcounts" 1269:"Student Headcounts" 1201:Allan Brett: CFO of 1167:Paul Dobson: CFO of 995:Student Venture Fund 972:ACE Consulting Group 637:National Gold Medal 391:SFM Specializations: 327:corporate governance 303:AFM Specializations: 215:Master of Accounting 2975:Carl Arthur Pollock 2903:Engineering Society 2570:. SNC-Lavalin Group 2542:Our Leadership Team 2492:. Cadillac Fairview 1946:"Work/life balance" 1686:Accounting Rankings 1578:"Course Exemptions" 1193:RBC Capital Markets 1096:Betty Ann Jarrett: 634:Ontario Gold Medal 200:professional school 151: /  21: 3124:Accounting schools 2942:Women's ice hockey 2825:Satellite campuses 2233:Report on Business 1763:"CFE Exam Results" 1608:Master of Taxation 1445:"For Universities" 1177:Jeff Bell: CFO of 1127:of CBV Institute. 1038:Sun Life Financial 976:Kitchener-Waterloo 963:orientation week, 543:PhD in Accounting: 513:Master of Taxation 323:Business analytics 263:Faculty of Science 59:Parent institution 3101: 3100: 3042:Douglas T. Wright 2985:J. Page Wadsworth 2927:Waterloo Warriors 2912: 2883: 2564:"Leadership Team" 2512:"Leadership Team" 1892:Doherty, Rachel. 1604:"Course Schedule" 1208: 1198: 1184: 1174: 1164: 1154: 1149:Cadillac Fairview 1144: 1130: 1113: 1107: 1093: 1083: 1070: 1060: 1043: 930: 927:COVID-19 pandemic 922: 918: 914: 913: 399:financial markets 307:public accounting 252:Programs of Study 188: 187: 103:2,192 (Undergrad) 3136: 2932:Men's basketball 2910: 2881: 2732:Computer Science 2667: 2658: 2651: 2644: 2635: 2628: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2538:"Our Leadership" 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2460: 2454: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2382: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2356: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2176: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2124: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2072: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2020: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2009: 1994: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1916: 1910: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1889: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1774: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1748: 1733: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1712: 1704: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1693: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1667: 1660:Top Universities 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1553: 1545: 1539: 1538: 1536: 1534: 1519: 1513: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1467: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1415: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1370:. Archived from 1364: 1358: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1265: 1206: 1196: 1182: 1172: 1162: 1152: 1142: 1128: 1111: 1105: 1091: 1081: 1076:: Former CEO of 1068: 1058: 1041: 924: 920: 916: 628:Year of CFE/UFE 625: 518:downtown Toronto 403:entrepreneurship 315:entrepreneurship 184: 181: 179: 177: 166: 165: 163: 162: 161: 156: 152: 149: 148: 147: 144: 53: 51: 22: 3144: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3104: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3088:Transit station 3066: 3014: 2953: 2915: 2886: 2847: 2819: 2786: 2710: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2632: 2631: 2621: 2619: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2588: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2536: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2447: 2445: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2343: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2291: 2289: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2227:O'Hara, Clare. 2226: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2173: 2163: 2161: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2137: 2135: 2126: 2125: 2121: 2111: 2109: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2059: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2022: 2021: 2017: 2007: 2005: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1981: 1979: 1970: 1969: 1965: 1955: 1953: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1918: 1917: 1913: 1903: 1901: 1891: 1890: 1886: 1876: 1874: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1850: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1824: 1822: 1821:. CFA Institute 1813: 1812: 1808: 1798: 1796: 1787: 1786: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1746: 1744: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1720: 1718: 1710: 1706: 1705: 1701: 1691: 1689: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1665: 1663: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1639: 1637: 1628: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1611: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1587: 1585: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1532: 1530: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1506: 1504: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1480: 1478: 1469: 1468: 1464: 1454: 1452: 1451:. CFA Institute 1443: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1426: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1402: 1400: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1377: 1375: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1351: 1349: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1312: 1303: 1301: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1278: 1276: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1215: 1074:Keith Farlinger 1022: 956: 936: 923: 919: 688:September 2021 668:September 2022 648:September 2023 612: 606: 594: 555: 470: 278: 254: 174: 159: 157: 153: 150: 145: 142: 140: 138: 137: 136: 135: 131: 125: 90: 64:Faculty of Arts 60: 49: 47: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3142: 3140: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3012: 3010:Dominic Barton 3007: 3002: 3000:Mike Lazaridis 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2970:Ira G. Needles 2967: 2961: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2923: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2913: 2905: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2829: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2818: 2817: 2815:United College 2812: 2807: 2802: 2796: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2718: 2716: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2653: 2646: 2638: 2630: 2629: 2607: 2581: 2555: 2529: 2503: 2481: 2455: 2429: 2403: 2377: 2351: 2325: 2312:AccountancyAge 2299: 2273: 2246: 2219: 2193: 2171: 2145: 2119: 2093: 2067: 2041: 2015: 1989: 1963: 1937: 1911: 1884: 1858: 1832: 1806: 1780: 1754: 1728: 1699: 1673: 1647: 1621: 1595: 1569: 1540: 1514: 1488: 1462: 1436: 1410: 1384: 1359: 1333: 1310: 1285: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1199: 1187:Troy Maxwell: 1185: 1175: 1165: 1155: 1145: 1133:Paul Langill: 1131: 1121: 1114: 1108: 1094: 1084: 1071: 1061: 1051:True & Co. 1044: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1006: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 955: 952: 935: 932: 912: 911: 906: 900: 899: 896: 893: 888: 883: 878: 872: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 852: 851: 847: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 827: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 807: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 787: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 767: 766: 761: 758: 755: 752: 749: 745: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 729: 725: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 705: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 685: 684: 681: 678: 675: 672: 669: 665: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 645: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 605: 602: 593: 590: 589: 588: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 554: 551: 550: 549: 540: 539: 526: 525: 503: 502: 483: 469: 466: 465: 464: 450: 449: 434: 433: 423: 422: 417: 412: 388: 387: 362: 361: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 319:sustainability 300: 299: 277: 274: 253: 250: 186: 185: 172: 168: 167: 146:80°32′29.328″W 133: 127: 121: 119: 115: 114: 111: 105: 104: 101: 99:Undergraduates 95: 94: 91: 89:Academic staff 88: 85: 84: 83:Blake Phillips 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 61: 58: 55: 54: 44: 40: 39: 36: 32: 31: 28: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3141: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3037:Burt Matthews 3035: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2995:Val O'Donovan 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2950: 2949:Warrior Field 2947: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852:Organizations 2850: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2800:Conrad Grebel 2798: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2595: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2530: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2504: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2469: 2465: 2459: 2456: 2443: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2417: 2413: 2407: 2404: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2365: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2339: 2338:Denison Mines 2335: 2329: 2326: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2288:. Shad Canada 2287: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2261: 2257: 2250: 2247: 2234: 2230: 2223: 2220: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2159: 2155: 2149: 2146: 2133: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2094: 2081: 2077: 2071: 2068: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2042: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2003: 1999: 1998:"Our History" 1993: 1990: 1977: 1973: 1967: 1964: 1951: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1925: 1921: 1915: 1912: 1899: 1898:Waterloo News 1895: 1888: 1885: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1846: 1842: 1836: 1833: 1820: 1819:CFA Institute 1816: 1810: 1807: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1769:. CPA Ontario 1768: 1764: 1758: 1755: 1742: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1716: 1709: 1703: 1700: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1648: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1622: 1609: 1605: 1599: 1596: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1557: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1515: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1489: 1476: 1472: 1466: 1463: 1450: 1449:CFA Institute 1446: 1440: 1437: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1411: 1398: 1397:Waterloo News 1394: 1388: 1385: 1374:on 2007-06-07 1373: 1369: 1363: 1360: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1334: 1320: 1314: 1311: 1300:. 2 June 2015 1299: 1295: 1289: 1286: 1275:. 2 June 2015 1274: 1270: 1264: 1261: 1254: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1229:CFA Institute 1227: 1225: 1224:CBV Institute 1222: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1204: 1200: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1180: 1176: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1146: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1089: 1088:Denison Mines 1085: 1079: 1075: 1072: 1066: 1062: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 990: 989: 986: 984: 979: 977: 973: 970:Furthermore, 968: 966: 961: 953: 951: 947: 943: 941: 933: 931: 928: 910: 905: 901: 892: 887: 882: 877: 873: 853: 848: 828: 808: 788: 768: 765: 746: 726: 706: 686: 666: 646: 626: 623: 619: 617: 611: 603: 601: 599: 592:Co-op Success 591: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 567: 566: 564: 560: 557:According to 552: 547: 546: 545: 544: 537: 533: 532: 531: 530: 523: 519: 514: 510: 509: 508: 507: 500: 496: 492: 491:CBV Institute 488: 484: 481: 477: 476: 475: 474: 467: 461: 457: 456: 455: 454: 446: 441: 440: 439: 438: 430: 429: 428: 427: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 407: 406: 404: 400: 396: 392: 385: 381: 377: 372: 371: 370: 369: 365: 360: 357: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 331: 330: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 297: 293: 289: 285: 284: 283: 282: 275: 273: 271: 270:CFA Institute 266: 264: 260: 251: 249: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 226: 224: 220: 216: 213:The School's 211: 209: 204: 201: 197: 193: 183: 173: 169: 164: 143:43°28′6.276″N 130: 124: 120: 116: 112: 110: 109:Postgraduates 106: 102: 100: 96: 92: 86: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 65: 62: 56: 45: 41: 37: 33: 29: 23: 3083:Midnight Sun 3047:James Downey 3031:Howard Petch 2990:Sylvia Ostry 2891:Student life 2810:St. Jerome's 2727:Architecture 2721: 2620:. Retrieved 2616:"Leadership" 2610: 2598:. Retrieved 2593: 2590:"Executives" 2584: 2572:. Retrieved 2567: 2558: 2546:. Retrieved 2541: 2532: 2520:. Retrieved 2515: 2506: 2494:. Retrieved 2484: 2472:. Retrieved 2467: 2458: 2446:. Retrieved 2444:. CPA Canada 2441: 2432: 2420:. Retrieved 2418:. CPA Canada 2415: 2406: 2394:. Retrieved 2392:. BDO Global 2389: 2386:"Leadership" 2380: 2368:. Retrieved 2363: 2354: 2342:. Retrieved 2337: 2334:"Management" 2328: 2316:. Retrieved 2311: 2302: 2290:. Retrieved 2285: 2276: 2264:. Retrieved 2259: 2249: 2237:. Retrieved 2232: 2222: 2210:. Retrieved 2205: 2196: 2184:. Retrieved 2174: 2162:. Retrieved 2157: 2148: 2136:. Retrieved 2131: 2122: 2110:. Retrieved 2105: 2096: 2084:. Retrieved 2079: 2070: 2058:. Retrieved 2053: 2044: 2032:. Retrieved 2027: 2024:"About SOAP" 2018: 2006:. Retrieved 2001: 1992: 1980:. Retrieved 1975: 1966: 1954:. Retrieved 1949: 1940: 1928:. Retrieved 1923: 1914: 1902:. Retrieved 1897: 1887: 1875:. Retrieved 1870: 1861: 1849:. Retrieved 1844: 1835: 1823:. Retrieved 1818: 1809: 1797:. Retrieved 1792: 1783: 1771:. Retrieved 1766: 1757: 1745:. Retrieved 1740: 1731: 1719:. Retrieved 1714: 1702: 1690:. Retrieved 1685: 1676: 1664:. Retrieved 1659: 1650: 1638:. Retrieved 1633: 1624: 1612:. Retrieved 1607: 1598: 1586:. Retrieved 1581: 1572: 1560:. Retrieved 1555: 1543: 1531:. Retrieved 1526: 1517: 1505:. Retrieved 1500: 1491: 1479:. Retrieved 1474: 1465: 1453:. Retrieved 1448: 1439: 1427:. Retrieved 1422: 1413: 1401:. Retrieved 1396: 1387: 1376:. Retrieved 1372:the original 1362: 1350:. Retrieved 1345: 1336: 1325:. Retrieved 1313: 1302:. Retrieved 1288: 1277:. Retrieved 1263: 1047:Michelle Lam 1026:Kevin Strain 1007: 987: 982: 980: 971: 969: 964: 959: 957: 954:Student life 948: 944: 937: 915: 908: 903: 890: 885: 880: 875: 763: 631:Honour Roll 620: 613: 595: 556: 542: 541: 528: 527: 522:Eaton Centre 505: 504: 498: 494: 486: 472: 471: 452: 451: 444: 436: 435: 425: 424: 419: 414: 409: 390: 389: 367: 366: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 302: 301: 280: 279: 267: 255: 233: 227: 212: 205: 199: 191: 189: 26:Former names 3026:Gerry Hagey 2980:Josef Kates 2965:Dana Porter 2958:Chancellors 2782:Social Work 2701:Mathematics 2696:Environment 2691:Engineering 2448:20 December 2286:Shad Canada 2266:20 December 2239:20 December 1767:CPA Ontario 1179:SNC-Lavalin 1159:Pizza Pizza 1125:Board Chair 1082:(BMath '77) 1065:SHAD Canada 246:ESG factors 158: / 70:Affiliation 43:Established 3108:Categories 3062:Vivek Goel 3019:Presidents 3005:Prem Watsa 2442:CPA Canada 2416:CPA Canada 2390:BDO Global 1851:15 October 1825:15 October 1799:3 December 1773:3 December 1747:15 October 1721:15 October 1562:15 October 1429:15 October 1378:2007-05-31 1352:23 October 1327:2009-10-23 1304:2019-09-26 1279:2019-09-26 1255:References 1239:CPA Canada 1197:(MAcc '89) 1163:(MAcc '03) 1153:(MAcc '04) 1143:(MAcc '91) 1129:(MAcc '94) 1118:CPA Canada 1112:(MAcc '86) 1106:(MAcc '86) 1092:(MAcc '05) 1078:BDO Global 1059:(MAcc '01) 1042:(MAcc '90) 855:1982-2014 790:Sept 2016 608:See also: 480:CPA Canada 294:(CFA) and 3033:(pro tem) 2920:Athletics 2843:Stratford 2838:Cambridge 2833:Kitchener 2674:Faculties 1692:19 August 1030:President 810:May 2016 382:(CFA) or 176:uwaterloo 2937:Football 2911:(former) 2882:(former) 2792:Colleges 2772:Planning 2767:Pharmacy 2622:9 August 2600:9 August 2574:9 August 2548:9 August 2522:9 August 2496:8 August 2260:HuffPost 1904:9 August 1213:See also 1207:(BA '91) 1183:(BA '90) 1173:(BA '90) 1069:(BA '92) 123:Waterloo 118:Location 80:Director 3093:Imprint 2908:CKMS-FM 2805:Renison 2715:Schools 2706:Science 2422:4 April 2212:14 July 2164:14 July 2138:14 July 2086:14 July 2060:14 July 2034:14 July 2008:14 July 1982:14 July 1956:14 July 1930:14 July 1666:8 April 1640:30 July 1614:30 July 1588:30 July 1533:30 July 1507:9 April 1481:14 July 1455:17 July 378:(CPA), 311:finance 290:(CPA), 171:Website 129:Ontario 48: ( 2681:Health 2474:23 May 2396:23 May 2370:23 May 2344:23 May 2318:23 May 2292:23 May 2202:"Home" 2186:6 June 2180:"UWAC" 2112:2 June 1403:6 June 1032:& 845:21.2% 805:11.3% 785:19.1% 743:18.5% 723:20.3% 703:11.8% 683:18.6% 663:21.1% 401:, and 325:, and 134:Canada 38:School 3071:Other 2468:AIMCo 1877:5 May 1711:(PDF) 1582:CICBV 1552:(PDF) 1322:(PDF) 876:Total 830:2015 825:5.0% 770:2017 764:23.5% 748:2018 728:2019 708:2020 596:With 448:2013. 198:is a 2686:Arts 2624:2021 2602:2021 2576:2021 2550:2021 2524:2021 2498:2021 2476:2021 2450:2020 2424:2022 2398:2021 2372:2021 2346:2021 2320:2021 2294:2021 2268:2020 2241:2020 2214:2020 2188:2021 2166:2020 2140:2020 2114:2022 2088:2020 2062:2020 2036:2020 2010:2020 1984:2020 1976:AFSA 1958:2020 1932:2020 1906:2024 1879:2021 1853:2018 1827:2018 1801:2018 1775:2018 1749:2018 1723:2018 1694:2021 1668:2022 1642:2018 1616:2018 1590:2018 1564:2018 1535:2018 1509:2023 1483:2020 1457:2020 1431:2018 1405:2021 1354:2022 981:The 898:N/A 895:N/A 870:N/A 867:N/A 858:129 511:The 497:and 244:and 190:The 50:1980 46:1980 35:Type 2364:PwC 1191:of 1189:COO 1137:of 1135:CFO 1100:of 1036:of 1034:CEO 909:176 881:225 861:10 842:52 833:11 822:20 802:53 782:68 773:13 760:68 751:16 740:81 731:15 720:74 711:15 700:68 680:59 671:11 660:57 651:12 520:'s 194:at 178:.ca 3110:: 2592:. 2566:. 2540:. 2514:. 2466:. 2440:. 2414:. 2388:. 2362:. 2336:. 2310:. 2284:. 2258:. 2231:. 2204:. 2156:. 2130:. 2104:. 2078:. 2052:. 2026:. 2000:. 1974:. 1948:. 1922:. 1896:. 1869:. 1843:. 1817:. 1791:. 1765:. 1739:. 1713:. 1684:. 1658:. 1632:. 1606:. 1580:. 1554:. 1525:. 1499:. 1473:. 1447:. 1421:. 1395:. 1344:. 1296:. 1271:. 1205:. 1195:. 1181:. 1171:. 1161:. 1151:. 1141:. 1104:. 1090:. 1080:. 1067:. 1057:. 1040:. 1028:: 967:. 886:14 864:6 839:0 836:0 819:0 816:1 813:1 799:0 796:1 793:6 779:0 776:0 757:1 754:1 737:1 734:1 717:0 714:0 697:0 694:0 691:8 677:0 674:0 657:0 654:1 565:: 397:, 321:, 317:, 313:, 309:, 265:. 248:. 132:, 126:, 93:54 2657:e 2650:t 2643:v 2626:. 2604:. 2578:. 2552:. 2526:. 2500:. 2478:. 2452:. 2426:. 2400:. 2374:. 2348:. 2322:. 2296:. 2270:. 2243:. 2216:. 2190:. 2168:. 2142:. 2116:. 2090:. 2064:. 2038:. 2012:. 1986:. 1960:. 1934:. 1908:. 1881:. 1855:. 1829:. 1803:. 1777:. 1751:. 1725:. 1696:. 1670:. 1644:. 1618:. 1592:. 1566:. 1537:. 1511:. 1485:. 1459:. 1433:. 1407:. 1381:. 1356:. 1330:. 1307:. 1282:. 1120:. 929:. 891:8 538:. 524:. 501:. 182:/ 52:)

Index

Faculty of Arts
University of Waterloo
Undergraduates
Postgraduates
Waterloo
Ontario
43°28′6.276″N 80°32′29.328″W / 43.46841000°N 80.54148000°W / 43.46841000; -80.54148000
uwaterloo.ca/school-of-accounting-and-finance/
University of Waterloo
cooperative education
Master of Accounting
Chartered Professional Accountant
Common Final Examination
Faculty of Environment
environmental sustainability
environmental finance
ESG factors
Faculty of Mathematics
Faculty of Science
CFA Institute
Chartered Professional Accountant
Chartered Financial Analyst
Chartered Business Valuator
public accounting
finance
entrepreneurship
sustainability
Business analytics
corporate governance
Chartered Professional Accountant

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.