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to be built, and the position of the house on the property, should determine what kind of features it should contain. To
Bosworth, it was also ideal that the house and garden should be built at the same time. This was not possible with the Untermyer estate, as Greystone was already built and was not well-sited for Bosworth's purposes. The land as well was not flat and regular as a tradition formal garden would require. Instead, Untermyer's estate was rocky and irregular with hillocks, mounds, outcroppings and dips, and it sloped steeply down to the Hudson River.
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plan which would allow for fruits, shrubs and flower to be grown. Bosworth decided that the only part of the estate which would be appropriate for this was the site of a previous garden in the northeast portion of the property. The difficulty was to unify the landscape, and integrate the main house, several smaller houses, and the greenhouses – which
Bosworth did not appreciate, but which were extremely important to Untermyer – into the overall scheme.
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The Rock and Stream Garden is the remnant of the original Rock Garden, which featured a tiny stream running through a jumble of stones. It was buried beneath vegetation and dirt for many years, until it was rediscovered and rebuilt using elements of the original, and connecting it to the watercourse
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The Walled Garden also featured the Temple of the Sky, an open-air circular 30-foot (9.1 m) colonnade of 14 Corinthian columns topped by an entablature, overlooking a swimming pool. The floor of the colonnade was a circular pink, grey and pale green mosaic, with the head of Medusa at the center.
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Untermyer died in 1940. He had wished to give the gardens to New York State, Westchester County, or to the City of
Yonkers, but because of the great cost of the upkeep of the gardens, which were not accompanied by an endowment, the bequest was initially refused by all three bodies. Finally, in 1946,
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he complained about the "resulting incoherence lacking a tradition at home, our minds are furnished with pictures of every sort of formal garden." He regretted that the U.S. had "no pure historic style" of its own. Bosworth himself preached that the topography of the land on which the garden was
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Bosworth came up with a plan for the gardens: the greenhouse would act as a portal to the formal landscapes, of which there would be six main sections, the Walled Garden, the Vista, the Color
Gardens, the Rose Garden, the Vegetable Gardens, and the Temple of Love, perched on a rocky promontory. Of
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In addition, while
Rockefeller wanted a spring and fall garden, as he and his family did not live at Kykuit in the summer, Untermyer's focus was on horticulture and growing things, and wanted Bosworth to provide – along with stands of trees, water features and architectural effects – a
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bought the 133-acre (54 ha) property at auction in 1899 from Tilden's estate. Untermyer – who was born in
Virginia in 1858 and moved to New York City as a boy – was a lawyer, a partner in the firm of Guggenheimer, Untermyer & Marshall. He is noted as being the first lawyer in
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With its restored pergola and parterre layout, vegetables and fruit trees are planted in a formal configuration with an eye to aesthetic beauty. The garden is tended by student interns from
Yonkers public high schools. The terrace below the garden will feature a row of bronze sculptures of Hudson
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Because of inadequate funding, much of the property was not maintained; a number of structures gradually fell into disrepair, and parts of the site became overgrown, reverting to woodland. In 1976, the
Untermyer Park and Gardens experienced a period of vandalism and unrest, as neighbors reported
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When
Untermyer died in 1940, he had hoped to donate the whole estate to New York Shate Westchester County, or to the City of Yonkers. Eventually Yonkers agreed to accept part of the estate. The parcel, which was the core of the gardens, and which has been added to since that time, was renamed
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The Walled Garden has a canal which ran south-north, from the entrance to the small open-air amphitheater at the other end, and another which bisects it running east-west, with a small pool at the intersection. Each canal has numerous water jets. Untermyer had hired the engineer
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Since 2011, the
Untermyer Gardens Conservancy, a non-profit organization, has been working to restore the gardens, in partnership with the Yonkers Parks Department. The Conservancy employs head gardener Timothy Tilghman in a team of 10 gardeners, and receives advice from
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In 1865, John T. Waring, the owner of the largest hat factory in the U.S., bought 33 acres of land from the Bolmer estate, and had architect John Davis Hatch build a turreted mansion on it which Waring called "Greystone", a name which remains on the nearby
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Bosworth, despite his Beaux Arts training, had become conflicted about the influence of that style on American landscape gardening, and the jumble of other styles that were mixed into it with imported garden ornaments from Europe. In an article in
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In the 1970s an effort was made to restore the garden by Yonkers Mayor Angelo Martinelli, architect James Piccone and Larry Martin, but the campaign was short-lived and the property deteriorated again. Untermyer Park and Gardens was added to the
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the U.S. to receive a fee of one million dollars for a single case. A very successful investor, Untermyer became extremely wealthy. He also transitioned from practicing corporate law to taking cases which involved promoting the public welfare.
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Untermyer had a passion for horticulture, which he said he inherited from his mother, and was an expert in the subject. According to his family, if he could have lived his life over again, he would have wanted to be the
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Untermyer Park and Gardens has a number of preserved, restored or re-imagined main features, plus some remnants of original features such as the Sundial Garden, the Six Color Gardens, and the Rose and Dahlia Garden.
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The result was, for a time, one of the most celebrated gardens in the United States. Untermyer opened the grounds weekly to the public in the 1920s and '30s and for special events, such as displays of his noted
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and other artists. The gardens were regularly opened to the public, hosted performances of noted dancers, actors and musicians, and were considered to be among the finest gardens in the United States.
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on the eastern wall for guests to relax in, and the open air amphitheater at the north end where performers would entertain guests. A prominent feature of the amphitheater are the two facing marble
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The quality of horticulture at the Untermyer Gardens was nationally famous, and some great gardeners got their training there. Eventually, the estate had 60 greenhouses and employed 60 gardeners.
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hearing chanting, and seeing torches being carried through the woods at night. This culminated in the discovery of the remains of several mutilated dogs in the aqueduct south of the park.
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these, the Walled Garden – which was not always called that – was the most significant. This 3-acre (1.2 ha) "Indo-Persian kind of garden", as Bosworth called it, had
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a former governor of New York state and a failed Presidential candidate, rented the mansion from Waring in 1879, and bought it and the estate soon after. Tilden had an interest in
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was not too far away, so in 1916, after buying additional property to the north and east of the original estate to expand it to 150 acres (61 ha), Untermyer hired the
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In the 1990s community leaders such as Nortrud Spero and Joe Kozlowski persuaded Mayor Terence Zaleski to purchase more of the original estate's land with the help of the
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and fountain. Actual graffiti inside the gatehouse was preserved, and the plantings of the garden are meant to give the feeling of being in an abandoned, ruined house.
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on top. In Untermyer's time it was surrounded by an extensive rock garden with terraced beds. Many of the rocks are hollowed out in order to be used as planters.
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While conceptually Indo-Persian, many of the elements that Bosworth designed for the Walled Garden are derived from Greek models, such as the Temple of the Sky, a
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in northern India. The fourth side of the garden was open to views of the Hudson. The main entrance was a large rectangular limestone gate topped by a relief of
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16 acres (6.5 ha) of the land was accepted as a gift by the City of Yonkers, and became a city public park. The mansion itself was eventually torn down.
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The gardens were developed beginning in 1916 by Untermyer, a prominent lawyer and civic leader, and were designed by architect and landscape designer
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of the lower terrace of the Walled Garden down towards the Hudson River, where it culminates in the Vista Overlook. The staircase is modeled on the
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of the citadel of Mycenae, but without the two sculpted lions of the original, while the tiling of the amphitheater's stage floor was based on a
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Other architectural elements, such as the great gate through which one enters the garden, and the tiled stage of the amphitheater, were based on
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s. Like those ancient gardens, it is divided into quadrilateral sections by waterways, a concept based on the four gardens of Paradise or
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The Temple of Love is a cantilevered rocky fantasy designed by a Genoese stone mason Carlo Davite, with a round temple
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trees of the original staircase, however non-native tree species invaded, and the cedars had to be restored later.
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426:. Untermyer wanted his estate to have formal gardens, and his competitive nature wanted them to be better than
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394:. In 1876, Waring had some financial reversals and moved to Boston, putting the 99-room mansion up for rent.
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541:. On a single day in 1939, 30,000 people visited the gardens. Noted artists also performed there, such as
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Untermyer Gardens have recently undergone a significant campaign of restorations, which is continuing.
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The densely-planted Rhododendron Walk, a new feature dating from 2019, is meant to evoke Untermyer's
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walls with octagonal towers – is based on the Indo-Persian gardens of antiquity, called
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of walls of beige bricks on three sides, with octagonal towers, all covered in cream-colored
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Public park in Yonkers, New York featuring the remnants of Samuel Untermyer's noted gardens
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The Vista is a long descending staircase which runs from an inconspicuous doorway in the
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and built 13 greenhouses to grow ornamental plants as well as fruits and vegetables.
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The North Canal of the Walled Garden with the sphynxes in the background (c.1900)
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Exploring Gardens & Green Spaces: From Connecticut to the Delaware Valley
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Sphinxes atop paired ionic columns in the amphitheater of the Walled Garden
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1365:"Watch The Sons of Sam: A Descent into Darkness | Netflix Official Site"
1309:"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Untermyer Park"
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scored with a diamond pattern. Bosworth may have been inspired by the
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Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
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collection. It leads from the Ruin Garden to the main gardens above.
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of the Temple of Love, which includes waterfalls, ponds and bridges.
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New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
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The Lion and Unicorn Gate entrance to the gardens is located at the
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Interactive map showing the location for Untermyer Park and Gardens
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is a historic 43-acre (17 ha) city public park, located in
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to the bluff on top of it, the park's principal feature is the
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Untermyer Park and Gardens in his honor. It was added to the
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685:, with a large swimming pool with lion's heads sculpted by
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The Vista looking west to the Hudson River and The Overlook
587:'s founding director of horticulture, Marco Polo Stufano.
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resulting in the 43 acres (17 ha) of the park today.
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long staircase leads from the Walled Garden to an Overlook
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National Register of Historic Places in Yonkers, New York
1339:"Satanic Panic in America's Greatest Forgotten Garden"
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Garcia, Ernie. "Untermyer Gardens Rehab Sensational".
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As of 2020 the Temple of the Sky is under restoration.
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columns which came from the estate of noted architect
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New York State Register of Historic Places in Yonkers
310:, in which are found a small Grecian-style open-air
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2008:
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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771:The Overlook features two ancient Roman monolithic
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630:. In the Bible, the four rivers of Eden were the
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673:, on the western edge of the garden, a circle of
604:The Walled Garden – which is surrounded by
408:Tilden died at Greystone on August 4, 1886, and
334:; and a circular, open-air tempietto called the
846:River painters by the noted artist Greg Wyatt.
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720:motifs. The gate was based on the Bronze Age
2220:Buildings and structures in Yonkers, New York
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1284:"Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)"
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793:The Temple of Love and Rock and Stream Garden
8:
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2189:National Register of Historic Places Portal
1168:"Overview: The Conservancy and the Gardens"
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895:The Temple of the Sky in the Walled Garden
760:. The sides were originally planted with
438:-trained architect and landscape designer
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60:New York State Register of Historic Places
1606:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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51:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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907:A Foo Dog sculpture in the Walled Garden
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2215:1916 establishments in New York (state)
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841:Ornamental Vegetable Garden and Orchard
815:Old Croton Aqueduct State Historic Park
809:Lion & Unicorn Gate and Ruin Garden
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999:Ginsburg, Elizabeth (April 27, 2020).
973:"National Register Information System"
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2240:Parks in Westchester County, New York
1093:New York: A Guide to the Empire State
732:, which featured spirals and papyrus
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978:National Register of Historic Places
570:National Register of Historic Places
368:National Register of Historic Places
1307:Lynn Beebe Weaver (December 1973).
709:. The sphinxes were influenced by
1547:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
654:. In Islamic scripture, Paradise (
652:Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
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1570:Untermyer Performing Arts Council
1095:. U.S. History Publishers. p.374
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342:with views of the river and the
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1390:"Untermyer Gardens Conservancy"
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1565:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1530:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1504:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1491:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1446:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1394:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1170:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1129:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
1127:"History - Untermyer History"
1047:Untermyer Gardens Conservancy
131:Show map of the United States
2140:National Historic Landmarks
1517:Untermyer Garden Conservancy
1502:"The Rock and Stream Garden"
1478:Untermyer Garden Conservancy
1326:Accompanying six photographs
1248:New York: Norton. pp.174-75
1045:"History: Greystone History"
291:. The park is a remnant of
32:United States historic place
2230:Gardens in New York (state)
879:One of the Walled Garden's
551:The gardens after Untermyer
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1430:Untermyer Park and Gardens
689:spouting water, the Doric
277:Untermyer Park and Gardens
43:Untermyer Park and Gardens
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1543:Seebohm, Caroline (2020)
1428:"Garden Map and Brochure"
1264:Seebohm (2020), pp.79, 81
1224:Seebohm (2020), pp.71, 73
1065:"Hiking Untermyer Estate"
728:from the ancient city of
392:Metro-North train station
230:NRHP reference
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1893:Richmond (Staten Island)
1233:Seebohm (2020), pp.73-76
1215:Seebohm (2020), pp.69-70
1021:Westchester Journal News
764:trees to mimic the dark
523:Charles Wellford Leavitt
355:Charles Wellford Leavitt
222:Architectural style
1242:Salvesan, Magda (2011)
1089:Federal Writers Project
919:The Overlook, with the
740:The Vista and Overlook
472:William Welles Bosworth
440:William Welles Bosworth
1629:Keeper of the Register
1545:Paradise on the Hudson
921:Hudson River Palisades
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485:The American Architect
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318:crouching atop paired
303:, inspired by ancient
267:Designated NYSRHP
2235:Eclectic architecture
2149:Outside New York City
1644:National Park Service
1624:Contributing property
1287:(Searchable database)
983:National Park Service
821:was converted into a
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199:43 acres (17 ha)
180:40.96667°N 73.88778°W
1833:New York (Manhattan)
1489:"The Temple of Love"
1462:Seebohm (2020), p.79
1273:Seebohm (2020), p.13
1206:Seebohm (2020), p.65
1197:Seebohm (2020), p.64
1188:Seebohm (2020), p.63
1179:Seebphm (2020), p.62
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1138:Seebohm (2020), p.40
1111:Seebohm (2020), p.37
577:Open Space Institute
436:École des Beaux Arts
417:Building the gardens
357:, and sculptures by
353:, with fountains by
106:Show map of New York
2136:Bridges and tunnels
1528:"Rhododendron Walk"
1444:"The Walled Garden"
934:Informational notes
515:Ulric H. Ellerhusen
428:John D. Rockefeller
351:William W. Bosworth
216:William W. Bosworth
185:40.96667; -73.88778
176: /
151:945 North Broadway
1345:. October 29, 2013
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786:The Temple of Love
711:Attic architecture
687:Frederick G.R Roth
675:Corinthian columns
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314:with two opposing
285:Westchester County
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1634:Historic district
1005:Backyard Gardener
985:. March 13, 2009.
923:in the background
829:Rhododendron Walk
622:mentioned in the
430:'s, whose estate
336:Temple of the Sky
281:Yonkers, New York
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254:Significant dates
153:Yonkers, New York
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293:Samuel Untermyer
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1115:
1110:
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1042:
1027:
1023:. July 6, 20018
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722:Great Lion Gate
602:
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562:David Berkowitz
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110:
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102:
80:
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62:
53:
44:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2258:
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2146:
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2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2071:59th–110th St.
2068:
2063:
2061:Below 14th St.
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:New York City
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
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1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
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1875:
1870:
1865:
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1855:
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1845:
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1825:
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1815:
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1800:
1795:
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1705:
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1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1649:Property types
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1604:
1602:
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1594:
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1573:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1559:External links
1557:
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1519:
1506:
1493:
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1406:
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1330:
1305:This includes
1275:
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1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
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1152:
1140:
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927:
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906:
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878:
871:
869:
862:
855:
851:
848:
842:
839:
830:
827:
810:
807:
794:
791:
777:Stanford White
762:Japanese cedar
741:
738:
734:lotus blossoms
679:Alabama marble
601:
598:
592:
589:
552:
549:
543:Isadora Duncan
535:chrysanthemums
470:
463:
462:
455:
448:
447:
446:
445:
444:
418:
415:
378:
375:
322:; a classical
272:
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31:
26:
24:
18:Untermyer Park
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
2257:
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2147:
2145:
2144:New York City
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Niagara Falls
2088:
2082:
2081:Minor islands
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2066:14th–59th St.
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Staten Island
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2007:
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1966:
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1946:
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1934:
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1926:
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1921:
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1916:
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1911:
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1886:
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1553:9781604698572
1550:
1546:
1542:
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1540:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:"Ruin Garden"
1510:
1507:
1503:
1497:
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1477:
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1343:Atlas Obscura
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1310:
1304:
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1254:9780393706260
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1246:
1239:
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1230:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:9781603540315
1098:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1002:
995:
993:
989:
984:
980:
979:
974:
968:
966:
964:
960:
956:
955:
943:
940:
936:
935:
928:
922:
915:
910:
903:
898:
891:
886:
882:
875:
870:
866:
859:
854:
849:
847:
840:
838:
836:
828:
826:
824:
820:
816:
808:
806:
802:
800:
792:
790:
784:
780:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
739:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
703:Ionic columns
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
681:topped by an
680:
676:
672:
663:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:
611:
607:
600:Walled Garden
599:
597:
590:
588:
586:
580:
578:
573:
571:
565:
563:
557:
550:
548:
545:
544:
540:
536:
530:
526:
524:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
494:
490:
487:
486:
473:
467:
458:
452:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
416:
414:
411:
406:
404:
400:
395:
393:
383:
376:
374:
371:
369:
363:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Ionic columns
317:
313:
309:
306:
302:
301:Walled Garden
298:
294:
290:
289:New York City
286:
282:
278:
270:June 23, 1980
269:
265:
261:
259:Added to NRHP
257:
252:
248:
241:
238:
235:
228:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
139:
118:
93:
83:
74:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
40:
36:
30:
19:
2100:Poughkeepsie
2028:New Rochelle
1928:St. Lawrence
1544:
1538:Bibliography
1537:
1536:
1526:Staff (ndg)
1522:
1513:Staff (ndg)
1509:
1500:Staff {ndg}
1496:
1487:Staff (ndg)
1483:
1474:Staff (ndg)
1442:Staff (ndg)
1426:Staff (ndg)
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1342:
1333:
1325:
1315:. Retrieved
1302:
1294:. Retrieved
1278:
1269:
1260:
1244:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:Staff (ndg)
1134:
1125:Staff (ndg)
1107:
1092:
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1068:
1043:Staff (ndg)
1020:
1013:
1004:
976:
953:
952:
942:
933:
932:
880:
865:Paul Manship
844:
835:rhododendron
832:
812:
803:
796:
789:
770:
756:in Italy at
754:Villa d'Este
743:
715:
699:Paul Manship
697:sculpted by
668:
655:
648:Tree of Life
613:
603:
594:
581:
574:
566:
558:
554:
546:
531:
527:
519:
495:
491:
483:
480:
420:
407:
403:horticulture
396:
388:
372:
364:
359:Paul Manship
348:
312:amphitheater
305:Indo-Persian
297:Hudson River
276:
275:
262:May 31, 1974
249:11940.000003
243:NYSRHP
29:
2129:Other lists
1978:Westchester
1908:Schenectady
1703:Cattaraugus
1476:"The Vista"
867:'s sphinxes
819:root cellar
750:Renaissance
683:entablature
606:crenellated
499:crenellated
397:Politician
207:c.1916-1940
183: /
159:Coordinates
2204:Categories
1968:Washington
1888:Rensselaer
1823:Montgomery
1808:Livingston
1713:Chautauqua
929:References
171:73°53′16″W
2110:Rochester
2105:Rhinebeck
2095:Peekskill
2056:Manhattan
1913:Schoharie
1793:Jefferson
1676:by county
1399:April 22,
1074:April 22,
954:Citations
758:Lake Como
718:Mycenaean
671:tempietto
644:Euphrates
585:Wave Hill
572:in 1974.
507:Agra Fort
370:in 1974.
344:Palisades
212:Architect
168:40°58′0″N
2169:Category
2115:Syracuse
2041:Brooklyn
1988:Southern
1983:Northern
1953:Tompkins
1943:Sullivan
1918:Schuyler
1903:Saratoga
1898:Rockland
1848:Onondaga
1788:Herkimer
1783:Hamilton
1763:Franklin
1748:Dutchess
1743:Delaware
1738:Cortland
1733:Columbia
1723:Chenango
1688:Allegany
1610:New York
1374:July 30,
1349:July 30,
1091:(1940)
695:sphinxes
677:made of
650:and the
642:and the
626:and the
615:charbagh
474:(c.1915)
324:pavilion
316:sphinxes
237:74002263
148:Location
2120:Yonkers
2023:Buffalo
2011:by city
1995:Wyoming
1938:Suffolk
1933:Steuben
1863:Orleans
1853:Ontario
1838:Niagara
1813:Madison
1773:Genesee
1728:Clinton
1718:Chemung
1317:July 1,
1296:July 1,
863:One of
850:Gallery
766:cypress
591:Gardens
511:Artemis
377:History
332:loggias
308:gardens
225:various
2046:Queens
2018:Albany
1963:Warren
1958:Ulster
1923:Seneca
1883:Queens
1878:Putnam
1873:Otsego
1868:Oswego
1858:Orange
1843:Oneida
1828:Nassau
1818:Monroe
1778:Greene
1768:Fulton
1708:Cayuga
1698:Broome
1683:Albany
1617:Topics
1551:
1252:
1099:
881:loggia
823:grotto
746:loggia
730:Tiryns
726:fresco
656:jannah
640:Tigris
638:, the
634:, the
624:Qur'an
539:tulips
503:stucco
459:(1932)
432:Kykuit
79:(2020)
2036:Bronx
2009:Lists
2000:Yates
1973:Wayne
1948:Tioga
1803:Lewis
1758:Essex
1693:Bronx
1674:Lists
1312:(PDF)
1303:Note:
799:folly
636:Gihon
632:Pison
628:Bible
204:Built
2179:List
1753:Erie
1549:ISBN
1401:2019
1376:2023
1351:2023
1323:and
1319:2016
1298:2016
1250:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1076:2019
752:era
691:stoa
620:Eden
537:and
513:by
338:. A
330:and
328:stoa
326:; a
196:Area
1608:in
705:of
612:or
283:in
245:No.
232:No.
2206::
1467:^
1451:^
1435:^
1409:^
1392:.
1367:.
1341:.
1289:.
1155:^
1143:^
1116:^
1067:.
1052:^
1028:^
1003:.
991:^
981:.
975:.
962:^
779:.
736:.
713:.
517:.
346:.
1598:e
1591:t
1584:v
1403:.
1378:.
1353:.
1321:.
1300:.
1078:.
1007:.
883:s
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
