43:
531:
In many such languages, obstruents are realized as voiced in voiced environments, such as between vowels or between a vowel and a nasal, and voiceless elsewhere, such as at the beginning or end of the word or next to another obstruent. That is the case in
Dravidian and Australian languages and in
547:
Thus, Polynesian stops are reported to be held for longer than
Australian stops and are seldom voiced, but Australian stops are prone to having voiced variants (L&M 1996:53), and the languages are often represented as having no phonemically voiceless consonants at all.
544:). In others, such as many Australian languages, voicing ceases during the hold of a stop (few Australian languages have any other kind of obstruent) because airflow is insufficient to sustain it, and if the vocal folds open, that is only from passive relaxation.
555:, when stops occur at the end of a word, they are voiceless because the glottis is closed, not open, so they are said to be unphonated (have no phonation) by some phoneticians, who considered "breathed" voicelessness to be a phonation.
535:
It appears that voicelessness is not a single phenomenon in such languages. In some, such as the
Polynesian languages, the vocal folds are required to actively open to allow an unimpeded (silent) airstream, which is sometimes called a
532:
Korean but not in
Mandarin or Polynesian. Usually, the variable sounds are transcribed with the voiceless IPA letters, but for Australian languages, the letters for voiced consonants are often used.
645:
362:
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is pronounced and may sound like to an
English speaker, but the lips can be seen to compress for the . Something similar happens in
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that are voiced in most of the world's languages. However, in some languages sonorants may be voiceless, usually
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Contrastively voiceless vowels have been reported several times without ever being verified (L&M 1996:315).
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162:, which contrasts with other states of the larynx, but some object that the word phonation implies
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760:
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294:
237:. In Russian use of the IPA, the voicing diacritic may be turned for voicelessness, e.g. ⟨
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225:. Diacritics are typically used with letters for prototypically voiced sounds, such as
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Sonorants may also be contrastively, not just environmentally, voiceless.
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504:(stops, affricates, and fricatives). This is the case in nearly all
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This article is about the linguistics concept. For other uses, see
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Many languages lack a distinction between voiced and voiceless
293:
Voiceless vowels are also an areal feature in languages of the
36:
664:
590:
Jerold
Edmondson, John Esling, Jimmy Harris, and James Wei,
154:
is the property of sounds being pronounced without the
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consonants have no underlyingly voiceless consonants.
361:, which sounds similar to but is less noisy than the
844:
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133:
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592:"A phonetic study of the Sui consonants and tones"
173:(IPA) has distinct letters for many voiceless and
185:. Also, there are diacritics for voicelessness,
166:and that voicelessness is the lack of phonation.
27:Consonant pronounced without the larynx vibrating
577:E.g. Bondarko, Verbickaja & Gordina (1991)
376:. Welsh contrasts several voiceless sonorants:
508:, and is widespread elsewhere, for example in
454:). The last two have palatalized counterparts
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8:
158:vibrating. Phonologically, it is a type of
721:
716:
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687:
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87:Learn how and when to remove this message
623:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50:This article includes a list of general
570:
496:Lack of voicing contrast in obstruents
98:
372:; it contrasts with a modally voiced
7:
344:, which instead delete it outright.
245:Voiceless vowels and other sonorants
647:The Sounds of the World's Languages
540:phonation (not to be confused with
221:, which is used for letters with a
317:, where they are present in Numic
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
581:St. Petersburg University Press.
392:, the last represented by "rh".
41:
351:, for example, has a voiceless
171:International Phonetic Alphabet
252:are sounds such as vowels and
1:
401:voiceless palatal approximant
711:states (from open to closed)
363:voiceless lateral fricative
340:, in contrast to the other
899:
32:Voiceless (disambiguation)
29:
719:
702:
177:pairs of consonants (the
829:Harsh/ventricular voice
579:Osnovy obščej fonetiki.
71:more precise citations.
845:Non-phonemic phonation
788:(restricted airstream)
650:. Oxford: Blackwell.
342:Micronesian languages
837:(epiglottal trilled)
526:Polynesian languages
506:Australian languages
336:. It also occurs in
219:COMBINING RING ABOVE
201:COMBINING RING BELOW
791:(blocked airstream)
782:(maximum vibration)
621:A Grammar of Yidiny
472:⟨рьх⟩
260:. For example, the
231:sonorant consonants
597:2009-02-05 at the
399:, there is even a
295:American Southwest
18:Unvoiced consonant
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602:Mon–Khmer Studies
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16:(Redirected from
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823:Faucalized voice
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769:(full airstream)
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542:breathy voice
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424:) along with
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751:Creaky voice
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432:(written as
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406:(written in
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321:but also in
315:Great Plains
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55:
831:("pressed")
756:Glottalized
746:Stiff voice
741:Modal voice
736:Slack voice
476:Kildin Sami
313:), and the
307:Great Basin
274:words like
181:), such as
148:linguistics
77:August 2008
69:introducing
825:("hollow")
619:. (1977).
565:References
502:obstruents
328:, and the
323:Algonquian
241:⟩.
179:obstruents
128:̥
52:references
883:Phonation
816:phonation
761:Ballistic
696:Phonation
478:has also
468:х⟩
464:⟨л
449:х⟩
438:х⟩
332:language
250:Sonorants
223:descender
160:phonation
123:(decimal)
102:Voiceless
877:Category
857:Falsetto
794:(fortis)
772:(murmur,
644:(1996).
595:Archived
538:breathed
524:and the
522:Estonian
487:⟩
483:⟨
445:⟨
434:⟨
419:⟩
412:⟨
408:Cyrillic
338:Woleaian
326:Cheyenne
319:Comanche
267:sukiyaki
262:Japanese
215:◌̊
197:◌̥
183:,,,,,and
134:Unicode
116:Encoding
862:Vibrato
852:Whisper
731:Breathy
709:Glottal
334:Arikara
330:Caddoan
305:), the
272:English
164:voicing
121:Entity
65:improve
726:Breath
654:
607::47–66
559:Yidiny
518:Danish
514:Korean
397:Moksha
390:/r,r̥/
388:, and
386:/ŋ,ŋ̊/
382:/n,n̥/
378:/m,m̥/
297:(like
280:culiar
254:nasals
227:vowels
211:
193:
156:larynx
140:U+0325
54:, but
460:/r̥ʲ/
456:/l̥ʲ/
370:Welsh
358:Lhasa
303:Keres
264:word
136:(hex)
652:ISBN
480:/j̊/
470:and
458:and
443:and
430:/r̥/
428:and
426:/l̥/
404:/j̊/
353:/l̥/
301:and
299:Hopi
288:tato
282:and
229:and
209:030A
203:and
191:0325
169:The
551:In
474:).
410:as
395:In
374:/l/
368:in
366:/ɬ/
355:in
146:In
879::
640:;
605:34
528:.
520:,
516:,
512:,
489:.
452:rh
441:lh
422:jh
384:,
380:,
290:.
235:,,
233::
207:U+
189:U+
150:,
109:◌̥
688:e
681:t
674:v
660:.
485:ҋ
466:ь
462:(
447:р
436:л
417:х
414:й
286:o
284:p
278:e
276:p
239:ṋ
90:)
84:(
79:)
75:(
61:.
34:.
20:)
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