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585:, after his ascension to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, conducted his affairs in the Royal Palace as well as in Vilnius Cathedral. During the rule of Sigismund I the palace was greatly expanded, to meet new needs of the Grand Duke – another wing was added, as well as a third floor; the gardens were also extended. By contemporary accounts the palace was worth 100,000
930:, 100,000 people gathered at the Castle Complex as the flag was re-hoisted. The tower and the hill, with the flag raised at its summit, are symbols of Lithuania's statehood and its struggle for independence, echoing a long tradition whereby sovereignty over the city was demonstrated by the flag flown there.
866:
and this work was continued by his son
Sigismund II Augustus. During a 16th-century reconstruction a new wing was built; in the mid-16th century and at the beginning of the 17th century, two more wings were built. According to contemporary accounts, the Old Arsenal at that time housed about 180 heavy
423:
and
Vytautas assumed the title of Grand Duke. During his reign the Upper Castle underwent its most notable redevelopment. After a major fire in 1419, Vytautas initiated a reconstruction of the Upper Castle, along with the fortification of other buildings in the complex. The present-day remains of the
933:
After preservation work was completed at the
Gediminas Tower in 1968, it became a branch of the National Museum of Lithuania. The first floor of the tower exhibits photographs taken in Vilnius during the 19th and 20th centuries and models of historic Vilnius and the Castle Complex. The second floor
925:
by the construction of a lift. It ascends about 70 meters during the 30-second ride, and holds sixteen passengers. Atop the tower, on 1 January 1919, the
Lithuanian tricolor was hoisted for the first time. To commemorate this event, 1 January is now Flag Day, and the Lithuanian flag is ceremonially
552:
palace stood there as well. The stone Royal Palace was built in the 15th century, apparently after the major fire in 1419. The existing stone buildings and defensive structures of the Lower Castle, which blocked the construction, were demolished. The Royal Palace was built in Gothic style. The Keep
687:
After the
Russian invasion in 1655, the state began weakening, with negative effects on the Royal Palace. The palace was greatly damaged by war, and its treasures were plundered. After the recapture of the city of Vilnius in 1660-1661, the palace was no longer a suitable state residence, and stood
502:
The Castle
Complex has been inhabited since Neolithic times. Prior to the 13th century, its structures were built from wood. In the 13–14th centuries defensive walls, towers and gateways were built from stone; these were reorganized and expanded several times. The only freestanding structures that
949:
departments, as well as the Museum of
Applied Art. The museum contains about one million artifacts, covering a wide historic spectrum. Its collection includes pieces from Lithuania's prehistoric era, coins used throughout Lithuania's history, and a wide variety of artifacts dating from the
920:
Gediminas Tower is a dominant and distinctive object in the skyline of the old city. An observation platform at its summit affords a panoramic view of
Vilnius. In 2003, as part of the celebrations surrounding the 750th anniversary of the coronation of Mindaugas, the tower was made more
296:
times. The hill was strengthened with defensive wooden walls that were fortified with stone in the 9th century. Around the 10th century a wooden castle was built, and since about the 13th century the hilltop has been surrounded by stone walls with towers. During the rule of
424:
Upper Castle date from this era. Vytautas had spent about four years with the
Teutonic Order during the civil war. He had the opportunity to study the architecture of the castles of the Teutonic Order and adopt some of their elements in his residence in Vilnius.
878:. The building, which was used to house soldiers, is well preserved. Its outer wall was part of the defensive wall system. During the 16th century its tower guided ships in the Neris river. The arsenal also occasionally contained castle administrative offices.
784:
were added. During this period the cathedral acquired architectural features associated with the
Renaissance. After a fire in 1610, it was rebuilt once again, and the two front towers were added. It was renovated and decorated several more times.
470:
After the 16th century, the Upper Castle was not maintained, and it suffered from neglect. Until the early 17th century, a prison for noblemen was located in the Upper Castle. It was used as a fortress for the last time during the invasion of the
536:
The Grand Ducal Palace in the Lower Castle evolved over the years and prospered during the 16th and mid-17th centuries. For four centuries the Palace was the political, administrative and cultural center of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
688:
abandoned for about 150 years. In the late 18th century, after the fall of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, several families lived in parts of the ruined palace. Soon after the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was incorporated into the
692:, Tsarist officials ordered the demolition of the remaining sections of the Royal Palace. The Palace was almost completely demolished by the early 19th century. The bricks of former palace had been sold in 1799 to a merchant from
308:
253:
in 1390 and was never rebuilt. The Vilnius Castles were attacked several times by the Teutonic Order after 1390, but they did not succeed in taking the entire complex. Its complete capture occurred for the first time during the
771:, a second Gothic cathedral with five chapels was built. In 1419 the cathedral burned down. In its place Vytautas built a larger Gothic cathedral. In 1522, the cathedral was renovated, and written sources mentioned a
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style, and the church acquired its strict quadrangular shape. This design has survived to the present day. Between 1786 and 1792 three sculptures were placed on the roof - Saint Casimir on the south side,
775:
for the first time. The bell tower was built on the site of a defensive tower of the Lower Castle around the 15th century. After a fire in 1530, the cathedral was rebuilt again, and from 1534 to 1557 more
403:
At the time of the 1390 attack, the Complex consisted of three sections - the Upper, Lower and Crooked Castles. The Teutonic Knights managed to take and destroy the Crooked Castle, situated on Bleak Hill
388:, commanded by their Grand Master. At times during the civil war, Vytautas supported the Orders' attacks on the castles, having struck an alliance with them in his quest for the title of
927:
862:– the so-called New and Old - during its history. The Old Arsenal was established in the 15th century, during the rule of Vytautas the Great. It was expanded during the reign of
412:), but failed to capture the others. During the 1394 attack, the Vilnius Castles were besieged for over three weeks, and one of its defense towers was damaged and fell into the
842:
The cathedral was converted to secular uses during the 1950s. Its re-dedication as a church in the late 1980s was celebrated as a turning point in modern Lithuanian history.
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1847:
Ragauskienė, R.; Antanavičius, D.; Burba, D.; ir kt. Vilniaus žemutinė pilis XIV a. – XIX a. pradžioje: 2002–2004 m. istorinių šaltinių paieškos. Vilnius. 2006
634:'s emissary, the Royal Palace at that time contained more treasures than the Vatican. Sigismund II also assembled one of the largest collection of books in Europe.
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in 1365, 1375, 1377, 1383, 1390, 1392, 1394 and 1402, but was never completely taken. The most damaging assaults were led by the Teutonic Order marshals
1200:
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572:, moved his residence to the Royal Palace, where he met with ambassadors. He ordered the renovation of the palace. After his marriage to a daughter of
352:. As Vilnius evolved into one of the most important cities in the state, it became a primary military target. The Castle Complex was attacked by the
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for more than two centuries. The Orders were seeking to conquer Lithuania, stating that their motivation was the conversion of pagan Lithuanians to
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204:; 10. Palace garden; 11. The New Arsenal, currently a museum; 12. Northeastern tower and gates of the Old Arsenal; 13. Yard of Old Arsenal
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During the rule of Vasas, several notable ceremonies took place in the palace, including the wedding of Duke John, who later became King
618:
was crowned Grand Duke of Lithuania in the Royal Palace. Augustus carried on with palace development and lived there with his first wife
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One part of the castle complex, which was built on the top, is known as the Upper Castle. The hill on which it is built is known as the
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2311:
725:
596:
600:
289:, whose made over flat top is an oval of sizes 40–48 meters (130–160 ft) in height and around 160 meters (170 yards) in length.
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annexation, several historic buildings were demolished; many more were damaged during the fortress construction in the 19th century.
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1934:
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494:, remains standing. It is a symbol of Vilnius and of Lithuania. Only a few remnants of the castle's keep and other towers survived.
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238:, Lithuania. The buildings, which evolved between the 10th and 18th centuries, were one of Lithuania's major defensive structures.
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hall, on the second floor, was the largest hall (10 x 30 m) within the complex; it was a little smaller than the hall of the
913:
2147:
1953:
376:. Many noblemen from Western Europe participated in this military campaign, including Henry, Earl of Derby, the future king
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1439:
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Several notable historic figures are entombed in the cathedral's crypts, including Vytautas the Great (1430), his brother
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483:
army managed to recapture Vilnius and the castles. Afterwards the Upper Castle stood abandoned and was not reconstructed.
1902:
1815:
703:(Lithuanian Parliament) passed a law in 2000 resolving that the Royal Palace be rebuilt for ceremonies commemorating the
2334:
2168:
968:
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1742:
1012:
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455:(10 x 21 m). Reconstruction of the castle ended in 1422. The state had made plans to host the coronation of the
258:. Soon afterwards, the severely damaged castles lost their importance, and many buildings were abandoned. During the
528:
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in Lithuania was staged in the palace in 1634. Marco Scacchi and Virgilio Puccitelli were the opera's impresarios.
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style in the 16th century. The plan was prepared by several Italian architects, including Giovanni Cini da Siena,
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201:
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1992:
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formed a complex and stood side by side during the centuries, but the two buildings have different histories.
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2415:
2195:
2142:
1973:
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The New Arsenal was established in one of the oldest castle buildings in the 18th century, by order of the
2030:
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Other surviving buildings at the Castle Complex house offices of the National Museum of Lithuania and its
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raised at the tower, as well as elsewhere in Lithuania. On 7 October 1988, during Lithuania's drive to
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45:
1983:
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321:
259:
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1858:
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661:. Matteo Castello, Giacopo Tencalla, and other artists participated in the 17th-century renovation.
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1968:
1790:
582:
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436:
405:
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302:
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897:; some sections were restored after World War II and in 1987 and 1997. The arsenals now house the
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is a major symbol of the city of Vilnius and of the nation itself. Annually, on 1 January, the
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2015:
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The two principal buildings of the Lower Castle are the Royal Palace and Vilnius Cathedral.
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2010:
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17:
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had three wings; research suggests that it was a two-story building with a basement.
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193:
1715:"Chronology of Seminal Events Preceding the Declaration of Lithuania's Independence"
1591:
894:
768:
741:
231:
1683:
Political construction sites: nation-building in Russia and the post-Soviet states
273:
is hoisted on Gediminas Tower to commemorate Flag Day. The complex is part of the
2035:
951:
946:
749:
645:, and others. The palace was visited by Ippolito Aldobrandini, who later became
638:
608:
413:
349:
1443:
938:, along with authentic weaponry used from the 13th through the 18th centuries.
241:
The complex consisted of three castles: the Upper, the Lower, and the Crooked (
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2000:
942:
772:
752:
was worshipped at this location. It has been proposed that King of Lithuania,
704:
693:
554:
487:
459:
Vytautas the Great in the castle, which were disrupted by his untimely death.
2282:
2269:
1714:
2329:
753:
669:
593:
298:
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36:
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in the center. These sculptures were removed in 1950 and restored in 1997.
760:. After Mindaugas' death in 1263, the cathedral reverted to the worship of
462:
174:
1565:
226:) is a group of cultural, and historic structures on the left bank of the
2025:
1863:. Vilniaus Žemutinės pilies rūmai (1996-1998 metų tyrimai). Vilnius. 2003
1718:
890:
859:
631:
576:
553:
of the Upper Castle, as well as the Royal Palace, were meant to host the
472:
187:); 2. Southern tower (foundations remain); 3. Castle Keep (ruins remain)
1291:
Lithuania Ascending a pagan empire within east-central Europe, 1295-1345
2080:
1943:
1896:
1106:
654:
541:
373:
235:
934:
exhibits flags that were used by Vytautas the Great's army during the
630:, also lived in the palace. According to contemporary accounts of the
777:
700:
569:
558:
549:
381:
148:
419:
The civil war between Vytautas and Jogaila was resolved by the 1392
626:. She was buried in Vilnius Cathedral. Sigismund II's second wife,
479:, a foreign army captured the entire complex. Six years later, the
908:
880:
849:
799:
In 1783, the cathedral was reconstructed according to a design by
787:
781:
745:
724:
681:
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586:
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461:
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317:
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227:
1172:
Memory and the impact of political transformation in public space
1040:"Lietuvos pilys ir jų panaudojimo kultūriniam turizmui galimybės"
603:. In this palace Sigismund the Old welcomed an emissary from the
1228:(in Lithuanian). Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus. 31 October 2019
889:
During Tsarist rule, both arsenals housed soldiers and military
440:
292:
Archaeological data shows that the site has been occupied since
2300:
1916:
649:. Another major development took place during the reign of the
1907:
954:
and later. About 250,000 tourists visit the museum annually.
439:
style with glazed green tiling on its roof. The Upper Castle
1908:
The Association of Castles and Museums around the Baltic Sea
1225:
827:(1452), Saint Casimir (1484), Alexander (1506), and two of
2481:
Objects listed in Lithuanian Registry of Cultural Property
1912:
756:, built the original cathedral in 1251 as the site of his
589:. The palace reconstruction plan was probably prepared by
200:; 7. Palace of Supreme Tribunal; 8. Palace of bishops; 9.
1889:
Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Valdovų rūmų radiniai
532:
Ruins of the ducal palace, drawn in the late 18th century
451:, and much larger than the hall at the Duke's Palace in
767:
In 1387, the year that Lithuania formally converted to
1614:
Teutonic Knights: From the Holy Land to the Baltic Sea
680:, and Sigismund Augustus' sister Catherine. The first
1203:. Lithuanian Department of Statistics. Archived from
305:
city; in 1323, the castle was improved and expanded.
2209:
2156:
2125:
2109:
1991:
1959:
1252:
Lietuvos istorijos vadovėlis/Lietuvos valdovų rūmai
154:
144:
136:
128:
120:
110:
101:
89:
81:
73:
68:
60:
55:
29:
1369:Tannenberg 1410. Disaster for the Teutonic Knights
599:, who also designed several other projects in the
579:, the royal couple lived and died in the palace.
490:. At this time, only the western tower, known as
221:
2201:Martynas Mažvydas National Library of Lithuania
1501:
1499:
1169:Daniel J. Walkowitz, Lisa Maya Knauer (2004).
316:of the ruins of the Vilnius Upper Castle with
2312:
1928:
893:. The buildings suffered major damage during
503:remain intact are those at the Lower Castle.
486:The complex suffered major damage during the
277:, one of the largest museums in the country.
249:). The Crooked Castle was burned down by the
8:
653:. The Royal Palace was refurbished in early
1466:Lietuvos istorijos vadovėlis/Vilniaus pilys
1131:. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 104.
196:); 5. Road and bridge to Tiltas Street; 6.
2319:
2305:
2297:
1935:
1921:
1913:
1636:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1488:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1391:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1352:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1313:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1274:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1151:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1087:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
540:In the 13th and 14th centuries there were
26:
1875:Budreika E. Lietuvos pilys. Vilnius. 1971
1586:
1584:
1582:
1245:
1243:
1107:"Vilniaus Žemutinės pilies Valdovų rūmai"
1033:
1031:
1029:
1530:
1528:
1100:
1098:
1058:
1056:
544:structures within the palace site; some
173:
2476:Castles of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
2191:Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre
1869:Drėma V. Dingęs Vilnius. Vilnius. 1991.
1809:
1807:
1741:Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus (2006).
1709:
1707:
1067:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius. p. 326.
1011:Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus (2006).
1006:
1004:
1000:
2186:Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
1814:Lituvos nacionalinis muziejus (2006).
1649:
1647:
1629:
1559:
1557:
1481:
1384:
1345:
1332:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius. p. 42.
1306:
1267:
1164:
1162:
1144:
1080:
901:and the National Museum of Lithuania.
516:Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania
435:The Upper Castle was reconstructed in
2254:Vilnius Palace of Concerts and Sports
1736:
1734:
1408:"Lithuanian Prose and Decolonization"
1371:. Osprey Publishing Ltd. p. 19.
1038:Lietuvos muziejų asocijacija (2004).
1013:"XIV-XVII a. Vilniaus pilių istorija"
153:
143:
135:
127:
119:
109:
100:
7:
1564:Valdovų Rūmų paramos fondas (2002).
475:in 1655, when for the first time in
230:River, near its confluence with the
85:For defense from 10th-17th centuries
2461:Buildings and structures in Vilnius
2164:Vilnius International French Lyceum
1616:. Xlibris Corporation. p. 33.
1129:Language Policy in the Soviet Union
858:The Vilnius Castle Complex had two
399:Remaining tower of the Upper Castle
192:: 4. Gates and bridge to the city (
597:Bartolomeo Berrecci da Pontassieve
557:of Vytautas the Great. The Gothic
25:
2222:Lithuanian National Drama Theatre
2429:
2328:
1982:
1952:
1656:"Senieji kultūriniai sluoksniai"
914:Gediminas Hill Funicular Railway
637:The palace was remodeled in the
624:Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
466:The keep and panorama of the top
366:Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)
44:
2148:Vilnius Airport railway station
1658:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1539:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1535:Lithuanian Art Museum. (1997).
1510:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1442:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1406:Samalavičius, Almantas (2006).
758:baptism into the Christian rite
707:since the first mention of the
77:Parts of castle in 10th century
1763:Museum of Applied Art (2006).
740:There is evidence that in pre-
607:, who introduced Sigismund to
332:Remains of Upper Castle's Keep
1:
1592:"History of the Royal Palace"
1410:. In Violeta Kelertas (ed.).
1250:Kuncevičius, Albinas (2003).
928:re-establish its independence
346:war with the Christian Orders
2471:History museums in Lithuania
2169:Vilnius International School
1791:"Į Gedimino kalną - keltuvu"
969:List of castles in Lithuania
611:, his second wife, in 1517.
564:The Grand Duke of Lithuania
358:Engelhard Rabe von Wildstein
275:National Museum of Lithuania
2456:Military history of Vilnius
1903:3D model of Gediminas Tower
1464:Jovaiša, Eugenijus (2003).
1330:Lietuvos valstybės istorija
964:Cathedral Square in Vilnius
733:The grand ducal palace and
568:, who later became King of
524:Model of Grand Ducal Palace
498:History of the Lower Castle
447:Palace (15 x 30 m) in
301:Vilnius was designated the
281:History of the Upper Castle
2497:
1654:Lietuvos dailės muziejus.
1506:Lietuvos Dailės muziejus.
1468:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius.
1367:Turnbull, Stephen (2003).
1328:Kiaupa, Zigmantas (2004).
1254:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius.
718:
513:
104:UNESCO World Heritage Site
2427:
2341:
1980:
1950:
1537:"Lithuanian Ducal Palace"
1293:. Cambridge. p. 72.
1127:Grenoble, Lenore (2003).
872:Grand Hetman of Lithuania
657:style during the rule of
218:Vilniaus pilių kompleksas
168:
164:
132:Cultural: (ii), (iv)
97:
64:Lithuania, Russia, Sweden
43:
34:
1594:. Castle Research Center
1566:"Lietuvos Valdovų Rūmai"
1063:Šapoka, Adolfas (1989).
668:Grand Ducal Palace with
431:The remains of the keep.
178:Vilnius Castle in 1740:
2196:Vilnius Academy of Arts
2143:Vilnius railway station
1508:"Arkikatedros požemiai"
1414:. Rodopi. p. 420.
390:Grand Duke of Lithuania
2237:Vilnius Castle Complex
1412:Baltic Postcolonialism
1289:Rowell, C. S. (1994).
917:
886:
855:
796:
730:
673:
643:Bernardino de Gianotis
533:
525:
467:
432:
409:
400:
344:Pagan Lithuania waged
341:
333:
325:
256:1655 Battle of Vilnius
246:
222:
217:
210:Vilnius Castle Complex
205:
50:Vilnius Castle Complex
30:Vilnius Castle Complex
18:Upper Castle (Vilnius)
1436:Napaleonas Kitkauskas
1179:. pp. 174, 175.
1177:Duke University Press
912:
899:Museum of Applied Art
884:
853:
833:Elisabeth of Habsburg
791:
728:
667:
616:Sigismund II Augustus
531:
523:
465:
430:
398:
362:Konrad von Wallenrode
339:
331:
311:
265:Today, the remaining
177:
2451:Castles in Lithuania
2335:Castles in Lithuania
1897:Zamek Górny w Wilnie
1816:"Muziejaus istorija"
1612:Danes, Lois (2004).
1440:"Italy in Lithuania"
620:Elisabeth of Austria
453:Trakai Island Castle
340:Upper Castle remains
322:Columns of Gediminas
183:: 1. Western tower (
2279: /
2138:Vilnius bus station
1789:XXI amžius (2003).
1743:"Senasis arsenalas"
1680:Pål Kolstø (2000).
905:Modern developments
823:(1440), his cousin
801:Laurynas Gucevičius
583:Sigismund I the Old
574:Moscow's Grand Duke
378:Henry IV of England
364:in 1390 during the
320:(Waykimas) and the
271:Lithuanian tricolor
93:Stone, bricks, wood
2466:Museums in Vilnius
2174:Vilnius University
2046:Aukštieji Paneriai
1201:"Visiting Vilnius"
936:Battle of Grunwald
918:
887:
856:
812:on the north, and
797:
731:
678:John III of Sweden
674:
659:Sigismund III Vasa
622:, daughter of the
534:
526:
510:Grand Ducal Palace
477:Lithuanian history
468:
433:
401:
370:Vytautas the Great
342:
334:
326:
314:Juozas Kamarauskas
206:
145:Reference no.
61:Controlled by
2438:
2437:
2283:54.687°N 25.290°E
2262:
2261:
1765:"The Old Arsenal"
1697:978-0-8133-3752-4
1421:978-90-420-1959-1
1186:978-0-8223-3364-7
1065:Lietuvos istorija
864:Sigismund the Old
837:Barbara Radziwiłł
735:Vilnius Cathedral
729:Vilnius Cathedral
721:Vilnius Cathedral
715:Vilnius Cathedral
709:name of Lithuania
647:Pope Clement VIII
628:Barbara Radziwill
605:Holy Roman Empire
601:Kingdom of Poland
481:Polish–Lithuanian
421:Astrava Agreement
198:Vilnius Cathedral
172:
171:
16:(Redirected from
2488:
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2416:Trakai Peninsula
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2247:Cathedral Square
2242:Vilnius Old Town
2217:Gediminas Avenue
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979:Vilnius Dungeons
916:, opened in 2003
829:Sigismund August
810:Saint Stanislaus
614:Sigismund's son
386:Livonian Knights
251:Teutonic Knights
225:
115:Vilnius Old Town
56:Site information
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27:
21:
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2105:
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1957:
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1941:
1893:
1886:(in Lithuanian)
1885:
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1873:(in Lithuanian)
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1856:
1854:Urbanavičius V.
1851:(in Lithuanian)
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1105:Voruta (2003).
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848:
846:Castle Arsenals
723:
717:
548:believe that a
518:
512:
500:
492:Gediminas Tower
457:proclaimed king
410:Plikasis kalnas
372:and his cousin
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267:Gediminas Tower
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185:Gediminas Tower
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2041:Naujoji Vilnia
2038:
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2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
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1880:External links
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1803:
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1690:. p. 56.
1688:Westview Press
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719:Main article:
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690:Russian Empire
514:Main article:
511:
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445:Grand Master's
354:Teutonic Order
287:Gediminas Hill
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247:Kreivoji pilis
223:Vilniaus pilys
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1899:, Radzima.org
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1771:on 2011-07-19
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1662:on 2007-01-07
1661:
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1623:1-4134-6469-6
1619:
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1543:on 2006-12-05
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1514:on 2007-01-07
1513:
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1475:9986-9216-9-4
1471:
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1446:on 2007-01-21
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1300:0-521-45011-X
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1207:on 2009-02-27
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974:Pilies Street
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794:Saint Casimir
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546:archeologists
543:
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155:UNESCO region
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111:Official name
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42:
38:
33:
28:
19:
2420:
2386:Raudondvaris
2264:
2236:
2031:Naujamiestis
2021:Karoliniškės
2006:Fabijoniškės
1974:Great Seimas
1835:
1820:. Retrieved
1795:. Retrieved
1784:
1773:. Retrieved
1769:the original
1758:
1747:. Retrieved
1722:. Retrieved
1682:
1675:
1664:. Retrieved
1660:the original
1613:
1607:
1596:. Retrieved
1570:. Retrieved
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1516:. Retrieved
1512:the original
1465:
1459:
1448:. Retrieved
1444:the original
1430:
1411:
1401:
1368:
1362:
1329:
1323:
1290:
1284:
1251:
1230:. Retrieved
1220:
1209:. Retrieved
1205:the original
1195:
1171:
1128:
1122:
1111:. Retrieved
1064:
1044:. Retrieved
1017:. Retrieved
992:
940:
932:
919:
895:World War II
888:
869:
857:
841:
818:
814:Saint Helena
805:neoclassical
798:
769:Christianity
766:
739:
732:
698:
686:
675:
636:
613:
581:
563:
539:
535:
505:
501:
485:
469:
434:
418:
402:
343:
312:Painting by
291:
284:
264:
240:
232:Vilnia River
209:
207:
202:Royal Palace
190:Lower Castle
189:
181:Upper Castle
180:
69:Site history
2396:Rokantiškės
2376:Norviliškės
2346:Baltadvaris
2286: /
2227:Vilnius CBD
2091:Viršuliškės
2066:Senamiestis
2051:Pašilaičiai
2036:Naujininkai
2016:Justiniškės
1894:(in Polish)
1857: [
952:Middle Ages
947:numismatics
885:New Arsenal
854:Old Arsenal
835:(1545) and
825:Švitrigaila
744:times, the
651:Vasa family
639:Renaissance
609:Bona Sforza
414:Neris River
380:, with 300
350:Catholicism
82:In use
2445:Categories
2371:Medininkai
2274:25°17′24″E
2271:54°41′13″N
2110:Government
2001:Antakalnis
1993:Elderships
1822:2007-01-25
1797:2007-01-25
1775:2007-01-05
1749:2007-01-21
1724:2009-11-23
1666:2007-01-21
1598:2009-11-23
1572:2007-01-21
1547:2007-01-21
1518:2007-01-21
1450:2007-01-21
1226:"Muziejai"
1211:2009-11-22
1113:2007-01-05
1046:2007-01-05
1019:2007-01-05
985:References
943:archeology
923:accessible
831:'s wives:
792:Chapel of
773:bell tower
762:pagan gods
705:millennium
694:Kremenchug
555:coronation
488:World Wars
449:Marienburg
406:Lithuanian
384:, and the
243:Lithuanian
214:Lithuanian
137:Designated
2356:Dubingiai
2210:Landmarks
2157:Education
2126:Transport
2076:Šnipiškės
2011:Grigiškės
1632:cite book
1484:cite book
1387:cite book
1348:cite book
1309:cite book
1270:cite book
1147:cite book
1083:cite book
867:cannons.
821:Sigismund
754:Mindaugas
742:Christian
711:in 2009.
670:Gediminas
594:architect
566:Alexander
299:Gediminas
294:Neolithic
90:Materials
37:Lithuania
2401:Siesikai
2381:Panemunė
2366:Klaipėda
2179:template
2101:Žvėrynas
2096:Žirmūnai
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1969:Timeline
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993:In-line:
958:See also
891:materiel
860:arsenals
839:(1551).
750:Perkūnas
672:monument
632:Holy See
577:Ivan III
473:Russians
368:between
129:Criteria
124:Cultural
2421:Vilnius
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1961:History
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803:in the
778:chapels
655:Baroque
591:Italian
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260:Tsarist
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159:Europe
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1692:ISBN
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