1245:
98:
1296:
20:
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Compared with ditches, tunnels had the important advantage that the water flowing through them underground could not freeze up. The tunnels were laid primarily to short cut the long ditch runs around mountains. Such cuts also produced a steeper incline (shorter distances descending the same height
113:
and fears that tunnels running just under the surface would collapse or that the explosive would produce fissures in the rock causing water to leak away. Almost all water tunnels were driven by counter-heading. Until the 18th century the miners excavated tunnels by following the weakest rock; this
117:
The incline necessary to create a flow of water often amounted to less than 1% (in other words less than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) drop for every 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) of length). The profile of the older tunnels, that had been driven with hammer and chisel, was sometimes as small as
947:"Disused" refers to all those tunnels that are no longer in service. Some of these are completely preserved; others, however, have largely fallen into ruin. The following list makes no claim to being complete.
118:
1.20 m (3 ft 11 in) high and 0.80 m (2 ft 7 in) wide. The newer tunnels, however, were generally 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high and 1 m (3 ft 3 in) wide.
122:
difference have a steeper slope). This raised the flow velocity and hence the hydraulic capacity of the watercourse. The disadvantage of tunnels was the high investment cost of building them.
33:
114:
sometimes created a zigzag route that deviated significantly from the direct line. Not until the 19th century were tunnels driven in a strictly direct line using explosives.
89:
from the 16th century onwards. In the system of the Upper Harz Water Regale there are over 35 such tunnels with a total length of about 30 km (19 mi).
105:
Although explosives were already in use in the 17th century in the mines of the Upper Harz, tunnels continued to be hewn out by hand, that is with
1336:
1318:
1388:
987:
Dyke Ditch: Bypasses the
Dietrichsberg; became superfluous on the construction of the New Dietrichsberg Tunnel in 1863.
1383:
70:
106:
1278:
49:
483:
From the Middle
Kellerhals Pond to the New Kellerhals Ditch, later used in the course of the Zellerfeld Ditch
1263:
54:
1178:
Originally a gallery in the
Eisenstein mine; between 1767 and 1813 tunnel from the Polsterberg Pumpworks (
77:
refers to the underground element (i.e. the tunnels) of the network of watercourses used in the historic
1072:
Dyke Ditch: crosses the
Rothenberg; tunnel closed on the construction of the Rothenberg Tunnel in 1868.
1393:
1331:, Schriftenreihe der Frontinus-Gesellschaft (in German) (3rd ed.), Hildesheim: Harzwasserwerke,
392:
528:
81:
industry of the Upper Harz. This network of ditches and tunnels was used to supply the mines with
1273:
109:
for much longer. The reason was that there were difficulties in determining the right amount of
1365:
1332:
1314:
1268:
1094:
from the bottom outlet of the Crane Pond (Hahnenklee) to the Lower Raft Pond (Bockswiese)
37:
66:
1346:
1377:
78:
86:
130:
The working tunnels shown in this table follow the order in the latest listing by
1250:
62:
1258:
1240:
174:
97:
58:
1244:
110:
1283:
1230:
Links the
Kellerhals Pond, Kellerhals Tunnel to Bockswiese, Wäsche Ditch
131:
82:
1295:
505:
From the
Zellerfeld Ditch into the Jungfrau Ditch / Middle Zechen Pond
19:
822:"Lower Rosenhof Chute" from the Kl. Clausthal to the Rosenhof Mines
778:"Lower Rosenhof Chute" from the Johannistal to the Klein Clausthal
1294:
668:"Upper Rosenhof Chute" from Klein Clausthal to the Rosenhof Mines
96:
18:
690:"Lower Rosenhof Chute" from Ziegenberg Pond to the Schwarzenbach
461:
From the Johann
Friedrich Pond to the Dorothea Water Wheel Ditch
1205:
1311:
Kulturdenkmal "Oberharzer
Wasserregal" – eine epochale Leistung
712:"Lower Rosenhof Chute" from the Schwarzenbach to the Hasenbach
800:"Lower Rosenhof Chute"(continuation of Johannistal Tunnel I)
134:, which is based on their use in the various power stations.
756:"Lower Rosenhof Chute" from the Flambach to the Johannistal
624:"Upper Rosenhof Chute" from Flambach to the Johannis valley
320:
1137:
from the
Nassenwiese Ditch to the Johann Friedrich Tunnel
734:"Lower Rosenhof Chute" from the Hasenbach to the Flambach
646:"Upper Rosenhof Chute" Johannistal to the Klein Clausthal
892:
From the Innerste river to the Wiemannsbucht (Bad Grund)
552:
From the Bärenbruch Pond into the "Upper Rosenhof Chute"
1159:
Stadtweg Ditch (from the Stadtweg Pond) to Bockswiese
1116:
Short channel from the Oker region to the Langer Pond
439:Nassenwiese Ditch into the Johann Friedrich Tunnel
298:Dyke Ditch from "Fenster" to "Teilung" (Mönchstal)
1354:(in German), Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Harzwasserwerke
1313:(in German), Clausthal-Zellerfeld: Papierflieger,
417:Jägersbleek Ditch into the Middle Peacock Pond
1286:- generic German mining term for water tunnels
1029:Lower Rosenhof Chute: Bypasses the Hüttenkopf
1008:Upper Rosenhof Chute: Bypasses the Hüttenkopf
870:Rehberg Ditch to the Gesehr / St. Andreasberg
276:Dyke Ditch from Fortune Pond to the "Fenster"
8:
1329:Die Wasserwirtschaft des Oberharzer Bergbaus
1050:Upper Kehrzug Ditch into the Hirschler Pond
1204:Links the outlet area of the Söse with the
101:Slag brick walls in the Franz August Tunnel
1309:Knissel, Walter; Fleisch, Gerhard (2004),
1017:Alter Unterer Klein-Clausthaler Wasserlauf
949:
136:
996:Alter Oberer Klein-Clausthaler Wasserlauf
23:Exit portal of the Lower Hasenbach Tunnel
1348:Das Kulturdenkmal Oberharzer Wasserregal
943:List of disused Upper Harz water tunnels
126:List of working Upper Harz water tunnels
964:
951:
151:
138:
368:Träncke Ditch to the Jägersbleek Pond
65:, tunnels and other structures in the
914:From Wiemannsbucht to Schönhofsblick
48:
7:
809:Unterer Klein-Clausthaler Wasserlauf
1303:and the portal of the Huttal Tunnel
787:Unterer Johannistaler Wasserlauf II
655:Oberer Klein-Clausthaler Wasserlauf
232:Dyke Ditch: crosses the Rothenberg
765:Unterer Johannistaler Wasserlauf I
699:Unterer Schwarzenbacher Wasserlauf
254:Dyke Ditch: crosses the Coventhai
14:
1013:Old Lower Klein Clausthal Tunnel
992:Old Upper Klein Clausthal Tunnel
561:Oberer Schwarzenbacher Wasserlauf
50:[ˌoːbɐhaːɐ̯tsɐˈvasɐlɔʏfə]
16:Mining tunnels in central Germany
1243:
974:Alter Dietrichsberger Wasserlauf
936:Drain from the Knesebeck Shaft
923:Unterer Eichelberger Wasserlauf
633:Oberer Johannistaler Wasserlauf
901:Oberer Eichelberger Wasserlauf
844:Drainage for the water wheel (
721:Unterer Hasenbacher Wasserlauf
574:"Upper Rosenhof Chute" to the
1:
805:Lower Klein Clausthal Tunnel
743:Unterer Flambacher Wasserlauf
651:Upper Klein Clausthal Tunnel
586:Oberer Hasenbacher Wasserlauf
448:Johann-Friedricher Wasserlauf
783:Lower Johannistal Tunnel II
611:Oberer Flambacher Wasserlauf
346:into the Lower Peacock Pond
761:Lower Johannistal Tunnel I
695:Lower Schwarzenbach Tunnel
557:Upper Schwarzenbach Tunnel
1410:
1191:Schwarzenberger Wasserlauf
599:"Upper Rosenhof Chute" to
263:Dietrichsberger Wasserlauf
970:Old Dietrichsberg Tunnel
629:Upper Johannistal Tunnel
426:Prinz-Walliser Wasserlauf
329:Franz Auguster Wasserlauf
1345:Schmidt, Martin (2005),
1327:Schmidt, Martin (2002),
1279:Mining in the Upper Harz
1168:Polsterberger Wasserlauf
919:Lower Eichelberg Tunnel
897:Upper Eichelberg Tunnel
527:Bremerhöhe Ditch to the
444:Johann Friedrich Tunnel
355:Jägersbleeker Wasserlauf
190:Kellwasser Wasserlauf II
29:Upper Harz Water Tunnels
1389:Upper Harz Water Regale
1264:Upper Harz Water Regale
1125:Nassenwieser Wasserlauf
717:Lower Hasenbach Tunnel
677:Ziegenberger Wasserlauf
582:Upper Hasenbach Tunnel
539:Bärenbrucher Wasserlauf
492:Winterwieser Wasserlauf
470:Kellerhalser Wasserlauf
285:Bielenwieser Wasserlauf
219:Rothenberger Wasserlauf
161:Kellwasser Wasserlauf I
55:Upper Harz Water Regale
1304:
1059:Kalte Küche Wasserlauf
739:Lower Flambach Tunnel
607:Upper Flambach Tunnel
601:Hasenbacher Widerwaage
576:Hasenbacher Widerwaage
514:Bremerhöher Wasserlauf
390:Hirschler Pond to the
307:Mönchstaler Wasserlauf
241:Coventhaier Wasserlauf
102:
42:Oberharzer Wasserläufe
41:
24:
1298:
1187:Schwarzenberg Tunnel
1182:) to the Huttal Pond
1180:Polsterberger Hubhaus
1038:Benedikter Wasserlauf
422:Prince Wallis Tunnel
259:Dietrichsberg Tunnel
186:Kellwasser Tunnel II
181:) to the Nabe valley
100:
22:
1217:Tannhaier Wasserlauf
1146:Pisstaler Wasserlauf
1081:Kranicher Wasserlauf
529:Rosenhof Mining Area
342:Dyke Ditch from the
325:Franz August Tunnel
157:Kellwasser Tunnel I
1366:Information by the
1301:Huttaler Widerwaage
1164:Polsterberg Tunnel
1142:Piss Valley Tunnel
1121:Nassenwiese Tunnel
1055:Kalte Küche Tunnel
488:Winterwiese Tunnel
404:Fortuner Wasserlauf
393:Huttaler Widerwaage
377:Huttaler Wasserlauf
351:Jägersbleek Tunnel
281:Bielenwiese Tunnel
1384:Tunnels in Germany
1305:
1274:Upper Harz Ditches
857:Geseher Wasserlauf
848:) at Dorothea Pit
673:Ziegenberg Tunnel
535:Bärenbruch Tunnel
510:Bremerhöhe Tunnel
466:Kellerhals Tunnel
215:Rothenberg Tunnel
210:on the Dyke Ditch
103:
73:. The German term
53:) are part of the
25:
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1103:Langer Wasserlauf
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303:Mönchstal Tunnel
237:Coventhai Tunnel
107:hammer and chisel
85:waters for their
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1213:Tannhai Tunnel
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71:central Germany
57:- a network of
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93:Construction
87:water wheels
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1394:Kunstgraben
1251:Harz portal
430:about 1740
1378:Categories
1259:Upper Harz
175:Dyke Ditch
75:Wasserlauf
59:reservoirs
46:pronounced
111:gunpowder
34:‹See Tfd›
1237:See also
1227: m
1201: m
1156: m
1134: m
1113: m
1091: m
1069: m
1047: m
1026: m
1005: m
984: m
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911: m
889: m
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819: m
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709: m
687: m
665: m
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549: m
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414: m
387: m
365: m
339: m
317: m
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273: m
251: m
229: m
200: m
171: m
132:Preussag
83:headrace
1291:Sources
962:Length
344:Teilung
149:Length
63:ditches
1335:
1317:
1284:Rösche
1208:river
965:Route
959:Built
152:Route
146:Built
38:German
1352:(PDF)
1221:1875
1195:1813
1172:1767
1154:1,100
1150:1732
1085:1878
1063:1821
978:1662
927:1855
909:1,110
905:1889
887:1,220
883:1838
861:1698
813:1792
791:1835
769:1835
747:1844
725:1845
703:1870
681:1847
659:1776
641:1,014
637:1839
615:1763
590:1811
565:1808
543:1949
518:1704
474:1842
452:1673
408:1785
381:1763
359:1771
333:1832
311:1677
289:1864
271:1,044
267:1863
245:1852
223:1868
208:Wiege
194:1821
165:1821
1333:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1299:The
1206:Oker
27:The
1225:430
1199:730
1132:250
1111:150
1089:600
1067:410
1045:100
1024:200
1003:120
982:260
931:230
865:722
839:325
817:791
795:234
773:558
751:973
729:959
707:524
685:413
663:492
619:780
594:638
569:760
547:940
522:732
500:488
478:501
456:805
434:563
412:777
385:783
363:132
337:632
315:474
293:357
249:540
227:775
206:to
198:229
169:170
69:of
1380::
61:,
44:,
40::
177:(
31:(
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