110:
531:
1642:
205:
1112:) show that large demographic changes took place between 1819 and 1910, with the region's total population quadrupling, the percent of German-speakers increasing significantly, and that of Polish-speakers declining considerably. Also, the total land area in which Polish language was spoken, as well as the land area in which it was spoken by the majority, declined between 1790 and 1890. Polish authors before 1918 estimated the number of Poles in Prussian Upper Silesia as slightly higher than according to official German censuses.
1946:
103:
188:
2124:, where almost the totality of the pre-war population that was expelled was exclusively German-speaking (only about 50-60% of the population of Upper Silesia was displaced to Germany, while over 95-97% of population of Lower Silesia was displaced), the pre-war population of Upper Silesia was in considerable number Roman Catholic mixed bilingual that spoke both German and Polish dialects, and their Polish linguistic skills were considered solid enough for them to be kept in the area (Aleksandra Kunce,
2148:
2717:
2168:
217:
247:
352:
176:
347:
1044:
792:
361:
2431:
128:
4925:
4126:
755:
4942:
4358:
121:
2478:
2158:
2731:
2574:
804:
4920:
2703:
235:
2131:). Firstly, after the war, Poles displaced from Polish territories incorporated into the USSR settled in Upper Silesia, but also Polish settlers from other overpopulated parts of Poland. And later, in the years 1945-1989, a large number of Poles from various parts of Poland settled in Upper Silesia, who received work, e.g. in the mines.
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
2487:
Silesian women's clothes vary depending on the region and even the individual towns and villages they come from. The ways of dressing intertwined with the movement of people in the 19th and 20th century. The inhabitants of
Silesia also started to adapt their outfits to the urban fashion, which
2993:
Statistischer Umriß der sämmtlichen europäischen und der vornehmsten außereuropäischen
Staaten, in Hinsicht ihrer Entwickelung, Größe, Volksmenge, Finanz- und Militärverfassung, tabellarisch dargestellt; Erster Heft: Welcher die beiden großen Mächte Österreich und Preußen und den Deutschen
1107:
structure (Nationalverschiedenheit) of the
Prussian part of Upper Silesia, come from year 1819. The last pre-WW1 general census figures available, are from 1910 (if not including the 1911 census of school children - Sprachzählung unter den Schulkindern - which revealed a higher percent of
1695:
of March 1921, a majority of 59.4% voted against merging with Poland and a minority of 40.6% voted for, with clear lines dividing Polish and German communities. The plan to divide the region was suggested by the Inter-Allied
Commission on Upper Silesia, headed by the French general
2134:
The area formally became part of the
Republic of Poland by virtue of the German-Polish border treaty of 14 November 1990. With the fall of communism and Poland's joining the European Union, there were enough of these remaining in Upper Silesia to allow for the recognition of the
1700:. The plan was decided by an ambassadors conference in Paris on 20 October 1921. The exact border, the maintenance of cross-border railway traffic and other necessary co-operations, as well as equal rights for all inhabitants in both parts of Upper Silesia, were all fixed by the
384:
2129:
109:
2491:
The men's outfit consists of a shacket, a shirt (vest), a white shirt, a silk shirt (silk scarf) or a dressing gown (ribbons), galot (trousers) or bizoków (trousers ironed to the edge) and szczewików (shoes). The man's costume is now called an
1719:
The new border only partly followed the results of the referendum. The reason was that closely following the local majority vote would have resulted in a plurality of enclaves and would thus not have been a viable border. Particularly in the
2105:), and Polish migrants, a sizeable part of whom were themselves expelleés from former Polish provinces taken over by the USSR in the east, settled in Upper Silesia. A good many German-speaking Upper Silesians were relocated in
2090:
2452:
and is therefore characterized by high calorific value of dishes. For centuries, Polish, Czech and German cuisine was mixed here. Typical Upper
Silesian dishes are consumed here, as well as dishes that are also present in
4690:
3191:
3591:." (1848) Am J Public Health 2006;96 2102–2105. (Excerpted from: Virchow RC. Collected Essays on Public Health and Epidemiology. Vol 1. Rather LJ, ed. Boston, Mass: Science History Publications; 1985:204–319.)
425:
4193:
4338:
3565:
Themen und
Tendenzen in Schlagzeilen der Kattowitzer Zeitung und des Oberschlesischen Kuriers 1925 - 1939: Analyse der Berichterstattung zur Lage der deutschen Minderheit in Ostoberschlesien
4700:
4695:
3195:
3577:
Krzysztof Gwozdz (2000) "The Image of Upper
Silesia in geography textbooks 1921-1998", in: Boleslaw Domanski (Ed.), Prace Geograficzne, No. 106, Institute of Geography of the
4976:
2040:
1634:
opened fire on protesting Polish miners and their families, killing seven miners, two women and a 13-year-old boy. The event, known as the "Mysłowice massacre", sparked the
3286:
2998:
3250:
784:, who nevertheless saw themselves barred from the succession to the Polish throne and only were able to regain their Silesian home territory with the aid of the
3523:
H. Förster, B. Kortus (1989) "Social-Geographical
Problems of the Cracow and Upper Silesia Agglomerations", Paderborn. (Bochumer Geographische Arbeiten No. 51)
204:
3040:
2063:
4343:
3115:
732:
3145:
2120:
The expulsions of German-speakers did not totally eliminate the presence of a population that considered itself German. In contrast to the situation in
148:
3413:
2461:
at the same time. In the second half of the twentieth century, dishes from the Polish borderland cuisine (potato pancakes, dumplings with cheese, red
3672:
2021:
728:
2067:
769:
3010:
Nationalverschiedenheit 1819: Polen - 377,100; Deutsche - 162,600; Mährer - 12,000; Juden - 8,000; Tschechen - 1,600; Gesamtbevölkerung: 561,203
2093:, an activity that was euphemized as "transfers be effected in an orderly and humane manner" in accordance with the decision of the victorious
4731:
2851:
1793:
4971:
3166:
2031:
2673:
1653:
2013:
1701:
965:
and — indirectly — of the Holy Roman Empire. By the mid-14th century, the influx of German settlers into Upper
Silesia was stopped by the
216:
4272:
4183:
1875:
985:
were spoken. While Latin, Czech and German language were used as official languages in towns and cities, only in the 1550s (during the
4401:
3386:
2784:
187:
3315:
3572:
3555:
3538:
3451:
4437:
4330:
4220:
2186:
1721:
3099:. United States. Immigration Commission (1907-1910). Washington, D.C.: Washington, Government Printing Office. pp. 104–105.
2903:
This is two leading ways of writing of Silesian alphabet, e.i. used on Silesian Knowledge (XXG) and various Silesian websites:
1969:
902:
2939:
716:
102:
4736:
2789:
2082:
869:
744:
3490:
4981:
3734:
2044:
736:
688:
351:
192:
4267:
551:
4710:
4422:
3665:
3567:. Schriften der Stiftung Haus Oberschlesien: Landeskundliche Reihe, Bd. 6 (in German). Berlin: Gebr. Mann, p. 188.
3550:. Schriften der Stiftung Haus Oberschlesien: Landeskundliche Reihe, Bd. 5 (in German). Berlin: Gebr. Mann, p. 219.
3533:. Schriften der Stiftung Haus Oberschlesien: Landeskundliche Reihe, Bd. 4 (in German). Berlin: Gebr. Mann, p. 447.
3348:
2081:
After 1945, almost all of Upper Silesia that was not ceded to Poland in 1922 was placed under the administration of the
2048:
684:
346:
309:
2634:
1665:
781:
3870:
3767:
1949:
1641:
962:
930:
3246:
2074:
POWs, with numerous forced labour subcamps, in the region. In 1941 Upper and Lower Silesia were split into separate
530:
175:
4966:
4893:
4846:
4726:
4294:
3916:
3865:
2688:
2665:
2285:
2005:
1977:
1652:
Soon afterwards, the eastern part of Upper Silesia (with a majority of ethnic Poles) came under Polish rule as the
865:
3820:
3055:
2381:
820:
principle of inheritance also led to the split-up of the Silesian province itself: in 1172 Władysław's second son
4887:
4521:
4432:
3942:
3896:
3815:
2794:
2645:
2136:
1935:
1826:
1071:
remained within the Habsburg-ruled Bohemian Crown as the "Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia", colloquially called
2562:
Opole and Polskie Radio Katowice of the state radio station. A private Upper Silesian station is Radio Piekary.
2345:
368:) and other historical lands of Poland against the background of modern administrative borders (names in Polish)
4442:
4427:
4417:
2449:
1692:
1617:
1029:
418:
227:
2630:
1968:
in September 1939, German troops committed numerous massacres of Polish civilians in the region, including at
740:
3388:
Tablice statystyczne Polski: wydanie za rok 1924 [Poland's statistical tables: edition for year 1924]
3274:
3141:
4881:
4824:
4531:
3880:
3658:
3578:
3422:
2552:
1945:
1635:
914:
841:
724:
341:
336:
127:
4526:
3609:
3601:
2339:
1989:
772:
the fragmentation of Poland began, which decisively enfeebled its central authority. The newly established
4986:
4215:
3835:
3805:
3621:
3094:
2684:. Its main aim is to improve the self-government of the Upper Silesian provinces of Opolskie and Slaskie.
2677:
2649:
2094:
2071:
1855:
1773:
1713:
1661:
1021:
986:
945:
In 1327 the Upper Silesian dukes, like most of their Lower Silesian cousins, had sworn allegiance to King
829:
331:
326:
321:
2945:
2303:
2267:
1724:, the border line was often bizarre, cutting right through settlements or through industrial facilities.
611:
4507:
4464:
2736:
2722:
2529:
954:
821:
758:
288:
180:
120:
4276:
2321:
796:
731:, subdued the Upper Silesian lands of the pagan Opolanie, which for several hundred years were part of
587:
567:
3906:
879:
grew stronger as several dukes married scions of German nobility. Promoted by the Lower Silesian Duke
4309:
3932:
3901:
3830:
3787:
3560:
3543:
3531:
Die Presse Oberschlesiens von den Anfängen bis zum Jahre 1945: Dokumentation und Strukturbeschreibung
3526:
2769:
2638:
2588:
2577:
2357:
1009:
958:
825:
676:
571:
298:
3875:
2147:
4860:
4853:
4645:
4391:
4327:
4262:
4188:
3750:
3724:
3706:
2846:. In total around 526 square kilometers with around 30 thousand inhabitants, including the city of
2779:
1953:
1645:
1025:
1013:
880:
857:
712:
648:
3170:
2918:
2907:
2405:
1973:
1905:
1677:
4577:
4299:
4166:
3855:
3845:
3728:
3720:
3711:
3695:
3079:
2868:
2749:
2434:
1961:
1728:
Division of Prussian Silesia between Weimar Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia after World War I
1709:
1688:
1684:
1108:
Polish-speakers among school children than the 1910 census among the general populace). Figures (
1056:
1001:
950:
906:
884:
785:
660:
642:
4566:
4082:
2297:
500:
2879:
from Czechoslovakia in 1938, it increased to 5,122 km. Silesian Voivodeship's capital was
832:
of Silesia. In the struggle around the Polish throne, Mieszko additionally received the former
4795:
4790:
4304:
4198:
3850:
3810:
3761:
3756:
3744:
3739:
3568:
3551:
3534:
3225:
2855:
2799:
2653:
2500:
2243:
2098:
2086:
1993:
1104:
1064:
1017:
997:
974:
910:
876:
849:
817:
599:
595:
559:
394:
87:
48:
2991:
2691:, i.e. 122,781 votes and three mandates. In 2018 they failed to get any mandates with 3.10%.
4945:
4829:
4741:
4605:
4584:
4546:
4446:
4237:
4210:
4176:
3991:
3937:
3548:
Studien und Materialien zur oberschlesischen Tendenzpublizistik des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
3465:
2976:
2603:
2445:
2215:
1608:
United States Immigration Commission in 1911 classified Polish-speaking Silesians as Poles.
1076:
1072:
1043:
1037:
922:
791:
773:
656:
630:
607:
603:
579:
492:
3392:
3307:
2167:
933:, whose descendants inherited the Duchy of Racibórz in 1336. As they ruled both duchies in
360:
4800:
4775:
4770:
4705:
4536:
4242:
4171:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3860:
3613:
3588:
2922:
2911:
2872:
2481:
1915:
1806:
1705:
1657:
1033:
978:
946:
898:
777:
626:
480:
431:
410:
376:
76:
34:
4054:
3073:
3023:
2607:
2101:. The German expellees were transported to the present-day Germany (including the former
4125:
2085:. German civilians, as well as Nazi criminals, were interned in labor camps such as the
4898:
4765:
4396:
4019:
3996:
3840:
3825:
3584:
2935:
2835:
2774:
2764:
2681:
2458:
2430:
2110:
1885:
1669:
934:
926:
918:
861:
853:
845:
837:
692:
591:
583:
555:
547:
524:
512:
464:
460:
441:
402:
252:
62:
4924:
2510:
In Upper Silesia, metallurgy, mining and other heavy industry branches are developed.
883:, from 1230 also regent over Upper Silesia for the minor sons of his late cousin Duke
754:
691:(915–921), possibly the founder and name giver of the Silesian capital Wrocław (
4960:
4785:
4554:
4205:
4049:
3716:
3448:
Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion
3041:"Stosunki narodowościowe na Śląsku w świetle relacji pruskich urzędników z roku 1882"
2970:
2827:
2823:
2759:
2754:
2708:
2623:
2619:
2559:
2548:
2454:
2219:
2121:
2114:
2060:
2056:
2052:
1697:
1088:
1079:
from 1815, Upper Silesia became an industrial area taking advantage of its plentiful
1068:
1060:
1048:
1005:
1004:, while the Duchies of Oświęcim and Zator fell back to the Polish Crown as a part of
982:
970:
833:
708:
672:
575:
543:
516:
508:
484:
457:
2351:
2279:
4652:
4357:
4107:
4059:
2611:
2565:
Radio Mittendrin is a German-Polish Internet radio station of the German minority.
2315:
2102:
2017:
1965:
1118:
Table 1. Numbers of Polish, German and other inhabitants (Regierungsbezirk Oppeln)
1100:
993:
739:, who from 1025 invaded Silesia several times. Finally, in 1137, the Polish prince
563:
2477:
2417:
2273:
2157:
1627:
675:
realm. Upon its dissolution after 906, the region fell under the influence of the
4286:
4232:
4227:
4064:
4034:
3911:
3498:
2819:
2599:
teams from Upper Silesia enjoyed great success either historically or recently.
2573:
2327:
2027:
1623:
1036:
Emperors of the Habsburg dynasty forcibly re-introduced Catholicism, led by the
966:
893:
875:
In the early 13th century the ties of the Silesian Piasts with the neighbouring
803:
668:
2610:
among the most accomplished teams in Poland, and other notable teams including
4919:
4631:
4611:
4598:
2876:
2698:
2672:. It is supposed to continue the traditions of the German period, but also of
2615:
2596:
2592:
2581:
2544:
2411:
2333:
2261:
2036:
1985:
1673:
520:
3636:
3623:
3337:
3229:
2944:(in German). Breslau: Verlag Ferdinand Hirt. pp. 364–367. Archived from
2551:
of the public Polish Television. In addition, the private television station
768:
However, this arrangement fell apart when upon the death of Bolesław III and
4905:
4666:
4591:
4102:
3391:. Warsaw: Instytut Wydawniczy "Bibljoteka Polska". p. 2. Archived from
2668:
is relatively young and was only founded in 1990 by Rudolf Kolodziejczyk in
2399:
2387:
929:
was established on adjacent Moravian territory, ruled by the Přemyslid duke
762:
619:
279:
4659:
2369:
719:
had conquered large parts of Silesia. From the Middle Silesia fortress of
4623:
4097:
4092:
4044:
2880:
2831:
2555:
is aimed at viewers in the Silesian Voivodeship. Another channel is TVT.
2540:
2375:
2197:
2192:
As of 2022, the following cities and towns have over 20,000 inhabitants:
2182:
2151:
2001:
1084:
652:
615:
504:
272:
2941:
Schlesien: eine Landeskunde für das deutsche Volk. T. 1., Das ganze Land
2206:(279,791) – Czech Republic (eastern districts of former Slezská Ostrava)
973:
process was halted; still a majority of the population spoke Polish and
448:) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of
4513:
4087:
4074:
4029:
4024:
3949:
3681:
2847:
2839:
2744:
2522:
2513:
Agriculture plays a secondary role, developed mainly in Opole Silesia.
2462:
2363:
2291:
2209:
2203:
2171:
2161:
2106:
1997:
1981:
1712:
region to Poland. The area became part of Silesian Voivodeship of the
957:, all Silesia was specifically excluded as non-Polish land by the 1335
888:
748:
720:
680:
496:
488:
449:
159:
153:
3078:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer. p.
2850:. Too small to form its own voivodeship, the area was incorporated to
4638:
4617:
3192:"Cf. Deutsch-polnisches Abkommen über Ostschlesien (Genfer Abkommen)"
3116:"Strzały w Mysłowicach doprowadziły do wybuchu I powstania śląskiego"
2997:(in German). Verlag des Geographischen Instituts Weimar. p. 34.
2843:
2669:
2237:
2225:
1656:, while the mostly German-speaking western part remained part of the
539:
453:
305:
284:
240:
4691:
Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
4673:
4001:
3415:
Mały Rocznik Statystyczny [Little Statistical Yearbook] 1939
3093:
Dillingham, William Paul; Folkmar, Daniel; Folkmar, Elnora (1911).
2687:
In 2010, RAS (Ruch Autonomii Śląska) had 8.49% of the votes in the
2089:. The majority of the German-speaking population that had not fled
4560:
4039:
2572:
2476:
2466:
2429:
2393:
2309:
2255:
2249:
2231:
2178:
2166:
2156:
2146:
1944:
1687:
occurred among the Polish-speaking populace of Upper Silesia; the
1640:
1042:
802:
790:
753:
664:
529:
359:
262:
142:
3650:
2875:(1,010 km), in total 4,235 km. After the annexation of
2830:
population as of year 1918. That area included parts of counties
1016:
in 1526, the Bohemian crown lands were inherited by the Austrian
4011:
3983:
3216:
Smolorz, Dawid (2022). "Teilung Oberschlesiens vor 100 Jahren".
2009:
1080:
655:
tribe had settled on the upper Oder River since the days of the
476:
4485:
4373:
4141:
3785:
3693:
3654:
3606:
811: Duchy of Opole–Racibórz under Duke Casimir I (1211-1230)
3142:"Volksabstimmungen in Oberschlesien 1920-1922 (gonschior.de)"
3028:(in German). Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung von Julius Springer.
1055:
Lower Silesia and most of Upper Silesia were occupied by the
3167:"Die Volksabstimmung in Oberschlesien 1921 (home.arcor.de)"
2644:
Top ice hockey teams, multiple times Polish champions, are
2629:
Top volleyball teams, multiple times Polish champions, are
3075:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
3025:
Die Polen in Oberschlesien: eine statistische Untersuchung
2904:
2584:, the largest athletics and football stadium in the region
2181:, nevertheless the largest towns of the region, including
913:. Upper Silesia further fragmented upon the death of Duke
1020:. In the 16th century, large parts of Silesia had turned
860:
in 1177. When in 1202 Mieszko Tanglefoot had annexed the
558:. The Polish Upper Silesian territory covers most of the
981:) as a second language. In the southernmost areas, also
828:
as an allodium from the hands of his elder brother Duke
747:, when a peace was made confirming the border along the
4701:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
2867:
Interwar Silesian Voivodeship was formed from Prussian
1704:, signed in Geneva on 15 May 1922. On 20 June 1922 the
4696:
Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
3275:"Rocznik statystyki Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1920/21"
2602:
Football enjoys a strong following in the region with
977:
as their native language, often together with German (
887:, large parts of the Silesian lands were settled with
2915:
2126:
Being at Home in a Place: The Philosophy of Localness
2189:, the total population of which is about 2,500,000.
435:
4874:
4838:
4813:
4754:
4719:
4683:
4545:
4496:
4457:
4410:
4384:
4326:
4285:
4251:
4159:
4152:
4073:
4010:
3982:
3975:
3925:
3889:
3798:
953:. During the re-establishment of Poland under King
901:. The plans to re-unify Silesia shattered upon the
824:claimed his rights and received the Upper Silesian
487:, which form the southern border with the historic
316:
295:
278:
268:
258:
226:
21:
3285:. Warsaw: Główny Urząd Statystyczny: 56–62. 1921.
2109:. A small part of Upper Silesia stayed as part of
2043:camps was established in the region, and multiple
2871:(area 3,225 km) and Polish part of Austrian
2637:, with the latter also winning three consecutive
989:) did records with Polish names start to appear.
667:. It is possible that during the times of Prince
2488:changed the appearance of the outfit even more.
937:, Opava grew into the Upper Silesian territory.
3421:. Warsaw: GUS. 1939. p. 14. Archived from
1095:Ethnolinguistic structure before the plebiscite
3589:Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia
3224:(286). Senfkorn Verlag Alfred Theisen: 78–79.
2975:. Toronto: London, Polish Press Bur. pp.
2496:, this name is mainly associated with a suit.
1612:Interbellum, World War II, and post-war period
1087:. Prussian Upper Silesia became a part of the
209:Location of Upper Silesia on the map of Poland
40:
3666:
1668:broke out around Cieszyn Silesia, whereafter
8:
3279:Rocznik Statystyki Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
3247:"Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland: Schlesien"
1626:, Polish miners organized large protests in
897:, establishing numerous cities according to
562:, except for the Lower Silesian counties of
221:Contemporary map of Upper Silesia in English
68:
26:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3039:Kalisch, Johannes; Bochinski, Hans (1958).
2822:Poland received a small part of historical
2177:The historical capital of Upper Silesia is
671:(871–894), Silesia was a part of his
54:
4977:Historical geography of the Czech Republic
4817:
4758:
4500:
4493:
4482:
4381:
4370:
4255:
4156:
4149:
4138:
3979:
3795:
3782:
3690:
3673:
3659:
3651:
3308:"Schlesien: Geschichte im 20. Jahrhundert"
3241:
3239:
2938:(1896). "Die Sprachgrenze 1790 und 1890".
2218:(167,509) (only Bielsko, Biała is part of
1114:
795:Coat of arms of Upper Silesia as drawn by
743:(1107–1138) came to terms with Duke
735:, though contested by Bohemian dukes like
463:. The area is predominantly known for its
18:
2030:. The Polish population was subjected to
1691:was fought in the region in 1921. In the
727:(992–1025), having established the
511:. In the north, Upper Silesia borders on
507:tributaries mark the eastern border with
1726:
3269:
3267:
2896:
2811:
2558:Regionally oriented radio stations are
969:pandemic. Unlike in Lower Silesia, the
780:, descendants of Bolesław's eldest son
633:are historical parts of Upper Silesia.
475:Upper Silesia is situated on the upper
315:
277:
257:
225:
201:
169:
149:Historic Silver Mine in Tarnowskie Góry
93:
3470:Memorial and Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau
3110:
3108:
3106:
2680:. The current head of the movement is
2469:) gained popularity in Upper Silesia.
2070:, Belgian, British, Serbian and other
3048:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
1099:The earliest exact census figures on
941:Bohemia, Hungary, Austria and Prussia
868:, he ruled over all Upper Silesia as
776:became the ancestral homeland of the
499:River rises and turns eastwards, the
417:
294:
267:
213:
7:
2964:
2962:
1702:German-Polish Accord on East Silesia
538:It is currently split into a larger
4273:Niederschlesischer Oberlausitzkreis
3336:Sperling, Gotthard Hermann (1932).
3312:OME-Lexikon - Universität Oldenburg
2539:On the territory of Upper Silesia,
1952:, one of the symbols of the Polish
4423:Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy
4402:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
2785:Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area
996:and in 1469 was conquered by King
949:, thereby becoming vassals of the
546:part, which is located within the
519:lands (the adjacent region around
14:
4732:Moravian–Silesian Football League
2543:broadcasts the regional channels
1630:. On August 15, 1919, the German
1075:. Incorporated into the Prussian
4941:
4940:
4923:
4918:
4356:
4124:
2729:
2715:
2701:
2187:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
2097:powers at their 1945 meeting at
1722:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
1063:and annexed by the terms of the
891:immigrants in the course of the
687:(894–915) and his brother
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
245:
233:
215:
203:
186:
174:
126:
119:
108:
101:
3354:from the original on 2018-12-25
3318:from the original on 2019-10-06
3289:from the original on 2019-06-20
3253:from the original on 2016-07-10
3148:from the original on 2017-05-13
3001:from the original on 2023-12-28
2834:(German: Polnisch Wartenberg),
903:first Mongol invasion of Poland
4184:Silesian Voivodeship (1920–39)
3338:"Aus Niederschlesiens Ostmark"
3096:Dictionary of Races or Peoples
2790:Upper Silesian Industrial Area
2032:further persecution and crimes
856:from the new Polish High Duke
570:, and the western half of the
1:
4847:Schlesien Unvergessene Heimat
3735:1921 Upper Silesia plebiscite
2972:The Poles under Prussian rule
2012:. Afterwards, Polish Silesia
1024:, promoted by reformers like
992:Upper Silesia was hit by the
647:According to the 9th century
4972:Historical regions in Poland
4711:Pentecostal Church in Poland
3821:Obniżenie Milicko-Głogowskie
2049:Auschwitz concentration camp
1602:Total population: 2,207,981
1308:Census, monolingual Polish:
1067:. A small part south of the
917:in 1281 into the duchies of
491:region. Within the adjacent
3871:Silesian-Moravian Foothills
2969:Kozicki, Stanislas (1918).
2051:. The Germans operated the
1950:Parachute Tower in Katowice
1797:(Niederschlesiens Ostmark)
1047:1746 map of Upper Silesia,
707:By 990 the newly installed
610:, as well as the cities of
5003:
4894:Silesian Autonomy Movement
4537:Silesian Museum (Katowice)
3866:Silesian-Lusatian Lowlands
3446:Wardzyńska, Maria (2009).
3345:Opolska Biblioteka Cyfrowa
2689:Silesian Regional Assembly
2527:
2498:
2139:by the Polish government.
1615:
1117:
870:Duke of Opole and Racibórz
640:
452:, located today mostly in
399:Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk
4936:
4916:
4888:Landsmannschaft Schlesien
4820:
4761:
4503:
4492:
4481:
4433:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
4428:Lower Silesian Coal Basin
4418:Bielski Okręg Przemysłowy
4380:
4369:
4354:
4258:
4148:
4137:
4122:
3943:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
3816:Lower Silesian Wilderness
3794:
3781:
3702:
3689:
3385:Weinfeld, Ignacy (1925).
3054:. Leipzig. Archived from
2795:Upper Silesian Coal Basin
2450:Central European cuisines
2414:(20,450) – Czech Republic
2396:(22,665) – Czech Republic
2384:(23,468) – Czech Republic
2372:(28,206) – Czech Republic
2336:(49,881) – Czech Republic
2312:(54,840) – Czech Republic
2282:(69,084) – Czech Republic
2137:German minority in Poland
1936:Province of Upper Silesia
1827:Province of Lower Silesia
1676:strip in addition to the
1660:as the newly established
1322:together with bilinguals
534:Moravian-Silesian Beskids
515:, and in the west on the
467:(mining and metallurgy).
419:[ˈoːbɐˌʃleːzi̯ən]
214:
202:
170:
141:From top, left to right:
94:
85:
4339:Lower Silesian and Opole
4268:Moravian–Silesian Region
3602:Silesian Digital Library
3281:(in Polish and French).
1693:Upper Silesia plebiscite
1683:From 1919 to 1921 three
1618:Upper Silesia plebiscite
1030:Battle of White Mountain
1008:. Upon the death of the
723:, his son and successor
4532:Silesian Museum (Opava)
3917:Slezská Harta Reservoir
3607:Silesian Tourism Portal
3579:Jagiellonian University
3450:(in Polish). Warszawa:
2905:http://www.wachtyrz.eu/
1666:Polish–Czechoslovak War
1636:First Silesian Uprising
961:becoming a land of the
864:of his deceased nephew
483:mountain range and the
436:
398:
41:
4737:National football team
3897:Jezioro Goczałkowickie
3881:Zielona Góra Acclivity
3581:Kraków. pp. 55–68
2678:Second Polish Republic
2635:ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle
2585:
2484:
2446:Upper Silesian cuisine
2437:
2174:
2164:
2154:
2143:Major cities and towns
1957:
1714:Second Polish Republic
1662:Upper Silesia Province
1649:
1052:
987:Protestant Reformation
921:, Opole, Racibórz and
905:and the death of Duke
813:
800:
782:Władysław II the Exile
765:
696:
535:
445:
414:
406:
380:
369:
69:
55:
27:
4706:Roman Catholic Church
4527:Upper Silesian Museum
3466:"Auschwitz sub-camps"
2994:Staatenbund darstellt
2990:Georg Hassel (1823).
2737:European Union portal
2723:Czech Republic portal
2641:titles in 2021–2023.
2576:
2530:Silesian architecture
2499:Further information:
2480:
2433:
2185:, are located in the
2170:
2160:
2150:
2064:prisoner-of-war camps
1948:
1664:. In early 1919, the
1644:
1046:
955:Casimir III the Great
822:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
806:
794:
757:
745:Soběslav I of Bohemia
741:Bolesław III Wrymouth
533:
363:
297: • Summer (
4982:Silesian Voivodeship
4727:Football Association
3902:Jezioro Otmuchowskie
2770:Silesian Interurbans
2639:CEV Champions League
2358:Czechowice-Dziedzice
2286:Siemianowice Śląskie
2006:Siemianowice Śląskie
1876:Silesian Voivodeship
1654:Silesian Voivodeship
959:Treaty of Trentschin
725:Bolesław I the Brave
572:Silesian Voivodeship
523:also referred to as
479:River, north of the
4392:Katowice urban area
4300:Lubusz Voivodeships
3836:Przedgórze Sudeckie
3806:Jelenia Góra valley
3633: /
3585:Rudolf Carl Virchow
3454:. pp. 131–135.
3072:Paul Weber (1913).
3022:Paul Weber (1913).
2780:Katowice urban area
1954:Defense of Katowice
1745:After WW1 part of:
1742:Population in 1910
1739:Share of territory
1729:
1646:Silesian Parliament
1059:in 1742 during the
1026:Caspar Schwenckfeld
881:Henry I the Bearded
858:Casimir II the Just
830:Bolesław I the Tall
816:The failure of the
649:Bavarian Geographer
4839:Unofficial anthems
3856:Silesian Przesieka
3846:Silesian Foothills
3612:2013-04-23 at the
3501:on 29 October 2020
2921:2021-02-28 at the
2916:http://silling.org
2910:2021-03-02 at the
2869:East Upper Silesia
2852:Poznań Voivodeship
2750:East Upper Silesia
2631:Jastrzębski Węgiel
2586:
2485:
2438:
2435:Silesian dumplings
2175:
2165:
2155:
2128:, pp. 41–112
2083:Republic of Poland
1962:invasion of Poland
1960:During the German
1958:
1794:Poznań Voivodeship
1736:Area in 1910 (km)
1727:
1710:East Upper Silesia
1689:Battle of Annaberg
1685:Silesian Uprisings
1650:
1061:First Silesian War
1057:Kingdom of Prussia
1053:
907:Henry II the Pious
885:Casimir I of Opole
814:
801:
797:Hugo Gerard Ströhl
786:Holy Roman Emperor
766:
729:Diocese of Wrocław
659:, centered on the
651:, the West Slavic
643:History of Silesia
629:as well as former
536:
458:small parts in the
370:
259:Historical capital
4967:Opole Voivodeship
4954:
4953:
4932:
4931:
4914:
4913:
4870:
4869:
4809:
4808:
4750:
4749:
4477:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4447:Rybnik Coal Areas
4438:Industrial Region
4365:
4364:
4352:
4351:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4119:
4116:
4115:
3851:Silesian Lowlands
3777:
3776:
3762:Battle of Leuthen
3757:Battle of Legnica
3745:Treaty of Teschen
3740:Treaty of Dresden
3561:Bernhard Gröschel
3544:Bernhard Gröschel
3527:Bernhard Gröschel
3491:"Working Parties"
3120:PolskieRadio24.pl
2856:Province of Posen
2800:Wojciech Korfanty
2666:autonomy movement
2087:Zgoda labour camp
2018:Nazi German Reich
1943:
1942:
1847:Divided between:
1765:Divided between:
1638:against Germany.
1606:
1605:
1065:Treaty of Breslau
1028:. After the 1620
1018:House of Habsburg
998:Matthias Corvinus
925:. About 1269 the
915:Władysław Opolski
911:Battle of Legnica
877:Holy Roman Empire
826:Duchy of Racibórz
818:Agnatic seniority
590:with the city of
560:Opole Voivodeship
495:to the east, the
358:
357:
88:Historical region
16:Historical region
4994:
4944:
4943:
4927:
4922:
4899:Marsz Autōnōmije
4818:
4779:
4778:(Lower Silesian)
4776:Silesian German
4759:
4742:Silesian Stadium
4572:
4522:Regional costume
4501:
4494:
4483:
4382:
4371:
4360:
4263:Jeseník District
4256:
4238:Austrian Silesia
4211:Silesia Province
4157:
4150:
4139:
4128:
3980:
3938:Silesian Beskids
3907:Jezioro Sławskie
3796:
3783:
3751:Book of Henryków
3691:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3497:. Archived from
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3427:
3420:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3382:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3342:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3194:. Archived from
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3169:. Archived from
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3112:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2932:
2926:
2901:
2884:
2865:
2859:
2826:, with majority
2816:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2441:Silesian cuisine
2346:Wodzisław Śląski
2304:Kędzierzyn-Koźle
2268:Jastrzębie-Zdrój
1964:, which started
1730:
1115:
1077:Silesia Province
1073:Austrian Silesia
1051:heirs, Nuremberg
951:Bohemian kingdom
810:
774:Duchy of Silesia
657:Migration Period
631:Austrian Silesia
612:Dąbrowa Górnicza
574:(except for the
542:and the smaller
493:Silesian Beskids
446:Silesia Superior
439:
429:
428:
427:
421:
391:
390:
389:
387:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
302:
251:
249:
248:
239:
237:
236:
219:
207:
190:
178:
130:
123:
112:
105:
80:
72:
66:
58:
52:
44:
38:
30:
19:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4928:
4910:
4866:
4834:
4805:
4777:
4746:
4715:
4679:
4568:
4541:
4488:
4469:
4453:
4443:Ostrava-Karviná
4406:
4376:
4361:
4348:
4314:
4281:
4247:
4243:Eastern Silesia
4144:
4129:
4112:
4069:
4006:
3971:
3921:
3885:
3861:Silesian Upland
3790:
3773:
3698:
3685:
3679:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3614:Wayback Machine
3598:
3520:
3515:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3398:
3396:
3384:
3383:
3366:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3321:
3319:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3292:
3290:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3218:Schlesien Heute
3215:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3004:
3002:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2951:
2949:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2923:Wayback Machine
2912:Wayback Machine
2902:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2873:Cieszyn Silesia
2866:
2862:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2662:
2571:
2537:
2532:
2519:
2508:
2503:
2482:Silesian gorals
2475:
2443:
2428:
2423:
2322:Piekary Śląskie
2298:Tarnowskie Góry
2145:
2034:. A network of
2020:as part of the
1838:13,230 km
1756:27,105 km
1706:Weimar Republic
1658:Weimar Republic
1622:In 1919, after
1620:
1614:
1101:ethnolinguistic
1097:
979:Silesian German
947:John of Bohemia
943:
899:German town law
812:
808:
778:Silesian Piasts
705:
645:
639:
627:Cieszyn Silesia
552:Moravia-Silesia
481:Eastern Sudetes
473:
432:Silesian German
424:
423:
422:
385:
383:
382:
381:
364:Upper Silesia (
296:
246:
244:
243:
234:
232:
222:
210:
198:
197:
196:
195:
184:
183:
166:
165:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
124:
115:
114:
113:
106:
90:
81:
74:
67:
60:
53:
46:
39:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5000:
4998:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4959:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4891:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4564:
4557:
4551:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4504:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4486:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4397:Metropolis GZM
4394:
4388:
4386:
4385:Socioeconomics
4378:
4377:
4374:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4331:constituencies
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4295:Lower Silesian
4291:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4246:
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3876:Wał Trzebnicki
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3841:Silesian Walls
3838:
3833:
3831:Oświęcim Basin
3828:
3826:Ostrava Valley
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3811:Kłodzko Valley
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3596:External links
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3085:
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3061:on 2020-02-01.
3031:
3014:
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2936:Joseph Partsch
2927:
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2775:Metropolis GZM
2772:
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2765:Middle Silesia
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2726:
2712:
2696:
2693:
2682:Jerzy Gorzelik
2661:
2660:Local politics
2658:
2578:Stadion Śląski
2570:
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2536:
2533:
2528:Main article:
2526:
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2340:Świętochłowice
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2111:Czechoslovakia
1990:Świętochłowice
1941:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Czechoslovakia
1881:
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1858:
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1842:
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1835:Upper Silesia
1832:
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1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:26,579 km
1809:
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1791:
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1753:Lower Silesia
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1670:Czechoslovakia
1616:Main article:
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963:Bohemian Crown
942:
939:
935:personal union
927:Duchy of Opava
862:Duchy of Opole
807:
704:
701:
673:Great Moravian
638:
635:
544:Czech Silesian
525:Middle Silesia
517:Lower Silesian
513:Greater Poland
472:
469:
465:heavy industry
461:Czech Republic
356:
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318:
314:
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82:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4999:
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4987:Upper Silesia
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4861:Slezská hymna
4858:
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4854:Schlesierlied
4851:
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4799:
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4786:Lach dialects
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4646:Modrŏ kapusta
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4570:(ciapkapusta)
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4555:Black noodles
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4221:Lower Silesia
4219:
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4216:Upper Silesia
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4209:
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4206:State country
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3992:Divoká Orlice
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3600:
3599:
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3590:
3586:
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3580:
3576:
3574:
3573:3-7861-1719-5
3570:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3556:3-7861-1698-9
3553:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:3-7861-1669-5
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3442:
3439:
3428:on 2018-11-27
3424:
3417:
3416:
3409:
3406:
3395:on 2018-12-25
3394:
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3379:
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3223:
3220:(in German).
3219:
3212:
3209:
3198:on 2012-08-02
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3173:on 2015-02-16
3172:
3168:
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3159:
3147:
3143:
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2959:
2948:on 2016-05-26
2947:
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2857:
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2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2828:ethnic Polish
2825:
2824:Lower Silesia
2821:
2815:
2812:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
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2760:Lower Silesia
2758:
2756:
2755:Opole Silesia
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2727:
2724:
2713:
2710:
2709:Poland portal
2699:
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2667:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2654:Polonia Bytom
2651:
2647:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2624:Polonia Bytom
2621:
2620:Piast Gliwice
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:Górnik Zabrze
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Polskie Radio
2556:
2554:
2550:
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2542:
2534:
2531:
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2521:
2520:
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2514:
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2502:
2497:
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2489:
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2479:
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2460:
2456:
2455:Lesser Poland
2451:
2447:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:Łaziska Górne
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2398:
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2248:
2245:
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2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2220:Lesser Poland
2217:
2216:Bielsko-Biała
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:Lower Silesia
2118:
2116:
2115:Czech Silesia
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:Stalag VIII-F
2058:
2057:Stalag VIII-D
2054:
2053:Stalag VIII-B
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:forced labour
2039:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1974:Łaziska Górne
1971:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:9,680 km
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1906:Hlučín Region
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:3,225 km
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
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1733:Division of:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1698:Henri Le Rond
1694:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1679:
1678:Hlučín Region
1675:
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1089:German Empire
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1003:
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980:
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968:
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831:
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770:his testament
764:
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581:
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506:
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485:Moravian Gate
482:
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437:Oberschläsing
433:
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415:Oberschlesien
412:
408:
407:Horní Slezsko
404:
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373:Upper Silesia
367:
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70:Oberschlesien
64:
57:
56:Horní Slezsko
50:
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36:
29:
23:Upper Silesia
20:
4886:
4882:Demographics
4875:Other topics
4859:
4852:
4845:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4653:Siymiyniotka
4651:
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4637:
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4616:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4569:
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4512:
4508:Architecture
4445: /
4287:Voivodeships
4275: /
4153:Subdivisions
4055:Nysa Kłodzka
3766:
3749:
3618:
3564:
3547:
3530:
3503:. Retrieved
3499:the original
3495:Lamsdorf.com
3494:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3469:
3460:
3447:
3441:
3430:. Retrieved
3423:the original
3414:
3408:
3397:. Retrieved
3393:the original
3387:
3356:. Retrieved
3344:
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3320:. Retrieved
3311:
3302:
3291:. Retrieved
3282:
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3255:. Retrieved
3221:
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3211:
3200:. Retrieved
3196:the original
3186:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:the original
3161:
3150:. Retrieved
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3119:
3095:
3088:
3074:
3067:
3056:the original
3051:
3047:
3034:
3024:
3017:
3009:
3003:. Retrieved
2992:
2985:
2971:
2950:. Retrieved
2946:the original
2940:
2930:
2899:
2863:
2814:
2686:
2663:
2646:GKS Katowice
2643:
2628:
2612:GKS Katowice
2608:Ruch Chorzów
2601:
2587:
2564:
2557:
2549:TVP Katowice
2538:
2517:Architecture
2512:
2509:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2444:
2191:
2176:
2133:
2125:
2119:
2103:East Germany
2091:was expelled
2080:
2075:
2066:for Polish,
2035:
2022:
1966:World War II
1959:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1821:
1816:
1811:
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1204:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1179:
1109:
1098:
1054:
1010:Jagiellonian
994:Hussite Wars
991:
944:
909:at the 1241
892:
874:
815:
767:
737:Bretislaus I
706:
689:Vratislaus I
646:
624:
578:counties of
537:
474:
372:
371:
365:
269:Largest city
193:Coat of arms
42:Gůrny Ślůnsk
4567:Panczkraut
4233:New Silesia
4228:Sudetenland
4194:politicians
3640: /
3122:(in Polish)
2820:World War I
2501:Kiełbaśnica
2448:belongs to
2382:Český Těšín
2244:Ruda Śląska
2014:was annexed
1891:325 km
1779:526 km
1672:gained the
1648:in Katowice
1632:Grenzschutz
1624:World War I
1069:Opava River
967:Black Death
894:Ostsiedlung
799:(1851–1919)
703:Polish rule
685:Spytihněv I
669:Svatopluk I
592:Częstochowa
588:Częstochowa
550:regions of
386:Górny Śląsk
366:Górny Śląsk
28:Górny Śląsk
4961:Categories
4612:Kopalnioki
4599:Karminadle
4189:parliament
4050:Mała Panew
3933:Carpathian
3707:Offensives
3505:14 January
3475:14 January
3432:2019-06-20
3399:2019-06-20
3358:2019-06-20
3322:2019-06-20
3293:2019-06-20
3257:2019-06-20
3202:2017-01-01
3177:2016-02-04
3152:2016-02-04
3126:14 January
3005:2019-02-27
2952:2016-02-04
2891:References
2877:Trans-Olza
2676:under the
2616:Odra Opole
2597:volleyball
2593:ice hockey
2037:Polenlager
1844:2,207,981
1762:3,017,981
1708:ceded the
1674:Trans-Olza
1302:1,158,805
1296:1,048,230
1022:Protestant
931:Nicholas I
679:rulers of
641:See also:
4906:Silesians
4755:Languages
4667:Wodziōnka
4592:Hauskyjza
4103:Pszczynka
3926:Mountains
3788:Geography
3712:Uprisings
3637:50°N 18°E
3230:1436-5022
2650:GKS Tychy
2545:TVP Opole
2418:Rydułtowy
2400:Kluczbork
2388:Lubliniec
2274:Mysłowice
2264:(102,564)
2258:(123,562)
2252:(126,623)
2246:(132,040)
2240:(132,266)
2234:(150,594)
2228:(156,082)
2212:(171,896)
2200:(281,418)
1998:Pasternik
1978:Jankowice
1628:Mysłowice
1320:1,560,000
1310:1,169,340
1091:in 1871.
836:lands of
763:Silesians
713:Mieszko I
697:Vratislav
677:Přemyslid
620:Sosnowiec
604:Zawiercie
471:Geography
280:Time zone
228:Countries
4946:Category
4796:Moravian
4791:Silesian
4684:Religion
4625:Krupniok
4411:Industry
4344:Silesian
4310:Silesian
4199:treasury
4143:Politics
4098:Przemsza
4093:Gostynia
4045:Liswarta
4035:Kłodnica
3610:Archived
3349:Archived
3316:Archived
3287:Archived
3251:Archived
3146:Archived
2999:Archived
2919:Archived
2908:Archived
2881:Katowice
2854:(former
2836:Namysłów
2695:See also
2589:Football
2541:TVP Info
2420:(20,436)
2408:(21,371)
2402:(22,418)
2390:(23,406)
2378:(25,308)
2376:Pszczyna
2366:(33,486)
2360:(34,972)
2354:(41,383)
2348:(45,316)
2342:(45,972)
2330:(50,419)
2328:Racibórz
2324:(52,396)
2318:(54,514)
2306:(55,623)
2300:(61,413)
2294:(61,835)
2288:(64,139)
2276:(71,849)
2270:(83,477)
2198:Katowice
2183:Katowice
2152:Katowice
2002:Pszczyna
1994:Katowice
1594:117,651
1586:135,519
1451:757,200
1445:684,397
1439:566,523
1431:457,545
1423:409,218
1415:406,950
1407:366,562
1399:363,990
1391:364,175
1383:348,094
1375:330,099
1367:290,168
1359:266,399
1351:257,852
1343:255,483
1335:162,600
1317:or up to
1290:918,728
1282:742,153
1274:665,865
1266:612,849
1258:590,248
1250:584,293
1242:568,582
1234:540,402
1226:525,395
1218:495,362
1210:468,691
1202:443,084
1194:418,837
1186:377,100
1110:Table 1.
1105:national
1085:iron ore
1034:Catholic
1014:Louis II
975:Silesian
866:Jarosław
854:Pszczyna
850:Siewierz
842:Oświęcim
761:used by
653:Opolanie
625:Divided
616:Jaworzno
568:Namysłów
505:Przemsza
430: ;
395:Silesian
393: ;
317:Highways
273:Katowice
162:Old Town
156:Old Town
145:Old Town
49:Silesian
4814:Symbols
4632:Makōwki
4547:Cuisine
4514:Familŏk
4497:Culture
4487:Society
4465:Tourism
4458:Tourism
4375:Economy
4277:Görlitz
4252:Current
4167:Duchies
4088:Brynica
4075:Vistula
4030:Kaczawa
3965:Western
3960:Central
3955:Eastern
3950:Sudetes
3768:more...
3696:History
3682:Silesia
3563:(1993)
3546:(1993)
3529:(1993)
3518:Sources
2848:Rychtal
2745:Silesia
2674:Silesia
2582:Chorzów
2523:Familok
2473:Clothes
2463:borscht
2426:Culture
2412:Bohumín
2364:Cieszyn
2352:Mikołów
2334:Karviná
2280:Havířov
2262:Chorzów
2210:Gliwice
2204:Ostrava
2172:Gliwice
2162:Ostrava
2107:Bavaria
2099:Potsdam
2047:of the
2045:subcamp
2028:Silesia
2016:to the
1986:Lędziny
1956:in 1939
1916:Germany
1807:Germany
1578:92,480
1570:41,611
1562:51,187
1554:49,037
1546:48,270
1538:49,445
1530:45,736
1522:42,292
1514:41,570
1506:12,679
1498:13,120
1490:13,254
1482:10,904
1474:21,503
1461:(40.0%)
1458:884,045
1453:(37.2%)
1447:(36.6%)
1441:(35.9%)
1434:(36.8%)
1426:(36.3%)
1418:(38.1%)
1410:(36.5%)
1402:(36.5%)
1394:(37.2%)
1386:(37.4%)
1378:(36.8%)
1370:(36.3%)
1362:(35.6%)
1354:(36.1%)
1346:(37.3%)
1338:(29.0%)
1313:(53.0%)
1304:(57.0%)
1298:(56.1%)
1292:(58.2%)
1285:(59.8%)
1277:(59.1%)
1269:(57.3%)
1261:(58.7%)
1253:(58.6%)
1245:(58.1%)
1237:(58.1%)
1229:(58.6%)
1221:(62.1%)
1213:(62.6%)
1205:(62.0%)
1197:(61.1%)
1189:(67.2%)
1038:Jesuits
1002:Hungary
923:Cieszyn
749:Sudetes
721:Niemcza
715:of the
683:, Duke
681:Bohemia
637:History
600:Myszków
596:Kłobuck
556:Olomouc
521:Wrocław
497:Vistula
489:Moravia
456:, with
450:Silesia
160:Cieszyn
154:Gliwice
4801:Polish
4771:German
4660:Szałŏt
4639:Moczka
4618:Kreple
4606:Kołŏcz
4585:Galert
4578:Klōzki
4172:Piasts
4160:Former
4020:Barycz
3997:Jizera
3976:Rivers
3912:Nyskie
3725:Second
3684:topics
3642:50; 18
3571:
3554:
3537:
3228:
2844:Milicz
2818:After
2670:Rybnik
2569:Sports
2506:Crafts
2370:Orlová
2238:Rybnik
2226:Zabrze
2095:Allied
2072:Allied
2068:French
1970:Gostyń
1856:Poland
1774:Poland
1748:Notes
1597:(5.8%)
1589:(7.3%)
1581:(5.9%)
1573:(3.4%)
1565:(4.6%)
1557:(4.6%)
1549:(4.8%)
1541:(4.9%)
1533:(4.7%)
1525:(4.5%)
1517:(4.6%)
1509:(1.6%)
1501:(1.8%)
1493:(1.9%)
1485:(1.6%)
1477:(3.8%)
1330:German
1181:Polish
1049:Homann
1032:, the
889:German
809:
733:Poland
717:Polans
608:Żywiec
580:Będzin
540:Polish
454:Poland
411:German
377:Polish
250:
241:Poland
238:
77:German
73:
59:
45:
35:Polish
31:
4830:Flags
4766:Czech
4720:Sport
4561:Bryja
4305:Opole
4177:dukes
4083:Biała
4065:Ślęza
4040:Kwisa
3890:Lakes
3799:Areas
3729:Third
3721:First
3426:(PDF)
3419:(PDF)
3352:(PDF)
3341:(PDF)
3059:(PDF)
3044:(PDF)
2832:Syców
2806:Notes
2535:Media
2494:ancug
2467:bigos
2394:Krnov
2310:Opava
2256:Tychy
2250:Opole
2232:Bytom
2179:Opole
1841:100%
1759:100%
1469:Other
1174:1910
1171:1905
1168:1900
1165:1890
1162:1867
1159:1861
1156:1858
1153:1855
1150:1852
1147:1846
1144:1843
1141:1840
1138:1837
1135:1834
1132:1831
1129:1828
1126:1819
1123:Year
1012:king
919:Bytom
846:Zator
838:Bytom
711:duke
709:Piast
693:Czech
665:Opole
564:Brzeg
548:Czech
501:Biała
442:Latin
403:Czech
306:UTC+2
285:UTC+1
263:Opole
143:Opole
63:Czech
4108:Rawa
4060:Olza
4025:Bóbr
4012:Oder
3984:Elbe
3717:Wars
3628:18°E
3625:50°N
3569:ISBN
3552:ISBN
3535:ISBN
3507:2024
3477:2024
3226:ISSN
3128:2024
2842:and
2840:Góra
2664:The
2633:and
2606:and
2595:and
2547:and
2457:and
2316:Nysa
2292:Żory
2076:Gaue
2059:and
2010:Wyry
2008:and
1982:Zgoń
1083:and
1081:coal
852:and
661:gord
618:and
606:and
566:and
554:and
503:and
477:Oder
310:CEST
181:Flag
4674:Żur
4002:Úpa
3587:. "
3452:IPN
2979:-3.
2580:in
2553:TVS
2113:as
2026:of
2023:Gau
1931:57%
1926:73%
1914:to
1884:to
1871:41%
1866:25%
1854:to
1822:99%
1817:98%
1805:to
1772:to
1103:or
1000:of
788:.
699:).
663:of
622:).
527:).
299:DST
289:CET
4963::
4328:EP
3727:,
3723:,
3493:.
3468:.
3367:^
3347:.
3343:.
3314:.
3310:.
3277:.
3266:^
3249:.
3238:^
3222:25
3144:.
3118:.
3105:^
3080:27
3052:13
3050:.
3046:.
3008:.
2961:^
2914:,
2858:).
2838:,
2656:.
2652:,
2648:,
2626:.
2622:,
2618:,
2614:,
2591:,
2465:,
2117:.
2078:.
2055:,
2004:,
2000:,
1996:,
1992:,
1988:,
1984:,
1980:,
1976:,
1972:,
1901:2%
1896:2%
1789:1%
1784:2%
1716:.
1680:.
1040:.
872:.
848:,
844:,
840:,
751:.
695::
614:,
602:,
598:,
594:,
586:,
582:,
444::
440:;
434::
413::
409:;
405::
401:;
397::
379::
3731:)
3719:(
3674:e
3667:t
3660:v
3509:.
3479:.
3435:.
3402:.
3361:.
3325:.
3296:.
3283:I
3260:.
3232:.
3205:.
3180:.
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