162:, both based at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden. UCDP was part of the European Network for Conflict Research (ENCoRE), a network funded by Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) of the European Union, which included all the leading research institutes in Europe that conduct quantitative and data driven research on armed conflict. UCDP also had a long-standing cooperation with the Human Security Report Project (HSRP) in Vancouver, Canada during the years that the project was running.
468:
villages etc. The targets are usually the military itself and its installations, or state institutions and state representatives, but there is often substantial collateral damage in the form of civilians killed in crossfire, indiscriminate bombings etc. All deaths - military as well as civilian - incurred in such situations, are counted as battle-related deaths.
299:
of armed conflict such as conflict dynamics, groups, actors, third party involvement, and conflict resolution and peace agreements. It is possible to find information about specific countries, conflicts and years of interest by using the intuitive world maps. A user can download ready-made datasets on organized violence and peacemaking from the
480:
The UCDP Non-State
Conflict Dataset contains information on communal and organized armed conflict where none of the parties is a government of a state. The dataset is updated annually by UCDP. A non-state armed conflict is defined by UCDP as “The use of armed force between two organized armed groups,
467:
Typically, battle-related deaths occur in what can be described as "normal" warfare involving the armed forces of the warring parties. This includes traditional battlefield fighting, guerrilla activities (e.g. hit-and-run attacks / ambushes) and all kinds of bombardments of military units, cities and
387:
UCDP uses both printed and electronic public sources for gathering information. All sources are manually read. The main source is the
Factiva Database that is composed of over 30 000 newspapers, newswires, and other sources from around the globe. As a minimum, for each country, UCDP uses at least one
102:
in Sweden. The UCDP is a leading provider of data on organized violence and armed conflict, and it is the oldest ongoing data collection project for civil war, with a history of almost 40 years. UCDP data are systematically collected and have global coverage, comparability across cases and countries,
489:
The UCDP One-sided
Violence Dataset is an actor-year dataset with information on intentional attacks on civilians by governments and formally organized armed groups. The dataset is updated annually by UCDP. One-sided violence is defined by UCDP as “The use of armed force by the government of a state
298:
UCDP operates and continuously updates its online database (UCDP Conflict
Encyclopedia), an interactive database, that offers a web-based system for visualizing, handling and downloading data on armed conflicts and organized violence, free of charge. The website offers information on several aspects
170:
Hundreds of scholars have used the UCDP's data for research. Aside from being widely used in research on peace and conflict at universities both in Sweden and abroad, UCDP data is also used in a number of other disciplines, including public health, business and economics, migration and diasporas, as
322:
Project, which only counts conflicts where at least 1 000 deaths have been recorded during one calendar year. In UCDP, an armed conflict of this magnitude is labelled as having the intensity level of "war", whilst armed conflicts that reap between 25 and 999 battle-related deaths are seen as having
145:
The UCDP is based at the
Department of Peace and Conflict Research of Uppsala University in Sweden. The program is led by Associate Professor Magnus Ă–berg, and employs approximately 10 to 15 research assistants and researchers. A number of scholars and Ph.D. candidates are also affiliated with the
437:
This is one of UCDP's core dataset and it is the most disaggregated one. The GED covers individual events of organized violence (the phenomena of lethal violence occurring at a given time and place). These events are sufficiently fine-grained to have several spatial and temporal locators, such as
314:
State-based conflict refers to what most people intuitively perceive as "war"; fighting either between two states, or between a state and a rebel group that challenges it. The UCDP defines an armed state-based conflict as: "An armed conflict is a contested incompatibility that concerns government
129:
Initially, the program collected data only on so-called "armed conflicts", defined as fighting exceeding 25 battle-related deaths between two actors of which at least one was a state. In later years, the data collection grew, and the program began collecting data on "non-state conflicts" (where
146:
program. In addition to collecting data, the program disseminates knowledge on trends and dynamics of armed conflict to the public via lectures at academic and government forums, as well as through participating in conferences and exhibitions such as the
Swedish Forum for Human Rights.
446:
The UCDP/PRIO Armed
Conflict Dataset is a joint project between the UCDP and PRIO that records armed conflicts from 1946 that result in a minimum of 25 battle-related deaths and in which at least one actor is the government of a state. The dataset is updated annually by UCDP.
125:
The UCDP began recording information on ongoing violent conflicts in the 1980s. It became clear that more systematic and global data on armed conflicts was necessary for conducting research in the expanding academic discipline of peace and conflict studies.
455:
The UCDP Dyadic
Dataset is a dyad-year version of the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset. A dyad consists of two opposing actors in an armed conflict where at least one party is the government of a state. The dataset is updated annually by UCDP.
261:. In 2016, UCDP was listed by The Guardian as one of the top ten best sources of data for international development research, among such sources as the UNDP’s Human Development Index and the International Monetary Fund’s data site and reports.
349:
One-sided violence is defined as: "The use of armed force by the government of a state or by a formally organized group against civilians which results in at least 25 deaths in a year”. Examples include actions by the governments of
471:
Fatality figures may be substantially lower than other stated estimates as UCDP data does not include fatalities from disease and/or war-time epidemics, or combine casualty figures between different types of armed conflicts.
1400:
438:
place name, administrative division, and geographic coordinates down to the level of individual villages, as well as start and end dates, disaggregated to single, individual days. The dataset is updated annually by UCDP.
103:
and long time series. Data are updated annually and are publicly available, free of charge. Furthermore, preliminary data on events of organized violence in Africa is released on a monthly basis.
426:, and documents of fighting parties. Sources are evaluated according to the context in which they are published, and reports are traced back to the primary source to establish reliability.
315:
and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in at least 25 battle-related deaths in one calendar year".
158:
in Norway. Additionally, UCDP works closely with the
Violence Early-Warning System (ViEWS) project at Uppsala University, Sweden, as well as with Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) and the
1866:
1392:
464:
This dataset contains information on the number of battle-related deaths in the conflicts from that appear in the UCDP/PRIO Armed
Conflict Dataset. The dataset is updated annually.
229:
UCDP data is frequently used by journalists. Some of the largest media outlets in Sweden recurrently interview UCDP staff, and UCDP data is regularly published in, among others,
277:
991:
499:
778:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
1196:
326:
Non-state conflicts are those conflicts in which none of the warring parties is a state. Examples of non-state conflicts include the Fatah–Hamas conflict,
303:, as well as customized data selections of the user´s choice. There is also a public API where users can access UCDP data in a machine-readable format.
1115:; Dridi, Raouf; Padilla, Allan; Ang, Melanie; Le Billon, Philippe (2018). "Impacts of anthropogenic and natural "extreme event" on global fisheries".
137:
that founded and led the program since its initiation until 31 July 2015. After this Wallensteen continued to serve as a Senior Advisor for the UCDP.
269:
Since 1993, a list of all armed conflicts and a brief description of the major developments and trends in organized violence appears annually in the
1345:
1489:
1861:
241:. In addition, UCDP is often used and referred to in international media regarding armed conflicts and organized violence, for instance in the
599:
1846:
223:
1322:
736:
215:
183:
20:
311:
The program divides armed conflict into three categories: "state-based conflict", "non-state conflict", and "one-sided violence".
199:
159:
571:
194:
1772:
1289:"Gapminder: Gapminder Foundation is fighting devastating ignorance with a fact-based worldview that everyone can understand"
514:
155:
154:
UCDP is part of several important collaborations, for instance the extensive and well-established collaborations with the
1596:
198:(GBD) program. The data is used by numerous Swedish and foreign government agencies and by many international NGOs, e.g.
188:
624:
543:
1856:
882:
Balk; et al. (2005). "Child hunger in the developing world: An analysis of environmental and social correlates".
1742:
178:, and serves as a main data source in high profile reports by organizations in the UN family including UN/WB, the
1851:
371:
271:
108:
1188:
1683:
1654:
414:
481:
neither of which is the government of a state, which results in at least 25 battle-related deaths in a year.”
1625:
1431:
1267:
649:
418:, research reports, documents of international and multinational organizations, publications by NGOs such as
1712:
1245:
Save the Children, 2019, ”Stop the War on Children: Protecting Children in 21st Century Conflict”, Germany,
1801:
1460:
1370:
1225:
707:
130:
neither actor is a state) and "one-sided violence" (where an organized actor attacks unarmed civilians).
1558:
1292:
423:
219:
1162:
World Bank, 2011. World Development Report 2011: Conflict Security and Development. World Washington DC
678:
1342:
1481:
389:
254:
207:
490:
or by a formally organized group against civilians which results in at least 25 deaths in a year.”
250:
192:, where it is the only indicator for measuring armed conflict and its levels of intensity, and the
595:
1518:
1132:
1024:
815:
504:
419:
401:
211:
171:
well as in studies that focus on agriculture, biodiversity and fisheries to name a few examples.
99:
60:
864:
807:
509:
319:
234:
203:
134:
936:
Bazzi & Blattman (2014). "Economic Shocks and Conflict: Evidence from Commodity Prices".
1124:
1092:
1082:
1051:
1014:
1006:
972:
945:
918:
891:
854:
846:
797:
789:
729:"Human Security Research Group - School for International Studies - Simon Fraser University"
397:
343:
318:
The program's definition differs somewhat from other data collection programs, such as the
1349:
1314:
728:
596:"UCDP Background - Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala University, Sweden"
327:
429:
UCDP staff members manually codes approximately 10 000-12 000 events on an annual basis.
1112:
859:
834:
568:"Publications - Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala University, Sweden"
409:
238:
230:
175:
1769:"Methodology - Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala University, Sweden"
1593:"Definitions - Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala University, Sweden"
850:
793:
757:
Dixon, Jeffrey. "What Causes Civil Wars? Integrating Quantitative Research Findings".
1840:
1055:
1028:
1136:
567:
1768:
1592:
819:
335:
246:
1010:
976:
895:
620:
539:
113:
The UCDP also makes its data publicly available through its interactive website,
646:"ViEWS - Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala University, Sweden"
412:. Additional sources include newly published books, case studies, journals like
339:
1246:
179:
363:
1453:"SIPRI Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security | SIPRI"
868:
811:
1734:
922:
623:. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Sweden.
367:
362:
against civilians, as well as actions of non-state organizations such as
331:
1151:
Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict.
1097:
645:
1042:
Carling, Jorgen (2007). "Unauthorized migration from Africa to Spain".
802:
393:
355:
258:
253:, as well as in some of the major international news agencies, such as
43:
1128:
1019:
949:
1087:
1070:
835:"Armed conflict and child mortality in Africa: a geospatial analysis"
133:
One of the leading researchers associated with the UCDP is Professor
47:
1675:
1646:
777:
1824:
1393:"The top 10 sources of data for international development research"
1343:
http://visionofhumanity.org/app/uploads/2017/06/GPI-2017-Report.pdf
1617:
1423:
1259:
359:
351:
224:
index that assesses the quality of governance in African countries
1704:
1452:
1793:
1362:
1217:
909:
Besley & Persson (2011). "The Logic of Political Violence".
300:
98:) is a data collection program on organized violence, based at
1550:
699:
405:
282:
in 1988-2017, and data on non-state conflicts appeared in the
242:
1288:
670:
1173:
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2017.
1071:"War and wildlife: linking armed conflict to conservation"
1618:"About the Correlates of War Project — Correlates of War"
992:"Brain waste? Educated immigrants in the US labor market"
1829:
1510:
1424:"About the Journal - Journal of Peace Research - PRIO"
1171:
The World Bank; FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2017.
287:
81:
114:
186:. UCDP data is an integral part of the World Bank’s
72:
Approximately 15 research assistants and researchers
19:"UCDP" redirects here. For the political party, see
76:
66:
53:
39:
31:
306:
286:in 2004-2013. Data are also disseminated via the
1176:Building resilience for peace and food security
1867:Research institutes of international relations
500:Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project
59:Department of Peace and Conflict Research, at
106:The UCDP's data is published annually in the
16:Data collection program of Uppsala University
8:
1247:https://www.stopwaronchildren.org/report.pdf
26:
1222:Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
590:
588:
323:the intensity of a "minor" armed conflict.
1189:"WDI Partners – World Bank Data Help Desk"
294:UCDP Conflict Encyclopedia (UCDP Database)
237:, and the main Swedish radio broadcaster,
25:
1096:
1086:
1018:
938:American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics
858:
801:
1075:Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
963:Beine; et al. (2011). "Diasporas".
307:UCDP's definitions of organized violence
1422:Oslo (PRIO), Peace Pesearch Institute.
540:"Uppsala Conflict Data Program - About"
526:
184:Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
1705:"UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
1676:"UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
1647:"UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
1511:"UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program"
1482:"Organizations and Resources Partners"
433:UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED)
1763:
1761:
1759:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
160:Quality of Government Institute (QoG)
7:
562:
560:
534:
532:
530:
156:Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)
1403:from the original on 28 March 2019
1149:United Nations; World Bank. 2018.
911:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
460:UCDP Battle-Related Deaths Dataset
14:
1363:"2019 Ibrahim Governance Weekend"
275:. UCDP data was published in the
216:Institute for Economics and Peace
21:United Christian Democratic Party
1391:Holden, Joseph (16 March 2016).
1218:"Global Burden of Disease (GBD)"
1056:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2007.00418.x
999:Journal of Development Economics
965:Journal of Development Economics
442:UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset
210:. UCDP data are included in the
174:UCDP is prominently used by the
1804:from the original on 2019-04-04
1775:from the original on 2019-04-06
1745:from the original on 2019-04-02
1715:from the original on 2019-04-02
1686:from the original on 2019-04-02
1657:from the original on 2019-04-02
1628:from the original on 2019-04-08
1599:from the original on 2019-04-02
1561:from the original on 2019-01-18
1521:from the original on 2019-04-02
1492:from the original on 2018-04-13
1463:from the original on 2015-12-25
1434:from the original on 2017-07-01
1373:from the original on 2019-04-03
1325:from the original on 2019-06-19
1295:from the original on 2019-04-08
1270:from the original on 2019-12-26
1228:from the original on 2019-04-09
1199:from the original on 2019-12-06
739:from the original on 2018-10-18
710:from the original on 2018-03-10
681:from the original on 2019-04-10
652:from the original on 2019-04-03
627:from the original on 2019-04-03
602:from the original on 2019-04-15
574:from the original on 2019-04-06
546:from the original on 2019-04-03
485:UCDP One-sided Violence Dataset
476:UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset
222:makes use of UCDP data for its
200:Save the Children International
1794:"UCDP Dataset Download Center"
1:
1862:Research institutes in Sweden
1011:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.05.001
977:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.11.004
896:10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.10.007
851:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31437-5
794:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
515:Peace Research Institute Oslo
92:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
27:Uppsala Conflict Data Program
1069:Gaynor; et al. (2016).
990:Mattoo; et al. (2008).
833:Wagner; et al. (2018).
776:Lozano; et al. (2012).
759:International Studies Review
328:inter-ethnic group conflicts
301:UCDP Dataset Download Center
189:World Development Indicators
1735:"LibGuides: Factiva: About"
1883:
1847:Peace and conflict studies
1260:"Small Arms Survey - Home"
1193:datahelpdesk.worldbank.org
1153:Washington, DC: World Bank
255:Agence France-Presse (AFP)
18:
388:of the global newswires (
272:Journal of Peace Research
109:Journal of Peace Research
415:Africa Research Bulletin
195:Global Burden of Disease
1622:www.correlatesofwar.org
1264:www.smallarmssurvey.org
1044:International Migration
1739:proquest.libguides.com
1733:Devillard, Francoise.
1551:"UCDP Download Center"
372:Lord's Resistance Army
1367:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
1313:Humanity, Vision of.
424:Amnesty International
284:Human Security Report
220:Mo Ibrahim Foundation
1315:"Global Peace Index"
338:conflict, and inter-
788:(9859): 2095–2128.
451:UCDP Dyadic Dataset
374:against civilians.
251:The Washington Post
55:Parent organization
28:
1857:Uppsala University
1348:2017-10-21 at the
1319:Vision of Humanity
1117:Fish and Fisheries
923:10.1093/qje/qjr025
845:(10150): 857–865.
505:Casualty recording
420:Human Rights Watch
212:Global Peace Index
166:Usage of UCDP data
100:Uppsala University
61:Uppsala University
1129:10.1111/faf.12314
950:10.1257/mac.6.4.1
510:Correlates of War
408:) in addition to
320:Correlates of War
235:Svenska Dagbladet
204:Small Arms Survey
135:Peter Wallensteen
88:
87:
1874:
1852:Aftermath of war
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1589:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1547:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1359:
1353:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1185:
1179:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1123:(6): 1092–1109.
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1090:
1088:10.1002/fee.1433
1066:
1060:
1059:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1022:
996:
987:
981:
980:
960:
954:
953:
933:
927:
926:
917:(3): 1411–1445.
906:
900:
899:
890:(5–6): 584–611.
879:
873:
872:
862:
830:
824:
823:
805:
773:
767:
766:
754:
748:
747:
745:
744:
725:
719:
718:
716:
715:
696:
690:
689:
687:
686:
667:
661:
660:
658:
657:
642:
636:
635:
633:
632:
617:
611:
610:
608:
607:
592:
583:
582:
580:
579:
564:
555:
554:
552:
551:
536:
344:Mexican Drug War
342:violence in the
84:
29:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1837:
1836:
1821:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1746:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1687:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1660:
1658:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1495:
1493:
1486:www.css.ethz.ch
1480:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1464:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1350:Wayback Machine
1341:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1113:Belhabib, Dyhia
1111:
1110:
1106:
1081:(10): 533–542.
1068:
1067:
1063:
1041:
1040:
1036:
994:
989:
988:
984:
962:
961:
957:
935:
934:
930:
908:
907:
903:
881:
880:
876:
832:
831:
827:
775:
774:
770:
756:
755:
751:
742:
740:
727:
726:
722:
713:
711:
698:
697:
693:
684:
682:
669:
668:
664:
655:
653:
644:
643:
639:
630:
628:
619:
618:
614:
605:
603:
594:
593:
586:
577:
575:
566:
565:
558:
549:
547:
538:
537:
528:
524:
496:
487:
478:
462:
453:
444:
435:
385:
383:Data collection
380:
309:
296:
267:
168:
152:
143:
123:
80:
69:
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1820:
1819:External links
1817:
1815:
1814:
1785:
1755:
1725:
1696:
1667:
1638:
1609:
1571:
1531:
1502:
1473:
1444:
1414:
1383:
1354:
1335:
1305:
1280:
1251:
1238:
1224:. 2014-03-29.
1209:
1180:
1164:
1155:
1142:
1104:
1061:
1034:
1005:(2): 255–269.
982:
955:
928:
901:
874:
825:
768:
765:(11): 707–735.
749:
720:
691:
671:"Home | V-Dem"
662:
637:
612:
584:
556:
525:
523:
520:
519:
518:
512:
507:
502:
495:
492:
486:
483:
477:
474:
461:
458:
452:
449:
443:
440:
434:
431:
410:BBC Monitoring
384:
381:
379:
376:
308:
305:
295:
292:
266:
263:
239:Sveriges Radio
231:Dagens Nyheter
176:United Nations
167:
164:
151:
148:
142:
139:
122:
119:
86:
85:
78:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
57:
54:
51:
50:
41:
37:
36:
33:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1879:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1830:UCDP database
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1726:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1668:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1462:
1458:
1457:www.sipri.org
1454:
1448:
1445:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
993:
986:
983:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
956:
951:
947:
943:
939:
932:
929:
924:
920:
916:
912:
905:
902:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
875:
870:
866:
861:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
772:
769:
764:
760:
753:
750:
738:
734:
730:
724:
721:
709:
705:
701:
695:
692:
680:
676:
675:www.v-dem.net
672:
666:
663:
651:
647:
641:
638:
626:
622:
616:
613:
601:
597:
591:
589:
585:
573:
569:
563:
561:
557:
545:
541:
535:
533:
531:
527:
521:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
484:
482:
475:
473:
469:
465:
459:
457:
450:
448:
441:
439:
432:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
382:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
321:
316:
312:
304:
302:
293:
291:
289:
285:
281:
279:
274:
273:
264:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:
191:
190:
185:
181:
177:
172:
165:
163:
161:
157:
149:
147:
140:
138:
136:
131:
127:
120:
118:
116:
112:
110:
104:
101:
97:
93:
83:
79:
75:
71:
65:
62:
58:
52:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
30:
22:
1834:
1825:UCDP website
1806:. Retrieved
1797:
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1747:. Retrieved
1738:
1728:
1717:. Retrieved
1708:
1699:
1688:. Retrieved
1679:
1670:
1659:. Retrieved
1650:
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1621:
1612:
1601:. Retrieved
1563:. Retrieved
1554:
1523:. Retrieved
1514:
1505:
1494:. Retrieved
1485:
1476:
1465:. Retrieved
1456:
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1428:www.prio.org
1427:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1397:The Guardian
1396:
1386:
1375:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1338:
1327:. Retrieved
1318:
1308:
1297:. Retrieved
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1241:
1230:. Retrieved
1221:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1178:. Rome, FAO.
1175:
1172:
1167:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1098:11343/292187
1078:
1074:
1064:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1002:
998:
985:
971:(1): 30–41.
968:
964:
958:
941:
937:
931:
914:
910:
904:
887:
883:
877:
842:
838:
828:
785:
781:
771:
762:
758:
752:
741:. Retrieved
732:
723:
712:. Retrieved
703:
694:
683:. Retrieved
674:
665:
654:. Retrieved
640:
629:. Retrieved
621:"About UCDP"
615:
604:. Retrieved
576:. Retrieved
548:. Retrieved
488:
479:
470:
466:
463:
454:
445:
436:
428:
413:
386:
348:
330:such as the
325:
317:
313:
310:
297:
288:UCDP website
283:
276:
270:
268:
265:Publications
247:The Guardian
228:
193:
187:
173:
169:
153:
144:
141:Organization
132:
128:
124:
115:UCDP website
107:
105:
95:
91:
89:
32:Abbreviation
1050:(4): 3–37.
944:(4): 1–38.
884:Food Policy
803:10292/13775
406:Agencia EFE
150:Cooperation
1841:Categories
1808:2019-04-09
1798:ucdp.uu.se
1779:2019-04-09
1749:2019-04-09
1719:2019-04-09
1709:ucdp.uu.se
1690:2019-04-09
1680:ucdp.uu.se
1661:2019-04-09
1651:ucdp.uu.se
1632:2019-04-09
1603:2019-04-09
1565:2019-04-09
1555:ucdp.uu.se
1525:2019-04-09
1515:ucdp.uu.se
1496:2019-04-09
1467:2019-04-09
1438:2019-04-09
1377:2019-04-09
1329:2019-04-09
1299:2019-04-09
1274:2019-04-09
1232:2019-04-09
1203:2019-04-09
1020:10986/8931
839:The Lancet
782:The Lancet
743:2019-04-09
733:www.sfu.ca
714:2019-04-09
685:2019-04-09
656:2019-04-09
631:2019-04-09
606:2019-04-09
578:2019-04-09
550:2019-04-09
522:References
370:, and the
218:, and the
182:, and the
180:World Bank
121:Background
40:Founded at
1029:154232475
378:UCDP Data
364:Los Zetas
208:GapMinder
1802:Archived
1773:Archived
1743:Archived
1713:Archived
1684:Archived
1655:Archived
1626:Archived
1597:Archived
1559:Archived
1519:Archived
1490:Archived
1461:Archived
1432:Archived
1401:Archived
1371:Archived
1346:Archived
1323:Archived
1293:Archived
1268:Archived
1226:Archived
1197:Archived
1137:91503426
869:30173907
812:23245604
737:Archived
708:Archived
679:Archived
650:Archived
625:Archived
600:Archived
572:Archived
544:Archived
494:See also
368:al-Qaeda
332:Lou Nuer
280:Yearbook
1407:9 April
860:6338336
820:1541253
394:Reuters
356:Myanmar
259:Reuters
214:of the
77:Website
68:Staff
44:Uppsala
1135:
1027:
867:
857:
818:
810:
704:ENCoRe
700:"Home"
517:(PRIO)
402:Xinhua
358:, and
340:cartel
249:, and
48:Sweden
1133:S2CID
1025:S2CID
995:(PDF)
816:S2CID
404:, or
360:Syria
352:Sudan
336:Murle
278:SIPRI
1409:2019
865:PMID
808:PMID
763:2009
422:and
257:and
206:and
96:UCDP
90:The
82:UCDP
35:UCDP
1125:doi
1093:hdl
1083:doi
1052:doi
1015:hdl
1007:doi
973:doi
946:doi
919:doi
915:126
892:doi
855:PMC
847:doi
843:392
798:hdl
790:doi
786:380
390:AFP
243:BBC
1843::
1800:.
1796:.
1771:.
1758:^
1741:.
1737:.
1711:.
1707:.
1682:.
1678:.
1653:.
1649:.
1624:.
1620:.
1595:.
1574:^
1557:.
1553:.
1534:^
1517:.
1513:.
1488:.
1484:.
1459:.
1455:.
1430:.
1426:.
1399:.
1395:.
1369:.
1365:.
1321:.
1317:.
1291:.
1266:.
1262:.
1220:.
1195:.
1191:.
1131:.
1121:19
1119:.
1091:.
1079:14
1077:.
1073:.
1048:45
1046:.
1023:.
1013:.
1003:87
1001:.
997:.
969:95
967:.
940:.
913:.
888:30
886:.
863:.
853:.
841:.
837:.
814:.
806:.
796:.
784:.
780:.
761:.
735:.
731:.
706:.
702:.
677:.
673:.
648:.
598:.
587:^
570:.
559:^
542:.
529:^
400:,
398:AP
396:,
392:,
366:,
354:,
346:.
290:.
245:,
233:,
226:.
202:,
117:.
46:,
1811:.
1782:.
1752:.
1722:.
1693:.
1664:.
1635:.
1606:.
1568:.
1528:.
1499:.
1470:.
1441:.
1411:.
1380:.
1352:.
1332:.
1302:.
1277:.
1249:.
1235:.
1206:.
1139:.
1127::
1101:.
1095::
1085::
1058:.
1054::
1031:.
1017::
1009::
979:.
975::
952:.
948::
942:6
925:.
921::
898:.
894::
871:.
849::
822:.
800::
792::
746:.
717:.
688:.
659:.
634:.
609:.
581:.
553:.
334:–
111:.
94:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.