215:. The law allowed for people to organize, control, adapt, and change their living environment by themselves, reinforcing the self-organization concept of the Narmak project. This all made it possible for the residents to add character to their residence and create a sense of place. Unlike most developments up into that point in Iran which were segregated zones, Narmak contained a variety of people from different backgrounds. The land-ownership that was set up and maintained throughout the years has created a particularly resilient neighborhood identity.
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leisure zone, Fadak Park, was created to host public cultural facilities. Furthermore, a French prefabrication system, KALAD, was intended to be used for residential construction, but only 370 were built using local materials. Utilization of new construction methods and materials were a result of a desire by people to have high quality
European style living. Even though low-cost housing projects were not desirable to many architects and developers of the time, the AIAD saw it as an opportunity to implement modern ideas.
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supervision by the bank. The majority chose the second option, which led to “the heterogeneity and polarity of modern experiences and the sense of place” described by Umbach and
Huppauf. The localization and adaptation in individual houses, based on local materials and market force, integrated traditional crafts and migrant labor capacities.
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to the streets of Narmak. Secondly, the architects placed a Meydan in the center of each block; a garden which creates a place of joy, happiness, encounter, and familiarity for the residents. Finally, the individual houses, typically a one-story detached houses of three typologies, were surrounded by
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Narmak was constructed on 506 hectares, in which 184, 225, and 97 hectares were allocated to the squares and streets, dwellings, and public amenities, respectively. The layout includes six main boulevards and their subsequent intersecting lanes. The grid forms 110 blocks in which all contain a public
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set out in “The
Functional City” and the Athens Charter of 1943. The charter explained the necessary town conditions of Dwellings, Recreation, Working, and Transportation, which highlighted the advantages of collective organization. To implement modernist principles and prior to planning for the new
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Nazi Abad is an urban neighborhood located in southern Tehran. Located in the 16th district of the city, the district is less wealthy than Narmak or TehranPars but remains one of the best places to reside in the city. The project was funded by Bank
Sakhtemani from 1952 to 1954 and designed by AIAD.
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Nazi Abad existed prior to investment and construction by Bank
Sakhtemani and AIAD being founded by the Qajar aristocracy prior to the 20th century, hence the origins of its name. During the modernization of Iran, development was focused around creating a district attractive to industrial workers.
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By providing mortgages for the construction of new houses, Bank
Sakhtemani was able to self-organize and support the project independent of external investments. The neighborhood was planned over a 7-month period with no government support. Subsequently, the plot owners were able to realize their
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community. Its construction was in response to the continued growth of the population of Tehran. Although remaining a successful neighborhood, it lacked the necessary infrastructure to be a self-sustaining city. TehranPars lacks the sense of place present in Narmak, through the absence of iconic
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For faster construction, the architects erected buildings with a mix of load-bearing brick walls and steel skeleton to show locals that it would be possible to build using local materials. Residents had the option of either ordering from Bank
Sakhtemani or building their own homes with technical
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In the intersection between the central north–south and west–east boulevards, a large plaza, Haft Hoz, was placed which is surrounded by administrative towers, municipal buildings, hospital, and commercial buildings. Along other main boulevards, a series of small public facilities were placed. A
142:. Located in the 4th and 8th district of Tehran, the district consists of 110 distinctly sized squares with major nodes being Haft Hoz Square and Fadak Park. The project is designed by the AIAD and funded by Bank Sakhtemani from 1952 to 1958. It is home to more than 340,000 residents.
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TehranPars (Persian: تهران‌پارس) is an urban neighborhood located in the 4th and 8th districts of northeastern Tehran. The district consists of 4 main squares and bordered on the west by Narmak. The project was funded by Bank
Sakhtemani from 1958 to 1972 and designed by AIAD.
89:, the Iranian government looked inward for income by investing in infrastructural and agricultural projects. It is during this period that the Bank Sakhtemani was established to create capital and funding for infrastructure projects throughout Iran, including
122:, hence practicing a vernacular modernism. Decades onward, these neighborhoods still maintain their underlying structure which organized them and makes them identifiable even though social and economic factors of the society have changed.
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city limits by
Sakhtemani Bank for development into towns. Bank Sakhtemani collaborated with The Association of Iranian Architect Diploma (AIAD) to prepare master plans for these projects. The first of these projects were
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Today it consists of low to working class housing, a university, industrial zones, and a large green space to the northwest. It is based on a looser grid than the other two districts.
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The architects of Narmak aspired to apply
Persian vernacular architecture to modern principles to create familiarity for the residents. First, the architects applied the idea of the
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homes by dividing their land into two or three parcels and selling all but one. This was made possible by the private ownership law of 1906, during the
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for inspiration. Chandigarh represented what they were aiming for, a successful application of modernist principles on a newly developed town.
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square in the center. Up to six east–west dead end alleys were driven from each square to subdivide the lots for development.
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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Narmak (Persian: نارمک) is an urban neighborhood located in northeastern Tehran, the capital of
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Urban change in Iran: stories of rooted histories and ever-accelerating developments
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In its approach to Narmak's planning, the AIAD was inspired by the philosophy of
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were first conceived and applied in Iran beginning in 1952. During the
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During World War 2, it was meant to house workers from Germany.
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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