316:, including all the region north of the River Trent and in close proximity to it. This destroyed British supremacy in "the old North" and resulted in the war. Its eventual outcome and legacy, however, was the development and expansion of the Mercian kingdom beyond its original focal point in the Trent Valley around Tamworth and Repton. After the Battle of the Trent in 679, the border between Mercia and Northumbria appears to have been settled, with the provinces of Elmet and Heathfield becoming part of Northumbria and the provinces of The Peak District and Lindsey becoming part of Mercia. The Britons appear to retire quietly to Wales and, at least at the start of the Mercian kingdom, relations between the Mercians and the Welsh were of equal respect.
220:
297:
265:(Maes Gai) – Penda continued attempts to eject the Northumbrians, building to this November battle. Penda was killed and the Mercians and Britons defeated. Oswiu of Northumbria then set up Peada as 'King' of Mercia under Northumbrian control. It was said of the battle that the river rose in flood and as many were killed by drowning as in the battle.
216:
was killed. There are two possible locations which lay claim for this battle site. Either
Hatfield Chase near Doncaster, near where a small former Roman fort at Kirk Sandall guards the south bank of the Don; or Hatfield near Cuckney in Nottinghamshire, near a former Roman camp at
122:
Oswestry has been suggested as the site of the battle of
Maserfelth: it is also too far from the battle zone and an unlikely location as the Welsh and the Mercians were allies at this time. Wirksworth in the Peak District is the principal candidate for the location of
72:
is uncertain, as is its location; this difficulty is compounded by the fact that the place-names of other locations mentioned in relation to the siege also cause interpretative problems. A geographical survey of
Britain in the eighth-century
381:'Early medieval Chester 400-1230', in A History of the County of Chester: Volume 5 Part 1, the City of Chester: General History and Topography, ed. C P Lewis and A T Thacker (London, 2003), pp. 16-33. British History Online
151:. The Northumbrians had the victory and allegedly slaughtered a large number of monks nearby who had prayed for a British victory. The Northumbrians were then able to take control of the area north of the
258:
of
Gwynedd by "delivering all the treasures which were in the city into the hands of Penda, and Penda distributed them to the Kings of the British, this is called the Restitution of Iudeu".
348:
185:
75:
490:
Brooks N, 1989, “The formation of the
Mercian Kingdom” in Bassett S, The origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms, London, Leicester University Press, pp 158-170
468:
Brooks N, 1989, “The formation of the
Mercian Kingdom” in Bassett S, The origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms, London, Leicester University Press, pp158-170
201:– A Northumbrian victory, the British and Mercian army defeated. Recent archaeological work at Heronbridge near Chester has identified the battle site.
176:(History of the Britons). Earlier, in a more incoherent way, some of the battles had been noted from the Northumbrian viewpoint by the Venerable
228:
636: Morfael, a
British leader, attacked Caer Llwydgoed (Old Welsh Cair Luit Coit, probably Wirksworth) and killed a bishop during the battle.
167:
and lesser known north–south Roman routes. These roads gave entry, respectively, to
Northumbria from the south and to Mercia from the north.
420:
Davies S, 2010, The Battle of
Chester and Warfare in Post-Roman Britain, Wiley, History, Vol. 95, No. 2 (318) (APRIL 2010), pp. 143-158
111:
was on the Firth of Forth. But this location is far beyond the kingdoms involved in the war and recent research has suggested that
300:
The
Wirksworth Sceatt, a Northumbrian coin from the reign of King Eadberht, found at an archaeological dig in the town in 1986
549:
159:, then attempted to regain control of the area from the Northumbrians. This resulted in a war which took place up and down
255:
502:
Gelling M, 1992, The West Midlands in the Early Middle Ages, Leicester, Leicester University Press, pp 94-100, pp 125-145
517:
Jebson T, 2006, The Anglo Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript E (The “Peterborough”) Bodleian Library MS Laud 636, accessed at
499:
Foot S, 1993, “The Kingdom of Lindsey” in Pre-Viking Lindsey, Lincoln, City of Lincoln Archaeological Unit, pp 128-140
487:
Brady L, 2017, Writing the Welsh Borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England, Manchester, Manchester University Press, p 40
450:
Brady L, 2017 Writing the Welsh Borderlands in Anglo-Saxon England, Manchester, Manchester University Press, p 40
49:
30:
44:
in the years 616–679. This war was fought in the area north of the River Trent, in particular in and around the
554:
325:
205:
535:
Zaluckyj S, 2001, Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England, Almeley, Logaston Press, pp 28-30, p35
273:
459:
Zaluckyj S, 2001, Mercia: The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Central England, Almeley, Logaston Press, pp 28-30, p3
305:
262:
236:
277:
481:
Bede, 731AD, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 3 accessed at Fordham University on
232:
213:
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19:(Urbs Judeu/Ludeu) was a city, whose location is now unknown, which according to the ninth-century
493:
Brooks N, 2000, “Anglo-Saxon Myths: State and Church 400-1066”, London, Hambledon press, pp 69-77
269:
209:
172:
57:
21:
508:
Grigg E, 2015, Early Medieval Dykes (400 to 850 AD), Thesis Phd, University of Manchester, p 271
505:
Giles JA, 2000, History of the Britons by Nennius, Cambridge, In parentheses Publications, p 28.
402:
Giles JA, 2000, History of the Britons by Nennius, Cambridge, In parentheses Publications, p 28.
287:– The Northumbrians are wholly defeated by the Mercians at an unknown site near the River Trent.
441:
Grigg E, 2015, Early Medieval Dykes (400 to 850 AD), Thesis Phd, University of Manchester, p271
243:. The battle took place where the western branch of Ermine Street crosses the Cock Beck at the
364:
198:
148:
532:
Yorke B, 1990, Kings and Kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England, London, Routledge, pp 100-127
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382:
356:
304:
The battles of the Northumbrian–Mercian war resulted from Northumbrian attempts to expand
240:
160:
26:
529:
Welch M in Brown MP and Farr CA, 2001, Mercia, London, Leicester University Press, p153
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95:. The superficial similarity of the names has led many scholars to assume that Bede's
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140:
136:
127:
due to its antiquity, its strategic location and its Roman and Northumbrian remains.
45:
523:
Mathews K, 2006, Marwnad Cynddylan (The death of Cynddylan), section 8, accessed at
496:
Collins R, 1999, Early Mediaeval Europe 300-1000, Basingstoke, MacMillan, pp 186-195
219:
432:
Collins R, 1999 Early Mediaeval Europe 300-1000, Basingstoke, MacMillan, pp186-195
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Collins R, 1999 Early Mediaeval Europe 300-1000, Basingstoke, MacMillan, pp186-195
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360:
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Halsall P, 1998, Annales Cambriae 447-954, accessed at Fordham University on
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235:(also known as the battle of Maes Cogwy or The Battle of Aberford) in which
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The siege can be seen as an important episode in a long-running war between
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as King of Northumbria. In 674, Wulfhere dies and is replaced by
411:
Bede, 731AD Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 3
208:– A Northumbrian army was defeated by an alliance of Mercia and
177:
80:
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king of Mercia. In 670, Oswiu dies and is succeeded by his son
60:(Lincoln), as these were provinces of Northumbria at the time.
91:") on the Firth of Forth, generally thought to be what is now
223:
Wirksworth Stone, a sarcophagus lid of Northumbrian sculpture
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of Northumbria was compelled to buy off Penda of Mercia and
139:, apparently attempting to expand their kingdom under King
513:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/annalescambriae.html
383:
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/ches/vol5/pt1/pp16-33
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657–674: The Mercian nobility rebel, kill Peada and make
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The series of battles and sieges was recorded in the
155:. The Britons (i.e. the Welsh), supported by the
525:http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/texts.html
349:"Urbs Giudi: text, translation and topography"
308:, which originally comprised the provinces of
8:
186:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
76:Ecclesiastical History of the English People
250:655: The siege of Urbs Iudeu at which King
483:http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.html
218:
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182:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
422:https://www.jstor.org/stable/24428809
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131:Background and origins of the battle
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519:http://asc.jebbo.co.uk/e/e-L.html
347:Aitchison, Nick (2023-09-11).
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135:In or about 616 AD, the
571:
99:was the same place as the
68:The etymology of the name
25:was besieged in 655 AD by
361:10.1017/S0263675123000078
247:(ancient fortifications).
192:Battle sites and episodes
48:(Wirksworth) also around
31:Cadafael, King of Gwynedd
326:List of Anglo-Welsh wars
206:Battle of Hatfield Chase
147:and their allies at the
83:mentions a place called
119:were different places.
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224:
550:Lost cities and towns
299:
263:Battle of the Winwaed
237:Oswald of Northumbria
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27:Penda, King of Mercia
233:Battle of Maserfield
214:Edwin of Northumbria
143:, fought the native
353:Anglo-Saxon England
292:Outcomes and legacy
285:Battle of the Trent
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280:as King of Mercia.
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173:Historia Brittonum
101:Historia Brittonum
64:Place and location
22:Historia Brittonum
199:Battle of Chester
149:Battle of Chester
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239:was defeated by
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87:("the town of
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475:Bibliography
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153:River Trent
107:, and that
42:Northumbria
544:Categories
332:References
141:Æthelfrith
125:Urbs Iudeu
117:urbs Giudi
113:urbs Iudeu
109:urbs Iudeu
105:urbs Iudeu
97:urbs Giudi
85:urbs Giudi
70:Urbs Iudeu
50:Heathfield
17:Urbs Iudeu
369:0263-6751
355:: 1–41.
320:See also
314:Bernicia
278:Æthelred
274:Ecgfrith
270:Wulfhere
256:Cadafael
157:Mercians
93:Stirling
210:Gwynedd
180:in his
145:Britons
58:Lindsey
367:
212:, and
38:Mercia
29:, and
310:Deira
283:679:
261:655:
252:Oswiu
231:642:
204:633:
197:616:
89:Giudi
54:Elmet
365:ISSN
312:and
178:Bede
115:and
81:Bede
40:and
357:doi
188:).
103:'s
79:by
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363:.
351:.
339:^
163:,
33:.
371:.
359::
184:(
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