39:
398:
383:
149:
In a small minority of cases of the urethral syndrome, treatment with antibiotics is effective, which indicates that in some cases it may be caused by a bacterial infection which does not show up in either
158:. For chronic urethral syndrome, a long term, low-dose antibiotic treatment is given on a continuous basis or after intercourse each time if intercourse appears to trigger symptoms.
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173:(birth-control pills) containing oestrogen are also used to treat the symptoms of this condition in women.
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Wilkinson, Ian B.; Raine, Tim; Wiles, Kate; Goodhart, Anna; Hall, Catriona; O'Neill, Harriet (2017).
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249:. Oxford Medical Handbooks (10th ed.). Oxford Academic. pp. 292–321, See p. 296.
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Some physicians believe that urethral syndrome may be due to a low grade infection of the
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288:
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gland in the male, thus urethral syndrome may share a comparable cause with chronic
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Signs indicative of urethral syndrome include a history of chronic recurrent
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210:
Hamilton-Miller JM (May 1994). "The urethral syndrome and its management".
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Possible non-infective causes include hormonal imbalance, trauma,
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95:(UTI) in the absence of both conventional bacterial growth and
287:
Brumfitt W, Hamilton-Miller JM, Gillespie WA (July 1991).
122:. The Skene's glands are embryologically related to the
165:
may also be considered a source for urethral syndrome,
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51:is defined as symptoms suggestive of a lower
8:
141:, and post-surgical scarring and adhesions.
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37:
18:
312:
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646:Urologic chronic pelvic pain syndrome
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334:
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289:"The mysterious "urethral syndrome""
247:Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine
255:10.1093/med/9780199689903.003.0007
55:but in the absence of significant
14:
107:). Episodes are often related to
118:on the sides and bottom of the
570:Neurogenic bladder dysfunction
137:, anatomical features such as
1:
575:Bladder sphincter dyssynergia
167:hormone replacement therapy
752:
83:should also be ruled out.
608:Non-gonococcal urethritis
220:10.1093/jac/33.suppl_A.63
661:Retroperitoneal fibrosis
580:Vesicointestinal fistula
212:J. Antimicrob. Chemother
93:urinary tract infections
656:Urinary tract infection
171:oral contraceptive pill
53:urinary tract infection
305:10.1136/bmj.303.6793.1
214:. 33. Suppl A: 63–73.
65:diagnosis of exclusion
585:Vesicoureteral reflux
548:Interstitial cystitis
183:Interstitial cystitis
693:Urinary incontinence
651:Obstructive uropathy
563:Hemorrhagic cystitis
59:with a conventional
341:"Urethral Syndrome"
243:"7. Renal medicine"
620:Urethral stricture
525:Ureteric stricture
418:External resources
339:Terris, Martha K.
109:sexual intercourse
731:Urethra disorders
718:
717:
630:Urethral caruncle
615:Urethral syndrome
452:
451:
443:Urethral syndrome
264:978-0-19-968990-3
101:white blood cells
67:in patients with
49:Urethral syndrome
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22:Urethral syndrome
16:Medical condition
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492:Diseases of the
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105:high power field
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625:Meatal stenosis
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553:Hunner's ulcer
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370:Classification
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362:External links
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116:Skene's glands
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71:and frequency
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671:Bladder stone
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494:urinary tract
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299:(6793): 1–2.
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99:(more than 5
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75:demonstrable
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688:Malakoplakia
676:Kidney stone
666:Urolithiasis
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457:patient.info
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348:. Retrieved
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79:. In women,
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48:
47:
681:Renal colic
515:Ureterocele
188:Prostatitis
139:diverticula
128:prostatitis
57:bacteriuria
725:Categories
603:Urethritis
558:Trigonitis
520:Megaureter
510:Ureteritis
438:Patient UK
350:2008-09-25
194:References
152:urinalysis
63:. It is a
736:Syndromes
427:eMedicine
345:eMedicine
163:oestrogen
154:or urine
145:Treatment
135:allergies
81:vaginitis
77:infection
28:Specialty
708:Overflow
543:Cystitis
432:med/3081
177:See also
124:prostate
61:pathogen
639:Any/all
595:Urethra
535:Bladder
323:1859947
314:1670265
228:7928838
161:As low
156:culture
120:urethra
73:without
69:dysuria
33:Urology
698:Stress
502:Ureter
408:597.81
321:
311:
261:
226:
97:pyuria
87:Causes
35:
393:N34.3
703:Urge
403:9-CM
319:PMID
259:ISBN
224:PMID
169:and
103:per
399:ICD
384:ICD
309:PMC
301:doi
297:303
293:BMJ
251:doi
216:doi
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388:10
343:.
331:^
317:.
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295:.
291:.
273:^
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202:^
130:.
111:.
485:e
478:t
471:v
401:-
386:-
376:D
353:.
325:.
303::
267:.
253::
230:.
218::
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