276:
43:
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met with criticism in the
Admiralty, Parliament, and the press, detailed reconnaissance and the removal of Russian presence were sensible operations in preparation for possible plans in 1856. Stirling's instruction to take possession might have been misinterpreted by the headstrong Nicolson, leading to a ceremony that, while Gilbertian and possibly morale-boosting, achieved little beyond providing entertainment for locals (Stephan, cit. opt.).
136:
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1396:(Amsterdam, 1766) contained a list and description of the Kuril Islands, including Urup whose people were said to trade with the Japanese but were not under their control. A small Russian presence was established on Urup by the fur trader Ivan Chernyi in 1768, acting on instructions from the governor of
1550:
Allied naval operations in the
Pacific during the Crimean War were characterized by inglorious and often farcical episodes, with the formal annexation of Urup standing out as a particularly curious incident. The main Russian settlement on the island was Tavano, where an Anglo-French force arrived in
1546:
The island of Urup, at that time, was inhabited by Ainu, with a few
Russian and Aleut residents working for the Russian-American company. This company, responsible for the Russian territory of Alaska and fur trading activities in the Kurils and Pacific coast of Siberia, shared a common interest with
1554:
Upon reaching Urup on 26 August, the ships were delayed in making port due to thick fog and changeable winds. Nicolson, finding the harbor too small, anchored just outside and described the village as consisting of wooden houses and storehouses used by
Russians, along with huts occupied by natives.
1566:
Reflecting on this historical episode, it is conceivable that
Stirling's insistence on actual annexation was unnecessary, given the overwhelming allied sea power. However, he might have sought concrete accomplishments to deflect blame for failures in other 1855 operations. While the annexation was
1562:
The annexation ceremony involved presentations of arms, hoisting flags, and salutes, with storehouses burnt and the battery destroyed afterward. The allies left Urup the next day due to fog, concluding their operations in the
Pacific during the 1855 season. The Treaty of Paris in 1856 restored all
1558:
Nicolson, energetic and thorough, initiated a hydrographic survey, ordered topographic observations, and named prominent points. The central event during their stay at Urup was the annexation on 2 September 1855. Details of the proceedings, preserved in
Nicolson's dispatch, highlighted the allies'
1534:
At the onset of the war, both sides were eager to secure their positions regarding Japan, leading to agreements with the Anglo-Japanese
Convention of 14 October 1854. This agreement allowed British ships access to the ports of Nagasaki and Hakodate on Hokkaido for repairs, fresh water, provisions,
1530:
For enthusiasts intrigued by unconventional historical occurrences, it is noteworthy that Great
Britain and France once held territorial interests in the region. In 1855, during the Crimean War (1853-56), both nations took the remarkable step of annexing Urup, one of the largest Kuril islands, as
1416:
During the decade following 1795, a party of 40 Russian men and women under
Zvezdochetov established a colony they called "Slavorossiia" on Urup. In 1801, the Japanese government officially claimed control of the island, incorporating it into Ezo Province (now Hokkaidō Prefecture). This led to a
1542:
Rear-Admiral Sir J. Stirling, the naval Commander-in-Chief on the China Station, negotiated these agreements and became aware of the Treaty of Shimoda's conclusion. To avoid any embarrassing situations, he gathered intelligence on its provisions to plan operations on Russian settlements in the
1538:
Simultaneously, the Russians sought rights in Japanese ports for their own ships and aimed to delineate the frontier between the two nations in the Kurils. The Treaty of Shimoda, signed on 7 February 1855, achieved this by establishing the boundary between the Japanese island of Iturup and the
375:
Urup is essentially rectangular in shape, with a long axis of 120 kilometers (75 miles) and a narrow axis of about 20 kilometers (12 miles). It is the fourth largest of the Kuril Islands, with an area of 1,430 square kilometres (552 square miles). The highest point is
1547:
the Hudson's Bay Company. A meeting in London led both companies to persuade their respective governments to agree to a neutrality pact concerning their North American settlements, resulting in the British refraining from attacking Alaska during the Crimean War.
1664:
1535:
and other supplies. This strategic advantage enabled the allies to use these ports as bases for launching attacks on Russian settlements in the northwest Pacific. This was particularly advantageous, given that their next nearest base was in Hong Kong.
1551:
late August 1855, led by HMS Pique and the French Sybille. The decision to assign Captain F. W. E. Nicolson to this mission was potentially unfortunate, considering his role in the previous year's Franco-British assault on Petropavlovsk, Kamchatka.
152:
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stationed approximately 6,000 troops on Urup, including the IJA 129th Independent Mixed Brigade, 5th Independent Tank Company, 23rd Independent AA Company, 80th Airfield Battalion and 6th Disembarkation Unit. During the
2716:
1672:
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part of their aggressive policy against Russian settlements. This strategy involved attacking Russians wherever they could be found, and the Pacific Ocean served as a prominent theatre for these operations.
1331:
spread it through other European maps for another century before more accurate surveys became generally accepted. The original location of Vries's landing is sometimes specifically located on Urup.
1543:
Kurils. Consequently, an attack on Urup was initiated, aiming to reduce a reported Russian settlement and establish a naval base more firmly under allied control than those accessible in Japan.
1449:
of 1854), and sailing further north, landed on Urup, taking official possession of the island as "l'Isle de l'Alliance" and nominating a local Aleut inhabitant as provisional governor. The
1559:
declaration of Russia being deprived of its rights and the solemn possession-taking of Urup, an island ceded by Japan to the Russian Emperor in the last treaty between the two nations.
1871:
Thierry Mormanne : "La prise de possession de l'île d'Urup par la flotte anglo-française en 1855", Revue Cipango, "Cahiers d'études japonaises", No 11 hiver 2004 pp. 209–236.
2654:
1555:
Despite the absence of Russians, local residents assured Nicolson of their departure before the allies' arrival, deduced from cemetery crosses indicating prior Russian presence.
420:
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1392:
and seizing foreign ships in the area. There were clashes between the Russians and the Ainu in 1772, and the Russians left for a time, but soon returned. G.F. Muller’s
2738:
2092:
Krasheninnikov, Stepan Petrovich, and James Greive. The History of Kamtschatka and the Kurilski Islands, with the Countries Adjacent. Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1963.
646:, but the February mean of −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) is well below the limit of "oceanic" climates. Urup, like all the Kuril islands, experiences extremely strong
1668:
2017:
3163:
599:), with a height of 1,426 metres (4,678 feet) is the highest point on the island. The southeast-most cone bisects a glacial valley, forming a lake.
3168:
2160:
515:), with a height of 524 metres (1,719 ft) has a 700-metre-wide (2,300-foot), funnel-like crater containing a 300-metre-wide (980-foot) lake
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3158:
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1965:
Stone, I. R. and Crampton, R. J. 1985. A disastrous affair; the Franco-British attack on Petropavlovsk, 1854. Polar Record. 22 (141): 629-41.
1751:
1522:. The remaining local (mainly Aleut) inhabitants were transferred to Kamchatka, according to their will, and replaced by Japanese colonists.
2731:
651:
1993:
1845:
Princeton University Press, 1959, pp. 61–85; Valery O. Shubin, ‘Russian Settlements in the Kuril Islands in the 18th and 19th centuries’,
1974:
Nicolson, F. W. E. 1855b. Remarks relative to the island of Ouroup and Port Tavano. Public Record Office. In ADM 1/5657, Enclosure No. 6.
2664:
275:
2627:
2104:
2087:
1914:
1507:
86:
64:
2133:
1714:
1446:
650:, with the highest temperatures in August and September, the lowest in February and temperatures typically in fact warmer at the
616:
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1472:. Two men were lost, one drowning and the other perishing on the ice. The remaining twenty-five crew members crowded into two
2992:
1382:
2018:
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SOVIET AIR WARNING RADAR FACILITIES, 1970, Central Intelligence Agency, CIA-RDP78T04759A009600010004-8.
2642:
1611:"Tall King" VHF air defense radar existed on the far northeastern tip of Urup Island. The troops were withdrawn upon the
1589:
1339:
2153:
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occupied territories to the Russians, ending Urup's brief period as part of the British and French colonial empires.
1496:
1334:
Urup is first clearly shown on an official Japanese map of 1644, identifying it as part of the territories of the
2705:
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1460:
have been wrecked near or on the island: one in 1853 and two in 1855. On the night of 27–28 April 1853, the ship
179:
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589:
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57:
51:
1929:
Stone, Ian R. (1992). The annexation of Urup, 1855. Polar Record, 28(164), 60–. doi:10.1017/S0032247400020301
1514:
along with the rest of the Kuril islands. The island was formerly administered as part of Uruppu District of
2565:
1600:
1484:
569:
449:
381:
316:
551:), with a height of 998 metres (3,274 ft) has flanks cut by deep ravines and has numerous hot springs.
3012:
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2637:
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1450:
1270:
1210:
408:
68:
3117:
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1430:
31:
2120:. Bulletin of the Hokkaido University Museum, no. 2-. Sapporo, Japan: Hokkaido University Museum, 2004.
1694:
1693:
Kondratyev, A. Y., Litvinenko, N. M., Shibaev, Y. V., Vyatkin, P. S., & Kondratyeva, L. F. (2000).
1476:
and reached Urup on the afternoon of 29 April. Here they spent eight days before being rescued by the
1361:
in 1715 and administration of the island came under the Matsumae domain’s regional office location on
2957:
2243:
1604:
1515:
1315:. Named in reference to the VOC, it was considered by Vries to be the northwesternmost projection of
1285:
1252:
A map from 1700 displaying "Companies Land" as a major island or continental extension northeast of
2932:
2632:
2544:
2399:
2389:
2060:
1628:
1358:
1274:
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was the first recorded European vessel to reach this part of the Kurils, arriving in 1643 while
1997:
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2772:
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2514:
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2100:
2083:
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2033:
1910:
1746:
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612:
580:
532:
496:
460:
287:
114:
2509:
1499:, were wrecked on a reef on the northeast end of the island while attempting to pass through
2947:
2897:
2852:
2539:
1847:
Russia in North America: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Russian America,
1206:
635:
560:
524:
488:
440:
307:
122:
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3122:
3037:
2952:
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2812:
2797:
2787:
2690:
2459:
2439:
2414:
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2238:
2218:
2208:
2193:
1983:
Stephan, J. J. 1969. The Crimean War in the far east. Modern Asian Studies. 3 (3): 257-77.
1624:
1511:
1418:
1370:
1304:
655:
604:
344:
630:) with mild, foggy summers and cold, snowy winters. In reality the climate resembles the
419:, after the French word for "compass", which was the name of one of French naval officer
1718:
1400:. During the 1770s it was the base for attempts to establish trade with the Japanese on
2937:
2887:
2877:
2827:
2817:
2792:
2777:
2761:
2695:
2606:
2601:
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2188:
2128:
2123:
1596:
after the end of World War II, Japanese forces on Urup surrendered without resistance.
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1324:
1320:
1296:
1289:
1198:
623:
352:
167:
1938:
Beasley, W. G. 1951. Great Britain and the opening of Japan, 1834-1858. London, Luzac.
3148:
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2917:
2700:
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2059:, vol. 38, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 87–231 & 233–268,
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214:
106:
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3077:
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1956:
Bancroft, H. H. 1886. History of Alaska, 1730-1885. San Francisco, A. L. Bancroft.
1593:
1576:
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647:
608:
400:
1907:
History of the American Whale Fishery from Its Earliest Inception to the year 1876
2037:
479:), with a height of 1,328 metres (4,357 ft) has erupted as recently as 1973.
3112:
3047:
2902:
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2822:
2680:
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2454:
2434:
2424:
2354:
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2283:
2233:
2203:
1434:
1422:
1374:
1311:) that subsequently appeared on European maps at various positions northeast of
1227:
423:'s vessels. This French mariner explored the area of the Kuril Islands in 1787.
404:
135:
411:, the first recorded European to explore the area. The strait between Urup and
3097:
2977:
2927:
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2409:
2339:
2329:
2263:
2248:
1608:
1438:
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1248:
555:
519:
1607:
occupied the former Japanese military facilities. As early as the 1950s, a
194:
181:
2464:
2449:
2384:
1473:
1465:
1389:
643:
377:
1468:, was stove by ice and sank in Bussol Strait while attempting to enter the
17:
151:
3102:
3057:
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3027:
2967:
2912:
2857:
2807:
2534:
2494:
2394:
2334:
2303:
2298:
2288:
2258:
2198:
1519:
1442:
1362:
1277:
1235:
1231:
412:
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1947:
Stephan, J. J. 1974. The Kuril Islands. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
387:
3052:
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2529:
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2484:
2479:
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2293:
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2273:
2042:(in French), vol. 7, Paris: Librairie Hachette & Co., p.
1405:
1397:
639:
483:
2080:
Volcanism and the Upper Mantle Investigations in the Kurile Island Arc
2972:
2922:
2867:
2842:
2749:
2519:
2379:
2359:
2223:
2213:
1477:
1457:
1312:
1253:
396:
252:
2892:
2756:
2419:
2374:
2228:
1843:
The Russian Push toward Japan:Russo-Japanese relations, 1697–1875,
1615:
in 1991, the co-located airfield was turned into a bombing range.
1346:
1257:
1247:
386:
364:
274:
1623:
The island is now uninhabited and is administered as part of the
1373:
in 1738, 1739, and 1742 pointedly failed to find any evidence of
2138:
1401:
141:
2720:
2142:
2118:
Biodiversity and Biogeography of the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin
1579:, all civilian inhabitants of the island were relocated to the
1388:
Russian fur traders appeared in the late 18th century, hunting
1750:
harvp error: no target: CITEREFDe_Saint-Martin_&_al.1895 (
1319:
and its appearance on the maps of the respected cartographers
36:
1849:
Kingston & Fairbanks, Limestone Press,1990, pp. 425–450.
1357:
The Matsumae clan holdings were officially confirmed by the
1404:(Hokkaido) which came to an end when it was destroyed by a
2082:. Monographs in geoscience. New York: Plenum Press, 1970.
1742:
1385:, or Company Land in any of the areas claimed for them.
426:
Urup consists of four major groups of active or dormant
665:
Climate data for Urup (1953-1997 normals and extremes)
594:
546:
510:
474:
301:
2655:
Japanese evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuril Islands
1284:(VOC). Vries's garbled account of the islands during
574:
454:
321:
2057:
The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America
2673:
2615:
2589:
2553:
2317:
2176:
2032:De Saint-Martin, Vivien; et al., eds. (1895),
265:
260:
236:
228:
220:
210:
173:
163:
158:
104:
1893:Whalemen's Shipping List and Merchants' Transcript
1425:initially passed to Russia under the terms of the
338:
279:Ice floes off the north-eastern tip of the island.
1883:, Honolulu, Vol. II, No. 10, Nov. 1, 1853, p. 93.
1816:The Dutch Trading Companies as Knowledge Networks
1429:in 1855. The same year, in an effort to find the
1286:an era when longitude was difficult to calculate
1230:, the indigenous people of the Kurils, southern
1895:, November 27, 1855, Vol. XIII, No. 39, p. 306.
1695:"The breeding seabirds of the Russian Far East"
1669:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1503:into the Sea of Okhotsk. All hands were saved.
1394:Voyages & Découvertes faites par les Russes
1226:The first attested inhabitants of Urup are the
638:much more than the hypercontinental climate of
2039:Nouveau Dictionnaire de Géographie Universelle
1209:nest on the island; there is also a colony of
2732:
2154:
8:
2833:Chyornye Bratya (Chirpoy and Brat Chirpoyev)
99:
1709:
1707:
1603:, Japan renounced its claim to the island.
1264:
2739:
2725:
2717:
2161:
2147:
2139:
1453:restituted the island to Russian control.
1445:(open to British ships as a result of the
661:
150:
134:
98:
1738:
1736:
603:Despite its temperate latitude, the cold
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
3179:Uninhabited islands of the Pacific Ocean
1862:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1974, pp. 64.
384:are scattered around the coast of Urup.
50:This article includes a list of general
2116:Takahashi, Hideki, and Masahiro Ōhara.
1814:Huigen, Siegfried; et al. (2010),
1656:
1365:from 1756. Meanwhile, three voyages of
2053:"The Early Cartography of the Pacific"
1583:, and towards the end of the war, the
1829:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
7:
1421:over Urup and the other Kurils, and
2665:Seaboard World Airlines Flight 253A
1510:of 1875, sovereignty passed to the
224:1,430 km (550 sq mi)
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2628:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1875)
2097:The Soviet Seizure of the Kuriles
1665:"Daily Summaries Station Details"
1526:Annexion of Urup by Great Britain
1280:and the surrounding area for the
382:A number of tiny islets and rocks
380:at 1,426 metres (4,678 ft).
2755:
2748:
2113:, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1974.
1743:De Saint-Martin & al. (1895)
1699:Seabirds of the Russian Far East
1447:Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty
1433:in the Pacific Ocean during the
245:
41:
3164:Islands of the Russian Far East
2998:Ptichy Island (Shantar Islands)
1613:dissolution of the Soviet Union
359:. Its name is derived from the
3169:Volcanoes of the Kuril Islands
2993:Ptichy Island (Kamchatka Krai)
1994:"History of the Kuril Islands"
391:Topographic map of Urup island
1:
3174:Uninhabited islands of Russia
3159:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
3068:Spafaryev, Ryabokon and Talan
2762:Islands of the Sea of Okhotsk
2643:Invasion of the Kuril Islands
1715:"THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES"
1590:Invasion of the Kuril Islands
3154:Islands of the Kuril Islands
1905:Starbuck, Alexander (1878).
1487:. On 14 May 1855, the ships
1288:was the origin of the large
395:The strait between Urup and
339:
2554:Other geographical features
2099:. New York: Praeger, 1985.
2051:Wroth, Lawrence C. (1944),
1138:Average precipitation days
924:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
784:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
595:
575:
547:
511:
475:
455:
322:
302:
232:1,426 m (4678 ft)
27:Island in the Kuril Islands
3195:
2623:Menashi–Kunashir rebellion
1599:In 1952, upon signing the
1508:Treaty of Saint Petersburg
1184:
664:
351:chain in the south of the
331:
110:
29:
2768:
2706:Maarten Gerritszoon Vries
1641:List of islands of Russia
1197:In the spring and summer
1137:
1063:
993:
923:
853:
783:
713:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
584:
564:
536:
528:
500:
492:
464:
444:
311:
291:
241:
149:
144:photograph of Urup Island
133:
126:
118:
3078:Trety, Krayny and Vtoroy
2686:William Robert Broughton
1539:Russian island of Urup.
1282:Dutch East India Company
632:subpolar oceanic climate
2566:Ilya Muromets Waterfall
1601:Treaty of San Francisco
1417:series of clashes with
611:combine to give Urup a
71:more precise citations.
2581:Kuril–Kamchatka Trench
1585:Imperial Japanese Army
1308:
1300:
1271:Maarten Gerritsz Vries
1265:
1260:
1211:black-legged kittiwake
622:), that is close to a
409:Maarten Gerritsz Vries
392:
280:
229:Highest elevation
2788:Baydukov and Belyakov
2660:Kuril Islands dispute
1581:Japanese home islands
1309:Terre de la Compagnie
1251:
390:
371:Geography and climate
278:
32:Urup (disambiguation)
1605:Soviet Border Troops
1516:Nemuro Subprefecture
1495:(291 tons), both of
1441:reached the port of
714:Record high °C (°F)
343:) is an uninhabited
30:For other uses, see
1780:, pp. 210–211.
1439:British naval force
994:Record low °C (°F)
854:Daily mean °C (°F)
191: /
101:
2633:Russo-Japanese War
2545:Zavaritski Caldera
2400:Goryashchaya Sopka
2390:Golets-Torny Group
2109:Stephan, John J.,
1841:George A. Lensen,
1629:Russian Federation
1359:Tokugawa shogunate
1261:
1244:Age of Exploration
393:
281:
195:45.933°N 150.033°E
3136:
3135:
3033:Sakharnaya Golova
2714:
2713:
2648:Battle of Shumshu
2515:Tao-Rusyr Caldera
2184:Antsiferov Island
2111:The Kuril Islands
1860:The Kuril Islands
1858:John J. Stephan,
1427:Treaty of Shimoda
1329:Guillaume Delisle
1189:
1188:
613:subarctic climate
593:
573:
545:
509:
473:
453:
337:
320:
300:
273:
272:
97:
96:
89:
16:(Redirected from
3186:
2898:Khalpili Islands
2760:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2718:
2638:Hawaii Operation
2590:Cities and towns
2540:Vernadskii Ridge
2163:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2078:Gorshkov, G. S.
2067:
2046:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1996:. Archived from
1990:
1984:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1721:on 25 March 2008
1717:. Archived from
1711:
1702:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1671:. Archived from
1661:
1491:(425 tons), and
1268:
1207:pigeon guillemot
1141:
662:
636:Aleutian Islands
598:
588:
586:
578:
568:
566:
550:
540:
538:
530:
514:
504:
502:
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399:is known as the
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67:this article by
58:inline citations
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21:
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3193:
3189:
3188:
3187:
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3184:
3183:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3038:Shantar Islands
3013:Rechnaya Matuga
2953:Morskaya Matuga
2883:Kamen Opasnosti
2813:Chastye Islands
2803:Bolshoy Shantar
2764:
2754:
2747:
2745:
2715:
2710:
2691:Vasily Golovnin
2669:
2611:
2585:
2549:
2460:Milna (volcano)
2440:Lomonosov Group
2415:Karpinsky Group
2313:
2269:Polonsky Island
2244:Lowuschki Rocks
2239:Kunashir Island
2219:Habomai Islands
2209:Chyornye Bratya
2172:
2167:
2129:Geographic data
2075:
2073:Further reading
2050:
2031:
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1637:
1625:Sakhalin Oblast
1621:
1573:
1528:
1512:Empire of Japan
1464:(349 tons), of
1451:Treaty of Paris
1419:Imperial Russia
1414:
1371:Martin Spanberg
1355:
1301:Companies Landt
1246:
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753:
748:
743:
738:
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728:
723:
718:
656:summer solstice
605:Oyashio Current
456:Gruppa Kolokola
445:Группа Колокола
373:
345:volcanic island
256:
246:
244:
200:45.933; 150.033
199:
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190:
185:
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82:
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63:Please help to
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3105:
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3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3063:Sivuch'i Rocks
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
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2985:
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2965:
2963:Nedorazumeniya
2960:
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2925:
2920:
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2878:Kamen-Mukdykyn
2875:
2870:
2865:
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2855:
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2825:
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2818:Chetyre Paltsa
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2698:
2696:Takadaya Kahei
2693:
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2609:
2607:Yuzhno-Kurilsk
2604:
2602:Severo-Kurilsk
2599:
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2196:
2191:
2189:Atlasov Island
2186:
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2010:
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1885:
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1832:, p. 220.
1822:
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1804:, p. 222.
1794:
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1782:
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1470:Sea of Okhotsk
1413:
1410:
1408:in June 1780.
1369:'s lieutenant
1354:
1351:
1325:Nicolas Sanson
1321:Jan Janssonius
1290:phantom island
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1199:crested auklet
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428:stratovolcanos
372:
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353:Sea of Okhotsk
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2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Kuril Islands
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
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2824:
2821:
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2816:
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2811:
2809:
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2801:
2799:
2798:Bolshoy Chome
2796:
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2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2742:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Matsumae clan
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
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2605:
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2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Cape Koritsky
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2561:Bussol Strait
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
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2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Sarychev Peak
2488:
2486:
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2481:
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2473:
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2458:
2456:
2453:
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2448:
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2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Kolokol Group
2428:
2426:
2423:
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2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
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2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
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2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Bogatyr Ridge
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
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2310:
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2255:
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2250:
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2240:
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2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2170:Kuril Islands
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:0-03-002552-4
2102:
2098:
2095:Rees, David.
2094:
2091:
2089:
2088:0-306-30407-4
2085:
2081:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
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2030:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2000:on 2001-11-14
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1941:
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1926:
1923:
1918:
1916:1-55521-537-8
1912:
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1675:on 2024-02-19
1674:
1670:
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1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1501:Bussol Strait
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:Black Warrior
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:Russian fleet
1428:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1383:Staten Island
1380:
1379:Rica de Plata
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:feudal domain
1337:
1336:Matsumae clan
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1317:North America
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:tufted puffin
1200:
1192:
1185:Source: NOAA
1183:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
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1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1066:precipitation
1062:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
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721:
716:
712:
668:
663:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:polar climate
621:
618:
614:
610:
607:and powerful
606:
597:
591:
582:
577:
571:
562:
558:
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553:
549:
543:
534:
526:
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507:
498:
490:
486:
485:
481:
477:
471:
462:
457:
451:
442:
438:
437:
436:Kolokol Group
433:
432:
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
417:Bussol Strait
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
389:
385:
383:
379:
370:
368:
366:
362:
361:Ainu language
358:
357:Pacific Ocean
354:
350:
349:Kuril Islands
346:
341:
329:
324:
318:
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285:
277:
268:
264:
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235:
231:
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219:
216:
215:Kuril Islands
213:
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176:
172:
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162:
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148:
143:
137:
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124:
116:
108:
103:
91:
88:
80:
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3092:
3023:Rovny Island
2933:Maly Shantar
2873:Ivyinichaman
2783:Banka Zotova
2445:Lvinaya Past
2405:Grozny Group
2308:
2117:
2110:
2096:
2079:
2056:
2038:
2026:Bibliography
2013:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1830:Wroth (1944)
1825:
1815:
1809:
1802:Wroth (1944)
1797:
1790:Wroth (1944)
1785:
1778:Wroth (1944)
1773:
1766:Wroth (1944)
1761:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1698:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:the original
1659:
1622:
1619:21st century
1598:
1594:Soviet Union
1577:World War II
1574:
1571:20th century
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1505:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1461:
1455:
1415:
1412:19th century
1393:
1387:
1367:Vitus Bering
1356:
1353:18th century
1333:
1293:Company Land
1292:
1262:
1240:
1225:
1196:
1068:mm (inches)
654:than at the
648:seasonal lag
627:
619:
609:Aleutian Low
602:
596:Shiratae-zan
554:
518:
482:
434:
425:
415:is known as
401:Vries Strait
394:
374:
365:salmon trout
355:, northwest
283:
282:
261:Demographics
243:
83:
74:
55:
3118:Yengalychev
3113:Yam Islands
3048:Shiashkotan
2903:Kharimkotan
2838:Dobrzhansky
2823:Chirinkotan
2681:Ainu people
2571:Kasatka Bay
2455:Mendeleyeva
2435:Kuntomintar
2425:Kharimkotan
2355:Chirinkotan
2350:Chikurachki
2284:Shiashkotan
2234:Kharimkotan
2204:Chirinkotan
1679:February 1,
1497:New Bedford
1489:King Fisher
1437:, a French-
1435:Crimean War
1423:sovereignty
1375:Rica de Oro
576:Gruppa Ivao
565:Группа Ивао
476:Uruppu-Fuji
211:Archipelago
198: /
174:Coordinates
69:introducing
18:Urup Island
3143:Categories
2988:Prokofyeva
2978:Paramushir
2928:Makanrushi
2848:Feklistova
2773:Antsiferov
2525:Tri Sestry
2470:Prevo Peak
2410:Ivao Group
2340:Berutarube
2330:Atsonupuri
2264:Paramushir
2249:Makanrushi
2004:2001-11-14
1909:. Castle.
1881:The Friend
1745:, p.
1647:References
1609:P-14 radar
1506:Under the
1493:Enterprise
1485:New London
1474:whaleboats
1458:whaleships
1222:Prehistory
1140:(≥ 1.0 mm)
642:proper or
556:Ivao Group
529:Три Сестры
520:Tri Sestry
421:La Pérouse
266:Population
140:July 2001
77:March 2012
52:references
2948:Menshikov
2853:Glinyanyy
2465:Nemo Peak
2450:Medvezhya
2385:Fuss Peak
2318:Volcanoes
1652:Citations
1466:Nantucket
1390:sea otter
1275:exploring
1266:Castricum
644:Manchuria
590:romanized
570:romanized
542:romanized
512:Daiba-zan
506:romanized
470:romanized
450:romanized
407:explorer
378:Gora Ivao
363:word for
317:romanized
303:Uruppu-tō
297:romanized
159:Geography
3128:Zubchaty
3123:Zavyalov
3103:Ushishir
3058:Simushir
3043:Shelikan
3028:Sakhalin
2968:Onekotan
2958:Nansikan
2943:Medvezhy
2913:Kunashir
2858:Hokkaido
2808:Broutona
2535:Ushishur
2495:Shirinki
2395:Golovnin
2335:Baransky
2304:Ushishir
2299:Simushir
2289:Shikotan
2259:Onekotan
2199:Broutona
2124:Location
2065:24301919
1725:25 March
1701:, 37-81.
1635:See also
1520:Hokkaido
1443:Hakodate
1363:Kunashir
1278:Hokkaido
1236:Hokkaido
1232:Sakhalin
1133:(52.15)
1064:Average
626:(Köppen
581:Japanese
533:Japanese
497:Japanese
461:Japanese
413:Simushir
403:, after
288:Japanese
269:0 (2010)
186:150°02′E
164:Location
115:Japanese
3083:Tyuleny
3053:Shumshu
3018:Reyneke
3008:Rasshua
3003:Raikoke
2983:Pilamif
2888:Kekurny
2828:Chkalov
2793:Belichy
2778:Atlasov
2597:Kurilsk
2530:Uratman
2510:Srednii
2505:Smirnov
2500:Sinarka
2485:Rudakov
2480:Rasshua
2475:Raikoke
2365:Chirpoi
2294:Shumshu
2279:Rasshua
2274:Raikoke
2177:Islands
2134:Picture
2044:441–445
1747:444–445
1627:of the
1592:by the
1575:During
1406:tsunami
1398:Siberia
1217:History
1131:1,324.6
1128:(5.11)
1123:(5.62)
1118:(5.89)
1113:(6.22)
1108:(4.21)
1103:(3.64)
1098:(2.96)
1093:(3.87)
1088:(3.97)
1083:(3.34)
1078:(3.12)
1073:(4.20)
1059:(−4.0)
1049:(15.8)
1044:(28.0)
1039:(26.6)
1034:(32.0)
1029:(28.0)
1024:(25.7)
1014:(11.3)
1009:(−4.0)
1004:(−2.2)
999:(−0.4)
989:(31.1)
984:(23.7)
979:(30.4)
974:(38.5)
969:(43.9)
964:(45.1)
959:(41.2)
954:(35.8)
949:(31.8)
944:(27.3)
939:(20.1)
934:(16.9)
929:(18.9)
919:(36.1)
914:(27.9)
909:(35.1)
904:(43.9)
899:(50.0)
894:(51.6)
889:(47.5)
884:(41.4)
879:(37.2)
874:(31.6)
869:(24.3)
864:(21.2)
859:(23.0)
849:(41.4)
844:(32.0)
839:(39.6)
834:(49.5)
829:(55.9)
824:(58.1)
819:(53.8)
814:(47.1)
809:(42.6)
804:(36.0)
799:(28.4)
794:(25.3)
789:(27.1)
779:(86.0)
774:(53.6)
769:(59.0)
764:(71.2)
759:(82.4)
754:(82.6)
749:(86.0)
744:(79.0)
739:(71.6)
734:(61.2)
729:(43.0)
724:(48.0)
719:(43.0)
640:Siberia
634:of the
592::
572::
561:Russian
544::
525:Russian
508::
493:Рудаков
489:Russian
484:Rudakov
472::
452::
441:Russian
347:in the
319::
308:Russian
299::
183:45°56′N
123:Russian
65:improve
3108:Utichy
2973:Oremif
2923:Kusova
2868:Iturup
2843:Ekarma
2674:People
2616:Events
2520:Tyatya
2380:Ekarma
2360:Chirip
2224:Iturup
2214:Ekarma
2103:
2086:
2063:
2034:"Yèso"
1913:
1478:barque
1456:Three
1327:, and
1313:Honshu
1305:French
1269:under
1254:Honshu
1234:, and
1205:, and
1180:180.8
1054:(6.8)
1019:(8.6)
670:Month
617:Köppen
548:Io-zan
397:Iturup
253:Russia
250:
54:, but
3088:Umara
3073:Telan
2938:Matua
2908:Konus
2893:Ketoy
2420:Ketoi
2375:Ebeko
2370:Demon
2325:Alaid
2254:Matua
2229:Ketoy
2061:JSTOR
1483:, of
1462:Susan
1347:Japan
1297:Dutch
1258:Japan
1193:Fauna
1177:21.9
1174:19.5
1171:14.1
1168:12.5
1165:13.3
1162:11.6
1159:10.3
1156:11.5
1153:11.5
1150:14.7
1147:18.1
1144:22.0
1126:129.8
1121:142.7
1116:149.5
1111:158.0
1106:107.0
1086:100.8
1071:106.7
1057:−20.0
1052:−14.0
1017:−13.0
1012:−11.5
1007:−20.0
1002:−19.0
997:−18.0
709:Year
405:Dutch
312:Уру́п
127:Уру́п
3149:Urup
3093:Urup
2863:Iony
2309:Urup
2194:Awos
2101:ISBN
2084:ISBN
1911:ISBN
1752:help
1727:2008
1681:2024
1402:Yezo
1338:, a
1263:The
1228:Ainu
1101:92.4
1096:75.3
1091:98.2
1081:84.8
1076:79.3
1047:−9.0
1042:−2.2
1037:−3.0
1027:−2.2
1022:−3.5
987:−0.5
982:−4.6
977:−0.9
947:−0.1
942:−2.6
937:−6.6
932:−8.4
927:−7.3
912:−2.3
897:10.0
892:10.9
872:−0.2
867:−4.3
862:−6.0
857:−5.0
827:13.3
822:14.5
817:12.1
797:−2.0
792:−3.7
787:−2.7
777:30.0
772:12.0
767:15.0
762:21.8
757:28.0
752:28.1
747:30.0
742:26.1
737:22.0
732:16.2
706:Dec
703:Nov
700:Oct
697:Sep
694:Aug
691:Jul
688:Jun
685:May
682:Apr
679:Mar
676:Feb
673:Jan
465:得撫富士
340:Urup
332:ウルㇷ゚
328:Ainu
323:Urúp
284:Urup
221:Area
142:NASA
111:ウルㇷ゚
107:Ainu
100:Urup
3098:Ush
1518:of
1344:Edo
1342:of
1256:in
1238:.
1032:0.0
972:3.6
967:6.6
962:7.3
957:5.1
952:2.1
917:2.3
907:1.7
902:6.6
887:8.6
882:5.2
877:2.9
847:5.2
842:0.0
837:4.2
832:9.7
812:8.4
807:5.9
802:2.2
727:6.1
722:8.9
717:6.1
620:Dfc
585:白妙山
537:硫黄山
501:台場山
292:得撫島
119:得撫島
3145::
2055:,
2036:,
1735:^
1706:^
1697:.
1667:.
1631:.
1381:,
1377:,
1349:.
1323:,
1307::
1303:;
1299::
1213:.
1201:,
658:.
628:ET
587:,
583::
579:;
567:,
563::
539:,
535::
531:;
527::
503:,
499::
495:;
491::
467:,
463::
459:;
447:,
443::
430::
367:.
334:,
330::
326:,
314:,
310::
306:;
294:,
290::
125::
117::
109::
2740:e
2733:t
2726:v
2162:e
2155:t
2148:v
2068:.
2047:.
2007:.
1919:.
1820:.
1756:.
1754:)
1729:.
1683:.
1295:(
615:(
559:(
523:(
487:(
439:(
286:(
90:)
84:(
79:)
75:(
61:.
34:.
20:)
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