471:
107:
343:
451:, for subsequent export to England. Similarly, costlier finished goods from England were transported back just as efficiently, for sale in the burgeoning Indian markets. Although famines were not new to the subcontinent, the Raj was marked by an increase in the number of large-scale
772:"minimaque computatione miliens centena milia sestertium annis omnibus India et Seres et paeninsula illa imperio nostro adimunt: tanti nobis deliciae et feminae constant. quota enim portio ex illis ad deos, quaeso, iam vel ad inferos pertinet?" Pliny, Historia Naturae 12.41.84.
516:
In Gandhi’s thought ahimsa precludes not only the act of inflicting a physical injury, but also mental states like evil thoughts and hatred, unkind behavior such as harsh words, dishonesty and lying, all of which he saw as manifestations of violence incompatible with ahimsa.
378:
From the 16th century, European powers such as
Portugal, the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain established trading posts and later took advantage of internal conflicts to establish colonies in the country. The
446:
rule saw a rapid development of the railways, roads, canals, bridges and telegraph links so that raw materials, such as cotton, could be transported more efficiently from the hinterlands to ports, such as
285:, India enjoyed much cultural and economic progress as well as religious harmony. Mughal emperors gradually expanded their empires to cover large parts of the subcontinent. However, in
460:
229:
argues that knowledge of zero was implicit in
Aryabhata's place-value system as a place holder for the powers of ten with null coefficients. The approximate numerical value of
973:, ed., Readings in European History, 2 Vols. (Boston: Ginn and Co., 1904-1906), Vol. II: From the opening of the Protestant Revolt to the Present Day, pp. 333–335.
253:
1435:
1235:
99:
and other cultural aspects of early Indian society, and ended in the 500s BCE. From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the
898:
83:
are the earliest known traces of human life in India. The first known permanent settlements appeared about 8,500 years ago and gradually developed into the
1098:
608:
270:
504:
promoted the principle of ahimsa very successfully by applying it to all spheres of life, particularly to politics. His non-violent resistance movement
178:
564:
have affected many Indian cities. India has unresolved territorial disputes with the People's
Republic of China, which, in 1962, escalated into the
174:
1486:
1035:
623:
took cognizance of the fact that food rot in government silos and ordered the them to distribute the food for free to millions of its poor.
785:(1865). "Brief Notes on the Age and Authenticity of the Works of Aryabhata, Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhattotpala, and Bhaskaracharya".
592:
1285:
1212:
1160:
1108:
964:
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383:
had been given permission by the Mughal emperor
Jahangir in 1617 to trade in India. Gradually their increasing influence led the
59:
557:
545:
1150:
1188:
1082:
1057:
671:
297:, among the few kingdoms to have resisted Mughal subjugation. The first major threat to Mughal imperial power came from a
493:
and other political organisations. Indian leader
Mahatma Gandhi led millions of people in several national campaigns of
486:
431:
714:
541:
1360:(2002). "Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?" (Document). Journal of Economic Perspectives.
508:
had an immense impact on India, impressed public opinion in
Western countries and influenced the leaders of various
346:
A 1912 map of 'Northern India The Revolt of 1857-59' showing the centres of rebellion including the principal ones:
760:, only a very few ventured to undertake the voyage and to carry on traffic in Indian merchandise." Strabo II.5.12.
577:
573:
569:
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474:
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84:
899:"The Last Mughal: The Fall of a Dynasty, Delhi, 1857; Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire"
786:
490:
427:
106:
871:
615:. In spite of its recent economic successes, military might and global clout Indians continue to die due to
455:. Despite efforts by the colonial authorities to reduce the impact of the severe famines caused by numerous
115:
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1365:
1357:
620:
513:
213:
flourished under the patronage of these kings. Trade and commerce were also at it's peak during this era.
1502:
970:
616:
534:
423:
225:, was clearly in place in his work. While he did not use a symbol for zero, the French mathematician
761:
612:
585:
459:, British economic and trade policies towards colonial India contributed to the problems and between
222:
17:
313:
170:
154:
142:
132:
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in the world, increasing its global clout. All these factors propelled her to become a full time
561:
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ruler of the Bengal province, opposed
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274:
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On 15 August 1947, India gained independence from
British rule, but at the same time the
596:
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would be the last emperor of
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273:
between the 10th and 12th centuries, much of North India came under the rule of the
1306:
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509:
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acceded to the much diminished empire of the
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186:
150:
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92:
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752:, and I learned that as many as one hundred and twenty vessels were sailing from
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A Universal History of Numbers: From Prehistory to the Invention of the Computer
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470:
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439:
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584:. India is a founding member of the United Nations (as British India) and the
581:
505:
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88:
1183:, New Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiv, 432, p. 260,
1077:, New Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xiv, 432, p. 258,
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983:
640:
941:"The Great Moghul Jahangir: Letter to James I, King of England, 1617 A.D."
549:
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481:, 1937. Nehru would go on to become India's first prime minister in 1947.
410:
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96:
944:
Indian History Sourcebook: England, India, and The East Indies, 1617 CE
385:
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In the third century BCE, most of South Asia was united into the
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846:(Third ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 70.
788:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
741:
290:
31:
Indian history can be broadly categorized into five major eras;
312:
in the 16th century and later from a Hindu state known as the
946:. Internet Indian History Sourcebook, Paul Halsall. June 1998
438:
assumed the task of directly administering India in the new
1487:"Don't let food rot, distribute it free to the poorest: SC"
1326:
1324:
418:
in 1757, in which the 'army' of East India Company, led by
231:
1207:. Anthem South Asian Studies. Anthem Press. p. 345.
872:"The Mughal World : Life in India's Last Golden Age"
740:
was prefect of Egypt, I accompanied him and ascended the
255:) is also believed to have been first calculated by him.
1006:"Robert Clive, Baron Clive, 'Clive of India', 1725-1774"
533:. On 26 January 1950, India became a republic and a new
1103:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 49.
241:
556:
and regional separatist insurgencies, especially in
540:
Since independence, India has faced challenges from
316:, that ruled much of India in the mid-18th century.
247:
1451:"4800 Starvation Deaths in India in Last 4 Years"
1052:(3d ed.), pp. 239–40. Oxford University Press.
1034:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFBoseJalal2003 (
568:, and with Pakistan, which resulted in wars in
426:. The rule lasted until 1858, when, after the
75:Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at the
897:Dalrymple, William (November–December 2007).
666:. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. p. A107.
8:
153:oversaw the period referred to as ancient "
641:"Introduction to the Ancient Indus Valley"
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240:
91:in western India. It was followed by the
1010:Military History Encyclopedia on the Web
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217:the philosopher was from this age. The
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1127:
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844:Geometry: Seeing, Doing, Understanding
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756:to India, whereas formerly, under the
527:Muslim-majority areas were partitioned
221:system, first seen in the 3rd century
1485:Sinha, Bhadra (00:25 IST(13/8/2010).
560:and Northeast India. Since the 1990s
103:were established across the country.
7:
1205:A History of Modern India, 1480–1950
609:one of the fastest-growing economies
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984:"KOLKATA (CALCUTTA) : HISTORY"
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593:a state armed with nuclear weapons
485:In the 20th century, a nationwide
397:or permits for duty free trade in
289:India, the dominant power was the
24:
1272:written by John Farndon. (1997).
328:would officially come to an end.
149:. From the third century CE, the
1495:. Retrieved 01:55 IST(20/8/2010)
95:, which laid the foundations of
60:History of the Republic of India
1336:Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)
1203:Markovits, Claude, ed. (2004).
1004:Rickard, J. (1 November 2000).
904:. Council on Foreign Relations.
463:, tens of millions died within
1:
963:: CS1 maint: date and year (
595:; having conducted its first
1100:Transport Geography of India
607:have transformed India into
605:significant economic reforms
529:to form a separate state of
432:Government of India Act 1858
1155:. USA: Verso. p. 173.
715:National Informatics Centre
271:invasions from Central Asia
87:, dating back to 3400
1567:
1278:Dorling Kindersley Limited
842:Jacobs, Harold R. (2003).
381:British East India Company
335:
262:
130:
68:
53:
1152:Late Victorian Holocausts
1048:Wolpert, Stanley (1989).
885:The Mughals: The Marathas
603:in 1998. Beginning 1991,
487:struggle for independence
457:drought and crop failures
85:Indus Valley Civilisation
51:. For more details vide:
1453:. Outlook. AUG 02, 2009.
1262:, Albany 1986, p. 11-12.
806:. John Wiley & Sons.
491:Indian National Congress
428:Indian rebellion of 1857
1260:Gandhi and Non-Violence
617:malnutrition and hunger
77:Bhimbetka rock shelters
1522:Check date values in:
1466:Check date values in:
1358:Montek Singh Ahluwalia
1232:CONCISE ENCYCLOPEDIA 3
1050:A New History of India
802:George. Ifrah (1998).
662:Krishna Reddy (2003).
621:Supreme Court of India
514:Martin Luther King Jr.
482:
430:and consequent of the
375:
249:
161:included those of the
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1302:"CIA Factbook: India"
1097:Raza, Moonis (1986).
1030:Bose & Jalal 2003
971:James Harvey Robinson
748:and the frontiers of
599:in 1974, followed by
473:
442:. The direct British
424:Company rule in India
345:
250:
145:and flourished under
109:
1430:The named reference
1274:Concise Encyclopedia
1249:Tähtinen p. 116-124.
1230:The named reference
1149:Mark, Davis (2001).
586:Non-Aligned Movement
489:was launched by the
281:. Under the rule of
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858:"The Mughal Legacy"
736:"At any rate, when
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143:Chandragupta Maurya
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336:Main article:
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