45:
make no sense whatsoever (for example, E. coli should be at least a family, possibly an order, definitely not a species) but there is strong pressure not to change any names commonly used in medicine (and there are a lot of those), whether they make any taxonomic sense at all. This goes for
Eubacteria, especially the medical terminology aspect, but also to Archaea. After all, any asexually-reproducing species that engages in horizontal gene transfer with like organisms of various different species can hardly be shoe-horned into the Linnaean scheme. So all the parts of this document that refer to prokaryote taxa are going away, and where I mention "taxa of living organisms" up there, I'm going to have to change that to the considerably less glamorous-sounding "eukaryotes." For prokaryote taxonomy, whatever that is, you'll have to consult a real expert: I'm just an amateur.
107:(which includes kelp) were Embryophyta's first cousin once removed. And then there are red and green algae, which are each a whole different thing. Brown, green, and red have three different ancestors, each of which independently acquired chloroplasts by absorbing but failing to digest three different photosynthesizing eukaryotic species: endosymbiosis, like the earlier acquisition of mitochondria. So the last common ancestor of all three types of algae was decidedly not photosynthetic, so they're like three different kingdoms of algae or something.
44:
I am planning to do a big update soon, but first I want to say here: what with horizontal gene transfer and all, prokaryote "taxonomy" is in even worse shape than when I looked at it 20 years ago, and it was in much worse shape then than I figured out at the time. For example, many taxa in common use
48:
For the record, I do not subscribe to the notion that
Eukaryota are a subtaxon of Archaea. You can't have eukaryotes without mitochondria (except for extreme parasitic forms which lost them), mitochondria have their own little genome, and mitochondria are not Archaea; they're descended from a common
129:
I'm probably not going to delete the the prokaryote (Bacteria and Archea) sections entirely, but they'll be prefaced by similar language to that now prefacing the viruses section, except for prokaryotes it will be complaining about horizontal gene transfer instead of complaining about lack of an
33:
The sorting order of these lists tries to follow the principle of most-familiar-first. Whenever a list of obscure taxa needs to be sorted, we try to follow the principle of listing the taxa in order of first published description. This last principle can be tricky too, and since we don't have
2717:
Taxonomic level of following groups is in flux: formerly considered phyla (or divisions), some of them are in the process of being promoted to kingdoms.
37:
The names of phyla and divisions (equivalent taxonomical levels reflecting differences of nomenclature between zoologists and botanists) are in
34:
access to all the relevant information about dates of first public description, many of the sublists in this outline are in semirandom order.
3135:
3120:
2725:(the green bacteria -- so-called "blue-green algae" -- first photosynthesizers, sharing most recent common ancestor with eukaryotic
2190:
gives me a headache, but these are our most familiar land-plant friends: trees, shrubs, vines, forbs, grasses, and all.)
3125:
661:
article has a discussion of infraclasses and superorders, but here the insect orders are listed more or less randomly)
3096:
3090:
178:
of this phylum is divided into eleven or twelve classes, and there are also some other subphyla of chordates.)
2426:(conifers, a kind of phanerogamous gymnosperms) have a more staid and spartan phylogeny than the angiosperms.
1810:(nominated for fifth regnum of eucaryota in 2005, but as of 2008 already thought to be paraphyletic again)
2830:
150:
subtaxon of eukaryotes. So yes, plants are much more familiar than protists and were discovered earlier.
2933:
2814:
1915:
1758:
1741:
1712:
2559:
2300:(a subgroup of core eudicots which includes 16 to 20 orders comprising about 140 familes. Examples:
2917:
2807:
2796:
2769:
1835:
2961:
2869:
2788:
1727:
547:
142:
regna are sorted this way to reflect the idea that animals and fungi are closely related to the
2286:
1763:
146:
group of protists, and the plants are related to another group of protists. Protists are the
2896:
2801:
1814:
1618:
110:
The best replacements for the animal and fungus kingdoms are probably the two halves of the
82:
3017:
3012:
2843:
2648:
2551:
2508:
2454:
2251:
1773:
1719:
1477:
1407:
519:
99:
Embryophyta includes all the land plants, but not (for instance) kelp: kelp is among the
3108:
3102:
3054:
3037:
2940:
2922:
2910:
2862:
2761:
2740:
2666:
2656:
2611:
2270:
2120:
1911:
1884:
1807:
1768:
1748:
1485:
1470:
1264:
1258:
1186:
1032:
417:
350:
58:
3049:
2992:
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2876:
2721:
2502:
2478:
2416:
2401:
2266:
2161:
1734:
1707:
1699:
1689:
1661:
1113:
1101:
987:
977:
952:
876:
838:
714:
567:
537:
532:
405:
225:
103:
AKA heterokonts, which is a subtaxon of a subtaxon of
Diaphoretickes, sort of as if
3044:
3022:
3007:
3002:
2889:
2782:
2747:
2603:
2589:
2471:
2442:
2390:
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2309:
2278:
2239:
2176:
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2021:
1518:
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856:
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796:
784:
621:
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592:
479:
423:
354:
262:
256:
239:
205:
162:
147:
100:
88:
The other protists are scattered among the
Diaphoretickes and Amorphea, along with
57:
There are no more Animal, Plant, Fungi, and
Protist kingdoms: now there are only
3084:
3078:
3072:
3032:
3027:
2954:
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2903:
2855:
2726:
2698:
2677:
2672:
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2519:
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2290:
2226:
2187:
2169:
2137:
2116:
2092:
2016:
1982:
1955:
1934:
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1891:
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1269:
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1038:
997:
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577:
571:
561:
465:
441:
370:
338:
289:
274:
209:
143:
111:
93:
17:
2665:
Plants that are protists (also cryptogams, but these are not embryophytes: see
2996:
2778:
2754:
2733:
2690:
2683:
2598:
2564:
2533:
2410:
2377:
2360:
2274:
2259:
2182:
2112:
2063:
2044:
1998:
1989:
1970:
1947:
1940:
1901:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1851:
1842:
1752:
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1556:
1455:
1449:
1388:
1300:
1294:
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1160:
1096:
1042:
1014:
982:
932:
888:
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692:
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557:
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543:
495:
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411:
283:
279:
229:
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195:
175:
123:
104:
78:
2823:
2629:
2625:
2594:
2582:
2574:
2489:
2422:
2395:
2373:
2346:
2335:
2247:
2212:
2124:
2107:
2087:
2037:
2004:
1994:
1923:
1847:
1794:
1629:
1604:
1534:
1527:
1501:
1429:
1419:
1380:
1364:
1337:
1315:
1305:
1152:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1057:
1028:
1010:
1002:
947:
942:
905:
868:
826:
820:
790:
778:
772:
760:
748:
658:
634:
583:
501:
360:
303:
139:
1755:, an obsolete taxon including some molds, now thought to be paraphyletic)
2980:
2836:
2774:
2710:
2495:
2448:
2436:
2365:
2339:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2243:
2234:
2216:
2195:
2071:
2058:
2033:
2029:
1964:
1831:
1784:
1637:
1624:
1613:
1590:
1571:
1564:
1437:
1399:
1345:
1288:
1252:
1234:
1197:
1120:
1079:
972:
966:
922:
754:
736:
724:
668:
649:
511:
485:
475:
445:
435:
383:
377:
313:
293:
244:
219:
181:
170:
155:
74:
66:
62:
26:
Please browse the many articles that our
Knowledge has about the various
2973:
2483:
2459:
2305:
2301:
2282:
2255:
2153:
2079:
2010:
1976:
1896:
1655:
1594:
1584:
1542:
1523:
1424:
1372:
1328:
1297:
a beautiful and neglected (probably paraphyletic) group of marine worms
1244:
1216:
914:
896:
892:
730:
704:
654:
328:
324:
266:
200:
119:
70:
2539:
2297:
2221:
2208:
2129:
2096:
1823:
1800:
1695:
1682:
1444:
1224:
1220:
1006:
918:
471:
401:
394:
367:(20,000 species extant, and far and away the most vertebrate biomass)
248:
115:
89:
3140:
3063:
2204:
2100:
1919:
1647:
1598:
1575:
1248:
1228:
1208:
682:
431:
427:
342:
318:
252:
27:
2641:
2636:
2578:
2200:
1819:
1666:
1212:
1022:
1018:
686:
678:
505:
332:
298:
186:
2926:
2349:, several other orders, and several families 'incertae sedis')
2225:. Includes ten orders, four of which are grouped as subclass
390:
2342:, several other orders, and several families 'incertae sedis'
2439:(pines, spruces; larches, doug-firs; firs, cedars, hemlocks)
2781:, and sharing most recent common ancestor with eukaryotic
192:
Discussion of birds and reptiles needs thorough rewriting.
781:(silverfish, the only wingless order of dicondyle insect)
2983:, phyla/divisions are gradually morphing into kingdoms
1723:(once thought to be protists, like the following three)
2445:(cypresses, junipers, thujas, redwoods, sequoias, etc)
879:(jumping bristletails: wingless non-dicondyle insects)
1922:
within this group, other lumpers put this group into
65:, and various protistan taxa formerly thought of as
570:(sea cucumbers (sessile), and the gorgeous pelagic
3066:(not alive, i. e. ametabolic, but evolving anyway)
1560:(comb jellies, closer to bilateria than cnidaria?)
3130:
899:: wingless hexapods, and technically not insects)
414:(coelacanths, the other kind of lobe-finned fish)
1514:(formerly thought to be part of Platyhelminthes)
234:Note: many other extinct groups not listed here.
2792:, including some other nitrogen-fixing bacteria
1538:(formerly thought to be Mesozoa or Agnotozoa)
492:subphylum (FKA urochordates: filter feeders)
8:
2323:(a subgroup of core eudicots which includes
2040:, see below), many with interesting shells.
1452:, magnificently mysterious parthenogenetics.
2925:, an enzyme from this group, is used to do
2389:(various classes, paraphyletic), including
2433:are all in class Pinopsida, order Pinales
847:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies, etc.)
514:(also pelagic like the salps, not sessile)
49:ancestor shared with alphaproteobacteria.
1681:and other molds, the fungal part of most
2095:like the most recent common ancestor of
667:(most insects: all but two of these are
7:
2238:include the non-core eudicot orders
498:(AKA sea squirts, which are sessile)
1362:(lamp shells, including the famous
1124:(the nearly ubiquitous roundworms)
504:(including the magnificent pelagic
474:(hagfishes, oft accused of being a
3136:Knowledge:WikiProject Tree of Life
3126:Category:Taxonomic lists (classes)
2145:Many others; classification varies
1696:lichen#Taxonomy and classification
24:
3121:Category:Taxonomic lists (orders)
420:(cartilaginous fishes with jaws)
3143:(are they evolving? i hope not.)
2229:, and several isolated families.
2141:- possibly bikont and rhizarian?
522:- lancelets (AKA amphioxus), an
353:(ray-finned fishes, one kind of
1201:are divided into eight classes
1112:(velvet worms, also grouped as
53:A preview of the coming changes
2511:(one species endemic to Japan)
1:
2632:which are not tracheophytes)
2164:, all of which are also both
1150:(polyphyletic; see (extinct)
1051:(extinct like the trilobites)
580:(brittle stars, basket stars)
2505:(mainly southern hemisphere)
1587:- Sea wasps or box jellyfish
1677:(yeasts, morels, truffles,
1550:Non-bilaterian animal phyla
1045:, possibly not chelicerate)
586:(sea lilies, feather stars)
81:), along with non-excavate
3158:
1926:with the chromalveolates)
1895:- sporozoans such as the
1818:- stramenopiles, such as
1790:(Soon to be many regna.
1568:(corals, jellyfish, etc)
1100:(water bears, grouped as
404:(lungfishes, one kind of
1751:(formerly classified as
1522:(formerly thought to be
859:(twisted-wing parasites)
130:independent metabolism.
763:(cicadas, aphids, etc.)
701:(moths and butterflies)
625:(arrow worms, possibly
2563:(extinct, seed ferns,
2232:Subphylum/subdivision
2133:of course, and others.
1713:arbuscular mycorrhizae
657:(as of late 2017, the
189:(birds, but see below)
2934:Thermodesulfobacteria
2815:Epsilonproteobacteria
1759:Entomophthoromycotina
1742:Neocallimastigomycota
611:Whatever happened to
596:(also ambulacrarian:
30:of living organisms!
2560:Pteridospermatophyta
2207:you eat, as well as
2188:Angiosperm phylogeny
468:(lampreys are tasty)
96:in Diaphoretickes.
85:, another protist.
2918:Deinococcus-Thermus
2808:Deltaproteobacteria
2797:Gammaproteobacteria
2770:Alphaproteobacteria
2567:unlike other ferns)
1918:include all Regnum
1836:labyrinthulomycetes
1617:(sponges, see also
365:typical vertebrates
2870:Deferribacteraceae
2789:Betaproteobacteria
1728:Blastocladiomycota
1711:(these fungi form
2287:Berberidopsidales
2269:, which include
1764:Kickxellomycotina
1665:(mushrooms, some
1384:(horseshoe worms)
1144:(horsehair worms)
853:(lacewings, etc.)
331:(salamanders and
321:(frogs and toads)
232:et al., extinct.
208:group. See also
3149:
3109:dsDNA-RT viruses
3103:ssRNA-RT viruses
3097:(-)ssRNA viruses
3091:(+)ssRNA viruses
2897:Gemmatimonadetes
2802:Escherichia coli
2765:(Five classes.)
2199:produce all the
1815:Heterokontophyta
1619:choanoflagellate
1187:Lophotrochozoans
871:(scorpion-flies)
757:(crickets, etc.)
707:(dragonflies, a
488:- tunicates, an
406:lobe-finned fish
222:, and terrapins)
92:in Amorphea and
83:Hemimastigophora
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3117:
3068:
3060:
3018:Methanomicrobia
3013:Methanobacteria
2979:as with domain
2977:
2969:
2844:Verrucomicrobia
2714:
2706:
2649:Marchantiophyta
2593:("true" ferns,
2577:tracheophytes (
2509:Sciadopityaceae
2455:Cephalotaxaceae
2345:euasterids II:
2252:Trochodendrales
2219:, and culinary
2157:
2149:
1788:
1780:
1774:Zoopagomycotina
1720:Chytridiomycota
1651:
1643:
1552:
1506:
1478:Gnathostomulida
1408:Platyhelminthes
1403:
1190:
1033:horseshoe crabs
829:(angel insects)
745:(stick insects)
638:
629:and ecdysozoan)
604:, and possibly
546:(sea stars and
520:Cephalochordata
166:
159:
136:
55:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3055:Thaumarchaeota
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3038:Thermoplasmata
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2990:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2941:Thermomicrobia
2937:
2930:
2923:Taq polymerase
2914:
2911:Planctomycetes
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2873:
2866:
2863:Chrysiogenetes
2859:
2852:
2840:
2827:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2793:
2785:
2762:Proteobacteria
2758:
2751:
2744:
2741:Actinobacteria
2737:
2730:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2695:
2687:
2667:Archaeplastida
2663:
2662:
2661:
2657:Anthocerophyta
2653:
2645:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2612:Lycopodiophyta
2608:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2556:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2476:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2429:the following
2408:
2407:
2406:
2383:non-magnoliid
2381:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2343:
2334:euasterids I:
2319:and Class (?)
2317:
2271:Caryophyllales
2230:
2162:spermatophytes
2156:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2134:
2121:dictyosteliida
2111:includes some
2104:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2055:
2048:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2001:
1997:, one kind of
1993:including the
1986:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1912:Archaeplastida
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1888:
1885:Dinoflagellata
1881:
1863:
1862:(cryptomonads)
1855:
1839:
1808:Chromalveolata
1787:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1769:Mucoromycotina
1766:
1761:
1749:incertae sedis
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1686:
1670:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1602:
1588:
1582:
1561:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1515:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1489:
1486:Micrognathozoa
1482:
1474:
1471:Acanthocephala
1467:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:(goblet worms)
1385:
1377:
1376:(moss animals)
1369:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:(ribbon worms)
1342:
1341:(peanut worms)
1334:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1298:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1267:
1265:Monoplacophora
1262:
1259:Polyplacophora
1256:
1238:
1232:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1036:
1026:
994:
993:
992:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
955:
950:
945:
940:
926:
902:
901:
900:
882:
881:
880:
874:
873:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
823:(rockcrawlers)
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
751:(grasshoppers)
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
712:
702:
696:
690:
637:
632:
631:
630:
618:
609:
589:
588:
587:
581:
575:
565:
551:
529:
528:
527:
517:
516:
515:
509:
499:
483:
469:
463:
457:
451:
450:
449:
439:
418:Chondrichthyes
415:
409:
399:
398:
397:
381:
368:
351:Actinopterygii
348:
347:
346:
336:
322:
311:
310:
309:
308:
307:
287:
272:
271:
270:
260:
257:amphisbaenians
237:
223:
193:
190:
184:
165:
160:
158:
152:
135:
134:Domain Eucarya
132:
126:respectively.
59:Diaphoretickes
54:
51:
23:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3154:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3086:
3085:dsRNA viruses
3082:
3080:
3079:ssDNA viruses
3076:
3074:
3073:dsDNA viruses
3070:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Nanoarchaeota
3048:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2993:Euryarchaeota
2991:
2989:
2988:Crenarchaeota
2986:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2883:Acidobacteria
2879:
2878:
2877:Fibrobacteres
2874:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:Lentisphaerae
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:Bacteroidetes
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2722:Cyanobacteria
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:Non-vascular
2619:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2503:Podocarpaceae
2501:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2479:Araucariaceae
2477:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:Ceratophyllum
2398:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:core eudicots
2264:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:tracheophytes
2163:
2160:Seed plants (
2159:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2023:
2020:; these lack
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1747:Subdivisions
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1735:Microsporidia
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1708:Glomeromycota
1705:
1701:
1700:basidiolichen
1697:
1693:
1691:
1690:Deuteromycota
1687:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1662:Basidiomycota
1659:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1601:-like animals
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1354:Lophophorata
1353:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1331:(spoon worms)
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1277:(tusk shells)
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:(mud dragons)
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:(penis worms)
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:panarthropoda
1111:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:panarthropoda
1099:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
995:
989:
988:Tantulocarida
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:Mystacocarida
976:
974:
971:
968:
964:
961:
960:
959:
956:
954:
953:Cephalocarida
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
938:
934:
930:
927:
924:
920:
916:
912:
909:
908:
907:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
883:
878:
877:Archaeognatha
875:
870:
867:
865:(caddisflies)
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
839:Raphidioptera
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
817:(webspinners)
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
775:(cockroaches)
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:(mayflies, a
716:
715:Ephemeroptera
713:
710:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
684:
680:
676:
673:
672:
670:
666:
663:
662:
660:
656:
653:
652:
651:
647:
646:
645:
644:
640:
639:
636:
633:
628:
624:
623:
619:
616:
615:
610:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:
590:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
569:
568:Holothuroidea
566:
563:
559:
555:
552:
549:
545:
542:
541:
539:
538:ambulacrarian
536:(one kind of
535:
534:
533:Echinodermata
530:
525:
521:
518:
513:
510:
507:
503:
500:
497:
494:
493:
491:
487:
484:
481:
477:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
447:
443:
440:
437:
433:
429:
425:
424:Elasmobranchs
422:
421:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
389:
385:
382:
379:
376:
372:
369:
366:
362:
359:
358:
356:
352:
349:
344:
340:
337:
334:
330:
326:
323:
320:
317:
316:
315:
312:
305:
301:
300:
295:
291:
288:
285:
281:
278:
277:
276:
273:
268:
264:
261:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
235:
231:
227:
226:Sauropterygia
224:
221:
217:
214:
213:
211:
207:
203:
202:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
177:
173:
172:
168:
167:
164:
163:Deuterostomes
161:
157:
153:
151:
149:
145:
141:
133:
131:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
102:
101:Stramenopiles
97:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
50:
46:
42:
40:
35:
31:
29:
19:
3045:Korarchaeota
3023:Methanococci
3008:Halobacteria
3003:Archaeoglobi
2978:
2962:Omnibacteria
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2890:Fusobacteria
2888:
2881:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2822:
2813:
2806:
2800:, including
2795:
2787:
2783:mitochondria
2773:, including
2768:
2760:
2753:
2748:Spirochaetes
2746:
2739:
2732:
2727:chloroplasts
2720:
2697:
2689:
2682:
2676:
2655:
2652:(liverworts)
2647:
2635:
2622:embryophytes
2615:(clubmosses)
2610:
2604:Ophioglossum
2602:
2590:Pteridophyta
2588:
2575:Cryptogamous
2558:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2472:Cephalotaxus
2470:
2464:
2458:
2443:Cupressaceae
2430:
2421:
2415:
2405:, and others
2400:
2394:
2391:water lilies
2386:palaeodicots
2384:
2359:
2310:Cucurbitales
2279:Saxifragales
2240:Ranunculales
2233:
2220:
2194:
2181:
2177:Angiospermae
2175:
2170:embryophytes
2144:
2138:Centrohelida
2136:
2128:
2106:
2093:opisthokonts
2091:- These are
2086:
2077:
2070:
2062:, including
2057:
2052:Foraminifera
2050:
2043:
2022:mitochondria
2015:
2009:
2003:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1954:
1946:
1939:
1933:
1900:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1870:
1857:
1846:(whence the
1841:
1813:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1718:
1706:
1678:
1672:
1660:
1636:
1612:
1580:sea anemones
1563:
1555:
1541:
1533:
1519:Orthonectida
1517:
1511:Acoelomorpha
1509:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1464:Gastrotricha
1462:
1436:
1411:(flatworms)
1406:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1363:
1357:
1344:
1336:
1287:
1281:Caudofoveata
1237:(pelecypods)
1196:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1148:Scalidophora
1141:Nematomorpha
1139:
1119:
1107:
1095:
1071:(millipedes)
1065:(centipedes)
937:brine shrimp
929:Branchiopoda
911:Malacostraca
857:Strepsiptera
841:(snakeflies)
833:Thysanoptera
811:(stoneflies)
797:Phthiraptera
785:Siphonaptera
641:
622:Chaetognatha
620:
614:Xenoturbella
612:
602:pterobranchs
593:Hemichordata
591:
562:sand dollars
531:
524:invertebrate
523:
490:invertebrate
489:
480:invertebrate
387:
374:
364:
345:(caecilians)
297:
284:crocodilians
263:Sphenodontia
240:Lepidosauria
233:
206:paraphyletic
199:
169:
148:paraphyletic
137:
128:
109:
98:
87:
56:
47:
43:
38:
36:
32:
25:
3131:Wikispecies
3033:Thermococci
3028:Methanopyri
2997:methanogens
2955:Dictyoglomi
2948:Thermotogae
2904:Nitrospirae
2856:Chloroflexi
2699:Glaucophyta
2694:(red algae)
2678:Chlorophyta
2673:Green algae
2660:(hornworts)
2599:whisk ferns
2565:phanerogams
2546:Welwitschia
2527:Ginkgophyta
2520:Cycadophyta
2466:Amentotaxus
2411:Gymnosperms
2370:Magnoliales
2331:, and both
2314:Brassicales
2293:, and both
2291:Dilleniales
2265:Superclass
2227:commelinids
2117:myxogastria
2113:slime molds
2017:Trichomonas
1983:Trypanosoma
1956:Glaucophyta
1951:(red algae)
1935:Chlorophyta
1930:Green algae
1892:Apicomplexa
1859:Cryptophyta
1828:chrysophyta
1679:Penicillium
1607:- Jellyfish
1493:Cycliophora
1481:(jaw worms)
1456:Monogononta
1445:Seisonoidea
1441:(rotifers)
1415:Turbellaria
1359:Brachiopoda
1324:Myzostomida
1312:Oligochaeta
1270:Aplacophora
1241:Cephalopoda
1169:Kinorhyncha
1133:Secernentea
1128:Adenophorea
1109:Onychophora
1049:Eurypterida
1043:sea spiders
1039:Pycnogonida
998:Chelicerata
963:Thecostraca
958:Maxillopoda
933:sea-monkeys
889:springtails
863:Trichoptera
845:Megaloptera
793:(true bugs)
743:Phasmatodea
719:paleopteran
709:paleopteran
699:Lepidoptera
675:Hymenoptera
635:Ecdysozoans
606:graptolites
598:acorn worms
578:Ophiuroidea
572:Enypniastes
558:sea urchins
548:sea daisies
466:Hyperoartia
442:Holocephali
371:Chondrostei
339:Gymnophiona
296:(including
290:Ornithodira
286:and others)
275:Archosauria
230:plesiosaurs
210:ichthyosaur
174:(Subphylum
144:opisthokont
112:Opisthokont
94:Embryophyta
18:User:Arkuat
2779:rickettsia
2755:Chlamydiae
2734:Firmicutes
2691:Rhodophyta
2684:Charophyta
2630:cryptogams
2626:bryophytes
2624:(that is,
2595:horsetails
2581:and their
2534:Gnetophyta
2378:Canellales
2361:magnoliids
2296:Class (?)
2275:Santalales
2260:Gunnerales
2217:seagrasses
2183:Anthophyta
2125:heliozoans
2064:phytomyxea
2045:Radiolaria
2005:Metamonada
1999:slime mold
1990:Percolozoa
1971:Euglenozoa
1948:Rhodophyta
1941:Charophyta
1902:Plasmodium
1878:Paramecium
1872:Ciliophora
1866:Alveolates
1852:Cretaceous
1848:coccoliths
1843:Haptophyta
1753:zygomycota
1694:see also:
1688:see also:
1674:Ascomycota
1654:subregnum
1557:Ctenophora
1502:bilaterian
1450:Bdelloidea
1400:Platyzoans
1389:Entoprocta
1316:earthworms
1301:Clitellata
1295:Polychaeta
1275:Scaphopoda
1253:nautiluses
1205:Gastropoda
1193:Trochozoa
1177:Loricifera
1161:Priapulida
1097:Tardigrada
1086:Subphylum
1056:Subphylum
1015:harvestmen
996:Subphylum
983:Branchiura
904:Subphylum
885:Entognatha
851:Neuroptera
815:Embioptera
809:Plecoptera
805:(booklice)
803:Psocoptera
767:Dermaptera
739:(mantises)
727:(termites)
693:Coleoptera
665:Dicondylia
648:Subphylum
643:Arthropoda
627:protostome
554:Echinoidea
544:Asteroidea
496:Ascidiacea
460:Acanthodii
454:Placodermi
412:Actinistia
304:pterosaurs
280:Crurotarsi
218:(turtles,
196:Sauropsida
176:Vertebrata
124:Holomycota
105:Phaeophyta
79:Metamonada
2824:Aquificae
2637:Bryophyta
2490:Araucaria
2423:Pinophyta
2417:Coniferae
2396:Amborella
2374:Piperales
2347:Asterales
2336:Solanales
2248:Proteales
2108:Amoebozoa
2088:Choanozoa
2038:Amoebozoa
2036:(but not
2034:amoeboids
2032:- mostly
1995:acrasidae
1965:Excavates
1924:Corticata
1899:-causing
1795:eukaryote
1792:See also:
1630:Silicarea
1605:Scyphozoa
1535:Rhombozoa
1528:Agnotozoa
1430:Trematoda
1420:Monogenea
1381:Phoronida
1338:Sipuncula
1308:(leeches)
1306:Hirudinea
1261:(chitons)
1245:octopuses
1153:Markuelia
1090:(extinct)
1088:Trilobita
1075:Pauropoda
1069:Diplopoda
1063:Chilopoda
1058:Myriapoda
1029:Xiphosura
1011:scorpions
1003:Arachnida
967:barnacles
948:Remipedia
943:Ostracoda
923:amphipods
906:Crustacea
897:proturans
893:diplurans
869:Mecoptera
827:Zoraptera
821:Notoptera
791:Hemiptera
779:Zygentoma
773:Blattodea
769:(earwigs)
761:Hemiptera
749:Caelifera
695:(beetles)
669:neopteran
659:Pterygota
584:Crinoidea
526:subphylum
502:Thaliacea
462:(extinct)
456:(extinct)
446:chimaeras
378:sturgeons
361:Teleostei
355:bony fish
294:dinosaurs
220:tortoises
140:eukaryote
118:, namely
114:subtaxon
3115:See also
2981:Bacteria
2837:Chlorobi
2775:rhizobia
2711:Bacteria
2496:Wollemia
2449:Taxaceae
2437:Pinaceae
2431:families
2366:Laurales
2364:include
2340:Lamiales
2329:Cornales
2325:Ericales
2321:asterids
2244:Sabiales
2235:eudicots
2196:monocots
2123:), some
2080:unikonts
2072:Apusozoa
2059:Cercozoa
2030:Rhizaria
2008:such as
1974:such as
1875:such as
1832:oomycota
1785:Protista
1638:Placozoa
1625:Calcarea
1614:Porifera
1595:Hydroids
1591:Hydrozoa
1572:Anthozoa
1565:Cnidaria
1438:Rotifera
1346:Nemertea
1289:Annelida
1235:Bivalvia
1217:abalones
1198:Mollusca
1121:Nematoda
1080:Symphyla
973:Copepoda
915:decapods
835:(thrips)
755:Ensifera
737:Mantodea
725:Isoptera
671:orders)
650:Hexapoda
512:Larvacea
486:Tunicata
476:craniate
384:Holostei
314:Amphibia
267:tuataras
245:Squamata
216:Chelonia
201:Reptiles
182:Mammalia
171:Chordata
156:Animalia
77:, &
75:Neolouka
69:(namely
67:excavata
63:Amorphea
3064:Viruses
2974:Archaea
2972:Domain
2709:Domain
2552:Ephedra
2484:Agathis
2460:Torreya
2306:Rosales
2302:Fabales
2283:Vitales
2256:Buxales
2209:orchids
2154:Plantae
2152:Regnum
2097:animals
2011:Giardia
1977:Euglena
1920:Plantae
1916:lumpers
1897:malaria
1854:chalks)
1824:diatoms
1801:bikonts
1783:Regnum
1685:, etc.)
1683:lichens
1669:, etc.)
1656:Dikarya
1646:Regnum
1585:Cubozoa
1543:Myxozoa
1524:Mesozoa
1425:Cestoda
1373:Bryozoa
1365:Lingula
1329:Echiura
1255:. etc.)
1231:, etc.)
1229:conches
1225:cowries
1221:limpets
1025:, etc.)
1007:spiders
925:, etc.)
919:isopods
787:(fleas)
733:(flies)
731:Diptera
705:Odonata
655:Insecta
395:bowfins
329:Urodela
325:Caudata
249:lizards
154:Regnum
120:Holozoa
71:Discoba
3141:prions
2642:mosses
2583:allies
2540:Gnetum
2451:(yews)
2376:, and
2358:Class
2298:rosids
2262:, and
2222:Allium
2193:Class
2130:Amoeba
2115:(viz.
1914:(some
1838:, etc.
1576:Corals
1500:Other
1318:, etc)
1249:squids
1209:snails
939:, etc)
895:, and
799:(lice)
721:order)
711:order)
482:class)
472:Myxini
438:, etc)
432:skates
428:sharks
402:Dipnoi
363:, the
255:, and
253:snakes
204:are a
116:Obazoa
90:Obazoa
41:text.
3107:VII:
3083:III:
2999:etc)
2579:ferns
2213:palms
2205:bread
2101:fungi
1667:molds
1648:Fungi
1599:hydra
1504:phyla
1213:slugs
1023:mites
1019:ticks
969:etc.)
683:wasps
506:salps
388:e. g.
375:e. g.
343:Apoda
333:newts
319:Anura
306:etc.)
299:birds
16:<
3101:VI:
3089:IV:
3077:II:
2777:and
2675:AKA
2420:AKA
2203:and
2201:rice
2180:AKA
2168:and
2119:and
2099:and
2078:and
1820:kelp
1698:and
1578:and
687:ants
685:and
679:bees
478:but
436:rays
393:and
391:gars
380:etc.
341:AKA
327:AKA
187:Aves
138:The
122:and
39:bold
28:taxa
3095:V:
3071:I:
2927:PCR
2669:).
2628:or
2372:,
2172:).
1850:of
1797:.)
1526:or
302:),
212:.)
2851:?)
2681:,
2601:,
2597:,
2585:)
2549:,
2543:,
2493:,
2487:,
2469:,
2463:,
2399:,
2393:,
2368:,
2338:,
2327:,
2316:),
2312:,
2308:,
2304:,
2289:,
2285:,
2281:,
2277:,
2273:,
2258:,
2254:,
2250:,
2246:,
2242:,
2215:,
2211:,
2127:,
2082::
2014:,
1980:,
1938:,
1932::
1834:,
1830:,
1826:,
1822:,
1803::
1621:)
1597:,
1593:-
1574:-
1251:,
1247:,
1227:,
1223:,
1219:,
1215:,
1211:,
1156:)
1021:,
1017:,
1013:,
1009:,
935:,
921:,
917:,
891:,
681:,
600:,
560:,
540:)
434:,
430:,
386:,
373:,
357:)
251:,
73:,
61:,
3057:?
2995:(
2929:)
2921:(
2880:/
2847:(
2834:/
2729:)
2644:)
2640:(
2607:)
2555:)
2537:(
2499:)
2481:(
2475:)
2457:(
2380:.
2186:(
2103:.
2024:.
1959:?
1715:)
1530:)
1368:)
1314:(
1243:(
1207:(
1116:)
1104:)
1041:(
1035:)
1031:(
1005:(
965:(
931:(
913:(
887:(
689:)
677:(
617:?
608:)
574:)
564:)
556:(
550:)
508:)
448:)
444:(
426:(
408:)
335:)
292:(
282:(
269:)
265:(
259:)
247:(
236:)
228:(
198:(
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