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User:Double sharp/Telerin

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31: 422:. Another notable feature of Tolkien's Elvish languages was his development of a complex internal history of characters to speak those tongues in their own fictional universe since he felt that, as with the historical languages he studied professionally, his languages changed and developed over time not in a vacuum, but as a result of the migrations and interactions of the peoples who spoke them. The name 1860:), which also contains the sole known example of a primitive final long vowel being preserved in any Eldarin language.(Ardalambion) However, Tolkien's latest ideas seem to have been to remove the diphthongs /oi/ and /eu/, having them became /ui/ and /iu/ in Telerin respectively, and given the Telerin word 495:, also publishing scholarly and linguistic analyses of the language. Although Tolkien never created enough vocabulary to make it possible to converse in Telerin, some poetry and prose has been written in Telerin: this has required conjecture and the need to devise new words, in effect developing a kind of 2232:
system (base 10). Nevertheless, the Telerin vocabulary of number words is largely decimal, though there exists a special word for 12.(Parma Tyelpelassiva) The numbers 1–10 are presented below (reconstructed forms are marked with an asterisk *, and wrong forms with a double asterisk **). (VT48:6, 21)
610:
were Telerin in form (for Finarfin spoke the language of his wife's people); and they proved easy to render into Sindarin in form and sense, because of the close relationship of the Telerin of Aman to the language of their kin, the Sindar of Beleriand, in spite of the great changes that it had
1724:
as /ā, ē, ī, ō, ū/. The precise quality of the vowels is not known, but their pronunciation is likely closer to the "pure" vowels of Italian and Spanish than to the diphthongized English ones. The precise function of the acute accent in Telerin is not precisely known: it always indicates
679:, a Noldo, is stated explicitly to have learned it, showing that they were further apart. Telerin itself descended from Common Telerin, almost certainly through Old Telerin; Common Telerin was spoken by the Teleri on the march from Cuiviénen to Valinor: notably, it had turned primitive 561:: Tolkien's last conceptions of Telerin, in various late essays written 1967–9. These give more words, rules, and finally finish describing the relationships between the Eldarin languages and the internal history of Telerin in Arda – work that was begun at the Q&E-Telerin stage. 1888:, but the latter meaning has been noted to be implausible due to the large number of overlong vowels it would create. Another possibility is that the acute refers to stress, but this is done inconsistently, and the only cases where this is certainly the meaning are in the words 2770:
was a very old traditional formula in an elevated style and used between two people (or two companies of many people) each going on a path that crosses that of the other: "A star shines upon the hour of the meeting of our ways". This formula was also used in Telerin:
1884:: the macron, which definitely refers to vowel length, and the acute accent, whose precise function is unknown and inconsistent. It has been suggested that they could both refer to vowel length, with the macron either being synonymous with the accent or marking 486:
The longest published Telerin text by Tolkien is one sentence long. At his death Tolkien left behind a number of unpublished writings on Telerin and later Tolkien scholars have prepared his notes and unpublished manuscripts for publication in the journals
666:
the Great Sea, and when it came to the second embarking, they wished to still see the stars under which they awoke at Cuiviénen. Thus Ulmo set Tol Eressëa just off the shore of Valinor, so that the Teleri could see the stars and yet dwell within sight of
519:: The earliest Telerin of 1920–5. These are very different in style from all the later stages and as such is mostly obsolete for the study of Tolkien's final vision of Telerin. Some phonological developments were in place at this time already (e.g. 594:
It has been observed that the "degree of proximity" to the light of the Valar affects the development of both languages in terms of phonology, morphology and semantics. The division between Light Elves and Dark Elves that took place during the
1269:
are far less restricted in position than in Quenya, and many more consonant clusters are permitted. The following table presents the inventory of classic Telerin consonants, together with their orthographic representations in angle brackets.
2759:, literally "be well". It is a formula used in Tarquesta for greetings and also for farewell. The Telerin cognate is not attested in Tolkien, but the known phonological development from Common Eldarin to Telerin would result in 1232:
Telerin has a very conservative phonology compared to all the other Eldarin languages (Quenya being the second most conservative). (Ardalambion) The Telerin consonant system has 5 major places of articulation:
1969:
Telerin nouns have at least two numbers: singular and general plural ("plural 1"). There also exists a formation that could be identical in meaning to the Quenya particular/partitive plural ("plural 2"). The
97: 1601:
of before other velar consonants. Tolkien constantly changed his idea on this, sometimes stating that it was actually a Telerin phoneme, but no attested words have bare /ŋ/ without /ɡ/ or /k/ immediately
2164:
In Quenya, there are many similarities in form between prepositions and adverbs since the grammatical case already determines the relation of verb and object: the same is true for Telerin. For example,
671:;(Silm:Ch.5) this long separation from the Vanyar and Noldor caused their language to diverge from Quenya. Telerin was held by some elves to be a dialect of Quenya; the two languages were somewhat 2743:
Elvish greetings can be expressed both by voice and by hand, and often involve a combination of the two. Elvish greetings are often, but not always, used just prior to a conversation. From the
2859:
Tolkien's spelling in Latin letters of Quenya was largely phonemic, with each letter corresponding to a specific phoneme in the language: it uses all the letters of the Latin alphabet except
386:
several times until Telerin reached its final state. The vocabulary remained relatively stable throughout the creation process. Also the name of the language was changed by Tolkien from
2838:
Most of the times, Tolkien wrote his invented languages using the Latin script, but he devised a number of original writing systems to match the internal histories of his languages.
1961:
for case and number. Verbs are inflected for tense and aspect, and for agreement with subject and object. The following describes Tolkien's latest conception of Telerin grammar.
2180:
As mentioned above, prepositions seem to suffice to express many of the Quenya noun cases in Telerin. It has been suggested that the ablative may be formed from the preposition
555:, written 1959–60. These give new Telerin words and phrases and some derivational rules for Telerin, and the relationship of Telerin to Quenya and Sindarin begins to surface. 1872:, the presence of /āi/ in late Telerin is also uncertain. This would reduce the number of Telerin diphthongs to four in Tolkien's final vision of Telerin: /ai, ui, au, iu/. 2116:, the only probable unattested case, is a shortened form). The presence of further cases is unlikely, and the other cases of Quenya are most likely usually expressed by 1257:). Unlike Quenya and Sindarin, there is a complete absence of voiced fricatives; it is not known if voicless approximants and liquids occur in Telerin. The voiced stops 3003: 90: 591:
of several related languages and dialects. The following is a brief overview of the fictional internal history of Telerin as conceived by Tolkien c. 1965.
1844:, possibly indicating that it is a rising diphthong , in contrast to the other diphthongs which are known to be falling). Unusually, one long diphthong ( 50: 535:). This Telerin has a much greater Latin and Italian flavour than later stages, in which this influence is reduced to just being a faint similarity: 185:
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3101: 3023: 2982: 2528:
after consonants), has been suggested to be due to Quenya influence or due to a special adjectival suffix only for ordinal numbers. The word
1840:
Seven Telerin diphthongs are known, attested throughout various stages of its development: /ai, āi, ui, oi, au, eu, iu/ (the last written
1591:
Telerin , like Vanyarin Quenya , is post-dental (and could be more narrowly transcribed ). It was previously interdental, as in English.
131: 164: 1937:, i.e. different word particles are joined by appending them, but to a much smaller extent than Quenya. It has basic word classes of 406:, but unlike those two languages, Tolkien never named a specific inspiration for Telerin, while Quenya and Sindarin were inspired by 3136: 475:. Telerin did not play a major part in the later Ages, as the Teleri were little involved in historical events, except for the 438: 315: 1880:
Telerin stress rules may not conform precisely to Quenya or Sindarin stress rules. As mentioned above, Telerin employs two
1912:, as it appears in Quenya) cannot receive stress, as Quenya and Sindarin stress rules would have the stress on the second 545:, written 1937–8. These forms begin to follow Tolkien's final vision of Telerin and need only minor updating, if at all. 1594:
is attested only in early Telerin material and may or may not be present in Tolkien's later conception of the language.
687:
at a very early stage, as seen from the fact that this change even occurs in some Avarin languages (cf. an Avarin word
113: 76: 2128:
In middle and late Telerin, adjectives follow the noun they modify.(WJ:369) Some common derivational endings are
1971: 2520:
The presence of -y- after consonants in the ordinal numbers, uncharacteristic of Telerin (which usually changes
1324: 325: 2065:. Nouns ending in consonants had lost a vowel from Common Eldarin and presumably kept this vowel in plural 2. 145: 2907:
Yes, the referencing is currently terrible. It will be remedied before I actually dump this into mainspace.
2611: 1830: 1817: 1806: 1800: 1796: 1785: 1771: 1767: 1703: 1699: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1672: 1659: 1655: 1649: 1645: 1566: 1553: 1529: 1503: 1480: 1469: 1460: 1446: 1438: 1428: 1421: 1414: 1396: 1385: 1376: 1361: 1350: 1341: 596: 452: 160: 2849: 69: 3082: 3067: 1546: 1316: 1170: 672: 135: 1726: 627: 456: 360: 239: 599:
is reflected in their respective languages. Telerin seems intermediate between Quenya and Sindarin.
65: 2649: 105: 2669: 2659: 1585: 1311: 623: 372: 368: 357: 249: 121: 2184:("out (of)", as in Quenya) and the genitive, as in Russian: the Telerin translation of Quenya 1304: 1294: 1250: 1242: 244: 155: 17: 1609:, common with the voiceless stops, is indicated with a doubled consonant. (VT47:12,23,32,42) 2583: 2577: 2093: 1489: 1289: 1284: 1238: 1234: 655: 419: 407: 395: 364: 209: 2571: 2242: 2101: 1667: 1299: 1246: 588: 654:. The Vanyar and Noldor continued to Eldamar ('Elvenhome') and founded the great city of 2885: 2247: 1885: 1331: 659: 658:, where they developed Quenya. But the Teleri came too late for the first embarking of 639: 411: 270: 3130: 2109: 2105: 1930: 1092:
in the Telerin of the 1930s;(Etym) late Telerin is sometimes said by Tolkien to have
480: 382:
Tolkien began devising the language at around 1915 and re-structured the grammar and
83: 3054: 1717: 1249:(involving the back of the tongue and the back part of the roof of the mouth), and 376: 277: 228: 2509:. These are made from the roots for the words for the numbers 1 to 9 and the root 2605: 2117: 2113: 1954: 1640: 1628: 1254: 1904:, which is possible though not certain, then a stress rule can be deduced that 2225: 2097: 2089: 1958: 1881: 1694: 1633: 1606: 1453: 1124:
had remained unchanged from Common Eldarin, but the Common Eldarin diphthongs
476: 2965: 1720:. The short vowels are /a, e, i, o, u/ and the long ones are written with an 2725: 2719: 2698: 2589: 1950: 1598: 1405: 643: 383: 295: 2096:, but to a much smaller extent than Quenya. Telerin probably has only four 1597:
may or may not be phonemic in Telerin, but certainly occurs at least as an
451:
in Telerin. Telerin translates as "the language of the Teleri". After the
2802:
Only a few other Telerin phrases are known (as opposed to single words):
2599: 1865: 1211: 696: 676: 663: 651: 403: 352: 333: 321: 455:, Telerin originated as the speech of the third clan of "High Elves" or 2643: 2627: 2621: 2563: 2229: 1946: 635: 631: 468: 464: 414:
respectively, but it has been suggested that Telerin was influenced by
343: 329: 281: 2850:
None attested by Tolkien, but here's a plausible reconstruction of it.
2077:"six". The dual may thus be expressed in Telerin simply by the prefix 2713: 2707: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2616: 2156:(for ordinal numbers). Adjectives do not have attested plural forms. 1934: 1721: 1245:(involving the tongue and the middle part of the roof of the mouth), 1100:(VT48:7), but there are also attested words from this period such as 675:(PM:332), but the Teleri considered it to be a separate language and 647: 582:
This section is currently severely incoherent. That will change soon.
460: 443: 399: 2747:
it appears that Elves do not have a very elaborate greeting ritual.
2045:"many" being the source of this ending). Tolkien only gives this in 703:
1. Development of initial Primitive Quendian consonants in Telerin
2637: 1713: 472: 415: 2532:
for "seventh" is due to an analogical substitution of the ending
1908:
between a consonant and another vowel (historically derived from
2664: 1942: 1938: 668: 2469:
Only cardinal numbers are attested for any higher numbers: 11
1588:
like Quenya . Telerin may thus be more narrowly transcribed .
437:
Within Tolkien's fictive universe, Telerin is one of the many
426:
is actually a Quenya word: Telerin names for the language are
25: 2196:"in"; the same happens in Quenya, but much more restricted. 619:
would have been their more natural Quenya forms..."(PM:346)
512:
The development of Telerin may be divided into four stages:
29: 3035: 3033: 2777:
The most usual formula used by the Noldor in farewells is
2192:. The locative may thus be expressed with the preposition 2085:"both"), which elides with the initial vowel of the noun. 332:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2010:
being nonexistent in Telerin); when the singular ends in
1974:
probably also exists, but is nowhere attested certainly.
1729:, but sometimes seems to indicate vowel length as well. 1168:
is a distinct conception from the Telerin described in
187: 172: 151: 104: 1612:
Morphophonemics and allophony – talk for consonants
630:, i.e. those Elves who undertook the Great March to 2188:"Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth" may thus be 293: 288: 267: 234: 223: 215: 205: 200: 120: 2169:"away" is related to the obsolete allative ending 1241:(involving the tongue and the back of the teeth), 1186:when followed immediately by a vowel, and becomes 3050: 3048: 3055:http://www.elvish.org/gwaith/telerin_velasco.htm 2846:Is there a tengwar mode for Telerin anywhere??? 2593:"maiden crowned with a brightly radiant garland" 2785:"To happiness!". The Telerin cognates would be 695:).(WJ:410) Common Telerin yielded Sindarin and 45:page, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable. 2981:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFlieger2002 ( 2073:"twelve" being described as the dual form of 622:The Elves at first shared a common language, 51:Knowledge (XXG):So you made a userspace draft 8: 2069:The presence of a dual form is suggested by 3022:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPesch2003 ( 2961: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 1202:after consonants. The Common Eldarin vowel 49:For guidance on developing this draft, see 3100:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFSolopova ( 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2224:According to Tolkien, the elves preferred 197: 2235: 1994:, a diphthong is formed with the suffix 1736: 1619: 1274: 701: 471:, the land of the immortal and God-like 394:. It is the third-most developed of the 3002:was invoked but never defined (see the 2976: 2911: 2536:: the original Common Eldarin form was 2100:. These include the two primary cases, 326:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 1210: 1194:"excluding"); conversely, in general, 351: 3017: 2817:, all meaning "Olwë's house".(WJ:369) 2513:"new, fresh, anew, repeated", except 1280: 541:: The few Telerin words mentioned in 441:spoken by the immortal Elves, called 39:This is not a Knowledge (XXG) article 7: 3095: 2237:5. Number words for numbers 1 to 10 2057:: presumably either nouns ending in 638:, Primitive Quendian developed into 2994: 1998:. When the singular form ends with 1108:unchanged.(VT48:7). The diphthongs 463:, who left Middle-earth to live in 2566:of Telerin has many proper nouns. 1900:"mariner king" is stressed on the 24: 1986:. When the singular form ends in 1929:The grammar of Telerin is mildly 2517:for 12 (literally "twice six"). 2037:(presumably "many elves", given 2029:(speculative) the suffix may be 1852:(from the primitive Elvish root 650:; their language developed into 642:. Some of the Eldar remained in 566:Publication of linguistic papers 1174:, which contains forms such as 551:: Telerin as seen in the essay 2889:additionally. blah blah blah. 2883:, and uses the special letter 2773:Ēl sīla lūmena *vomentie nguo! 2540:, which would yield Telerin ** 2061:use a different ending or use 1868:", also derived from the root 1: 2768:Elen síla lúmenn' omentiëlvo! 2734:Some prepositions and adverbs 189:Submit your draft for review! 41:: It is an individual user's 2829:"My heart tells me"(VT41:11) 2755:is a reduced form of Quenya 2152:(material or language), and 1584:Telerin is dental, and not 1544: 1518: 1487: 1451: 1403: 1369: 1329: 1215:) is realized in Telerin as 611:undergone in Middle-earth. 587:The Elvish languages are a 447:('speakers') in Quenya and 3153: 2228:counting (base 12) to the 2108:, and one adverbial case: 1164:respectively. The loss of 375:that is commonly known as 280:; Elvish writing systems: 2246: 2241: 1744: 1742: 1698: 1545: 1488: 1452: 1404: 1330: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1084:Originally the diphthong 730: 727: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 312: 2160:Prepositions and adverbs 1848:) is known, in the word 2966:Teleri lambëo minaþurië 2002:, the plural has plain 1716:, and a distinction of 227:The fictional world of 3137:Stale userspace drafts 2842:Elvish writing systems 2205:Possessive determiners 2190:*Et Gaiaro (H)endorena 1738:4. Telerin Diphthongs 1276:2. Telerin Consonants 1237:(involving the lips), 597:Sundering of the Elves 314:This article contains 34: 3083:The War of the Jewels 3068:The War of the Jewels 1982:the suffix is always 1581:Originally bilabial . 1104:"renewed" that leave 673:mutually intelligible 240:constructed languages 33: 2998:The named reference 2823:"Don't do !"(WJ:371) 2766:The Quenya greeting 2186:Et Eärello Endorenna 1876:Syllables and stress 2238: 2136:(for general use), 1739: 1622: 1277: 704: 353:[ˈtɛlɛˌrin] 250:fictional languages 3080:J. R. R. Tolkien, 3065:J. R. R. Tolkien, 3040:Parma Eldalamberon 2781:"Go happily!", or 2236: 2173:, always found as 2088:Telerin nouns are 2018:. No nouns end in 1737: 1621:3. Telerin Vowels 1620: 1275: 702: 624:Primitive Quendian 489:Parma Eldalamberon 467:("Elvenhome"), in 373:fictional universe 367:, and used by the 358:fictional language 245:artistic languages 35: 2745:Lord of the Rings 2673:"Elf (general)"; 2467: 2466: 2014:, the plural has 1856:, Common Eldarin 1838: 1837: 1757: 1752: 1712:Telerin has five 1710: 1709: 1576: 1575: 1190:when final (e.g. 1178:"Elves". Telerin 1082: 1081: 699:in Middle-earth. 340: 339: 322:rendering support 318:phonetic symbols. 224:Setting and usage 196: 195: 18:User:Double sharp 3144: 3106: 3105: 3093: 3087: 3078: 3072: 3063: 3057: 3052: 3043: 3037: 3028: 3027: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3007: 3001: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2974: 2968: 2963: 2827:Ōre nia pete nin 2751:The Quenya word 2615:"saviour of the 2243:Cardinal numbers 2239: 2022:in the singular. 1832: 1819: 1808: 1802: 1798: 1787: 1773: 1769: 1755: 1750: 1740: 1705: 1701: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1674: 1661: 1657: 1651: 1647: 1623: 1568: 1555: 1531: 1505: 1482: 1471: 1462: 1448: 1440: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1398: 1387: 1378: 1363: 1352: 1343: 1278: 1214: 1209: 1171:Quendi and Eldar 705: 576:Internal history 553:Quendi and Eldar 517:pre-Etym-Telerin 503:External history 439:Elvish languages 396:Elvish languages 365:J. R. R. Tolkien 355: 350: 307: 298: 273: 210:J. R. R. Tolkien 198: 192: 190: 181: 176: 168: 125: 124: 108: 56: 48: 43:work-in-progress 32: 26: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3127: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3118:Further reading 3115: 3110: 3109: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3079: 3075: 3064: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3031: 3021: 3016: 3012: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2980: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2913: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2857: 2844: 2836: 2834:Writing systems 2800: 2741: 2736: 2631:"mariner-king"; 2609:"silver-fist"; 2603:"silver-tall"; 2560: 2555: 2550: 2248:Ordinal numbers 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2177:grammatically. 2162: 2126: 1967: 1927: 1922: 1886:overlong vowels 1878: 1735: 1618: 1565: 1552: 1528: 1502: 1479: 1468: 1459: 1445: 1436: 1427: 1420: 1413: 1395: 1384: 1375: 1360: 1349: 1340: 1253:(involving the 1230: 1225: 1207: 859:palatal-dental 646:and became the 589:language family 578: 573: 568: 549:Q&E-Telerin 543:The Etymologies 510: 505: 348: 320:Without proper 305: 294: 274: 269: 263: 206:Created by 188: 186: 184: 183: 174: 158: 149: 148: 126: 60: 58: 54: 46: 30: 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 3150: 3148: 3140: 3139: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3123:External links 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3088: 3073: 3058: 3044: 3029: 3010: 2988: 2969: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2856: 2855:Latin alphabet 2853: 2843: 2840: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2815:*cava ria Olue 2799: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2775: 2764: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2703: 2702: 2655: 2654: 2641:"Lofty Lady"; 2633: 2632: 2595: 2594: 2581:"iron-noble"; 2575:"hair-noble"; 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2465: 2464: 2461: 2456: 2453: 2443: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2416: 2413: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2390: 2387: 2381: 2380: 2377: 2372: 2369: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2337: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2314: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2293: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2278: 2275: 2265: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2161: 2158: 2148:(completion), 2125: 2122: 2112:(of which the 2067: 2066: 2023: 1966: 1963: 1949:/determiners, 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1877: 1874: 1836: 1835: 1833: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1794: 1790: 1789: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1734: 1731: 1708: 1707: 1697: 1691: 1690: 1680: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1653: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1617: 1614: 1604: 1603: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1549: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1525: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1465: 1463: 1456: 1450: 1449: 1442: 1433: 1431: 1424: 1417: 1410: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1381: 1379: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1337: 1334: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1319: 1314: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1022: 1016: 1010: 1004: 1000: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 973: 967: 961: 955: 951: 950: 947: 941: 938: 935: 925: 919: 913: 907: 906:palatal-velar 903: 902: 899: 896: 890: 884: 878: 872: 866: 860: 856: 855: 849: 839: 833: 827: 817: 811: 805: 799: 795: 794: 791: 788: 785: 779: 769: 763: 757: 751: 747: 746: 743: 740: 737: 733: 732: 729: 725: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 640:Common Eldarin 585: 584: 577: 574: 572: 571:Use of Telerin 569: 567: 564: 563: 562: 556: 546: 536: 509: 506: 504: 501: 493:Vinyar Tengwar 338: 337: 324:, you may see 310: 309: 299: 291: 290: 289:Language codes 286: 285: 275: 271:Writing system 268: 265: 264: 262: 261: 260: 259: 258: 257: 238: 236: 232: 231: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 194: 193: 150:This page was 57: 36: 23: 15: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3149: 3138: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3103: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3051: 3049: 3045: 3042:(17), p. 162. 3041: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3019: 3014: 3011: 3005: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2978: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2902: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2833: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2798:Other phrases 2797: 2793:respectively. 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2774: 2769: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2684: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2590:Alatāriel(le) 2587:"top-noble"; 2586: 2585: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2565: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2401: 2400: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2219: 2214: 2210:Demonstrative 2209: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1973: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1931:agglutinative 1924: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1892:"don't!" and 1891: 1887: 1883: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1805: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1741: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1681: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1654: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1624: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1579: 1572: 1570: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1550: 1548: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1526: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1500: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1484: 1477: 1475: 1473: 1466: 1464: 1457: 1455: 1443: 1434: 1432: 1425: 1418: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1382: 1380: 1373: 1370: 1365: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1347: 1345: 1338: 1335: 1333: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1218: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1009: 1005: 1003:labial-velar 1002: 1001: 997: 994: 991: 988: 986: 982: 978: 974: 972: 968: 966: 962: 960: 956: 953: 952: 948: 946: 942: 939: 936: 934: 930: 926: 924: 920: 918: 914: 912: 908: 905: 904: 900: 897: 895: 891: 889: 885: 883: 879: 877: 873: 871: 867: 865: 861: 858: 857: 854: 850: 848: 844: 840: 838: 834: 832: 828: 826: 822: 818: 816: 812: 810: 806: 804: 800: 797: 796: 792: 789: 786: 784: 780: 778: 774: 770: 768: 764: 762: 758: 756: 752: 749: 748: 745:prenasalized 744: 741: 738: 735: 734: 726: 706: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 620: 618: 614: 609: 605: 600: 598: 592: 590: 583: 580: 579: 575: 570: 565: 560: 557: 554: 550: 547: 544: 540: 537: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 515: 514: 513: 507: 502: 500: 498: 494: 490: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 453:Elves divided 450: 446: 445: 440: 435: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 380: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 359: 354: 346: 345: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 317: 311: 303: 300: 297: 292: 287: 283: 279: 276: 272: 266: 256: 253: 252: 251: 248: 247: 246: 243: 242: 241: 237: 233: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 211: 208: 204: 199: 191: 182: 180: 178: 169:6 years ago. 166: 162: 157: 153: 147: 146:Fix bare URLs 144: 141: 137: 133: 129: 123: 119: 115: 112: 107: 103: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 67: 63: 62:Find sources: 52: 44: 40: 37: 28: 27: 19: 3098:, p. 88 3091: 3081: 3076: 3066: 3061: 3039: 3020:, p. 90 3013: 2996:Cite error: 2991: 2979:, p. 87 2977:Flieger 2002 2972: 2906: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2858: 2848: 2845: 2837: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2801: 2790: 2787:*Āba magrie! 2786: 2782: 2778: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2744: 2742: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2692: 2686: 2680: 2674: 2668: 2658: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2626: 2625:"grey one"; 2620: 2610: 2604: 2598: 2588: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2561: 2558:Proper nouns 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2458: 2450: 2446: 2436: 2428: 2418: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2384: 2374: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2344: 2334: 2326: 2316: 2308: 2298: 2290: 2280: 2272: 2268: 2223: 2220:Number words 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2120:in Telerin. 2118:prepositions 2087: 2082: 2081:(cf. Quenya 2078: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1968: 1957:. Nouns are 1955:prepositions 1928: 1920:Phonotactics 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896:"renew". If 1893: 1889: 1879: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1839: 1711: 1611: 1605: 1547:Approximants 1266: 1262: 1258: 1231: 1216: 1212:[ɔː] 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1070: 1041: 1029: 1025: 1019: 1013: 1007: 984: 980: 976: 970: 964: 958: 954:plain velar 944: 932: 928: 922: 916: 910: 893: 887: 881: 875: 869: 863: 852: 846: 842: 836: 830: 824: 820: 814: 808: 802: 782: 776: 772: 766: 760: 754: 720:approximant 692: 688: 684: 680: 626:. Among the 621: 616: 612: 607: 603: 601: 593: 586: 581: 559:late Telerin 558: 552: 548: 542: 539:Etym-Telerin 538: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 511: 496: 492: 488: 485: 448: 442: 436: 431: 427: 423: 391: 387: 381: 377:Middle-earth 342: 341: 313: 301: 254: 229:Middle-earth 219:c. 1915–1973 170: 156:Double sharp 142: 139: 132:Citation bot 127: 117: 110: 101: 98:WP refs 94: 87: 80: 73: 61: 59: 42: 38: 2729:"Beleriand" 2606:Telperimpar 1325:post-dental 1317:labiodental 1255:vocal folds 1144:had become 1096:merge with 660:Tol Eressëa 602:"The names 508:Development 497:neo-Telerin 328:instead of 152:last edited 91:free images 3113:References 3018:Pesch 2003 2791:*Magriena! 2779:Áva márië! 2757:á na márië 2726:Hecellubar 2717:"Quenya"; 2708:Goldolambe 2679:"Vanyar"; 2553:Vocabulary 2226:duodecimal 2124:Adjectives 2102:nominative 2041:"Elf" and 2033:, e.g. in 1951:adjectives 1882:diacritics 1733:Diphthongs 1607:Gemination 1602:following. 1435:<ch> 1371:voiceless 1228:Consonants 739:aspirated 728:voiceless 717:fricative 648:Grey Elves 499:language. 481:Alqualondë 477:Kinslaying 428:Lindalambe 349:pronounced 128:Easy tools 3086:, p. 407. 3071:, p. 367. 3004:help page 2821:Abā care! 2811:cava Olue 2807:Olue cava 2783:Máriënna! 2761:*Namagrie 2739:Greetings 2699:Beleriand 2691:"Teler"; 2685:"Noldo"; 2572:Findarāto 2140:(-able), 1959:inflected 1935:suffixing 1745:Offglide 1668:Close-mid 1599:allophone 1564:<y> 1551:<v> 1527:<l> 1501:<r> 1478:<n> 1467:<n> 1458:<m> 1444:<h> 1426:<þ> 1419:<s> 1412:<f> 1406:Fricative 1394:<c> 1383:<t> 1374:<p> 1359:<g> 1348:<d> 1339:<b> 1332:Occlusive 1223:Phonology 644:Beleriand 613:Artafindë 604:Findaráto 388:Solosimpe 384:phonology 296:ISO 639-3 143:Advanced: 3131:Category 3096:Solopova 2898:See also 2720:Heculbar 2714:Goldōrin 2697:"Elf of 2663:"Elf of 2647:"Rest"; 2628:Ciriāran 2612:Daintāro 2600:Telporno 2584:Ambarāto 2578:Angarāto 2397:seventh 2263:English 2260:Telerin 2257:English 2254:Telerin 2200:Pronouns 2110:allative 2106:genitive 2090:declined 2027:plural 2 1980:plural 1 1947:pronouns 1898:Ciriáran 1866:Belegaer 1586:alveolar 1520:lateral 1494:central 1312:bilabial 1198:becomes 1182:remains 1051:glottal 711:plosive 697:Nandorin 677:Finarfin 664:Belegaer 652:Sindarin 608:Angaráto 432:Lindārin 404:Sindarin 398:, after 356:), is a 334:Help:IPA 284:(mainly) 165:contribs 2753:Namárië 2694:Hecello 2653:"Power" 2638:Baradis 2564:lexicon 2507:neterpe 2491:lepempe 2459:paianya 2437:neterya 2423:eighth 2419:tolodya 2353:lepenya 2339:fourth 2335:canatya 2303:second 2230:decimal 2075:enec(e) 1925:Grammar 1541:  1536:  1515:  1510:  1490:Liquids 1366:  1336:voiced 1305:Glottal 1295:Palatal 1281:  1251:glottal 1243:palatal 1088:became 1078:  1046:  998:  949:  901:  798:dental 793:  750:labial 731:voiced 708:  636:Eldamar 632:Valinor 617:Artanga 469:Valinor 465:Eldamar 424:Telerin 420:Italian 408:Finnish 392:Telerin 371:in his 361:devised 344:Telerin 330:Unicode 282:Tengwar 255:Telerin 235:Purpose 201:Telerin 134: ( 100:)  84:scholar 2893:Corpus 2879:, and 2813:, and 2676:Vaniai 2548:Syntax 2542:otosya 2538:otosjā 2530:ototya 2515:yūnece 2499:otospe 2495:enempe 2475:yūnece 2471:minipe 2463:tenth 2441:ninth 2415:eight 2411:*tolod 2407:*tolot 2393:ototya 2389:seven 2379:sixth 2375:enetya 2321:third 2313:three 2285:first 2114:dative 2071:yūnece 2053:, and 2035:edulam 1850:gāialā 1727:stress 1722:macron 1718:length 1714:vowels 1616:Vowels 1321:plain 1290:Dental 1285:Labial 1265:, and 1239:dental 1235:labial 1160:, and 1120:, and 1075:  1066:  1063:  1060:  1057:  1054:  1037:  1034:  995:  940:  937:  898:  790:  787:  742:plain 736:plain 723:trill 714:nasal 693:kwendî 656:Tirion 461:Teleri 459:, the 444:Quendi 400:Quenya 175:  173:Update 116:  109:  93:  86:  79:  72:  66:Google 64:  55:  47:  3000:Tikka 2903:Notes 2688:Linda 2682:Goldo 2660:Audel 2622:Findo 2511:KEWE- 2505:; 19 2503:tolpe 2501:; 18 2497:; 17 2493:; 16 2489:; 15 2487:campe 2485:; 14 2483:nelpe 2481:; 13 2479:yumpe 2473:; 12 2433:nine 2429:neter 2403:toloþ 2367:enece 2357:fith 2349:five 2345:lepen 2331:four 2327:canat 2317:nelya 2309:nelet 2299:tatya 2281:minya 2215:Verbs 2098:cases 2039:*edul 1965:Nouns 1943:nouns 1939:verbs 1894:ciúra 1862:gaiar 1751:Front 1641:Close 1629:Front 1454:Nasal 1300:Velar 1247:velar 1176:Elloi 1102:ceura 868:*THY→ 691:< 689:penni 662:over 628:Eldar 531:> 523:> 473:Valar 457:Eldar 449:Pendi 416:Latin 412:Welsh 369:Elves 278:Latin 177:timer 114:JSTOR 70:books 16:< 3102:help 3024:help 2983:help 2789:and 2670:Ello 2665:Aman 2650:Bala 2617:Dani 2562:The 2534:-tya 2455:ten 2451:pain 2385:otos 2371:six 2363:enec 2295:two 2277:one 2167:avad 2150:-rin 2144:and 2138:-ima 2132:and 2104:and 2094:case 2092:for 2083:yúyo 2025:For 1978:For 1972:dual 1953:and 1945:and 1933:and 1870:GAYA 1858:gāyā 1854:GAYA 1756:Back 1695:Open 1634:Back 1208:IPA: 1192:heco 1024:ÑGW→ 1012:KHW→ 927:ÑGY→ 915:KHY→ 880:NDY→ 669:Aman 634:and 615:and 606:and 491:and 430:and 418:and 410:and 402:and 302:None 216:Date 161:talk 136:help 106:FENS 77:news 2667:"; 2644:Ēde 2619:"; 2526:-i- 2524:to 2522:-y- 2447:pai 2291:tat 2273:min 2194:*mi 2182:*et 2175:-na 2171:-da 2154:-ya 2146:-ra 2142:-re 2134:-na 2130:-ia 2079:yū- 2063:-um 2055:-um 2051:-em 2047:-am 2043:eme 1990:or 1890:avá 1801:aːj 1799:, ( 1774:?) 1441:) 1030:emb 1018:GW→ 1006:KW→ 992:Ȝ→∅ 989:Ñ→∅ 985:eng 975:ÑG→ 963:KH→ 933:ang 921:GY→ 909:KY→ 892:SY→ 886:NY→ 874:DY→ 862:TY→ 825:end 819:ND→ 807:TH→ 777:emb 771:MB→ 759:PH→ 683:to 533:ria 529:rya 479:at 390:to 363:by 316:IPA 306:mis 154:by 122:TWL 3133:: 3047:^ 3032:^ 3006:). 2914:^ 2875:, 2871:, 2867:, 2863:, 2809:, 2723:, 2711:, 2544:. 2477:, 2449:, 2409:, 2405:, 2365:, 2271:, 2269:er 2059:-o 2049:, 2031:-m 2016:ui 2008:ei 1996:-i 1984:-i 1941:, 1916:. 1846:āi 1842:iú 1831:uj 1827:u 1818:oj 1813:o 1807:aw 1797:aj 1793:a 1788:) 1786:ew 1779:e 1772:ju 1768:iw 1762:i 1706:) 1689:) 1662:) 1261:, 1219:. 1184:av 1180:au 1166:oi 1156:, 1152:, 1150:ui 1148:, 1142:oe 1140:, 1138:ae 1136:, 1134:ou 1132:, 1130:oi 1128:, 1126:ei 1122:iu 1118:au 1116:, 1114:ui 1112:, 1110:ai 1106:eu 1098:iu 1094:eu 1086:eu 1069:H→ 1040:W→ 1028:, 983:, 981:ng 979:, 969:G→ 957:K→ 943:Y→ 931:, 929:*g 923:*d 894:*s 882:*d 876:*d 870:*þ 864:*t 851:R→ 847:gl 845:, 841:L→ 835:S→ 829:N→ 823:, 813:D→ 801:T→ 781:M→ 775:, 765:B→ 753:P→ 681:kw 527:; 521:kw 483:. 434:. 379:. 163:| 138:) 130:: 3104:) 3026:) 2985:) 2886:þ 2881:z 2877:x 2873:w 2869:q 2865:k 2861:j 2763:. 2701:" 2020:i 2012:o 2006:( 2004:i 2000:e 1992:u 1988:a 1914:i 1910:y 1906:i 1902:á 1864:" 1820:) 1816:( 1803:) 1784:( 1770:( 1704:ː 1702:( 1700:a 1687:ː 1685:( 1683:o 1679:) 1677:ː 1675:( 1673:e 1660:ː 1658:( 1656:u 1652:) 1650:ː 1648:( 1646:i 1567:j 1554:w 1530:l 1504:r 1481:ŋ 1470:n 1461:m 1447:h 1439:x 1437:( 1429:θ 1422:s 1415:f 1397:k 1386:t 1377:p 1362:ɡ 1351:d 1342:b 1267:g 1263:d 1259:b 1217:ā 1206:( 1204:ǭ 1200:u 1196:v 1188:o 1162:ā 1158:ā 1154:ō 1146:ē 1090:ū 1071:h 1042:v 1026:m 1020:b 1014:f 1008:p 977:g 971:g 965:h 959:c 945:y 917:þ 911:t 888:n 853:r 843:l 837:s 831:n 821:d 815:d 809:f 803:t 783:m 773:b 767:b 761:f 755:p 685:p 525:p 347:( 336:. 308:) 304:( 179:) 171:( 167:) 159:( 140:| 118:· 111:· 102:· 95:· 88:· 81:· 74:· 68:( 53:.

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J. R. R. Tolkien
Middle-earth
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