Knowledge

powers that enable the president to exert influence over domestic policy. i. Veto Power- The ability to veto a bill from becoming law ii. Appoint bureaucrats- The ability to appoint people into the bureaucracy. b. Define each of the following terms and explain how each limits the president’s ability to influence domestic policymaking in Congress. i. Party polarization- When political parties have drastically different views making it hard for anything to become bi-partisan. ii. Mandatory spending- Money that must be spent from the National Budget for specific reasons. iii. Lame-duck period- The time between when the president is elected and when the president is inaugurated. 2. Conflicts between Congress and the President over war powers have their origin in the United States Constitution. In 1973 Congress passed the War Powers Resolution in an attempt to clarify the balance powers between the two branches of government. a. Describe the primary constitutional conflict between Congress and the President over the decision to war. i. The President is the commander and chief and yet doesn’t have the ability to declare war without congress b. Describe two provisions of the War Powers Resolution that were designed to limit the President’s over war making. i. 48 hours within deployment the president must notify Congress. ii. The president can hold troops at a location for 60 days before Congress has the ability to withdraw them. c. The War Powers Resolution has received mixed reviews, but Congress has other powers over war making. Other than the constitutional power that you described i. Congress has the ability to approve treaties ii. Congress has the ability to control the budget 3. The Cabinet is probably the best-known advisory body in the executive branch. a. Identify three common criteria that Presidents use to select their Cabinet members, and explain why each criterion is important in the selection process. i. Experience ii. A Political Party other than they’re own to create bi-partisanship iii. Diversity b. Identify and explain two factors that prevent Cabinet members from successfully fulfilling their advisory role to the president. i. According to how close they are physically to the president regards directly to how much influence they have on him. ii. The media chooses the political agenda which influences the president’s view and may make it impossible for an unnoticed agenda to become noticed. 4. The concept of “divided government” in the United States means that one political party can control the executive branch while another controls the legislative branch. This poses problems for the President in making appointments to federal offices. a. Describe two problems that divided government poses for the President in making federal appointment. i. Congress can not come to decisions with the President quickly or maybe at all ii. Appointments may not be passed b. Identify and explain two ways Presidents try to overcome the problems described. i. Going directly to the public ii. Threats and Promises 5. Richard Neustadt says, “the power of the President is the power to persuade, not to command.” Identify and explain three specific techniques through which modern-day presidents from Kennedy to Bush use politics to influence and/or control the agenda and actions of Congress. For each technique identified and explained, be sure to provide a specific example to support your explanation. a. Going directly to the public- by going directly to the public he goes right over the head of congress b. Threats and Promises- LBJ used this to pass the civil rights act c. Media- Using the media to his advantage and showing the public charts and graphs much like Regan when trying to pass his economic policy 6. In recent decades, entitlement programs have constituted a substantial portion of the United States federal budget. Social Security is the largest entitlement program in the United States. From the information in the chart above and your knowledge of United States government and politics, perform the following tasks. a. Making it harder to finance programs like Medicare b. Payroll

1. A number of factors enable presidents to exert influence ov3er Congress in the area of domestic policy. However, presidents are also limited in their influence over domestic policymaking in Congress. a. The Constitution grants the president certain enumerated powers. Describe two of these formal

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