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population in the form of
Hostile Architecture. The article lays out a number of ways in which cities have attempted to reduce available resting spots to individuals facing homelessness, but there is undeniably more work that can be done. For instance, the article presents close to zero information regarding the consequences of this style of architecture. Quantifiable effects on the homeless population, as well as other groups the article mentions being disadvantaged including the eldery and pregnant women, are non-existent. Studies to fill in the gap would be an amazing way to show the general public just how devastating these design choices can be. Additionally, there is no real explanation of the scope of hostile architecture. The examples are anecdotal, but it may be useful to present information regarding the broader trend in hostile architecture implementation on the global stage.
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Hello, I'm Hunter! I'm incredibly passionate about research on absolute poverty. This entails working to find different quantifiable metrics for material deprivation and analyzing potential policy solutions designed to combat the issue. Additionally, I'm an avid environmentalist, and am incredibly
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As a part of my larger passion for combatting income inequality, I think it is absolutely imperative that as many people as possible understand the plight of the homeless in the United States. A crucial, underdeveloped element of that discussion is action that is being taken against the homeless
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Petty, James. 2016. “The London Spikes
Controversy: Homelessness, Urban Securitisation and the Question of ‘Hostile Architecture.’” International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 5 (1): 67. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i1.286.
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De Fine Licht, Karl
Persson. 2017. “Hostile Urban Architecture: A Critical Discussion of the Seemingly Offensive Art of Keeping People Away.” Etikk I Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics 11 (2): 27. https://doi.org/10.5324/eip.v11i2.2052.
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Westbrook, Marisa, and Tony
Robinson. 2020. “Unhealthy by Design: Health & Safety Consequences of the Criminalization of Homelessness.” Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, May, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10530789.2020.1763573.
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Hirschfield, Paul J., and
Katarzyna Celinska. 2011. “Beyond Fear: Sociological Perspectives on the Criminalization of School Discipline.” Sociology Compass 5 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00342.x.
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Johnson, Ian M. 2019. “CHARACTERIZING the EFFECTS of HOSTILE ARCHITECTURE on the HEALTH GOALS of HOUSELESS ELDERS.” Innovation in Aging 3 (Supplement_1): S562–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2077.
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Mitchell, Don. 1997. “The
Annihilation of Space by Law: The Roots and Implications of Anti-Homeless Laws in the United States.” Antipode 29 (3): 303–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8330.00048.
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Smith, Naomi, and Peter
Walters. 2017. “Desire Lines and Defensive Architecture in Modern Urban Environments.” Urban Studies 55 (13): 2980–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017732690.
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127:———. 1998. “ANTI-HOMELESS LAWS and PUBLIC SPACE: I. BEGGING and the FIRST AMENDMENT.” Urban Geography 19 (1): 6–11. https://doi.org/10.2747/0272-3638.19.1.6.
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Rosenberger, Robert. 2019. “On
Hostile Design: Theoretical and Empirical Prospects.” Urban Studies 57 (4): 883–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019853778.
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113:“Designing for the Homeless: Architecture That Works.” 2005. Choice Reviews Online 42 (07): 42–385342–3853. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.42-3853.
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passionate about learning lessons from past environmental movements.
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