127:
376:
78:
33:
166:
2041:"The isotopic analyses disclosed a species of mass 248 in constant abundance in three samples analysed over a period of about 10 months. This was ascribed to an isomer of Bk with a half-life greater than 9 . No growth of Cf was detected, and a lower limit for the β half-life can be set at about 10 . No alpha activity attributable to the new isomer has been detected; the alpha half-life is probably greater than 300 ."
327:
426:
410:
1934:
65:
119:
418:
111:
1087:
1708:
513:
1080:
94:
1701:
506:
56:
1975:
Plus radium (element 88). While actually a sub-actinide, it immediately precedes actinium (89) and follows a three-element gap of instability after
1657:
1073:
72:
338:
1694:
499:
401:
59:
2014:
Milsted, J.; Friedman, A. M.; Stevens, C. M. (1965). "The alpha half-life of berkelium-247; a new long-lived isomer of berkelium-248".
2067:" nuclides with half-lives significantly in excess of Th; e.g., while Cd has a half-life of only fourteen years, that of Cd is eight
287:
64:
2068:
480:
1291:
1252:
1219:
1192:
438:
281:
43:
1583:
1552:
1529:
1507:
1476:
493:
1963:
155:
404:
821:
464:
354:
331:
284:
1128:
1000:
972:
846:
547:
483:
451:
100:
51:
1979:(84) where no nuclides have half-lives of at least four years (the longest-lived nuclide in the gap is
93:
2023:
448:
300:
147:
40:
486:
144:
126:
2064:
2051:
1928:
1688:
85:
1951:
467:
375:
306:
21:
2031:
1987:). Radium's longest lived isotope, at 1,600 years, thus merits the element's inclusion here.
1143:
864:
584:
303:
297:
150:
88:
24:
912:
165:
77:
2001:
1997:
1644:
1161:
1120:
477:
46:
32:
2027:
425:
171:
Predominant scripts at the national level, with selected regional and minority scripts.
1664:
1152:
1135:
804:
790:
Has decay energy 380 keV, but its decay product Sb has decay energy 3.67 MeV.
275:
27:
2035:
1941:
778:
753:
699:
595:
309:
278:
1037:
955:
928:
877:
857:
677:
552:
341:
110:
326:
2050:
This is the heaviest nuclide with a half-life of at least four years before the "
851:
1124:
1104:
986:
774:
655:
636:
370:
313:
904:
870:
721:
559:
386:
357:
888:
1980:
1109:
1048:
939:
800:
761:
570:
118:
1976:
1100:
1015:
830:
757:
529:
344:
1957:
1954:
1917:
1651:
614:
409:
454:
220:
1933:
1932:
424:
416:
413:
Nuclear weapons states (red) and
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones (green)
408:
374:
325:
316:
227:
214:
203:
164:
125:
117:
109:
92:
76:
63:
31:
421:
Nuclear weapons states (red) and
Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones (blue)
1114:
840:
379:
Integrality of root systems - expanded with much additional data
210:
417:
130:
Provinces of South Africa - converted to SVG and added captions
312:
Ported more detailed dialect map from
Chinese Knowledge (XXG)
1667:(thermal neutron capture cross section greater than 3k barns)
429:
Southern
Hemisphere areas outside Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones
383:
114:
Southern
California - enlarged county names and cleaned up
330:Wallacea is the group of islands within red area.
1629:
1624:
1617:
1596:
1589:
1577:
1568:
1448:
1443:
1429:
81:Proposals for Texas northwestern boundary, 1850
1513:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1702:
1561:
1556:
1542:
1533:
1411:
1406:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1364:
1350:
1343:
1319:
1314:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1081:
507:
8:
1069:Actinides and fission products by half-life
334:in blue. - Added red area defined by splines
1336:in the range of 100 a–210 ka ...
1207:
1198:
1180:
57:U.S. provisional government of New Mexico
2000:fission of uranium-235, e.g. in a typical
1709:
1695:
1088:
1074:
514:
500:
490:
1909:have half-lives over 1,000,000 years
1006:
1658:naturally occurring radioactive material
1647:cross section in the range of 8–50 barns
977:
1968:
745:
741:
73:Constitutional Convention (California)
17:American expansion and division period
1610:
1329:
339:Multiregional origin of modern humans
285:South_Arabian_alphabet#Sign_inventory
7:
1937:Transmutation in light water reactor
1983:with a half life of less than four
773:Per 65 thermal neutron fissions of
402:List of states with nuclear weapons
60:Territorial evolution of New Mexico
1902:have half-lives under 30 days
799:Lower in thermal reactors because
68:Proposed state of New Mexico, 1850
14:
1475:
288:History of the Arabic alphabet
1:
1899:a yellow background in italic
481:Fission products (by element)
2036:10.1016/0029-5582(65)90719-4
1612:... nor beyond 15.7 Ma
752:Decay energy is split among
223:(Featural-alphabetic S)
1331:No fission products have a
1064:
494:Long-lived fission products
439:Template:Nuclear technology
282:Radical (Chinese character)
44:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
2088:
1893:
1729:
1720:
1685:
122:8 Islands of Ancient Japan
1964:Beta-decay stable isobars
1639:
1119:
1108:
1099:
1067:
742:
156:Standard Average European
805:readily absorbs neutrons
405:Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone
36:Missouri Compromise Line
465:Nuclear reactor coolant
140:Comparative linguistics
1938:
1687:Transmutations in the
430:
422:
414:
380:
355:Late Heavy Bombardment
335:
272:
131:
123:
115:
97:
82:
69:
37:
1936:
1656:№, primarily a
1643:₡, has thermal
484:Fission product yield
452:Integral Fast Reactor
428:
420:
412:
378:
329:
168:
129:
121:
113:
101:Crittenden Compromise
96:
80:
67:
52:History of New Mexico
35:
449:Fast-neutron reactor
301:Varieties of Chinese
200:Logographic+Syllabic
148:Eurasiatic languages
41:Mexican-American War
2028:1965NucPh..71..299M
1682:
824:
803:, its predecessor,
522:
487:Fluoride volatility
172:
145:Linguistic typology
2065:classically stable
2052:sea of instability
1996:Specifically from
1939:
1929:Thorium fuel cycle
1689:thorium fuel cycle
1681:
1220:> 9 a
818:
491:
434:Reactor technology
431:
423:
415:
381:
336:
273:
170:
132:
124:
116:
98:
86:Compromise of 1850
83:
70:
38:
2063:Excluding those "
1952:Table of nuclides
1925:
1924:
1674:
1673:
1635:0.7–14.1 Ga
1631:
1626:
1619:
1598:
1591:
1579:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1544:
1535:
1515:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1482:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1450:
1445:
1431:
1413:
1408:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1352:
1345:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1209:
1200:
1182:
1063:
1062:
816:
815:
468:Neutron moderator
307:Mandarin dialects
271:
270:
266:Canadian Syllabic
22:Republic of Texas
2079:
2072:
2061:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2011:
2005:
1994:
1988:
1973:
1915:
1901:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1683:
1680:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1597:
1590:
1578:
1569:
1562:
1557:
1553:1.61–6.5 Ma
1543:
1534:
1514:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1481:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1449:
1444:
1430:
1419:8.3–8.5 ka
1412:
1407:
1400:4.7–7.4 ka
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:1.3–1.6 ka
1370:
1365:
1351:
1344:
1334:
1320:
1315:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1208:
1199:
1181:
1121:Fission products
1090:
1083:
1076:
1065:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1023:
1010:
1002:
997:
981:
974:
969:
963:
944:
941:
936:
917:
914:
893:
890:
884:
853:
825:
822:fission products
817:
808:
797:
791:
788:
782:
771:
765:
750:
729:
707:
685:
663:
588:
579:
574:
542:
541:
537:
523:
516:
509:
502:
473:Fission products
304:Mandarin Chinese
298:Standard Chinese
267:
264:
261:
258:
255:
247:
244:
241:
231:
224:
218:
207:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
173:
169:
151:Borean languages
89:Gadsden Purchase
25:Texas Annexation
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2062:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2016:Nuclear Physics
2013:
2012:
2008:
2002:nuclear reactor
1998:thermal neutron
1995:
1991:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1949:
1913:
1897:
1716:
1715:
1679:
1670:
1645:neutron capture
1508:327–375 ka
1477:150–250 ka
1356:430–900 a
1335:
1332:
1327:141–351 a
1112:
1095:
1094:
1051:
1043:
1021:
995:
967:
961:
942:
934:
915:
891:
882:
862:
849:
838:
836:
820:
812:
811:
798:
794:
789:
785:
772:
768:
751:
747:
727:
705:
683:
661:
582:
577:
568:
543:
539:
535:
534:
521:
520:
478:Fission product
475:
462:
446:
436:
399:
394:
368:
362:
352:
324:
295:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
245:
242:
239:
225:
219:
209:
202:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
163:
161:Writing systems
142:
137:
108:
106:Other geography
47:Mexican Cession
19:
12:
11:
5:
2085:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2056:
2043:
2006:
1989:
1967:
1948:
1945:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1903:
1896:Nuclides with
1891:
1890:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1665:neutron poison
1661:
1654:
1648:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1454:32–76 ka
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1107:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1003:
998:
996:
992:
989:
983:
982:
975:
970:
968:
964:
958:
952:
951:
948:
945:
937:
931:
925:
924:
921:
918:
910:
907:
901:
900:
897:
894:
886:
880:
874:
873:
868:
855:
844:
834:
828:
814:
813:
810:
809:
792:
783:
766:
744:
743:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
728:
724:
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
706:
702:
696:
695:
692:
689:
686:
680:
674:
673:
670:
667:
664:
658:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
633:
632:
626:
623:
620:
617:
611:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
592:
591:
589:
580:
575:
566:
563:
562:
557:
550:
545:
533:
527:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
492:
474:
471:
461:
458:
445:
442:
435:
432:
398:
395:
393:
390:
367:
364:
351:
348:
323:
320:
294:
291:
276:Writing system
269:
268:
248:
233:
232:
226:+limited
197:
162:
159:
141:
138:
136:
133:
107:
104:
28:Wilmot Proviso
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2084:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1942:Weapons-grade
1935:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1676:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1587:
1585:
1584:15–24 Ma
1582:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1478:
1473:
1457:
1453:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1435:24.1 ka
1434:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1378:
1374:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1326:
1324:
1312:
1311:
1293:
1290:
1278:
1272:
1254:
1251:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1058:
1055:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
980:
976:
971:
965:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
938:
932:
930:
927:
926:
922:
919:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
898:
895:
887:
881:
879:
876:
875:
872:
869:
866:
861:
860:
856:
848:
845:
842:
837:
833:
829:
827:
826:
823:
819:Medium-lived
806:
802:
796:
793:
787:
784:
780:
776:
770:
767:
763:
759:
755:
749:
746:
737:
734:
731:
725:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
709:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
687:
681:
679:
676:
675:
671:
668:
665:
659:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
627:
624:
621:
618:
616:
613:
612:
608:
605:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
590:
586:
581:
576:
572:
567:
565:
564:
561:
558:
556:
555:
551:
549:
546:
544:
532:
528:
525:
524:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
497:
495:
489:
488:
485:
482:
479:
472:
470:
469:
466:
459:
457:
456:
453:
450:
443:
441:
440:
433:
427:
419:
411:
407:
406:
403:
396:
391:
389:
388:
385:
377:
373:
372:
365:
363:
360:
359:
356:
349:
347:
346:
343:
340:
333:
328:
321:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:Xiang Chinese
308:
305:
302:
299:
292:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
279:Determinative
277:
252:
249:
238:
235:
234:
229:
222:
216:
212:
205:
201:
198:
178:
175:
174:
167:
160:
158:
157:
153:
152:
149:
146:
139:
134:
128:
120:
112:
105:
103:
102:
95:
91:
90:
87:
79:
75:
74:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
34:
30:
29:
26:
23:
16:
2059:
2046:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1992:
1984:
1971:
1961:
1950:
1940:
1926:
1912:Nuclides in
1906:
1905:Nuclides in
1898:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1781:
1767:
1741:
1723:
1611:
1530:1.33 Ma
1330:
1292:29–97 a
1253:10–29 a
1163:
1154:
1145:
1137:
1007:
978:
858:
831:
795:
786:
769:
748:
629:
553:
530:
476:
463:
447:
437:
400:
397:Arms control
382:
369:
361:
353:
342:Wallace Line
337:
322:Anthropology
296:
274:
250:
236:
199:
176:
154:
143:
99:
84:
71:
55:
50:
39:
20:
2069:quadrillion
1608:80 Ma
1176:<0.001%
1173:0.04–1.25%
1105:decay chain
371:Root system
366:Mathematics
314:Yue Chinese
213: (2S)+
2022:(2): 299.
1914:red frames
1193:4–6 a
777:and 35 of
460:Components
387:E8 lattice
358:Nice model
332:Weber Line
243:&Latin
186:&Latin
1981:radon-222
1677:Actinides
1663:þ,
1650:ƒ,
1333:half-life
1110:Half-life
1101:Actinides
350:Astronomy
293:East Asia
206: (L)
1977:polonium
1947:Isotopes
1026:0.00005
758:neutrino
526:Nuclide
345:Wallacea
260:Ethiopic
195:Armenian
192:Georgian
183:Cyrillic
177:Alphabet
135:Language
2024:Bibcode
1958:Tritium
1955:Isotope
1918:fissile
1652:fissile
1170:4.5–7%
1113:range (
1052:
1044:
1022:
962:
943:
935:
916:
892:
883:
764:if any.
684:
662:
538:⁄
392:Nuclear
257:S Indic
251:Abugida
2071:years.
1660:(NORM)
1049:0.5314
991:30.23
940:0.0008
913:0.2180
909:10.76
889:0.0803
760:, and
732:0.8410
710:1.2499
688:5.4575
666:6.9110
644:0.0447
622:0.1084
603:6.1385
455:UHTREX
263:Thaana
246:Hebrew
240:Arabic
221:Hangul
208:
1129:yield
994:6.337
966:4.505
885:4.76
847:Yield
726:16.14
641:0.327
625:4050
619:0.230
600:0.211
548:Yield
444:Types
317:Tuhua
237:Abjad
228:Hanja
215:Kanji
204:Hanzi
189:Greek
180:Latin
1985:days
1916:are
1907:bold
1042:88.8
1029:390
1020:43.9
1001:1176
973:2826
960:28.9
947:316
933:14.1
920:687
896:252
841:year
735:194
682:1.53
669:269
660:1.33
647:151
606:294
211:Kana
2032:doi
1927:in
1865:Th
1816:Pa
1620:Th
1599:Pu
1580:Cm
1564:Pd
1559:Zr
1545:Np
1536:Cs
1516:Se
1502:Pu
1495:Cm
1488:Sn
1483:Tc
1461:Np
1451:Pa
1446:Th
1432:Pu
1414:Cm
1409:Cm
1397:Am
1392:Cm
1387:Th
1382:Pu
1372:Bk
1367:Ra
1353:Cf
1346:Am
1322:Am
1317:Cf
1308:Sn
1303:Sm
1298:Cs
1288:Cm
1283:Pu
1269:Cd
1264:Kr
1259:Sr
1249:Ac
1244:Cf
1239:Pu
1234:Cm
1210:Bk
1201:Eu
1183:Ra
1166:+ 3
1157:+ 2
1148:+ 1
1127:by
1123:of
1103:by
1056:77
1032:βγ
923:βγ
899:βγ
865:keV
738:βγ
713:33
704:6.5
694:βγ
691:91
585:keV
578:(%)
230:(L)
217:(L)
2054:".
2030:.
2020:71
2018:.
1888:Th
1884:→
1880:Th
1876:←
1872:Th
1868:→
1839:Pa
1835:→
1831:Pa
1827:←
1823:Pa
1819:→
1807:↑
1778:→
1775:U
1772:↔
1764:↔
1761:U
1758:↔
1755:U
1752:↔
1749:U
1746:←
1732:↑
1724:Np
1632:U
1627:U
1592:I
1571:U
1471:U
1466:U
1276:U
1117:)
1059:β
1038:Sm
1016:Sn
987:Cs
956:Sr
950:β
929:Cd
905:Kr
878:Eu
871:βγ
867:)
854:)
843:)
801:Xe
779:Pu
756:,
716:β
700:Pd
678:Zr
672:β
656:Cs
650:β
637:Se
615:Sn
609:β
596:Tc
571:Ma
560:βγ
384:E8
254:N,
2038:.
2034::
2026::
2004:.
1858:↑
1849:↑
1802:↑
1797:↑
1792:↓
1782:U
1768:U
1742:U
1710:e
1703:t
1696:v
1164:n
1162:4
1155:n
1153:4
1146:n
1144:4
1138:n
1136:4
1125:U
1115:a
1089:e
1082:t
1075:v
1008:γ
1005:β
979:β
863:(
859:Q
852:%
850:(
839:(
835:½
832:t
807:.
781:.
775:U
762:γ
754:β
722:I
630:γ
628:β
587:)
583:(
573:)
569:(
554:Q
540:2
536:1
531:t
515:e
508:t
501:v
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