User:Nishidani/JS - Knowledge (XXG)

1619:, evidence if ever of the neutrality of the term: cf.‘I did not realize what it meant to be a refugee until I became one myself. When the Israeli army occupied Deir Ghassanah and the whole eastern part of Palestine in 1967, the news bulletins began to speak of the occupation of the Israeli defense forces of the West Bank. The pollution of language is no more obvious than when concocting this term: West Bank. West of what? Bank of what? The reference here is to the west bank of the River Jordan, not to historical Palestine. If the reference were to Palestine they would have used the term eastern parts of Palestine. The west bank of the river is a geographical location, not a country, not a homeland. The battle for language becomes the battle for the land. The destruction of one leads to the destruction of the other. When Palestine disappears as a word, it disappears as a state, as a country and as a homeland. The name of Palestine itself had to vanish. . .The Israeli leaders, practicing their conviction that the whole land of Palestine belongs to them would concretize the myth and give my country yet another biblical name: Judea and Samaria, and give our villages and towns and cities Hebrew names. But call it the West Bank or call its Judea and Samaria, the fact remains that these territories are occupied. No problem! The Israeli governments, whether right or left or a combination of both, would simply drop the term occupied and say the Territories! Brilliant! I am a Palestinian, but my homeland is the Territories! What is happening here? By a single word they redefine an entire nation and delete history.’ Mourid Barghouti, 'The Servants of War and their Language', in 77:

reliable secondary sources explicitly define the term as partisan, even in contemporary Hebrew and Israeli usage (e) that the evidence for usage overwhelmingly documents the prevalence of 'West Bank' (northern, southern) in neutral sources, whose neutrality is affirmed also by the very sources that otherwise employ the words 'Samaria and Judea' adduced by the former school, (f) that if explicitly attested partisan Israeli toponymy and administrative nomenclature is allowed on non-Israeli territory, then by WP:NPOV criteria, automatically this would mean the corresponding Palestinian toponymy and nomenclature, often covering the same areas, would have to be introduced (g)that in this whole debate, the West Bankers have not even represented the Palestinian side, which is absent, invisible, while the Israeli side is being treated as though its national naming were on terms of parity and neutrality with international usage (h) that wiki criteria,

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Bank, which is placed diminutively in parentheses. Willy-nilly, the impression is that the West Bank is some territorial hypothesis or province within Israel. Whether Ynhockey meant to give the reader this impression or not is immaterial. Maps, as one source already quoted noted, reflect the cognitive bias of the mapmaker as much as an interpretation of a landscape, and here the bias is that the West Bank is under Israel, behind Israeli lines, a subset of that state. It is a fine example of what many cartographers and historians of cartography argue: the making of maps, and toponymic nomenclature in them, serves several purposes, to clarify, as here, a battle landscape, for example, but also to impose or assert power, or claims, or blur facts. Objectively,

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also included all of Jerusalem within Israeli territory,. Mapmakers who were ideologically neutral generally referred to “occupied territory” and maintained the term “West Bank”. . . In the post-1993 period a Palestinian Authority has been established in the West Bank and Gaza, yet there is no actual independent state of Palestine. Most international maps have stayed with the terms “West Bank” and “Gaza” but maps published by the Palestinian Authority describe these areas as “Palestine.” Furthermore, Palestinian Authority maps usually leave out Israel and assign its territory to “Palestine,” with the added designation that it is “occupied territory.”Arthur Jay Klinghoffer, Harvey Sicherman,

402:, and Basque nationalists evoke its symbolic territory, comprising also the Basque area of Navarre in France. Euskadi has, on one level, within Spanish administrative discourse, a ‘territorial political objectification’, and on another level, in Basque nationalism, a ‘non-administratively objectified’ territory extending into a neighbouring country.. The analogy with Israeli and Palestinian nationalism is close. In Israeli discourse, Israel or Eretz Israel can denote Israel and its outriding West Bank, while Palestine, which is the favoured term of West Bank Arabs for the land they inhabit, also can refer to the whole neighbouring territory of Israel as well. 1043:'It has been tasked with providing a soothing, anesthetizing name for the entire project of suffocation, for the blanket system of theft we have imposed on those we occupy . . Thus extrajudicial executions have become “targeted assassinations”. Torture has been dubbed “moderate physical pressure”. Expulsion to Gaza has been renamed “assigning a place of residence”. The theft of privately owned land has become “declaring the land state-owned”. Collective punishment is “leveraging civilians”; and collective punishment by blockade is a “siege,” “closure” or “separation".' 1077:'Mapmaking is not, however, solely an instrument of war; it is an activity of supreme political significance – a means of providing a basis for the mapmaker’s claims and for his social and symbolic values, while cloaking them in a guise of “scientific objectivity.” Maps are generally judged in terms of their “accuracy”, that is, the degree to which they succeed in reflecting and depicting the morphological landscape and its “man-made” covering But maps portray a fictitious reality that differs from other sorts of printed matter only in form.' 751:‘The exclusive attachment to territory is reflected in the naming and renaming of places and locations in accordance with the historic and religious sites associated with the dominant political group. Not only did the outflow of Palestinian refugees bring about a change in the Jewish-Arab demographic rations, it brought about the replacement of an Arab-Palestinian landscape with a Jewish-Israeli landscape. The names of abandoned villages disappeared from the map and were replaced with alternative Hebrew names . . 327:‘what states try to do to those portions of the earth’s surface they hope to control, and to the people who live upon them. For it’s only by making territories and societies legible – by which he means measurable and hence manipulable – that governments can impose and maintain their authority. “These state simplifications,” he writes, are “like abridged maps.” They don’t replicate what’s actually there, but “when allied with state power, (they) enable much of the reality they (depict) to be remade.” 249:’s reach into the unknown, while, applied, to the ends of order and control, they inadvertently engender violent confusion and disarray. What is the ‘right line’ to take on nomenclature, when history’s line demarcating Israel and the West Bank was drawn by war, then the West Bank was occupied in the aftermath of war, and the world of Israeli settlers begins to redraw the map? One thing that happens is that the complexities have drawn editors into a minor war, as Pynchonesque as it is 1350:‘Maps are a kind of language, or social product which act as mediators between an inner mental world and an outer physical world. But they are, perhaps first and foremost, guides to the mind-set which produced them. They are, in this sense, less a representation of part of the earth’s surface than a representation of the system of cognitive mapping which produced them,’ N.Penn, “Mapping the Cape: John Barrow and the First British Occupation of the Colony, 1794-1803.” in 379:

provincials spoke the one, uniform language of the French state’s army. When two nations, or ethnie, occupy the same territory, the historical victor’s toponymic choices, dictated by the victor’s native language, and as articulated in bureaucratic documents and maps, usually determines what names are to be used. However, the presence of two distinct ethnie on the same national soil creates fissiparous tensions in nomenclature. Speaking of French and British conflict in

893:. It aimed to further the isolation of Palestinians on the West Bank by depriving them of close support, halt the rise to political respectability of the PLO, which embodied Palestinian nationalist aspirations, and deprive that body of its claims to be a political partner in the peace process for Israel’s normalization of its relations with the outside world. One calculation, a minority view entertained by both 1312:, University Of Hawaiʻi Press, 2007 p.169 gives many Papuan examples. Compare his remark elsewhere in the same book, ‘In indigenous cultures . .(t)he most important means of taking control of the landscape is by naming, Naming provides the equivalent of a title deed, imbues power and identity to that which is named, gives the named place a presence, confers a reality, and allows it to be known.’ Ibid pp. 40-41 276:) (Gen.1.5) There was only one name for each thing, and in later European thought the primordial language employed in this taxonomy was to be called ‘the Adamic vernacular’. The thesis was that the pristine jargon employed by Adam, being pre-Babelic, represented the true name for every object: every thing had a proper name intrinsic to its nature. The Greeks, as we see in Plato’s 1698:'Begin was happy to castigate the media and the intelligentsia for their views, real and imaginary, and their use of politically incorrect language. Israeli television was now instructed to use “Judea and Samaria’ for the administered territories, annexation became ‘incorporation’ and the Green Line suddenly disappeared from maps of Israel and the West Bank'. Colin Shindler, 618:‘With a clap of the hand they were wiping out an entire cultural heritage that must certainly conceal within it elements of the Israeli-Jewish heritage as well. The researchers did indeed endeavour to identify all those names that had a link to ancient Hebrew ones in an attempt “to redeem, as far as possible, names from the days of yore.” < 367:

fauna and flora , the landscape was consistently remade as it was renamed to familiarize the alien by rendering it recognizable, a variation on the landscape settlers came from. The new mapping, as often as not, represent as much the settler’s mentality, as the queerly new features of the foreign landscape under toponymic domestication.

1465:, op.cit.p.14. The Arabic names were also found ‘morose’ and ‘offensive’ . As one member put it: ‘Many of the names are offensive in their gloomy and morose meanings, which reflect the powerlessness of the nomads and their self-denigration in the face of the harshness of nature’ (ibid.p.17). On the committee see also his memoir, 810:, an extremist settler ground with a fundamentalist ideology, pressed settlement, and propagated the terminology ‘Judea and Samaria’. When the Likud party, the maximalist, expansionist party with strong ties to both religious and ultra-Zionist groups and traditions, was elected in 1977, it imposed Samaria and Judea as the 1024:', are required to obtain a document which requires that area to be referred to by the settler term, 'Judea and Samaria'. It is this form of Arabic which they are expected to use in negotiating their way with Israeli authorities through checkpoints. But West Bank Palestinians simply abbreviate it and refer to their 63:, then dropped for 'West Bank', which has remained to this day the default term of neutral usage internationally and in international law and diplomacy (c) that, after the Israeli conquest of the West Bank, in 1967, the terms 'Judea & Samaria' were pushed onto the political agenda by an extremist settler group, 1425:

tr. Maxine Kaufman-Lacusta, University of California Press, 2000 pp.12-13 cf.'Suffused with the sense that “it is impossible for a present-day Hebrew map not to identify by name the places of Hebrew settlement mentioned in the Bible and in post-biblical Hebrew literature,” they set about identifying

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The central colour, a washed acquamarine tint, allows one to highlight the field of movement in the battle, and blurs the neat territorial division between the West Bank, and Jordan. But note that, in a wholly unnecessary manner, Israel is stamped in large bold characters and made to overlay the West

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After 1967 ‘Cartographers . .had many options, which tended to reveal their political proclivities. Those who were sympathetic to Israel labelled the West Bank, Gaza, the Golan Heights, and Sinai as “administered territories” and used the phrase “Judea and Samaria” for Jordan’s former West Bank. They

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One pauses to reflect. We are being accused here of 'anti-Jewish/Israeli discrimination' for refusing to insert Israeli toponyms into the West Bank. Nothing is said of the logic of this POV-pushing, i.e. that a Palestinian reader might well regard a Wiki endorsement of suc h foreign nomenclature as a

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to appropriate foreign land and incorporate it into an empire, went side by side with nationalism, which was a form of internal colonization over, and homogenization of, the disparate cultures that made up an historically defined territory. For the natives, their indigenous naming is ‘essentially a

306:(1916), has opted, correctly, for the latter position, and disposed of the magical force of naming. But nationalism, another product of modernity, reintroduced it, via the backdoor, in a new sense. Naming was an act of assertive territorial control, of defining ethnic rights over land, especially as 29:

I get headaches and am as slow as a wet week, in dragging up diffs, and even have a geezer's trouble in following these arguments all over several pages, so I can't really make an adequate case. So I'll have to make my contribution in the next few days, according to the fashion I normally work after,

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A proposal is now being made to apply the principle of Hebraization, as of 2009, even to those places within Israel which the world designates by traditional toponyms, such as Jerusalem (Yerushalayim) Nazareth (Natzrat) and Jaffa (Yafo). According to Yossi Sarid, the process, illustrated further by

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has remarked how the Israeli authorities themselves try to engineer the way Palestinians think in Arabic by tampering with that language's natural idiom in the Arabic broadcasts they authorize. Over Israeli Arabic channels, one does not hear Jerusalem referred to, as it is customarily in Arabic, and

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in modern Hebrew on the mass media, expressly forbidding the use of the international term West Bank. Notably, the government's imposing of these terms on Israeli usage was seen as a prerequisite for an envisioned settlement policy, since accepting the terms would predispose the public to accepting

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in their own languages, or, later, actual Jews in their midst, as foreign bodies to be expelled, or expunged if a proper 'foundation for an authentically Jewish psyche' were to be successfully engineered. One would call this ironic, were it not so tragically melancholic in its unintended resonances.

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The record is therefore one of a linguistic cleansing of Palestine of any trace of its long Arabic history, and, as we shall see, an attempt to remodel Arabic usage in the territories Israel conquered and controls, to conform with Hebrew. Toponyms can only retain some semblance of an Arabic form, if

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was the western, non-Biblical part, whilst the part assigned to a future Palestinian state, what we now call the West Bank, is precisely the area most infused with Biblical associations cherished by the Jewish people, with sites and names redolent of the founding myths and realities of their ancient

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and his assistant Philip Elliott that “the natives can furnish you with names for every flat and almost every hill” (1828), native names were adopted in a standarized English form for both euphony and their characteristic relation to the landscape, and indeed a resolution was passed as early as 1884

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argues, ethnie are defined also by attachment to a specific geophysical reality, the ‘homeland’ that defines in good part their identity ). Since national identities are a political construct, the inculcation of a uniform language, and the use of its lexicon to define or redefine the landscape, are

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in 1982, whose key political objectives included ousting the refugee Palestinian resistance in the para-state on Israel’s northern flank from Lebanon, where the PLO projected a 'state in waiting' image that threatened Israel’s plans for long-term control over the West Bank. The war was, the head of

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duly established a Negev Names Committee to ‘hebraize’ the landscape’s features, its mountains, valleys and springs. The area already had a rich Arab toponymy, and some on the committee thought these terms might be preserved as a ‘democratic gesture towards the Arab population of the new state.’ It

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Since Zionism took root, and especially since Israel was founded, the making of a people, living in a defined territorial unit and speaking one language, has followed the universal pattern of modernity. The landscape, full of Arabic words, had to be renamed, often according to Biblical terminology,

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Terra incognita is the foreigner’s name for an ostensibly empty landscape which, had they taken the trouble to learn the local languages, would have revealed itself to be replete from every rocky nook to crannied gulley with ancient toponyms. The tendency was one of erasure, and, as with introduced

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The 'West Bank' school asserts that (a) these terms have an intrinsic denotative vagueness because they refer to different geophysical, administrative and political terrains depending on historical period, and that to use the terms of the territorially bounded and defined area known internationally

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The 'Judea and Samaria' school holds that (a) these are geographical and historical designations predating the West Bank (b) used in a variety of sources published in Israel and abroad to denote the territory, or parts of it, known as the West Bank (c) and that opposition to the employment of these

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ibid. p.134. This was then accompanied by a formal note to Begin (September 22,1978), it which it was registered that ‘(A) In each paragraph of the Agreed Framework Document the expressions “Palestinians” or “Palestinian People” are being and will be construed and understood by you as “Palestinian

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Israeli settlements throughout the West Bank have taken on biblical names associated with the specific sites as a means of expressing the Jewish priority in these places and the exclusive nature of the territorial attachment. Modern Israeli and Palestinian maps of Israel/Palestine possess the same

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who dwelt throughout the area were rounded up and expelled by force. They had terms for everything, but with their uprooting and displacement, Benvenisti notes, ‘an entire world, as portrayed in their toponomastic traditions, died.' Ben Gurion wrote to the committee setting forth his view that:-

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The dispute here in wiki, like the historical reality it refers to, has its ‘Bad History’. In the novel, the apparently empirical task of defining boundaries is found unwittingly implicated in the later travails of American history, with its exceptionalism, erasure of native peoples, of possible

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etc. require that neutral terminology, particularly as evidenced by the overwhelming majority of reliable sources, be employed. (i) If we are to allow Israeli terminology to be generally employed in denoting territory over which Israel exercises no sovereignty, but is simply, in law, an occupying

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This goes right through the bureaucratic language, a form of linguistic colonization that reinforces the physical occupation of the west Bank by cultural re-engineering. A new travel permit was imposed on the colonized Palestinians in the West Bank in 2002, and required of any of them wishing to

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Any Arabic toponym in short only interested the topographers in so far as it might provide a clue to reconstructing the hypothetical Hebraic original that might lie behind it. This consideration, however, often created a mess of concocted pseudo-traditional names. The hebraization of such Arabic

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Begin refused to back down from his ‘rock-hard’ intransigence on using ‘Judea and Samaria’ and at the Camp David signing ceremony, (March 26,1979) several interpretive notes were required to be added as annexes to the basic documents, one specifically dealing with the West Bank, which President

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dwelt. The Palestinians dwell where the ancient Jewish tribes once settled. The tensions simmer between the secular Israel, which thrives in its new Mediterranean world, and the religiously-identified Israel that aspires to return to a geophysical space where origins and the present, the sacred

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government in 1977, and imposed by government decree on the Israeli mass media, which suppressed the international term, West Bank (d) that, as documented, the terms 'Judea and Samaria' have a potent ideological charge as appropriative nomenclature, renaming Palestinian land presently occupied,

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Often imperialism and nationalism go hand in hand. Napoleon’s troops, in 1796, could hardly communicate with each other, such were the grammatical, semantic and syntactical rifts between the various provincial patois at the time. By 1814, Napoleon had formed a European empire, and millions of

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judgement 2004), over which Israel has no sovereignty, where Israel is establishing illegal settlements at least half of which on land with private Palestinian title, and with its own Arabic toponyms, and erasing the traditional native nomenclature by creating a neo-biblical toponomy (d) that

844:‘Begin consistently proved to be the most extreme member of his delegation, insisting on seemingly innocent terms such as “autonomy” as opposed to “self rule,” on the labelling of the West Bank as “Judea and Samaria” in the Hebrew text, and on the use of the phrase “undivided Jerusalem.' 421:. Acts of unilateral annexation, the extension of administrative structures, settlements, toponymic remapping, and widescale expropriation of land in Palestinian title, is not only not recognized, but judged ‘illegal’ by the highest international bodies of law. All major encyclopedias ( 879:

An ambitious programme of colonising settlement, toponomastic Hebraisation and cultural Judaization was undertaken, and indigenous Palestinians were shifted off their land, in a repetition of the Negev programme, which forms the precedent. The programme took wing especially after the

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indeed has spoken of Hebrew being mobilized to lend itself to the national emergency of occupying Palestine, and denying the Palestinians the liberty to be themselves. They are passive subjects of an activist language that wraps them about in bureaucratic euphemisms.

433:, maintain a strict neutrality, and, in recognition of the fraught difficulties, adopt the neutral toponymic convention of ‘(northern/southern) West Bank’ in order to avoid lending their prestige to the partisan politics of the parties in this regional conflict. 1247:

all believed that “the world and its objects were created by the word of God; and the Greek doctrine of logos postulated that the soul or essence of things resided in their names (pp.182-3). My attention was drawn to this particular essay by Tambiah by

824:‘The importance of changing names in the process of conquering territory is well known. Assimilation of the name “Judea and Samaria” in normal and official language, as well as in jargon, attests to G(ush)E(numin)’s political and cultural achievements.' 200:, the narrator Cherrycoke recounts, against the huge backdrop of seismic shifts in the political and scientific world of that time, the story of the eponymous figures who have undertaken to draw a scientific map of the wilderness and terrain between 52:

and myself have conducted a campaign to denigrate or deprecate Jewish terms in the I/P area, a kind of ethnic cleansing of nomenclature, in a way that lends substance to fears our position is motivated by, well let's call a spade a spade,

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For a fascinating study on both the figure of Adam in Islamic tradition, and on commentaries on this particular text specifically, see M.J.Kister, ‘Ādam: A Study of Some Legends in Tafsīr and Hadīt Literature,’ in Joel L. Kraemer (ed.)

856:‘for what must have been the tenth time, he (Begin) objected to the term West Bank, giving a lesson to the president on the geographic and historical appropriateness of the term and the importance of using the words Judea and Samaria.’ 144:‘And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them; and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. 20. 756:.. The means by which new landscapes are created to replace or obliterate former landscapes is a good example of the way in which metaphysical and symbolic attachment to territory is translated into concrete realities on the ground.’ 353:

Daphne Kutzner, in her analysis of the role of Empire in classic children’s fiction, looks at the question from the perspective of the intrusive Empire and its refraction of imperial renaming as reflected in popular books, notes that

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when I did work, in the real world. Reflecting from principles, through to the problem, the evidence and conclusions. Apologies to anyone reading this. It's written to help myself get some order into this chat, not to guide others.

920:' in the old sense, but Israeli English usage has here prevailed in the politics of the culture wars to determine how the international community perceives the dynamics of that area. The corresponding Hebrew usage is complex (see 789:

In 1967, Israel conquered what the world knew as ‘The West Bank’, the Biblical heartland, and a decree calling it ‘Judea and Samaria’ was issued by the Israeli military on December 17 that year with the explicit definition that

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Political pressure and ‘the influence of patriotic arguments’ prevailed over those who, like S.Yeibin, thought the erasure of Arab names, many of which might preserve an archaic Hebrew origin. Yeibin thought this a disaster:-

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toponyms did not restore the historic past, but invented a mythical landscape, resonant with traditionalist associations, that had, however, no roots in Jewish tradition. The most striking geologic formation in the Negev,

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Wa’-yitser’ Yĕhôwāh’ (Adonai) ĕlôhīm’ min-hā'ădāmāh’ kol-‘ha’yath’ ha’-sādeh’ wĕ'ēth kol-ôph ha’-shāma’yim wa’-yāvē ‘ el-hā'ādām’ li-r'ôth mah-yiqrā-lô’ wĕ-kôl ăsher yiqrā-lô’ hā'-ādām‘ ne’pfesh ‘ha’yāh’ hû shĕmô. (20)

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The idea of a nation as a territorial unit speaking one language over that territory is a parlously modern ideology, one engineered by nation-builders into a plausible if specious semblance of commonsense. As

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Nothing will produce Bad History more directly nor brutally, than drawing a Line, in particular a Right Line, the very Shape of Contempt, through the midst of a People,- to create thus a Distinction betwixt’em

689:‘will not digest the new names of plants, especially those which have been taken from the Arabic language’ and that these borrowed names ‘will always be like atrophied limbs’ for ‘despite the fact that the 1118:

has loaded wiki with a map that cogs our perceptions, tilting them to an annexationist assumption. Indeed, unlike the Israeli government so far, his map actually looks like it has the West Bank annexed.

280:, were much prepossessed by the philosophical crux of the correctness of names (ὀρθότης τῶν ὀνομάτων): did names have an intrinsic relation to, or represent, things, or was the link arbitrary.. The 1817:, University of California Press, 2003 p.180. Decoded, the statement means, 'invading Lebanon secures the West Bank for Israel and thus achieves the Biblical borders set forth more or less in the 673:

that form is suspected to camouflage, in turn, an original Hebraic name. Adapting the reborn Hebrew language to the alien realities of the Palestinian landscape, the obvious problem was that the

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cartographer Brochu, invoked the political dimension of place names as important, in the conflict with the majoritarian English heritage of Canada over the naming of the northern Inuit lands.

733:). In expunging the landscape and the human world of Palestine of its Arabic language, of landscape and culture, Zionism likewise treated Arabic as German or French linguistic purists treated 650:’By assigning Hebrew names anew to places on the map, the committee was therefore ‘redeeming’ these places from the corrupt and ‘alien’ Arabic names that they have acquired over the centuries’ 38:

parts of Israel, and those who oppose the usage, except on those specific pages devoted to (i) Samaria (ii) Judea (iii) the administrative territory known in Israel as 'Judea & Samaria'.

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Changing the realities of occupied territory by the manipulation of language, Hebrew, Arabic, and in controllable sources like the global Knowledge (XXG), became a programmatic goal. The

360:‘Naming a place gives the namer power over it, or at least the illusion of power and control. Colonial powers literally transform a landscape once they rename it and begin reshaping it.’ 666:‘The cartographic cleansing of the Negev map of Arabic place names and their replacement by Hebrew names is an enactment of the ethnic cleansing of the Palestinians from their homeland’ 531:, and the dispossession of its indigenous peoples, who were not part of the chosen: the pattern is repeated in modern times, down to the renaming. The revival of Hebrew, with its potent 218:, eight yards wide and due west, in order to separate two Proprietorships, granted when the World was yet feudal and but eight years later to be nullified by the War for Independence.” 745:

The relationship between demographic displacement and the loss of one's landscape through the erasure of its traditional placenames in Palestine has been remarked on by Paul Diehl.

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Arabs”. (B)In each paragraph in which the expression “West Bank” appears, it is being, and will be, understood by the Government of Israel as Judea and Samaria.’ William B. Quandt,

109:'According to the aboriginal theory, the ancestor first called out his own name; and this gave rise to the most sacred and secret couplet or couplets of his song. The he 'named' ( 470:' itself, were given non-Hebrew names, they protested at the designations as evidence of discrimination against Jews. The point is made by the Israeli historian and cartographer 677:

for much of the flora and fauna, not to speak of the landscape itself, was infused with the very language, Arabic, a revarnished Hebrew had to compete with. As early as 1910

484:(the only body authorized to assign names throughout the British Empire, decided to call the Mandatory geopolitical entity “Palestine” and the city whose biblical name was 245:

paths never taken. American innocence and pragmatic realism, in the innocuous work of two surveyors, is swept up in the torment of power: cartographic principles embody an

1711:'The successful gaining of the popular acceptance of these terms was a prelude to gaining popular acceptance of the government’s settlement policies'.Myron J. Aronoff, 1103:(CIA Factbook) as just a political reality, and use Judea and Samaria for all other contexts. In his own work on Wiki, much of it admirable, we find many maps. Examine 290:(zhèngmíng: 正名). In the Bible itself the Hebrew text is full of the magic of words, of the power of words themselves to alter reality, a belief testified to in Isaiah: 113:) the place where he had originated, the trees or rocks growing near his home, the animals sporting about nearby, any strangers that came to visit him, and so forth. 370:

Australia is somewhat the extraordinary exception, and broke with the gusto for imperial nomenclature. There, following the pattern set by the earlier land surveyor

260:, God assigned to the mythical forefather of all, ‘man’ or Adam, the faculty to name the world, though God himself had exercised this right in naming the light ( 519:

and others in surveying that part of the Middle East had to be cancelled, and replaced with Israeli/Hebrew terms, to remake the landscape and its topographic

543: 253:. There is one difference: most the cartographers say one thing, and Israel, the controlling power, asserts a different terminology. So what’s in a name? 115:

He gave names to all of these, and thereby gained the power of calling them by their names; this enabled him to control them and to bind them to his will

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nomenclature of the Bible and the modern world of Jewish life, might at least, once more overlap, in an ‘Adamic’ harmony congruent with the kingdoms of

782:). Though only Britain recognized his annexation, the word itself found ready acceptance in, and was not, 'forced on', the international community, as 383:

over areas, Susan Drummond, remarks that, 'Symbolic appropriation of a territory is a critical index of control’, and notes that, as late as 1962, the

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on the effects of cultural purism, once remarked on the purging of foreign words from German undertaken by nationalists intent restoring an ideal of

1507:‘The name of the Ramon Crater, for example, perhaps the most dramatic geological formation in the Negev, “is derived from the Hebrew adjective 968:

are not colonizing anybody's land, in this usage: they are simply taking up their 'assigned portions' as those were marked out by God to the

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An editorial split between those in favour of using 'Judea & Samaria' to designate (a) parts of, or (b) all, or (c) all of the West Bank

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on everything regarding the assignment of Hebrew names, fought hard for the restoration of Hebraic toponymy, and when, with such places as

1615:, Warner Books, (1993) 2000 p.20. Netanyahu's dislike of the term (and his faulty memory for dates), is mirrored by the Palestinian poet, 311:

crucial instruments in forging a national sense of common tradition. Nationalism demanded toponymic unison, and linguistic conformity.

1068:‘Mapmaking was one of the specialized intellectual weapons by which power could be gained, administered, given legitimacy and codified’ 1611:'The term West Bank was forced onto the international lexicon only after Jordan conquered the territory in 1948'. Binyamin Netanyahu, 342:, ‘we have made Italy: our task now is to make Italians’, 95% of whom could neither read, write and nor often even speak ‘Italian’. 296:'So shall my word be that goeth forth out of my mouth: it shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please.' 729:. He saw this as part of the pathology of nationalism in Germany. Foreign words were treated as if they were 'the Jews of language' ( 511:

but, more often, by the invention of Biblical-sounding names. To do this, a good part of the 10,000 odd Arabic toponyms collected by

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International Law and the Administration of Occupied Territories: Two Decades of Israeli Occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip

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Reflecting on Benvenisti’s account in his larger study of language conflict in the Middle east, the Palestinian expatriate scholar

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negotiations of and the final agreement, in 1979, only underline how great was the linguistic rift between Israeli Prime Minister

94:

belligerent, a very dangerous precedent, with widespread consequences for articles where ethnic conflicts exist, would be created.

767: 418: 417:

in a conflict that gave it control over a contiguous land, but has no recognized legal right, since that land is defined as and ‘

909:, and establish a Palestinian state there to satisfy Palestinian national ambitions that Israel would thwart on the West Bank. 214:‘what we were doing out in that Country together was brave, scientifick beyond my understanding and ultimately meaningless, - 1137: 873:‘I have been informed that the expression ‘West Bank’ is understood by the Government of Israel to mean ‘Judea and Samaria’. 682: 413:, may claim, except for such places as ‘Palestine’. For there, while Israel is a constituted state, it emerged the victor, 44:

words in wiki constitutes an 'ethnic-based discrimination' against both Israeli and Jewish people.(d) specifically, that

459: 771: 553: 405:

The anomaly, in comparative terms, is that history has settled the question, whatever local separatist nationalisms,

230:‘To rule forever, . .it is necessary only to create, among the people one would rule, what we call . . Bad History. 802:) in use since the immediate aftermath of the June war. The term 'Judea and Samaria' however was rarely used until 481: 422: 371: 454:

notes that, 'naming also became part of the contest for asserting control over Palestine'.. As early as 1920 two

726: 1552:,, The Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia 1930, Meridian Book reprint 1962. Shalom Spiegel was 1482: 1232: 656:

and likens this process of linguistic erasure of Arabic and the reconstitution of Hebrew metaphorically to the

1236: 1978:

The History of Cartography: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean

1914: 286: 770:, unilaterally annexed the territory he had conquered in 1948, he changed the name of his country to the 335: 1008:

travel in that area. This was issued, printed and released by Israeli authorities who call it in Arabic

886: 398:. But the original force of that name covers an area beyond the administrative and territorial units of 1426:

these sites and putting them on “Hebrew maps,” which they placed opposite the official Mandatory maps.’

59:

as the West Bank creates cognitive dissonance (b) that these terms, as documented, were used under the

1724:

Gideon Aran, 'Jewish Zionist Fundamentalism: The Block of the Faithful in Israel (Gush Enumin),', in

1367:

Québec, Université Laval, 16-22 August 1987, Presses Université Laval, 1987 : pp.151-162 p.154-5

763: 246: 1052:

Knesset proposals to eliminate Arabic as one of Israel's official languages, constitutes a form of

698: 60: 850:

A huge amount of wrangling between the American negotiators and Begin revolved around this term.

981: 953: 921: 831: 783: 303: 82: 1000:('Jerusalem Al-Quds'). The purpose is to diffuse a variety of Arabic names for places that are 1753: 1281: 1108: 710: 694: 314: 1685:, 'The Riddle of Nationalism: The Dialectic of Religion and Nationalism in the Middle East', 234:. –’tis the first stroke.-All else will follow as if predestin’d, into War and Devastation.’ 90: 78: 1616: 1466: 1418: 1334: 1265: 881: 557: 471: 307: 45: 1648:, 'Influence of the Middle East Peace Process on the Hebrew Language' (1992), reprinted in 256:

Before the world was tribalized and invested by the collateral damage or fall-out from the

1153: 937: 690: 539: 447: 346: 86: 1881: 1578: 1532: 1511:(meaning elevated), “states an Israeli guidebook. The fact that its name in Arabic was 1208: 1192: 975: 957: 949: 890: 835: 718: 641: 516: 443: 257: 193: 17: 1742:

Defending the Holy Land: a critical analysis of Israel's security & foreign policy

633:('elevated'), whereas the Arabic term it was calqued from actually meant 'Pomegranate 503:'searing defeat', and adduce it as proof of 'anti-Palestinian discrimination' both by 1910: 1649: 1436: 1402: 1249: 1216: 1115: 1096: 1031: 969: 925: 678: 528: 451: 964:

to help the other tribes take possession of their assigned portions' Settlers, qua,

1961: 1945: 1665: 1129: 961: 917: 906: 898: 894: 864: 674: 339: 318: 281: 250: 242: 201: 49: 480:'When the Geographical Committee for Names, which operated under the aegis of the 1407:

Imagining Zion: Dreams, Designs, and Realities in a Century of Jewish Settlement,

901:, however, was that, expelled from Lebanon, the PLO would be forced to return to 535:, understandably exercises a powerful hold over the new culture of the country. 390:

Again, in another familiar example, Alfonso Pérez-Agote notes that Spain has its

1930: 1682: 1645: 1553: 992:('The Noble Holy Place'). Arabic usage as sanctioned by Israel speaks rather of 807: 714: 548: 410: 64: 1681:'The terms “occupied territory” or “West Bank” were forbidden in news reports.' 1483:

Amar Dahamshe Off the linguistic map. Are Arab place names derived from Hebrew?

181: 1471:

Son of the Cypresses: Memories, Reflections, and Regrets from a Political Life

575: 566:

With the foundation of Israel, and in the aftermath of the 1948 war, the vast

532: 406: 1087:

The power of projections: : how maps reflect global politics and history

1962:'Israel is not killing the Palestinian people - it's killing their culture,' 1737: 1519:(Pomegranate Arroyo), . . was not considered worthy of mention’ Benvenisti, 1323:

Empire's Children:Empire and Imperialism in Classic British Children's Books

1244: 1053: 1021: 806:

took power. The Labour Government never enacted a settlement policy, though

778:, or 'the West Bank' of that kingdom. The usage is still current in German ( 722: 520: 467: 100:

Note on language, naming as an appropriative act of possession and dominion.

1104: 754:

outer borders, but the semantic content of the name is completely different

384: 1758:

Peace process: American diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1967

838:'s position and the American government intent on brokering an agreement. 705:

Hebrew was thus to be programmatically sealed off from Arabic, to prevent

1473:, tr. Maxine Kaufman-Lacusta, University of California Press, 2007 p.72. 1028:(Checkpoint permit), , thereby eluding the settler term imposed on them. 792:

it would be identical in meaning for all purposes to the West Bank region

734: 277: 205: 1310:

Imagining the Other: The Representation of the Papua New Guinean Subject

542:

pointed out in the mid-sixties, that the part assigned to Israel by the

1964: 1918: 1886:

Palestinian Identity: The construction of modern national consciousness

1856: 1486: 1240: 987: 706: 580: 504: 493: 485: 455: 426: 395: 375:

which established the priority of native names in international usage.

1713:

Israeli Visions and Divisions: Cultural Change and Political Conflict,

1818: 1228: 1016:('Special Travel Permit for the Internal Checkpioints in the Area of 1001: 945: 902: 634: 571: 547:

forefathers. Israelis, in their secular land, mostly dwell where the

463: 391: 380: 1020:.'). Here, Palestinians who must travel in the West Bank, for them ' 1239:

lecture, "The Magical Power of Words," (the ancient Egyptians, the

597:

we do not recognize the Arabs’ political proprietorship of the land

350:

process of asserting ownership and control of place and landscape’

216:

we were putting a line straight through the heart of the Wilderness

1789:

Crucible of Power: A History of U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1897,

803: 657: 567: 399: 68: 1670:

Trapped Fools: Thirty Years of Israeli Policy in the Territories,

1423:

Sacred Landscape:The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948,

1899:

The Politics of the Palestinian Authority: From Oslo to Al-Aqsa

1870:

Does David still play before you? Israeli poetry and the Bible

73: 1948:

Give Arab train stations Hebrew names, says Israeli linguist,

1365:

Actes du XVI Congrès international des sciences onomastiques,

523:

resonate with historical depth. Hebrew is a ‘sacred tongue’ (

450:, and established themselves there to administer the region, 1728:, University of Chicago Press, 1994 pp.265-344, p.291, p.337 1010:

Tasrih tanaqul khas fi al-hawajiz al-dakhiliyya fi mantaqat

774:, which incorporated the remaining fragment of Palestine as 1815:

Frontiers and ghettos: state violence in Serbia and Israel

1339:

Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe

1298:

Abbiamo fatto l'Italia. Ora si tratta di fare gli Italiani

629:

was rewritten as if that word disguised an ancient Hebrew

1156:, ch.2, verses 19-20, with apologies for my transcription 442:

When the British wrested control over Palestine from the

1537:

A War of Words: Language and Conflict in the Middle East

1095:

We are dealing with a defined territory and its naming.

1613:

A Durable Peace: Israel and Its Place Among the Nations

1107:

he authored and uploaded, and which is employed on the

1760:, Brookings Institution Press, 2001, rev.ed.2001 p.130 1583:

Minima moralia: Reflexionen aus dem beschädigten Leben

1142:

Broken Song: T.G.H.Strehlow and Aboriginal Possession,

224:

Late in the novel, the Chinaman of the piece remarks:

2009:

No Dig, No Fly, No Go. How maps restrict and control,

1286:

The Landscape of History: How Historians Map the Past

794:

to replace the interim terms 'Occupied Territories' (

1254:

Occult and scientific mentalities in the Renaissance

438:

The specific instance of Palestine and the West Bank

338:

is said to have remarked at the dawn of the Italian

1845:

Israel's National Security Towards the 21st Century

1830:Eric J. Schmertz, Natalie Datlof, Alexej Ugrinsky, 1136:Angus & Robertson, Sydney 1971 p.126; cited by 952:, particularly as ' in the pledge by the tribes of 601:we do not recognize their spiritual proprietorship 527::לשון הקודש), the Bible describes the conquest of 321:roads and maps, remarks on maps that they reflect 924:), but continuity with the biblical setlement of 889:said at the time, ‘part of the struggle over the 1539:, Cambridge University Press, 2004 p.161, p.162. 1602:, Vanderbilt University Press, 1999, pp.15-16. 1363:John Atchison, ‘Naming Outback Australia,’ in 1099:would make tidy distinctions, define the bound 1980:, Humana Press, 1987 p.506, cited Benvenisti, 1623:, Seven Stories Press, 2003 pp.139-147 pp140-1 721:, writing in the melancholic aftermath of the 591:We are obliged to remove the Arabic names for 1656:, Walter de Gruyter, 1997, pp.385-414, p.397. 1621:International parliament of Writers, Autodafe 960:that they will fight on the west side of the 928:is evoked by referring to Jewish settlers as 867:annotated with his own hand with the words: 488:, “Nablus” these Jewish advisers saw this as 72:annexed or expropriated illegally by Israel ( 8: 1791:Rowman & Littlefield, 2nd.ed. 2001 p.469 1341:, 900-1900, Cambridge University Press, 1986 1802:Sanctuary and Survival: The PLO in Lebanon 1744:, University of Michigan Press, 2006 p.441 1689:, Vol.1, No.3, Summer 2002 pp.18-44, p. 39 1556:'s more distinguished and erudite brother. 1380:, McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP, 1997 p.32 . 1089:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006 pp.37-8 1004:on the Hebrew terms chosen for the area.. 1872:, Wayne State University Press, 1997 p.50 1288:, Oxford University Press US, 2004, p.131 1834:, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997 p.44. 1778:Brookings Institution Press, 1986 p.387 1702:, Cambridge University Press, 2008 p.174 693:is our sister language in the family of 317:, glossing James Scott’s recent book on 1636:, Oxford University Press, 1992 p. 41. 1391:The Social Roots of Basque Nationalism, 1256:, Cambridge University Press, 1984 p.96 1231:5:11. For this and other passages, see 1122: 818:Gideon Aran describes the achievement: 798:), and ‘the Administered Territories’ ( 1888:, Columbia University Press, 1998 p.14 1183:, Jonathan Cape, London 1997, pp.8,615 731:Fremdwörter sind die Juden der Sprache 1776:Camp David: peacemaking and politics, 1726:American Academy of Arts and Sciences 1393:University of Nevada Press, 2006 p.xx 507:editors, and Knowledge (XXG) itself. 178:He taught Adam the names, all of them 7: 1976:John Brian Harley, David Woodward, 1715:Transaction Publishers, 1991. p. 10. 1168:Israel Oriental Studies, Volume XIII 490:an act of anti-Jewish discrimination 1804:, Westview Press, Boulder, 1990 p.2 1654:Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning 1272:Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1986 passim 1199:, Oxford University Press 1975 p.58 1061:Analysis of Ynhockey's suggestions 162:Wa-‘allama ādama l-asmā’a kullahā, 24: 1821:'s account of the early kingdoms' 1409:Yale University Press, 2003 p.152 1213:The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, 936:directly evokes a passage in the 743:The West Bank. History and Naming 2011:University of Chicago Press 2010 1585:(1951), in Rolf Tiedemann (ed.) 1354:4 (2) Summer 1993, pp.20-43 p.23 768:Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan 1170:, BRILL, 1993 pp.112-174, p.140 128:Wa’- yiqrā’ hā'-ādām‘ shēmôth… 1832:President Reagan and the world 1219:, Yale UP 1955 pp.119ff.,p.122 697:, it has no foundation in our 419:Occupied Palestinian Territory 1: 1935:Counterpunch 17-19, July 2009 1589:, Bd.4, Suhrkamp, 1980 p.123 1270:The Ethnic Origin of Nations, 985:('The House of Sanctity') or 1498:Benvenisti, ibid. p.17, p.18 1443:, Jonathan Cape, London 1987 713:by means of a fake Biblical 345:Imperialism, venturing into 302:Modernity, especially after 27:Personal work section notes. 1134:Songs of Central Australia, 772:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 579:was not to be. The nomadic 492:, and a searing defeat for 460:British Mandatory authority 2026: 1700:A History of Modern Israel 1378:Incorporating the Familiar 482:Royal Geographical Society 1915:Occupation double-speak,' 284:school’s doctrine of the 1325:, Routledge, 2000 p.120 1901:, Routledge, 2005 p.299 1847:, Routledge, 2001 p.185 800:ha-shetahim ha-muhzakim 796:ha-shetahim ha-kevushim 564:(iv)The Negev Precedent 544:UN deliberation of 1947 423:Encyclopædia Britannica 241:alternative worlds, of 1672:Routledge, 2003 p. 162 1452:Benvenisti, ibid, p.19 1101:geographical territory 1091: 1079: 1070: 1045: 875: 858: 846: 826: 758: 703: 685:, stated that Hebrew: 668: 652: 620: 607: 498: 362: 329: 298: 287:Rectification of names 236: 220: 186: 165: 150: 133: 119: 67:, then adopted by the 1389:Alfonso Pérez-Agote, 1082: 1075: 1066: 1041: 871: 854: 842: 822: 749: 727:cultural authenticity 687: 664: 648: 616: 588: 478: 358: 325: 294: 228: 212: 174: 159: 142: 122: 107: 1897:Nigel Craig Parsons, 1843:See Uri Bar-Joseph, 1598:Paul Francis Diehl, 1587:Gesammelte Schriften 1376:Susan Gay Drummond, 1144:Knopf, 2002 pp.436f. 979:by Palestinians, as 942:assigned its portion 940:where each tribe is 644:makes remarks that, 268:) and the darkness ( 1933:Israeli Road Signs, 1868:David C. Jacobson, 1548:cf.Shalom Spiegel, 1012:yahuda wa al-samara 922:Israeli settlements 882:invasion of Lebanon 574:were captured, and 538:The problem is, as 394:Autonomous region, 146:And Adam gave names 2003:Further reading:- 1950:Haaretz 28/12/2009 1769:William B.Quandt, 1321:M. Daphne Kutzer, 996:('Jerusalem') or 832:Camp David Accords 784:Binyamin Netanyahu 776:aḍ-Ḍiffä l-Ġarbīyä 681:, a member of the 304:Ferdinand Saussure 1995:Sacred Landscape, 1921:, 12 June 2012. 1754:William B. Quandt 1600:A Road Map to War 1403:Selwyn Ilan Troen 1282:John Lewis Gaddis 1181:Mason & Dixon 1109:Battle of Karameh 1105:the following map 1018:Judea and Samaria 695:Semitic languages 513:Herbert Kitchener 336:Massimo d’Azeglio 198:Mason & Dixon 2017: 2007:Mark Monmonier, 1998: 1991: 1985: 1982:Sacred Landscape 1974: 1968: 1958: 1952: 1943: 1937: 1928: 1922: 1908: 1902: 1895: 1889: 1879: 1873: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1841: 1835: 1828: 1822: 1811: 1805: 1798: 1792: 1785: 1779: 1767: 1761: 1751: 1745: 1735: 1729: 1722: 1716: 1709: 1703: 1696: 1690: 1679: 1673: 1663: 1657: 1650:Michael G. Clyne 1643: 1637: 1630: 1624: 1617:Mourid Barghouti 1609: 1603: 1596: 1590: 1576: 1570: 1565:Yasir Suleiman, 1563: 1557: 1546: 1540: 1530: 1524: 1521:Sacred Landscape 1505: 1499: 1496: 1490: 1480: 1474: 1467:Meron Benvenisti 1463:Sacred Landscape 1459: 1453: 1450: 1444: 1433: 1427: 1419:Meron Benvenisti 1416: 1410: 1400: 1394: 1387: 1381: 1374: 1368: 1361: 1355: 1348: 1342: 1335:Alfred W. Crosby 1332: 1326: 1319: 1313: 1306: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1279: 1273: 1266:Anthony D. Smith 1263: 1257: 1226: 1220: 1206: 1200: 1190: 1184: 1179:Thomas Pynchon, 1177: 1171: 1163: 1157: 1151: 1145: 1127: 998:Urshalim/al-Quds 709:, and cultivate 683:Language Council 637:', for example. 593:reasons of state 570:and part of the 472:Meron Benvenisti 2025: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2016: 2015: 2014: 2001: 1992: 1988: 1975: 1971: 1959: 1955: 1944: 1940: 1931:Jonathan Cook, 1929: 1925: 1909: 1905: 1896: 1892: 1880: 1876: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1851: 1842: 1838: 1829: 1825: 1812: 1808: 1799: 1795: 1786: 1782: 1768: 1764: 1752: 1748: 1736: 1732: 1723: 1719: 1710: 1706: 1697: 1693: 1680: 1676: 1664: 1660: 1644: 1640: 1632:Emma Playfair, 1631: 1627: 1610: 1606: 1597: 1593: 1577: 1573: 1564: 1560: 1547: 1543: 1531: 1527: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1493: 1481: 1477: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1434: 1430: 1417: 1413: 1401: 1397: 1388: 1384: 1375: 1371: 1362: 1358: 1349: 1345: 1333: 1329: 1320: 1316: 1307: 1303: 1296: 1292: 1280: 1276: 1264: 1260: 1227: 1223: 1207: 1203: 1191: 1187: 1178: 1174: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1148: 1128: 1124: 938:Book of Numbers 691:Arabic language 603:and their names 540:Steven Runciman 525:Leshon HaQodesh 448:First World War 372:Thomas Mitchell 347:terra incognita 61:British Mandate 22: 21: 20: 12: 11: 5: 2023: 2021: 2013: 2012: 2000: 1999: 1986: 1969: 1953: 1938: 1923: 1903: 1890: 1882:Rashid Khalidi 1874: 1861: 1849: 1836: 1823: 1806: 1793: 1787:Howard Jones, 1780: 1771:Peace process, 1762: 1746: 1730: 1717: 1704: 1691: 1683:Ian S. Lustick 1674: 1658: 1638: 1625: 1604: 1591: 1579:Theodor Adorno 1571: 1567:A War of Words 1558: 1541: 1533:Yasir Suleiman 1525: 1500: 1491: 1475: 1454: 1445: 1428: 1411: 1395: 1382: 1369: 1356: 1343: 1327: 1314: 1308:Regis Stella, 1301: 1290: 1274: 1258: 1221: 1209:Ernst Cassirer 1201: 1193:George Steiner 1185: 1172: 1158: 1146: 1130:T.G.H.Strehlow 1121: 1093: 1092: 1080: 1072: 1071: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1046: 1026:tasrih dakhili 982:Bayt al-Maqdis 976:Rashid Khalidi 950:Land of Israel 916:were in fact ' 891:Land of Israel 877: 876: 860: 859: 848: 847: 836:Menachem Begin 828: 827: 780:Westjordanland 762:In 1950, when 760: 759: 719:Theodor Adorno 715:antiquarianism 670: 669: 654: 653: 642:Yasir Suleiman 622: 621: 609: 608: 517:T. E. Lawrence 500: 499: 364: 363: 331: 330: 300: 299: 258:Tower of Babel 238: 237: 222: 221: 194:Thomas Pynchon 190: 189: 188: 187: 169: 168: 167: 166: 154: 153: 152: 151: 137: 136: 135: 134: 120: 96: 95: 55: 54: 53:anti-semitism. 40: 39: 23: 18:User:Nishidani 15: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2022: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2004: 1996: 1990: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1970: 1967:3 Octobr 2014 1966: 1963: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1911:Michael Sfard 1907: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1850: 1846: 1840: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1797: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1695: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1629: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1550:Hebrew Reborn 1545: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1455: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1441:The Songlines 1438: 1437:Bruce Chatwin 1432: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1373: 1370: 1366: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1328: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1250:Brian Vickers 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1217:Ralph Manheim 1214: 1210: 1205: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1186: 1182: 1176: 1173: 1169: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1116:User:Ynhockey 1111: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1097:User:Ynhockey 1090: 1088: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1037: 1036: 1033: 1032:Michael Sfard 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 989: 984: 983: 977: 973: 971: 970:Chosen People 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 926:Eretz Yisrael 923: 919: 915: 910: 908: 904: 900: 899:Raphael Eytan 896: 892: 888: 883: 874: 870: 869: 868: 866: 857: 853: 852: 851: 845: 841: 840: 839: 837: 833: 825: 821: 820: 819: 816: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 764:King Abdullah 757: 755: 748: 747: 746: 744: 739: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 707:atrophisation 702: 700: 696: 692: 686: 684: 680: 679:Jacob Fichman 676: 667: 663: 662: 661: 659: 651: 647: 646: 645: 643: 638: 636: 632: 628: 619: 615: 614: 613: 606: 604: 602: 598: 594: 587: 586: 585: 582: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 559: 555: 550: 545: 541: 536: 534: 530: 529:Eretz Yisrael 526: 522: 518: 514: 508: 506: 497: 495: 491: 487: 483: 477: 476: 475: 473: 469: 466:, or indeed ' 465: 461: 458:advising the 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 439: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 415:manu militari 412: 408: 403: 401: 397: 393: 388: 386: 382: 376: 373: 368: 361: 357: 356: 355: 351: 348: 343: 341: 337: 328: 324: 323: 322: 320: 316: 312: 309: 308:Anthony Smith 305: 297: 293: 292: 291: 289: 288: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 254: 252: 248: 247:Enlightenment 244: 235: 233: 227: 226: 225: 219: 217: 211: 210: 209: 207: 203: 199: 195: 185: 183: 179: 173: 172: 171: 170: 164: 163: 158: 157: 156: 155: 149: 147: 141: 140: 139: 138: 132: 131: 129: 121: 118: 116: 112: 106: 105: 104: 103: 102: 101: 92: 88: 84: 80: 75: 70: 66: 62: 57: 56: 51: 47: 42: 41: 37: 33: 32: 31: 28: 19: 2008: 2002: 1994: 1993:Benvenisti, 1989: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1960:Yossi Sarid 1956: 1947: 1946:Nir Hasson, 1941: 1932: 1926: 1906: 1898: 1893: 1885: 1877: 1869: 1864: 1852: 1844: 1839: 1831: 1826: 1814: 1809: 1801: 1800:Rex Brynen, 1796: 1788: 1783: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1757: 1749: 1741: 1733: 1725: 1720: 1712: 1707: 1699: 1694: 1686: 1677: 1669: 1666:Shlomo Gazit 1661: 1653: 1641: 1633: 1628: 1620: 1612: 1607: 1599: 1594: 1586: 1582: 1574: 1569:, ibid p.140 1566: 1561: 1549: 1544: 1536: 1528: 1523:, ibid. p.19 1520: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1494: 1478: 1470: 1462: 1461:Benvenisti, 1457: 1448: 1440: 1431: 1422: 1414: 1406: 1398: 1390: 1385: 1377: 1372: 1364: 1359: 1351: 1346: 1338: 1330: 1322: 1317: 1309: 1304: 1297: 1293: 1285: 1277: 1269: 1261: 1253: 1224: 1215:, vol.1, tr. 1212: 1204: 1196: 1188: 1180: 1175: 1167: 1161: 1149: 1141: 1133: 1125: 1112: 1100: 1094: 1086: 1083: 1076: 1067: 1060: 1058: 1050: 1042: 1030: 1025: 1017: 1011: 1009: 1006: 997: 993: 986: 980: 974: 965: 962:Jordan river 944:on entering 941: 933: 929: 913: 911: 907:king Hussein 895:Ariel Sharon 878: 872: 861: 855: 849: 843: 829: 823: 817: 815:the policy. 811: 799: 795: 791: 788: 779: 775: 761: 752: 750: 742: 740: 730: 704: 688: 675:nomenclature 671: 665: 655: 649: 639: 630: 626: 623: 617: 610: 600: 596: 592: 590: 589: 563: 562: 537: 524: 509: 501: 489: 479: 452:Selwyn Troen 441: 437: 435: 430: 414: 404: 389: 377: 369: 365: 359: 352: 344: 340:Risorgimento 332: 326: 319:North Dakota 313: 301: 295: 285: 273: 269: 265: 261: 255: 239: 231: 229: 223: 215: 213: 202:Pennsylvania 197: 191: 177: 175: 161: 160: 145: 143: 127: 124: 123: 114: 110: 108: 99: 97: 35: 26: 25: 1984:, ibid.p.13 1813:James Ron, 1646:Ran HaCohen 1554:Sam Spiegel 1233:S.J.Tambiah 1197:After Babel 932:. The root 812:vox propria 808:Gush Emunim 627:Wadi Rumman 549:Philistines 533:shibboleths 431:except Wiki 411:irredentist 315:John Gaddis 251:Pythonesque 65:Gush Emunim 46:MeteorMaker 1997:ibid. p.13 1237:Malinowsky 1138:Barry Hill 966:mitnahalim 930:mitnahalim 880:unprovoked 735:loan-words 599:, so also 595:. Just as 576:Ben Gurion 407:revanchist 1738:Zeev Maoz 1489:30.06.10 1245:Sumerians 1054:ethnocide 990:al-Sharif 948:, or the 918:colonists 905:, topple 786:argued. 766:, of the 723:Holocaust 521:songlines 468:Palestine 282:Confucian 196:'s novel 1352:Pretexts 1235:’s 1968 1022:Filastin 994:Urshalim 914:settlers 456:Zionists 444:Ottomans 429:etc.,), 278:Cratylus 272:) night( 243:Frostian 206:Maryland 83:WP:Undue 1965:Haaretz 1919:Haaretz 1859:, 32:18 1857:Numbers 1652:(ed.), 1487:Haaretz 1241:Semites 1154:Genesis 1002:calques 988:Al Quds 699:|psyche 581:Bedouin 505:Zionist 494:Zionism 486:Shechem 446:in the 427:Encarta 396:Euskadi 274:layĕlāh 264:) day ( 91:WP:NCGN 79:WP:NPOV 50:Pedrito 1819:Tanakh 1229:Isaiah 958:Reuben 946:Canaan 934:*n-h-l 903:Jordan 865:Carter 711:purism 635:Arroyo 554:Israel 464:Nablus 392:Basque 385:Québec 381:Canada 270:hôshek 182:Qu’ran 148:.. .' 111:tneuka 1687:Logos 1513:Wadi 1059:(vi) 804:Likud 658:nakba 572:Arava 568:Negev 558:Judah 436:(iii) 400:Spain 184:2:31. 176:'And 87:WP:RS 69:Likud 16:< 1485:in 1243:and 956:and 897:and 885:the 830:The 556:and 204:and 98:(ii) 1917:at 1517:man 1515:Rum 1509:ram 1435:Cf. 954:Gad 887:IDF 741:(v) 660::- 631:Ram 474::- 409:or 266:yom 192:In 180:.’ 74:ICJ 36:and 1913:, 1884:, 1756:, 1740:, 1668:, 1581:, 1535:, 1469:, 1439:, 1421:, 1405:, 1337:, 1284:, 1268:, 1252:, 1211:, 1195:, 1140:, 1132:, 1056:. 972:. 717:. 560:. 515:, 496:.' 425:, 262:or 208:: 117:.' 89:, 85:, 81:, 48:, 1014:. 701:’ 605:. 130:.

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