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Pyrophoric substances will catch fire spontaneously on contact with air. The GHS contains a single category, but distinguishes between liquids and solids because of the different transport hazards. Pyrophoric substances may be considered to be the extreme case of self-heating substances (see below).
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Self-heating susbtances and mixtures will gain temperature dangerously when exposed to air and without any external heat source. They may eventually catch fire, but only when large quantities are exposed to air and after a period of hours or days: this is the difference from substances classed as
259:
Substances or mixtures for which the heat of decomposition is less than 300 J/g, or for which the self-accelerating decomposition temperature for a 50 kg package is higher than 75 ºC, do not need to be classified under this heading. The heading also includes a "type G", which are substances or
366:, which will eventually catch fire in air at 50 ºC if packed as a cube of 27 m volume (sides of 3 metres): substances which are more hazardous than charcoal must be labelled for transport. The practical tests are carried out on smaller quantities and at higher temperatures.
124:(multiplied by a factor of 0.95 to take account of incomplete combustion) or measured experimentally by standard methods such as ASTM D240,ISO/FDIS 13943:1999 or NFPA 30B. The Spray ignition test, the Enclosed space ignition test and the Aerosol foam flammability test are described in the
94:
under pressure and a liquid phase: some aerosols also contain small solid particles in suspension in the liquid. An aerosol is potentially flammable if it contains a flammable gas, a flammable liquid or a flammable solid. However if the proportion of flammable components is less than 1%
579:"Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006"
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both use the phrases "flammable solid" and "readily combustible solid" in recognition of the fact that many solids with burn without a flame (but while giving off heat and decomposing). The distinction is not important for GHS classification, which is based on the
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The category of "self-reactive substances or mixtures" is wide, and runs from some extremely shock sensitive explosives to other substances which pose no significant risk in their use of transport. The GHS definition is based on the
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Organic peroxides, although the categorization scheme for these substances is essentially the same as for other self-reactive substances except for the transport class;
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are thermally unstable liquid or solid substances or mixtures liable to undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition even without the the participation of oxygen (air).
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mixtures which might otherwise meet the definition of "self-reactive", but which have no significant transport or handling risks in that respect.
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the heat of combustion is less than 20 kJ/g, the aerosol is not classified as flammable (and may be transported under UN transport class 2.2).
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359:"pyrophoric" (see above). In general, the risk is higher with larger amounts of the substance or mixture and at higher ambient temperatures.
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After these three groups have been removed, the GHS defines "self-reacting substances and mixtures" as those remaining which
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a liquid. Cigarette lighters containing flammable gases are transported under UN class 2.1, UN number 1057.
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UN Recommendations on the
Transport of Dangerous Goods. Manual of Tests and Criteria
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classified under this hazard group, even though they may have similar hazards:
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Substances and mixtures which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
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UN Recommendations on the
Transport of Dangerous Goods. Model Regulations
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The heat of combustion may either be taken from literature values of the
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Part 3, section 3.3.1, special provision 63, UN Model
Regulations Rev.15
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Globally
Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
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For transport purposes, the threshold level of self-heating is that of
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562:(Second revised ed.), New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2007,
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630:(Fourth revised ed.), New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2002
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Class 1 goods, that is "explosives" under the transport regulations;
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http://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions%5Cpub%5C93/93-02564.CV0.wpd.pdf
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Part III, section 33.2.1.4, UN Manual of Tests and
Criteria Rev.4
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The GHS uses the general definition of an "aerosol", that is an
619:(Fifteenth ed.), New York and Geneva: United Nations, 2007
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Part III, section 31.6, UN Manual of Tests and
Criteria Rev.4
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Part III, section 31.5, UN Manual of Tests and
Criteria Rev.4
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Part III, section 31.4, UN Manual of Tests and
Criteria Rev.4
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Part II, section 33.2, UN Manual of Tests and
Criteria Rev.4
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Flammability is measured by the ISO 10156:1996 test method.
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UN Recommendations for the
Transport of Dangerous Goods
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Under the GHS, a flammable liquid is any liquid with a
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is considered to be a liquefied gas under the GHS, and
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Part 2, section 2.4.2.2, UN Model Regulations Rev.15
90:. An aerosol dispensing system typically contains a
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214:The Burning rate test is described in the
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122:standard enthalpy change of combustion
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354:Self-heating substances and mixtures
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454:Part 2, section 2.3.4.1, GHS Rev.2
445:Part 2, section 2.3.2.1, GHS Rev.2
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327:Pyrophoric liquids and solids
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587:(L353): 1–1355, 31.12.2008
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610:(the "CLP Regulation")
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231:: the following are
191:UN Model Regulations
78:Flammable aerosols
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420:Organic peroxides
247:Oxidizing agents.
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551:References
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364:charcoal
88:aerosols
34:in this
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32:butane
425:Notes
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606:help
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564:ISBN
30:The
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40:not
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
