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754:. Be willing to accommodate your fellow Wikipedians, and remember that you do not write for yourself but for the public. Most Knowledge (XXG) editors are not academics and therefore the feedback you will receive is not always similar to what a professional peer reviewer would offer. However, what these non-professionals can offer you is a sense of how well you have communicated your basic ideas to a lay audience.
689:. The requirement for excellent writing is a common stumbling block, but many Wikipedians are willing to assist experts in making their prose flowing and accessible to non-experts, while maintaining its accuracy. Another common stumbling block is the requirement for consistency with Knowledge (XXG)'s style guidelines; again, Wikipedians have formed groups such as the
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strongly encourages using the 'thumbnail' size for most images, as in “]", but an image that requires larger display, such as a map or diagram, can be scaled by specifying a pixel size, as in “]". Captions are desirable, and are added at the end, after another vertical bar, as in “]", which appears at right.
229:. Click on the red link for the synonym, type the words #redirect ] and save this text by clicking "Publish changes". After that, any visitor to Knowledge (XXG) who searches for your synonym will be taken to the correct article. More details on how to create an article are given in the next section.
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A review of
Knowledge (XXG)'s Featured articles shows that the prevailing form of referencing in Knowledge (XXG) is what Wikipedians refer to as "inline citation"; these are small numerical superscripts that link within the page to the reference section at the bottom of the page. Such references may
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Knowledge (XXG)'s authority as a reference source derives mostly from its citations to the scholarly literature; hence, accurate references are essential for the quality of
Knowledge (XXG)'s articles. The density of citations in the best Knowledge (XXG) articles (Good articles and Featured articles)
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The final section of a typical
Knowledge (XXG) article is the “External links” section. These external links are generally not those cited in the References section; rather, they are often online tutorials or other educational resources that complement the Knowledge (XXG) article. There are usually
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Knowledge (XXG) articles make liberal use of sections and subsections to organize the article. The section and subsection titles are automatically collected at the top of the article in a Table of
Contents, giving an outline of the article. To create a section, place the section name enclosed by at
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For some topics, the length restriction of 50 kilobytes may seem too short, especially when writing out explanations for the non-scientific reader. However, Knowledge (XXG) wants its articles to be able to be read in one sitting. To keep the article length short, major sections may have to be spun
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Once you've opened an edit window, it's relatively easy to add text: simply type and then click on the "Publish page" button below the edit box. Before you do so, though, please add a short edit summary into the box just above the button, describing the change you made. That will help you and others
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Links are called "internal" if they point to another
Knowledge (XXG) article and "external" otherwise. Knowledge (XXG) encourages internal links for relatively unknown topics mentioned in the article. If readers don't understand a given term in a sentence, they may click on the link to get a quick
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If you are writing an article with a group of other people, it is best to discuss the structure of the article, the sources for that article, the prose, and the images on the article talk page. WikiProjects also help articulate the principles behind a good article in their particular subject areas.
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You may get such a red link from the
Knowledge (XXG) search in Step 1, or by editing another article to add the link, e.g., "]". The latter method is useful when the article has unusual characters not found on an ordinary keyboard. Many unusual characters, such as Å or μ or ±, can be found at the
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but it also has unwritten social taboos and internal politics. Writing with other editors means that you will have to navigate these expectations and unwritten rules to some extent. No one expects new editors to know the internal workings of
Knowledge (XXG)'s community, so mistakes are inevitable;
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To reach this level, the first step is to write a comprehensive, well-written, well-referenced and well-illustrated article. The topic can be quite specialized, such as a single organism, single organelle or even a single type of enzyme; it is not necessary to write only on general topics such as
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Your conversations and collaborations with other
Wikipedians are a key part of the pleasure, and the strength, of Knowledge (XXG). You'll enjoy the company of fellow enthusiasts and benefit from their often complementary expertise; you won't have to do everything yourself! Here are some tips to
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Examples of such readers include high-school students who might join the field someday, college students taking their first course, adults trying to educate themselves and citizens whose taxes support scholarly research. Consequently, authors cannot assume an extensive background knowledge. To
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You will likely have company in writing the article; other
Wikipedians may join in and try to help you. Often their help will be as simple as correcting typos, categorizing the article, or formatting the article to give it a consistent "look and feel" with related articles. With more involved
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button near the bottom. Your "tutorial sandbox" page should have been created and your text should have been saved and published there. Congratulations — you're a
Wikipedian! You can return to this sandbox to write drafts for articles, to try out new editing methods, or simply to experiment.
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To include an image in an article, add the image file name between double square brackets, preceded by the word “Image:”, e.g., “]". The image can be aligned with the right or left margin using those words as arguments, as in “]"; right alignment is the default. Knowledge (XXG)'s image policy
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When you reach the edge of the edit window, you don't need to hit return; just keep typing! The text will automatically format itself when you click "Publish page". To break the text into paragraphs, add exactly one blank line before starting the next paragraph. Adding two or more lines is
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Knowledge (XXG) articles typically end with a few standard sections. The first of these is the “See also” section, which links to other articles in related fields that were not mentioned in the main body. This section is usually followed by the "Notes" or "References" section.
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At the very bottom of the page is a light blue bar with the categories of the article. Categorizing an article allows you and others to find related articles. To find good categories, look at articles on related topics, or ask a friendly Wikipedian for help.
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least two equal signs at the beginning of a line, e.g., "==History==". Subsections are created by adding an equal sign on either side, e.g., "===Medieval conceptions===". At the lowest level, sections typically have a few paragraphs and typically one image.
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section that follows. The lead section is an abstract of the article: technical details, caveats and the like are usually omitted; it should be comprehensible to a broad audience. The body of the article is written as a mini-review article, almost always
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You may find that an article on your topic exists on Knowledge (XXG) under one name but is missing a key synonym. For example, the “Krebs cycle” article may exist, but a “citric acid cycle” article may not. To introduce the synonym, you can create a
665:. In principle, these articles have been vetted by the active Knowledge (XXG) community for excellent writing, accurate and complete coverage, and for consistency with Knowledge (XXG)'s style guidelines. A complete list of the criteria can be found
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Without a user account, you won't be able to create or move pages, which would make this a very short workshop. ;) If you haven't already, please start a user account by clicking on the blue link in the topmost right-hand corner, the one labeled
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Redirect pages are also useful for smaller topics that might not merit their own article. You can create a redirect to a specific sub-section of a larger article using a pound sign "#". For illustration, clicking on the link
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This brief tutorial just scratches the surface of Knowledge (XXG); there's lots left to learn! Fortunately, Knowledge (XXG) is full of friendly, knowledgeable people who will help you navigate its highways and byways.
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says, do good turns, and you'll receive the same. One of the most helpful services academics can provide is steering other editors towards the best sources to use for an article and helping them gain access to those
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A cell biologist might have a different view of a topic than, say, a physiologist, a biochemist, a physicist, or a medieval historian; but together they can find common ground. The article doesn't have to be
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If your topic has its own article already, you should generally work on improving that rather than creating a new article. However, if you create a redundant article inadvertently, this can be fixed by
444:, can be uploaded at will. In other cases, the uploader should own the copyright and be willing to release the image. The various issues surrounding image copyright on Knowledge (XXG) are discussed
771:
The most fruitful discussions reflect a sharing of knowledge, brainstorming, a willingness to compromise, and the excitement of discovering the best way to present the information to the reader.
274:
Creating a new article is relatively easy on Knowledge (XXG). Knowledge (XXG) has two types of internal links: blue links that point to another article and red links that point to nothing.
603:{{cite journal | author= ] | year = 1970 | title= RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses | journal= ] | volume= 226 | number= 5252 | pages= 1209–11 | pmid= 4316300 }}
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Different templates are used for different types of sources, such as journal articles, book chapters, and books. Such templates can be written automatically using the freely available
669:. Each candidate for Featured article undergoes a detailed scrutiny, often lasting weeks, before it is certified as Featured — or not. Only Featured articles may appear on the
248:”. For such cases, Knowledge (XXG) has “disambiguation” pages, which direct the reader to the relevant article. Usually, the field of a term is specified in parentheses, e.g.,
536:. However, large animation files are discouraged, since they require a long time to download. Typically, image and animation files should be fewer than a few megabytes.
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button; select the set of characters you wish to use from the drop-down menu and then click on the desired character to add it into the text at the cursor position.
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overview before returning to the original article. This is one reason to make the lead section of an article an easily accessible summary of the entire article.
700:. During an article's candidacy for Featured article status, Wikipedians can express their opinion whether the article meets the criteria or not, by indicating
437:
Knowledge (XXG) articles are generally well-illustrated, even when the text is relatively poor. Many articles have one image for every few paragraphs of text.
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should be colored red, meaning that Knowledge (XXG) has no article under that name. Open that link in a new tab, type in a few characters, and click on the
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In some cases, you may wish to cite a reference more than once. This can be done by giving the reference a name at any of the places it is cited
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Graphs and diagrams are used frequently to illustrate concepts in Knowledge (XXG)'s science articles. The preferred format for such images is
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in facts and reliable sources. Agree on a common nomenclature and descriptive variables. Be cool and professional, even if others are not.
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supply that background, the wiki-editor can either include it themselves, or include a wiki-link to another article that explains the topic.
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To make the text appear at the bottom, you must add a "references" tag to the References section near the bottom of the article, e.g.,
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at the bottom of that article. That will take you to a list of many of Knowledge (XXG)'s articles under that category. For example,
478:
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A completely different name can be given to a link using a vertical bar within the double brackets. For example, "]" will appear as
389:
Aside from the text, four elements are important in improving a Knowledge (XXG) article: links, categories, images and references.
532:
Animations are also welcomed at Knowledge (XXG), such as the animation of the conformational change between the R and T states of
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is typically 3 citations per kilobyte of readable text, which is roughly equivalent to that found in scientific review articles.
517:(Scalable Vector Graphics), since such images retain their precision even at different sizes. Alternative image formats include
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In the first two cases, you can improve the article, whereas in the latter two cases, you may wish to create a new article.
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who will help you copyedit, peer-review, and generally improve your articles. WikiProjects are a good starting place. As
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At the other positions where this reference is cited, the whole reference need not be written out; instead, you can write
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The most important issue for images is their copyright status. Images in the public domain, or released under one of the
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editors, you may wish to discuss the article's scope, organization or emphases on its talk page, which is found under the
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Conduct a Google search restricted to Knowledge (XXG). Enter “mitochondrion site:en.wikipedia.org” in the search box for
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712:. Frequently, improvements are made to the article in the process. Approval as a Featured article is governed by
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But before you create a new article on your topic, you should check whether it exists on Knowledge (XXG) already.
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have been developed to enable a uniform format for references across articles. These templates have the form
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Using this approach, the references are automatically numbered in order of their appearance within the text.
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This tutorial outlines the practical steps of writing a new Knowledge (XXG) article and developing it into a
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tab at the upper left of the article. More detailed suggestions for collaborative writing are given at the
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highlighted in blue. Clicking on that blue link will take you to the Knowledge (XXG) article by that name.
343:; for scientific or other scholarly topics, the writing is typically aimed at junior-level undergraduates.
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A third, more serendipitous, technique is to identify a related article, and click on the most appropriate
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Knowledge (XXG) is a community like any other: it has explicit expectations of its users laid out in the
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You may also find that your chosen topic has an alternate meaning in an entirely different field, e.g., “
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Use Knowledge (XXG)'s own search box in the left column. Enter “mitochondrion” in the box and click the
645:. Zotero has the advantage of maintaining a database of references, similar to the proprietary software
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You're the world's authority on a topic and you'd like to share your expertise with the world — great!
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link has been replaced by your user name highlighted in red, followed by some user commands such as
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rather than a vote: the directors must be satisfied that all valid objections have been overcome.
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62:. On the final page, please read the information, fill in the form, and click the button labeled
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between 5 and 15 external links, although fewer and more numerous sections are sometimes seen.
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Knowledge (XXG) articles are not aimed at fellow experts, but rather at interested lay-people.
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by adding letters after the closing double brackets of the link. Thus, "]s" produces
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204:; going to the latter link reveals many of Knowledge (XXG)'s articles on organelles.
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Full instructions for adding references to Knowledge (XXG) articles can be found
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139:. Plurals and other variations on the article name can be made in two ways...
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The instructions for nominating an article as a Featured article can be found
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Regardless of the method, your search will reveal one of three possibilities:
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By custom, topics on Knowledge (XXG) are usually given in the singular, e.g.,
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Knowledge (XXG) does not allow speculation or original syntheses of the data.
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of Knowledge (XXG), which gives them vast exposure to the world at large (
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614:(1970). "RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in virions of RNA tumour viruses".
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Practical tutorial in editing Knowledge (XXG); click on "show" to reveal
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A Knowledge (XXG) article differs from a mini-review in two key ways:
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the two articles. Merging is best done with the help of a friendly
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If you are viewing this page for the first time, the following link
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off as sub-articles and and replaced with a 1-2 paragraph summary.
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to start your account. On the next page, you should see that the
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be added at a point in the article using an HTML-like tag :
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Knowledge (XXG):How to create graphs for Knowledge (XXG) articles
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Clicking on a red link and beginning to edit creates an article.
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feasible, too, but it leaves too much white space on the page.
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Let's add a link to another article on Knowledge (XXG)! Edit
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however, it is crucial to understand that there is an entire
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takes the reader to the "Vesicular transport" section of the
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your topic is covered as a subsection of another article, or
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your topic has its own article (possibly under a synonym),
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help you succeed brilliantly in Knowledge (XXG) society:
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56:. On the following page, click on the blue link labeled
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Checking whether an article on your topic exists already
677:) with commensurate impact for scientific outreach.
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The highest level of Knowledge (XXG) article is the
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and add the text "]". After saving, you should see
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Assertions must be citable to scholarly literature.
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322:Knowledge (XXG):Make technical articles accessible
653:, and can be used to format scientific journals.
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777:Be willing to adapt to Knowledge (XXG) culture
747:Be open to different perspectives and emphases
657:Developing the article into a Featured article
217:your topic isn't mentioned on Knowledge (XXG).
768:Make use of article talk pages and other fora
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92:. These steps are shown in the video above.
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468:Knowledge (XXG):How to improve image quality
433:A three-dimensional image of the proteasome
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341:fewer than 50 kilobytes in readable prose
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279:bottom of the editing screen, under the
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675:typically 5 million page views per day
39:Please begin by getting a user account
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458:For more details, see the tutorials
452:Incorporating images into an article
477:The syntax for images is described
235:Golgi apparatus#Vesicular transport
45:Tutorial on starting a user account
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
