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1228:, an entertainment conglomerate. Since then, Sega and Sammy became subsidiaries of the aforementioned holding company, with both companies operating independently, while the executive departments merged. Prior to the acquisition by Sammy, Sega began the process of re-integrating its subsidiaries into the main company, which was completed by October 2004. Sega would also restructure the development studios again, consolidating the divisions further into the Global Entertainment, Amusement Software, and New Entertainment R&D divisions.
1388:. Factors that influenced the acquisition included the former Technosoft president stating that they did not want the Technosoft brand to desist, and so handing over the intellectual properties to Sega was the only other option. Sega and Technosoft also had an established collaboration during the Genesis/Mega Drive era and so this pre-established relationship was also a factor when acquiring the brand rights to Technosoft games.
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388:(also known as the Mega Drive outside North America) in 1988. Two of the employees working on these hardware developments were Hideki Sato and Masami Ishikawa. Hired on at Sega in 1979, Ishikawa was involved in SG-1000 and Master System development, and later led development of the Genesis. He later held a management position in the research and development division.
818:, Sega began to separate the amusement division into the Amusement Machine Research and Development teams, or AM teams. According to Suzuki, Sega employed approximately 600 people in research and development, and that AM2 began as a group of around 100 people. He has also stated the reason for this separation was the advent of advanced computer graphics technology.
90:, in 1965. With the merger, the company took the name Sega Enterprises, Ltd., using the branding of Nihon Goraku Bussan at the time that was first used by its predecessor, Service Games of Japan, in 1954. Shortly afterward, Sega stopped its focus on slot machines and stopped leasing to military bases in order to focus on becoming a
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According to Rosen, poor conditions in the US coin-op manufacturing market prompted the company's development of electromechanical games. Both Nihon Goraku Bussan and Rosen
Enterprises had had engineers on staff. Because Sega imported second-hand machines that frequently required maintenance, Sega
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in 2006, which was renamed to Sega
Studios San Francisco in 2008. In early 2008, Sega announced that they would re-establish an Australian presence, as a subsidiary of Sega of Europe, with a development studio branded as Sega Studios Australia. In the same year, Sega launched a subscription based
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for $ 10 million. Stolar's reasoning from the move was to recapture the success of sports games that Sega had had in the
Genesis years. The move resulted in some difficulty for Sega when Electronic Arts refused to publish games for the system due to their demand to be the exclusive publisher of
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One of Sega's most important research and development hires occurred in 1962. Hisashi Suzuki, an engineer, joined in large part because foreign-ran companies including Sega used five-day work weeks, whereas most
Japanese companies worked six days at the time. Suzuki was hired as a designer, and
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in 2008. Since then, the strategies for Asian and
Western markets have become independent. The Western line-up consisted of emulations of games and pay-to-play apps, which were eventually overshadowed by more social and free-to-play games, eventually leading to 19 of the older mobile games being
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Suzuki himself has stressed the significant difference between design and development in electromechanical games that is less so in video games. Eventually, Suzuki would become Sega's head of the research and development division and later a member of the company's board of directors, until his
235:, the first arcade game to feature color vector graphics. It also was the debut of Sega's G80 arcade system board, developed in collaboration between Gremlin and Sega of Japan, which introduced the ability to change the game in the arcade cabinet. A team at Sega/Gremlin developed
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I debuted as Sega's mascot, and went head-to-head against
Nintendo's Mario. But it didn't work out in the end. For the longest time after that, I beat myself up about it, thinking about why it turned out the way it did. I spent a lot of time on this riverbank, staring at the
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began the transition from importer to manufacturer by constructing replacement guns and flippers for its imported games. According to former Sega director Akira Nagai, this led to Sega developing their own games as well. Rosen sketched out the design of Sega's first game,
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s success, Sega created between eight and ten games a year for the next two years, and exported all of them. Despite this, rampant piracy in the industry would eventually lead to Sega stepping away from exporting its games. One such example occurred when Sega developed
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85:
Prior to their work in developing arcade games, Nihon Goraku Bussan and its sister company, Nihon Kikai Seizō, were focused on the production of slot machines and jukeboxes. The two companies were merged in 1964, and acquired Rosen
Enterprises, owned by
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Due to the decline of packaged game sales both domestically and outside Japan in the 2010s, Sega began layoffs and reduction of their
Western businesses, such as Sega shutting down five offices based in Europe and Australia on July 1, 2012.
77:, which became a surprise success and led to more arcade machine development. Since beginning development of its own arcade games, Sega has maintained first-party research and development teams and studios for arcade and console games.
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series. In 2008, Sega announced the closure of Sega Racing Studio, although the studio was later acquired by
Codemasters. Closures of Sega Studios San Francisco and Sega Studios Australia followed in 2010 and 2013, respectively.
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In what has been called "a brief moment of remarkable creativity", in 2000, Sega restructured its arcade and console development teams into nine semi-autonomous studios headed by the company's top designers. Studios included
210:, which was already producing microprocessor-based games. After the acquisition, Sega sold its arcade games as "Gremlin/Sega", which changed to "Sega/Gremlin" in 1981. Sega's acquisition of Gremlin occurred in time for the
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During the 1980s, Sega made a number of new hires to its in-house research and development. Rikiya
Nakagawa joined Sega as a programmer in 1983. Working for Sega's development division, he programmed arcade games including
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basketball series were critically acclaimed. Additionally, with the release of Sega's NAOMI arcade system board, the focus of the arcade divisions shifted to produce games that could easily be ported to the Dreamcast.
737:, who had joined Sega in 1988. After Yashura joined Naka and Ohshima, their focus shifted to the protagonist, who Sega hoped could become its mascot. The protagonist was initially a rabbit able to grasp objects with
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garnered criticism for technical problems including erratic camera angles and glitches, but was praised for its "luscious" visuals, "vast, twisting environments" and iconic set pieces. It has been described as the
745:, a teal hedgehog created by Ohshima. Naka's prototype was then fleshed out with Ohshima's character design and levels conceived by Yasuhara. The team, which included Kodama and totaled 15 people, took the name
146:
retirement in 2004. Another important hire was Hideki Sato, who was hired in 1971. He later became the deputy general manager of research and development in 1989, and president of the company in 2001.
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flash website called "PlaySEGA" which played emulated versions of Sega Genesis as well original web-based flash games. It was subsequently shut down due to low subscription numbers. In 2013, following
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1186:, Suzuki left AM2 on October 1, 2003 in order to start a new studio with Sega, called Digitalrex. He was promoted to non-executive board director. Hiroshi Kataoka was placed in charge of AM2.
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During Sega's ownership of Gremlin, Rosen applied a strategy in which both Sega's Japanese and Gremlin's American research and development would establish a presence in arcades. At Gremlin,
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helped to pull the arcade game market out of the 1982 downturn and created new genres of video games. Suzuki and his team relocated to "Studio 128", a more private location where
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as his first project. He, Naka, and Kodama worked together on the game as well as its sequel. In 1990, Nakayama decided Sega needed a flagship series and mascot to compete with
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sports games for Dreamcast. While the Dreamcast would have none of EA's popular sports games, "Sega Sports" games developed mainly by Visual Concepts helped to fill that void.
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Exodus of talent (Mizuguchi and Nakagawa leave shortly after the mergers, Ohba leaves in 2004, Naka leaves in 2006, Suzuki retires in 2009, Oguchi takes a management role)
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In its appreciation of 3D space and in the way themes of evolution and transcendence are intertwined with, and layered on top of, exhilarating abstract soundscapes,
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Sega announced at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2016 that they acquired the intellectual property and development rights to the games developed and published by
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One of the strangest titles to come out of Sega's workshop ... It's actually a more addictive and challenging game than the original game that it is based on.
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that involved a fast-moving character rolling in a ball through a long winding tube. Sega management accepted the duo's project and they were joined by designer
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133:. According to Rosen, after its American release in 1970, it was cloned by three Chicago manufacturers. This negatively affected the game's market performance.
373:. A year before the acquisition, Nakayama advocated that Sega enter the home consumer market in Japan, leading to the SC-3000 computer released in 1983, the
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seriously hurt Sega, leading Gulf and Western to sell its North American arcade manufacturing organization and the licensing rights for its arcade games to
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1085:, and Sega Rosso. Sega's design houses were encouraged to experiment and benefited from a relatively lax approval process. This resulted in games such as
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for the SG-1000. He was promoted to project leader while still in his first year at the company. Suzuki's next project was the motorcycle racing game
202:-based games. Attempts to build microprocessors had cost the company US$ 5 million in losses in 1977 and 1978. On September 29, 1978, Sega purchased
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ears, but the concept proved too complex for available hardware. The team moved on to animals that could roll into a ball, and eventually settled on
241:, which featured two and four-person multiplayer, but underperformed in arcades. Sam Palahnuk, along with Bivens and others, developed and released
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was developed by Steve Hanawa of Sega and released in 1981. At the insistence of Sega/Gremlin employee Elizabeth Falconer, Sega/Gremlin licensed
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483:. At the time Suzuki joined Sega, there was only one development division at the company. In his first year, he created a 2D boxing game called
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pulled due to quality concerns in May 2015. Beginning in 2012, Sega also began acquiring studios for mobile development, with studios such as
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initially was responsible for a number of slot machines and jukeboxes. He transitioned to electromechanical games, where he designed 1970's
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was designed by Lane Hauck and programmed by Bill Blewitt with some influence from Sega of Japan. Hauck would also design the shooting game
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was hired into Sega's Consumer Development division. His first task was designing maps and checking floppy disks for a game titled
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To accomplish his desire to make a 3D game despite technological limitations at the time, he specified the design of Sega's new
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DeWyze, Jeanette (July 15, 1982). "Exactly Zaxxon! Gremlin Industries and the Boiinngg, Swoosh, Zzzap! World of Video Games".
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Engrossing, demanding, and utterly awe-inspiring, Yuji Naka's vision has finally come full circle in this phenomenal title.
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357:. Rosen subsequently resigned from Sega on January 1, 1984, but returned with Sega Enterprises, Ltd. executive
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also used discrete logic hardware, during this time frame Sega was still focused on electromechanical games.
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Brief development of SG-1000, II, Master System, and Sega Genesis, and why certain advancements were made.
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At the end of 1982, Sega/Gremlin announced a name change to Sega Electronics, Inc. Starting that year, a
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I wish more time was spent to make this game truly remarkable, rather than the decent game we see today.
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with regular schedules, and the ability to pick up and examine detailed objects (also introducing the
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was very popular at launch and sold well for Sega. Suzuki's success followed with additional titles
288:—outsourcing development of games was not an uncommon practice at the time. Another such title was
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went over budget and was rumored to have cost Sega over $ 50 million. As the first fully 3D
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As Sega entered the end of the 1970s, the company began to make attempts to transition into
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4643:"Sega purchased THQ's Relic Entertainment to 'reinforce PC game development capabilities'"
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joined Sega in 1984. As part of his earliest work, he worked on project planning for the
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was purchased by Sega Sammy after going bankrupt. After the buyout, Sega implemented a
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2065:"Sega/Gremlin Introduces 'Convert-A-Game' At Annual Distributor Meeting In La Costa".
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In 2001, AM2 of CRI was renamed to SEGA-AM2 Co., Ltd. After serving as a producer on
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4932:"Sega acquires Demiurge Studios, but not its best-known game, Marvel Puzzle Quest"
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following the acquisition of Rosen Enterprises in 1965. Originally an importer of
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1053:. The new division became known as "AM2 of CRI", and Suzuki remained in charge.
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for the SF-7000 expansion for the SG-1000, and his first game he programmed was
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4907:"SEGA Removing Games From Mobile Catalog that Fail to Meet Quality Standards"
4296:"Magic 2018 – Da tite kubo a Yu Suzuki a Bill Sienkiewicz ospiti e programma"
3624:"From the Living Room to the Grave: Remembering the Top 10 Dreamcast Games".
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Montfort, Nick; Consalvo, Mia. "The Dreamcast, Console of the Avant-Garde".
3126:
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2258:
2251:"Sega's Original Hardware Developer Talks About The Company's Past Consoles"
1947:
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within CS1, Sonic Team within CS2; Takashi Iizuka relocates to America, CS3)
1418:
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1047:, which was Sega's parent company at the time, and had previously published
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4704:"Sega to shut down Medieval 2: Total War developer Sega Studios Australia"
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and rebrands it as "Atlus", Sega of America moves into their California HQ
185:
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while working on the game, who had been hired as a designer in 1987 with
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A surreal adventure with a certain brand of humor rarely achieved today.
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Global Entertainment, New Entertainment, and Amusement Machine divisions
4816:
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374:
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68:
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Console Wars: Sega, Nintendo, and the Battle That Defined a Generation
1766:
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1113:. AM2 developed what Sega hoped would be the Dreamcast's killer app,
274:
269:
4807:"Sega focusing on digital shift following decreased 2011 financials"
2111:"What's New In Video Games; Taking the Zing Out of the Arcade Boom"
1347:
with Index, and re-branded the video game assets of the company as
1216:
Studio consolidation, reintegration, and numerous moves (2003-2012)
2787:
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171:(TTL) hardware. Although additional later releases such as 1976's
1335:
Acquisition of Index Corporation and changes since (2012-present)
564:
joined Sega in 1984. Her first work was on character design for
3714:
Vore, Bryan (March 2012). "Alex Kidd: Sega's Forgotten Mascot".
3077:"Sonic the Hedgehog co-creator Hirokazu Yasuhara joins Nintendo"
1997:
1985:
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Mizuguchi separates from Sasaki, Sasaki's group AM12, then AM5 (
554:
476:
366:
159:
94:
of coin-operated amusement machines. Products imported included
44:
4770:"Sega to rebrand Index as Atlus in April, creates new division"
3474:
Loading... The Journal of the Canadian Game Studies Association
1224:
bought a controlling share in Sega and created the new company
725:
to move smoothly on a curve by determining its position with a
721:
created by Naka, who had developed an algorithm that allowed a
5156:"Sega acquires Two Point Hospital developer Two Point Studios"
4993:"From Sonic Jump to Speed Battle: The story of Sega Hardlight"
4427:"Sega and Sammy complete merger, new holding company launched"
3628:. Vol. 16, no. 166. February 2007. pp. 116–117.
3385:
3230:
3044:"Game Design Psychology: The Full Hirokazu Yasuhara Interview"
2622:
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2534:
1271:
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Formation of AM Annex from AM3 (AM Annex -> AM8 -> AM9 (
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created as part of their training process. For his next game,
302:
Japanese management buyout and video game consoles (1983-1991)
3374:
3372:
2996:. Vol. 13, no. 124. August 2003. pp. 114–116.
1107:. Sega also revived franchises from the Genesis era, such as
4673:"Sega Confirms Closure Of Internal Iron Man, Golden Axe Dev"
4009:
Smith, Sean (June 22, 2006). "Company Profile: Sonic Team".
3340:
3338:
1605:. Vol. 21, no. 51. September 3, 1960. p. 52.
766:
Amusement Machine Research and Development Teams (1991-1993)
2186:. Vol. 45, no. 24. November 12, 1983. p. 32.
609:
Kodama later became a producer for Sega, and was dubbed by
336:
Teams such as Team Shinobi and Sonic Team (not the studio).
28:
https://tools.wmflabs.org/iabot/index.php?page=runbotsingle
3647:. Vol. 15, no. 151. November 2005. p. 198.
1211:
End of first-party consoles, development for other systems
692:, Naka created pseudo-3D animation effects. He met artist
71:, Sega began developing its own arcade games in 1966 with
3610:. Vol. 15, no. 150. October 2005. p. 165.
2420:
Marley, Scott (December 2016). "Q&A with Yu Suzuki".
1358:
In the mobile market, Sega released its first app on the
1289:
Studios merged, then later reacquired by Sega. (Sega Wow)
1143:
starring Sega's mascot, Sonic the Hedgehog, Sonic Team's
229:
with programming by Medo Moreno. Murphy Bivens designed
1043:(CRI) took management over AM2. CRI was a subsidiary of
761:
Arcade hardware: Super Scaler, Out Run, X Board, Y Board
3018:
Petronille, Mark; Audureau, William (January 1, 2013).
1193:
takes over AM2 as AM2 of CRI, Yu Suzuki still in charge
2990:"Sonic's Architect: GI Interviews Hirokazu Yasuhara".
2463:"Out Ran: Meeting Yu Suzuki, Sega's original outsider"
1574:"Sega and Utamatic Purchase Assets of Service Games".
4536:
4534:
2082:"Sega/Gremlin Changes Name to Sega Electronics Inc".
256:, its last TTL-based game, and released it in 1979.
2326:. SoftBank Publishing. August 2000. pp. 93–96.
1755:(Interview). p. 9 – via Internet Archive.
1747:"Did you know that Sega was started by an American?"
1684:(Interview). p. 9 – via Internet Archive.
1676:"Did you know that Sega was started by an American?"
822:
Reorganization and frequent team changes (1993-1998)
3185:. No. 26. Imagine Publishing. pp. 24–29.
3179:Smith, Sean (2006). "Company Profile: Sonic Team".
2218:"The Next Level: Sega's Plans for World Domination"
1599:"Service Games Inc. Bought By Sega and Uta Matic".
1158:series' creative apex. In sports, Visual Concepts'
900:
Independent corporations and AM2 of CRI (1998-2003)
465:, in 1988. He eventually became the head of Sega's
4737:"Atlus 'extremely happy' to join forces with Sega"
4049:"The 20 Best Platformers: 1989 to 2009: Number 7:
1812:(in Japanese). Amusement News Agency. p. 43.
157:, its first video-based game, in 1973. A clone of
4962:"Sega's Western mobile division hit with layoffs"
4844:"Sega to close five European, Australian offices"
4210:"CSK Research Institute Becomes Sega-AM2 Co. Ltd"
3013:
3011:
2501:The Sega Arcade Revolution: A History in 62 Games
1629:The Sega Arcade Revolution, A History in 62 Games
1547:The Sega Arcade Revolution, A History in 62 Games
1196:Remainder of studios spun off into nine companies
1149:was considered "the centerpiece of the launch".
1031:Prior to the Dreamcast's release, Sega purchased
547:were developed. He also worked on development of
5063:"Sega announces acquisitions of Technosoft IP's"
4468:Feldman, Curt; Thorsen, Tor (January 24, 2005).
891:Nagoshi is granted his own AM, AM11, later AM4 (
888:Sega Digital Studio, later AM10, as a sound team
3855:In 2011, Suzuki stated that the actual cost of
3745:"Features - The Rise And Fall Of The Dreamcast"
3266:"Features - The Rise And Fall Of The Dreamcast"
3259:
3257:
1526:
1501:
1475:
905:Transitions into independent companies in 2000
791:AM4, 5, and 6 as support groups at the time. -
4237:"The Arcade Pioneer: The Story of Yu Suzuki".
3718:. Vol. 22, no. 227. pp. 98–99.
2724:. No. 251. February 2010. pp. 80–82.
1421:and formation of Sega Europe's "five pillars".
149:After being acquired by American conglomerate
4396:"Sega development studios return to the fold"
2320:"Sega New President's Story: Rikiya Nakagawa"
8:
1938:"Sega's Sato trying to rejuvenate gamemaker"
2985:
2983:
2737:"Flying the Friendly Skies to the GameCube"
2415:
2413:
2350:"NG Alphas: An Interview With Hisao Oguchi"
594:Phantasy Star IV: The End of the Millennium
272:and released it in 1981. Sega's 1982 game
1531:, Japanese Machine Manufacturers Co., Ltd.
1255:employees. In 2006, Sega Europe purchased
247:, with Sega/Gremlin releasing it in 1983.
81:Early research and development (1960-1977)
4543:"Codemasters Acquires Sega Racing Studio"
4365:"Sammy reveals new logo, changes at Sega"
3929:
3927:
244:Star Trek: Strategic Operations Simulator
191:Star Trek: Strategic Operations Simulator
4470:"Sega officially out of the sports game"
3213:. No. 9. June 1994. pp. 45–50.
2626:
2583:
2450:. No. 9. June 1994. pp. 45–50.
2380:
2021:
2009:
1856:
1316:Sale of Visual Concepts and purchase of
903:
578:She also served as the main designer on
529:. Former Sega director Akira Nagai said
5069:from the original on September 26, 2018
5003:from the original on September 12, 2018
4942:from the original on September 12, 2018
4749:from the original on September 15, 2015
4622:from the original on September 15, 2015
4124:from the original on September 10, 2014
4032:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMott2013 (
3808:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMott2013 (
3587:from the original on September 26, 2014
3357:from the original on September 28, 2014
3347:"IGN Presents the History of Dreamcast"
3299:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKent2001 (
2735:Padilla, Raymond (September 21, 2002).
2681:
2679:
2677:
2330:from the original on September 29, 2019
2286:"Sega arcade development chief resigns"
2201:sfn error: no target: CITEREFKent2001 (
1789:from the original on September 11, 2018
1718:from the original on September 11, 2018
1537:
1480:, Japanese Amusement Products Co., Ltd.
1456:
1208:purchased, negotiations with EA go sour
1199:Sonic Team USA (later Sega Studios USA)
1127:day/night cycle with variable weather,
598:Additionally, she provided artwork for
284:are believed to have been developed by
5113:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5106:
5047:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5040:
5029:from the original on February 25, 2018
4735:MacGregor, Kyle (September 19, 2013).
4341:
3934:Justice, Brandon (September 8, 1999).
3692:"The Story of Sega's Oddest Game Ever"
3543:from the original on November 22, 2014
3314:Sato, Yukiyoshi Ite (April 27, 2000).
3202:
3200:
3119:"The Essential 50: Sonic the Hedgehog"
3095:
2958:"The Essential 50: Sonic the Hedgehog"
2934:
2637:
2635:
2573:from the original on October 14, 2017.
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:from the original on December 20, 2015
2439:
2437:
2161:from the original on November 10, 2013
2121:from the original on December 19, 2013
2043:
1981:
1979:
1961:
1915:
1232:In 2005, Sega sold Visual Concepts to
1119:, a "revenge epic in the tradition of
4972:from the original on January 18, 2017
4653:from the original on January 27, 2013
4294:Vazzoler, Marlen (January 27, 2018).
4258:
4256:
4254:
4151:from the original on January 17, 2015
3950:from the original on October 30, 2014
3912:from the original on November 4, 2014
3877:from the original on November 5, 2014
3785:from the original on October 30, 2014
3755:from the original on October 27, 2014
3743:Perry, Douglass (September 9, 2009).
3606:"Retro Reviews: Typing of the Dead".
3393:from the original on October 31, 2014
3276:from the original on October 27, 2014
3264:Perry, Douglass (September 9, 2009).
2911:
2909:
2715:
2713:
2394:"現代の最終兵器『ダイナマイト刑事』 | セガボイス | セガ 製品情報"
2358:. No. 32. August 1997. pp.
2265:from the original on December 2, 2013
1737:
1735:
1733:
1622:
1620:
1351:, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sega.
250:In addition, Sega of Japan developed
7:
5095:from the original on August 27, 2018
4768:Pitcher, Jenna (February 18, 2014).
4683:from the original on October 5, 2018
4375:from the original on August 28, 2018
4027:
3803:
3672:from the original on August 30, 2011
3412:Parish, Jeremy (September 3, 2009).
3294:
2196:
2109:Pollack, Andrew (October 24, 1982).
1654:
1652:
1477:Nihon goraku bussan kabushiki gaisha
1439:, Demiurge sold back to its creator.
1395:, known for its positively reviewed
851:Original AM5 becomes Mirai R&D?
55:on June 3, 1960 and became known as
4786:from the original on April 29, 2015
4265:"Sega Studio Mergers: Full Details"
3861:Gallegos, Anthony (March 2, 2011).
3825:"On-Screen Help, In-Game Hindrance"
3207:"Yu Suzuki: Sega's driving force".
2542:from the original on March 30, 2012
2461:Robinson, Martin (March 22, 2015).
2444:"Yu Suzuki: Sega's driving force".
2145:Miami Herald – via
1503:Kabushiki gaisha Sega Entapuraizezu
1381:becoming fully owned subsidiaries.
1236:, and purchased UK-based developer
954:AM5 / R&D #5 (previously AM12)
943:AM4 / R&D #4 (previously AM11)
848:CD splits into three CS departments
469:research and development division.
423:, and his first game developed was
342:Hardware R&D, Ishikawa and Sato
4991:Cowley, Rick (November 20, 2017).
4716:from the original on April 8, 2013
4579:"SEGA acquires Sports Interactive"
4541:Hayward, Andrew (April 25, 2008).
4486:from the original on July 17, 2015
4437:from the original on June 12, 2018
4406:from the original on July 11, 2018
3983:. October 27, 1999. Archived from
3569:Parkin, Simon (January 30, 2008).
3381:"IGN Presents the History of Sega"
3345:Fahs, Travis (September 9, 2010).
3226:"IGN Presents the History of SEGA"
2863:from the original on 22 March 2018
2853:"Behind the Design: Phantasy Star"
2832:from the original on 20 April 2016
2798:from the original on 23 March 2016
2698:from the original on June 10, 2017
2530:"IGN Presents the History of SEGA"
2300:from the original on April 7, 2020
1897:Horowitz, Ken (October 17, 2006).
1528:Nihon kikai seizō kabushiki gaisha
1442:Sega Networks created, then merged
1265:series. Sega of America purchased
998:AM9 / R&D #9 (previously CS4)
987:AM8 / R&D #8 (previously CS3)
976:AM7 / R&D #7 (previously CS2)
965:AM6 / R&D #6 (previously CS1)
365:of Sega in 1984 with backing from
24:
5130:"Sega acquires Two Point Studios"
5128:Sinclair, Brendan (May 9, 2019).
4886:from the original on May 10, 2015
4860:from the original on May 10, 2015
4823:from the original on May 18, 2015
4591:from the original on May 18, 2015
4559:from the original on May 18, 2015
4519:from the original on May 18, 2015
4507:"SEGA acquires Creative Assembly"
4363:Hirohiko Niizumi (June 1, 2004).
4275:from the original on June 8, 2015
3896:Kolan, Patrick (August 7, 2007).
3491:Kennedy, Sam (January 29, 2008).
3056:from the original on July 9, 2018
3020:The History of Sonic the Hedgehog
2916:Horowitz, Ken (January 5, 2012).
2894:from the original on 17 June 2018
2851:Horowitz, Ken (6 December 2017).
2561:Grazza, Brian (October 5, 2017).
1580:. September 5, 1960. p. 71.
1009:AM10 (previously Digital Studio)
34:User:Red Phoenix/sandbox/Amy Rose
4641:Lien, Tracy (January 24, 2013).
4587:. Gamer Network. April 4, 2006.
3837:from the original on May 2, 2014
3453:. October 2000. pp. 68–78.
2882:Horowitz, Ken (5 January 2012).
2768:. October 2000. pp. 68–78.
2720:"Power Profiles: Rieko Kodama".
2686:Horowitz, Ken (August 6, 2004).
2284:Fahey, Rob (December 18, 2003).
2230:from the original on May 2, 2012
2216:Battelle, John (December 1993).
1202:Sato's presidency of the company
810:Other North American development
635:
626:
429:. He also worked as director on
212:golden age of arcade video games
206:-based arcade game manufacturer
4702:Phillips, Tom (April 5, 2013).
4612:"Is PlaySega Worth Your Money?"
4505:Bramwell, Tom (March 9, 2005).
4247:. January 2016. pp. 96–99.
4178:from the original on 2015-01-17
4097:from the original on 2015-01-17
4047:Noble, McKinley (May 6, 2009).
3823:Lamosca, Adam (June 24, 2007).
3698:. July 21, 2008. Archived from
3654:Provo, Frank (August 8, 2000).
3379:Fahs, Travis (April 21, 2009).
3316:"New Management for Sega's AM2"
3224:Fahs, Travis (April 21, 2009).
2649:. April 4, 2003. Archived from
2528:Fahs, Travis (April 21, 2009).
2071:. July 4, 1981. pp. 41–42.
910:R&D Department Designation
814:Some time after the release of
459:, and directed his first game,
351:downturn in the arcade business
98:jukeboxes and pinball games by
4842:Harris, Jake (June 28, 2012).
4618:. GatewayBlend Entertainment.
4425:Fahey, Rob (October 4, 2004).
3414:"9.9.99, A Dreamcast Memorial"
51:and publisher, was founded as
1:
4322:"Sega-AM2 gets new president"
4263:Doree, Adam (July 25, 2013).
3075:Curtis, Tom (April 4, 2012).
1810:それは「ポン」から始まった-アーケードTVゲームの成り立ち
1435:'s intellectual property and
560:Hired as a graphic designer,
507:graphics and sprite-scaling.
453:was hired on as a tester for
63:to Japan and manufacturer of
40:Sega research and development
4968:. Chris Kerr. 4 March 2016.
4394:Fahey, Rob (June 29, 2004).
1019:AM2 of CRI (previously AM2)
885:Sega PC, headed by Shun Arai
591:Kodama was the director for
380:in 1983 and II in 1984, the
181:Sega/Gremlin era (1978-1983)
5154:Wales, Matt (May 9, 2019).
4880:"SEGA Mobile Game Closures"
4805:Rose, Mike (May 11, 2012).
4059:. p. 3. Archived from
2586:, p. 100-102, 112-114.
2249:Sato (September 18, 2013).
1527:
1502:
1476:
1274:'s bankruptcy, Sega bought
804:is founded in North America
169:transistor-transistor logic
151:Gulf and Western Industries
121:personally. As a result of
47:, a Japanese multinational
5188:
4905:Rao, Chloi (May 8, 2015).
4348:: CS1 maint: url-status (
3102:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2941:: CS1 maint: url-status (
2918:"Sega Stars: Naoto Ōshima"
2884:"Sega Stars: Naoto Ōshima"
2688:"Sega Stars: Rieko Kodama"
2050:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1968:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1922:: CS1 maint: url-status (
1311:Sega Studios San Francisco
1251:was also formed by former
753:Technological developments
571:Alex Kidd in Miracle World
26:Link to IAManagement Bot:
3148:Harris, Blake J. (2014).
1899:"Sega Stars: Hideki Sato"
1797:– via Shmuplations.
1726:– via Shmuplations.
1518:
1493:
1467:
729:. Naka's prototype was a
717:(1991) originated with a
568:, and she also worked on
32:Temporary sub-sandbox at
3443:"Sega's new beginning".
2758:"Sega's new beginning".
2603:. 2002. pp. 20–23.
1876:. 2002. pp. 16–19.
1313:, Sega Studios Australia
1164:football series and its
802:Sega Technical Institute
749:for the game's release.
684:, which he and composer
648:co-creators: programmer
2505:McFarland & Company
2150:(subscription required)
1633:McFarland & Company
1551:McFarland & Company
1391:In 2019, Sega acquired
92:publicly traded company
3859:was $ 47 million: See
3154:. New York, New York:
2818:"The Making of OutRun"
2499:Horowitz, Ken (2018).
2180:"Rosen Departs Sega".
1808:Akagi, Masumi (2005).
1771:(in Japanese). Tokyo:
1700:(in Japanese). Tokyo:
1627:Horowitz, Ken (2018).
1545:Horowitz, Ken (2018).
1295:DigitalRex and AM Plus
1094:The Typing of the Dead
1041:CSK Research Institute
807:Sega Multimedia Studio
613:as the "First Lady of
195:
57:Sega Enterprises, Ltd.
3539:. November 29, 2001.
2788:"名作アルバム - 『ガールズガーデン』"
2643:"名作アルバム -『ファンタシースター』"
2155:The McClatchy Company
1745:(December 23, 1996).
1674:(December 23, 1996).
1135:in its modern form),
1129:non-player characters
882:STI collapses in 1996
313:New hires, including
188:
4999:. Steel Media, LLC.
3863:"GDC: The Future of
3557:is a work of genius.
2338:– via Sega-16.
1447:Ryu Ga Gotoku studio
1247:. In the same year,
1234:Take-Two Interactive
1001:United Game Artists
670:In 1983, programmer
604:Sonic the Hedgehog 2
108:Midway Manufacturing
49:video game developer
4271:. Superglobal Ltd.
4063:on January 28, 2010
3987:on December 3, 2000
3902:: Through the Ages"
3424:on February 1, 2014
2597:Sega Arcade History
2567:Hardcore Gaming 101
2157:. August 27, 1983.
2040:. pp. 1, 8–20.
1870:Sega Arcade History
1768:Sega Arcade History
1697:Sega Arcade History
1445:CS Studios return (
1407:Relic Entertainment
1307:Sega Sports R&D
1276:Relic Entertainment
1226:Sega Sammy Holdings
1123:." Incorporating a
1059:United Game Artists
1022:SEGA-AM2 Co., Ltd.
906:
834:United Game Artists
501:arcade system board
321:, Rikiya Nakagawa,
307:Sega DD 1, 2, and 3
194:, released in 1983.
61:coin-operated games
53:Nihon Goraku Bussan
5065:. September 2016.
3129:on August 22, 2004
2968:on August 22, 2004
2826:Imagine Publishing
2629:, p. 153-157.
2507:. pp. 92–97.
2324:Dreamcast Magazine
2115:The New York Times
1415:Three Rings Design
1398:Two Point Hospital
1375:Three Rings Design
1362:with a version of
1345:corporate spin-off
1322:Sports Interactive
1303:Sega Racing Studio
1257:Sports Interactive
1249:Sega Racing Studio
1004:Tetsuya Mizuguchi
949:Toshihiro Nagoshi
924:Wow Entertainment
904:
714:Sonic the Hedgehog
711:. The gameplay of
646:Sonic the Hedgehog
600:Sonic the Hedgehog
378:video game console
278:and its 1983 game
208:Gremlin Industries
196:
167:utilized discrete
5134:GamesIndustry.biz
4712:. Gamer Network.
4515:. Gamer Network.
4431:Gamesindustry.biz
4402:. Gamer Network.
4400:GamesIndustry.biz
3781:. July 13, 1999.
3165:978-0-06-227669-8
2828:. 29 April 2016.
2747:on June 27, 2008.
2610:978-4-7577-0790-0
2471:. Gamer Network.
2428:Future Publishing
2290:Gamesindustry.biz
2141:"The Bottom Line"
2012:, pp. 18–24.
1883:978-4-7577-0790-0
1437:Two Point Studios
1426:Index Corporation
1393:Two Point Studios
1365:Super Monkey Ball
1341:Index Corporation
1330:AM3 folds in 2009
1326:Amplitude Studios
1318:Creative Assembly
1301:Rise and fall of
1281:Company of Heroes
1238:Creative Assembly
1222:Sammy Corporation
1220:During mid-2004,
1079:WOW Entertainment
1029:
1028:
946:Amusement Vision
932:AM3 / R&D #3
921:AM1 / R&D #1
798:Sega CD continues
793:Tetsuya Mizuguchi
781:Toshihiro Nagoshi
735:Hirokazu Yasuhara
686:Hiroshi Kawaguchi
550:G-LOC: Air Battle
503:, which utilized
447:Heavyweight Champ
426:Doki Doki Penguin
392:Significant hires
384:in 1985, and the
363:management buyout
331:Tetsuya Mizuguchi
286:Ikegami Tsushinki
5179:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5151:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5059:
5053:
5052:
5046:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4958:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4802:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4465:
4459:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4347:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4260:
4249:
4248:
4243:. No. 150.
4234:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4218:. August 1, 2001
4206:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4079:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3955:
3931:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3651:
3639:"Retro Reviews:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3550:
3548:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3503:. Archived from
3488:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3440:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3420:. Archived from
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3261:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3238:. Archived from
3221:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3125:. Archived from
3114:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3015:
3006:
3005:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2964:. Archived from
2953:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2890:. Ken Horowitz.
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2859:. Ken Horowitz.
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2743:. Archived from
2732:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2683:
2672:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2653:on April 7, 2016
2639:
2630:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2426:. No. 163.
2417:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2151:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2086:. December 1982.
2079:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2037:San Diego Reader
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1739:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1635:. pp. 3–6.
1624:
1615:
1614:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1553:. pp. 3–6.
1542:
1532:
1530:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1495:
1494:株式会社セガ・エンタープライゼズ
1487:
1481:
1479:
1469:
1461:
1411:Demiurge Studios
1379:Demiurge Studios
1278:, known for its
1262:Football Manager
1259:, known for its
1240:, known for its
1141:platforming game
1133:Quick-time event
1110:Ecco the Dolphin
1083:Amusement Vision
927:Rikiya Nakagawa
907:
893:Amusement Vision
639:
630:
587:Phantasy Star II
557:arcade cabinet.
361:and completed a
153:, Sega released
127:
18:User:Red Phoenix
5187:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5175:
5165:
5163:
5162:. Gamer Network
5153:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5136:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5105:
5098:
5096:
5089:"Archived copy"
5087:
5086:
5082:
5072:
5070:
5061:
5060:
5056:
5039:
5032:
5030:
5023:"Archived copy"
5021:
5020:
5016:
5006:
5004:
4997:PocketGamer.biz
4990:
4989:
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4975:
4973:
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4903:
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4854:CBS Interactive
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4504:
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4499:
4489:
4487:
4480:CBS Interactive
4467:
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4135:
4127:
4125:
4108:
4100:
4098:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4066:
4064:
4051:Sonic Adventure
4046:
4045:
4041:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3990:
3988:
3975:Sonic Adventure
3971:
3970:
3966:
3953:
3951:
3938:Sonic Adventure
3933:
3932:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3880:
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3860:
3854:
3850:
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3786:
3773:
3772:
3768:
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3742:
3741:
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3713:
3705:
3703:
3702:on May 27, 2012
3690:
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3618:
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3520:
3510:
3508:
3507:on May 16, 2007
3490:
3489:
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3471:
3470:
3466:
3449:. No. 89.
3442:
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3206:
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3158:. p. 386.
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2799:
2794:(in Japanese).
2786:
2785:
2781:
2764:. No. 89.
2757:
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2711:
2701:
2699:
2685:
2684:
2675:
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2641:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2599:(in Japanese).
2595:
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2582:
2578:
2569:. Kurt Kalata.
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2392:
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2355:Next Generation
2348:
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2303:
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2042:
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2028:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1977:
1960:
1953:
1951:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1914:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1872:(in Japanese).
1868:
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1827:
1820:
1807:
1806:
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1792:
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1760:
1752:Next Generation
1741:
1740:
1731:
1721:
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1712:
1694:
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1689:
1681:Next Generation
1670:
1669:
1665:
1657:
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1626:
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1513:
1509:
1488:
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1462:
1458:
1453:
1337:
1231:
1218:
1206:Visual Concepts
1146:Sonic Adventure
1045:CSK Corporation
1039:In April 2000,
1033:Visual Concepts
982:Noriyoshi Ohba
902:
824:
768:
755:
668:
667:
666:
665:
642:
641:
640:
632:
631:
576:Ninja Princess.
566:Champion Boxing
486:Champion Boxing
436:Super Monaco GP
394:
367:CSK Corporation
346:
304:
294:, developed by
183:
125:
83:
42:
36:
22:
21:
20:
12:
11:
5:
5185:
5183:
5174:
5173:
5146:
5120:
5080:
5054:
5014:
4983:
4953:
4923:
4897:
4871:
4834:
4797:
4760:
4727:
4694:
4664:
4633:
4610:Rigney, Ryan.
4602:
4570:
4530:
4497:
4460:
4448:
4417:
4386:
4355:
4330:. July 8, 2003
4313:
4286:
4250:
4229:
4201:
4189:
4074:
4039:
4030:, p. 370.
4020:
4001:
3964:
3923:
3888:
3848:
3815:
3806:, p. 406.
3796:
3779:, the History"
3766:
3735:
3683:
3631:
3616:
3598:
3561:
3518:
3497:HD (Xbox 360)"
3483:
3464:
3435:
3404:
3368:
3334:
3306:
3297:, p. 581.
3287:
3253:
3216:
3196:
3171:
3164:
3140:
3117:Kennedy, Sam.
3109:
3067:
3035:
3029:978-1926778563
3028:
3022:. Pix'n Love.
3007:
2979:
2956:Kennedy, Sam.
2948:
2905:
2874:
2843:
2809:
2779:
2750:
2727:
2722:Nintendo Power
2709:
2673:
2631:
2616:
2609:
2588:
2576:
2553:
2520:
2513:
2486:
2453:
2433:
2409:
2385:
2383:, p. 135.
2373:
2341:
2311:
2276:
2241:
2208:
2199:, p. 343.
2189:
2172:
2132:
2101:
2089:
2084:Arcade Express
2074:
2057:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1975:
1950:. May 24, 2001
1929:
1889:
1882:
1861:
1849:
1837:
1825:
1819:978-4990251208
1818:
1800:
1781:
1758:
1729:
1710:
1687:
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1648:
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1591:
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1536:
1534:
1533:
1507:
1482:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1429:
1422:
1417:, creation of
1339:Also in 2013,
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1314:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1121:Chinese cinema
1027:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
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1005:
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875:
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849:
846:
845:
844:
830:
828:Team Andromeda
823:
820:
812:
811:
808:
805:
799:
796:
795:, Kenji Sasaki
789:
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774:
767:
764:
763:
762:
759:
754:
751:
644:
643:
634:
633:
625:
624:
623:
622:
621:
611:Nintendo Power
406:Alien Syndrome
400:Ninja Princess
393:
390:
359:Hayao Nakayama
344:
343:
340:
337:
334:
311:
308:
303:
300:
200:microprocessor
182:
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82:
79:
41:
38:
23:
15:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5084:
5081:
5068:
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5058:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5028:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5007:September 11,
5002:
4998:
4994:
4987:
4984:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4912:
4908:
4901:
4898:
4885:
4882:. Sega Blog.
4881:
4875:
4872:
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4855:
4851:
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4781:
4777:
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4771:
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4738:
4731:
4728:
4715:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4698:
4695:
4682:
4678:
4677:gamasutra.com
4674:
4668:
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4613:
4606:
4603:
4590:
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4549:
4544:
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4514:
4513:
4508:
4501:
4498:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4464:
4461:
4458:, pp. 253-257
4457:
4456:Horowitz 2018
4452:
4449:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4387:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4359:
4356:
4351:
4345:
4329:
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4317:
4314:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4287:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4233:
4230:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4199:, pp. 246-247
4198:
4197:Horowitz 2018
4193:
4190:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4113:
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4088:
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4078:
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4058:
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4052:
4043:
4040:
4035:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3986:
3982:
3981:Game Informer
3978:
3976:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3911:
3907:
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3800:
3797:
3784:
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3767:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3716:Game Informer
3701:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3659:
3650:
3646:
3645:Game Informer
3642:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3626:Game Informer
3620:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3608:Game Informer
3602:
3599:
3586:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3556:
3542:
3538:
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3532:
3530:
3522:
3519:
3506:
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3498:
3496:
3487:
3484:
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3475:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3439:
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3415:
3408:
3405:
3392:
3388:
3387:
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3348:
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3310:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3242:on 2012-08-24
3241:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3156:HarperCollins
3153:
3152:
3144:
3141:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3084:
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3039:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2993:Game Informer
2986:
2984:
2980:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2952:
2949:
2944:
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2923:
2919:
2912:
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2810:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2783:
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2763:
2762:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2627:Horowitz 2018
2623:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:Horowitz 2018
2580:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2514:9781476631967
2510:
2506:
2502:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:. p. 61.
2429:
2425:
2424:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2381:Horowitz 2018
2377:
2374:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2299:
2295:
2294:Gamer Network
2291:
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2256:
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2245:
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2225:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2184:
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2173:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2097:Horowitz 2018
2093:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2024:, p. 43.
2023:
2022:Horowitz 2018
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:Horowitz 2018
2006:
2003:
1999:
1998:Horowitz 2018
1994:
1991:
1987:
1986:Horowitz 2018
1982:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:Horowitz 2018
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:Horowitz 2018
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:Horowitz 2018
1829:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1793:September 11,
1788:
1784:
1782:9784757707900
1778:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1762:
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1722:September 11,
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1713:
1711:9784757707900
1707:
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1699:
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1659:Horowitz 2018
1655:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1642:9781476631967
1638:
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1560:9781476631967
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960:Kenji Sasaki
959:
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948:
945:
942:
941:
938:Hisao Oguchi
937:
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913:Company name
912:
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736:
732:
731:platform game
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
710:
708:
703:
699:
698:Phantasy Star
695:
694:Naoto Ohshima
691:
690:Phantasy Star
687:
683:
682:
681:Girl's Garden
677:
673:
663:
659:
658:Naoto Ohshima
656:) and artist
655:
651:
647:
638:
629:
620:
619:
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612:
608:
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583:
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581:Phantasy Star
577:
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558:
556:
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516:
515:
514:Space Harrier
510:
506:
502:
499:
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488:
487:
482:
479:in 1983 as a
478:
474:
470:
468:
464:
463:
462:Altered Beast
458:
457:
452:
451:Makoto Uchida
448:
444:
443:
438:
437:
433:, as well as
432:
428:
427:
422:
421:Master System
418:
414:
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408:
407:
402:
401:
391:
389:
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382:Master System
379:
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147:
144:
143:Killer Shark—
140:
134:
132:
124:
120:
118:
111:
109:
105:
102:, as well as
101:
97:
93:
89:
80:
78:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:slot machines
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
37:
35:
30:
29:
19:
5164:. Retrieved
5159:
5149:
5137:. Retrieved
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5123:
5097:. Retrieved
5083:
5071:. Retrieved
5057:
5031:. Retrieved
5017:
5005:. Retrieved
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4986:
4974:. Retrieved
4965:
4956:
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4935:
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4914:. Retrieved
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4862:. Retrieved
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4837:
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4763:
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4685:. Retrieved
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4667:
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4636:
4624:. Retrieved
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4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4546:
4521:. Retrieved
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4488:. Retrieved
4473:
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4439:. Retrieved
4430:
4420:
4408:. Retrieved
4399:
4389:
4379:November 16,
4377:. Retrieved
4368:
4358:
4332:. Retrieved
4325:
4316:
4304:. Retrieved
4302:(in Italian)
4299:
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4268:
4238:
4232:
4220:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4192:
4180:. Retrieved
4171:
4168:(Dreamcast)"
4165:
4153:. Retrieved
4144:
4141:(Dreamcast)"
4138:
4126:. Retrieved
4117:
4114:(Dreamcast)"
4111:
4099:. Retrieved
4090:
4087:(Dreamcast)"
4084:
4077:
4065:. Retrieved
4061:the original
4056:
4050:
4042:
4023:
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3985:the original
3980:
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3937:
3914:. Retrieved
3905:
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3879:. Retrieved
3870:
3864:
3856:
3851:
3839:. Retrieved
3830:The Escapist
3828:
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3787:. Retrieved
3776:
3769:
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3748:
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3269:
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3127:the original
3112:
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2966:the original
2951:
2925:. Retrieved
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2877:
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2651:the original
2646:
2596:
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2533:
2523:
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2479:December 24,
2477:. Retrieved
2466:
2456:
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2421:
2401:. Retrieved
2397:
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2376:
2364:. Retrieved
2353:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2323:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2289:
2279:
2269:November 23,
2267:. Retrieved
2254:
2244:
2232:. Retrieved
2221:
2211:
2192:
2181:
2175:
2163:. Retrieved
2144:
2135:
2125:November 27,
2123:. Retrieved
2114:
2104:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2066:
2060:
2035:
2029:
2017:
2005:
1993:
1952:. Retrieved
1943:Taipei Times
1941:
1932:
1906:. Retrieved
1902:
1892:
1869:
1864:
1859:, p. 7.
1852:
1840:
1828:
1809:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1767:
1761:
1750:
1743:Rosen, David
1720:. Retrieved
1696:
1690:
1679:
1672:Rosen, David
1666:
1628:
1600:
1594:
1575:
1569:
1546:
1540:
1510:
1485:
1459:
1452:
1431:Purchase of
1405:Purchase of
1396:
1390:
1383:
1363:
1360:iTunes Store
1357:
1353:
1338:
1279:
1267:Secret Level
1260:
1242:
1230:
1219:
1181:
1177:Virtua Cop 3
1175:
1173:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1136:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1073:, Sega AM2,
1055:
1050:Aero Dancing
1048:
1038:
1030:
1012:Wave Master
872:), later AM8
865:), later AM7
858:), later AM6
815:
813:
779:- including
712:
706:
697:
689:
679:
675:
669:
661:
653:
645:
618:
607:
603:
599:
592:
585:
579:
575:
569:
565:
562:Rieko Kodama
559:
548:
542:
539:After Burner
538:
534:
530:
526:Enduro Racer
524:
518:
512:
508:
498:Super Scaler
490:
484:
471:
460:
456:After Burner
454:
446:
440:
434:
430:
424:
417:Hisao Oguchi
410:
404:
398:
395:
386:Sega Genesis
348:
345:
327:Hisao Oguchi
323:Rieko Kodama
289:
279:
273:
263:
257:
252:
249:
242:
236:
230:
224:
219:
216:
197:
190:
172:
164:
158:
154:
148:
142:
138:
135:
130:
122:
115:
112:
84:
72:
56:
52:
43:
31:
25:
5099:October 18,
5073:October 18,
5033:October 18,
4946:19 February
4742:Destructoid
4687:October 18,
4657:January 24,
4616:CinemaBlend
4240:Retro Gamer
4182:November 5,
4155:November 5,
4128:November 5,
4101:November 5,
4067:November 4,
4011:Retro Gamer
3991:November 4,
3977:-Dreamcast"
3954:November 4,
3916:October 26,
3881:November 5,
3841:October 26,
3789:October 26,
3759:October 29,
3706:October 24,
3676:October 24,
3591:October 24,
3547:November 5,
3480:(9): 82–99.
3397:October 31,
3361:October 31,
3280:October 29,
3182:Retro Gamer
2802:24 December
2665:Translation
2546:February 6,
2423:Retro Gamer
2165:October 10,
2099:, pp. 59-65
1988:, pp. 14–17
1847:, pp. 14-17
1253:Codemasters
990:Sonic Team
957:Sega Rosso
816:Power Drift
783:being hired
676:Road Runner
544:Power Drift
431:Super Derby
369:, owned by
281:Congo Bongo
88:David Rosen
4976:17 January
4553:Ziff Davis
4300:ScreenWeek
4245:Future plc
4172:Metacritic
4145:Metacritic
4118:Metacritic
4091:Metacritic
3451:Future plc
3236:Ziff Davis
3088:August 21,
2927:August 21,
2766:Future plc
2601:Enterbrain
2403:2015-05-17
2255:Siliconera
2234:October 9,
1954:August 21,
1908:August 21,
1874:Enterbrain
1773:Enterbrain
1702:Enterbrain
1519:日本機械製造株式会社
1468:日本娯楽物産株式会社
1433:Technosoft
1424:Sega buys
1386:Technosoft
1075:Sonic Team
1025:Yu Suzuki
993:Yuji Naka
979:Overworks
971:Shun Arai
870:Sonic Team
841:Sega Rosso
747:Sonic Team
739:prehensile
727:dot matrix
481:programmer
442:Rad Mobile
412:Choplifter
371:Isao Okawa
310:Studio 128
238:Eliminator
232:Space Fury
131:Jet Rocket
5160:Eurogamer
4966:Gamasutra
4812:Gamasutra
4780:Vox Media
4709:Eurogamer
4584:Eurogamer
4512:Eurogamer
4441:March 31,
4306:March 31,
4279:March 31,
4222:March 31,
4215:Gamasutra
4028:Mott 2013
4017:(26): 27.
3804:Mott 2013
3749:Gamasutra
3722:Alex Kidd
3580:Eurogamer
3459:1350-1593
3327:March 31,
3295:Kent 2001
3270:Gamasutra
3191:1742-3155
3082:Gamasutra
3049:Gamasutra
3002:1067-6392
2774:1350-1593
2468:Eurogamer
2259:Curse LLC
2197:Kent 2001
2046:cite news
1964:cite news
1948:Bloomberg
1835:, p. 8–11
1611:0008-7289
1586:0006-2510
1577:Billboard
1419:Hardlight
1371:Hardlight
1243:Total War
1151:Adventure
1125:simulated
1071:Overworks
968:Smilebit
935:Hitmaker
863:Overworks
719:tech demo
672:Yuji Naka
650:Yuji Naka
473:Yu Suzuki
319:Yuji Naka
315:Yu Suzuki
253:Monaco GP
204:San Diego
165:Pong-Tron
155:Pong-Tron
123:Periscope
117:Periscope
104:gun games
74:Periscope
69:jukeboxes
5109:cite web
5093:Archived
5067:Archived
5043:cite web
5027:Archived
5001:Archived
4970:Archived
4940:Archived
4884:Archived
4858:Archived
4849:GameSpot
4821:Archived
4784:Archived
4747:Archived
4720:April 5,
4714:Archived
4681:Archived
4651:Archived
4620:Archived
4589:Archived
4557:Archived
4517:Archived
4484:Archived
4475:GameSpot
4435:Archived
4410:July 11,
4404:Archived
4373:Archived
4369:GameSpot
4344:cite web
4327:GameSpot
4273:Archived
4176:Archived
4149:Archived
4122:Archived
4095:Archived
3948:Archived
3910:Archived
3875:Archived
3835:Archived
3783:Archived
3753:Archived
3726:Segagaga
3670:Archived
3665:GameSpot
3585:Archived
3541:Archived
3391:Archived
3355:Archived
3321:GameSpot
3274:Archived
3246:July 29,
3133:March 8,
3098:cite web
3054:Archived
2972:March 8,
2937:cite web
2892:Archived
2867:21 March
2861:Archived
2830:Archived
2822:NowGamer
2796:Archived
2702:March 4,
2696:Archived
2669:archived
2657:March 4,
2571:Archived
2563:"OutRun"
2540:Archived
2473:Archived
2366:April 1,
2334:April 7,
2328:Archived
2304:April 7,
2298:Archived
2263:Archived
2228:Archived
2159:Archived
2147:NewsBank
2119:Archived
1918:cite web
1787:Archived
1775:. 2002.
1716:Archived
1704:. 2002.
1515:Japanese
1490:Japanese
1464:Japanese
1183:OutRun 2
1104:Segagaga
1067:Smilebit
1063:Hitmaker
878:SegaSoft
856:Smilebit
787:Sega AM3
777:Sega AM2
772:Sega AM1
702:Nintendo
553:and the
467:Shanghai
296:Coreland
226:Carnival
100:Williams
96:Rock-Ola
4936:Polygon
4916:May 10,
4817:UBM plc
4775:Polygon
4647:Polygon
4626:May 31,
4548:1UP.com
4166:NBA 2K2
4139:NBA 2K1
4112:NFL 2K2
4085:NFL 2K1
4057:GamePro
3900:Shenmue
3865:Shenmue
3857:Shenmue
3777:Shenmue
3731:sunset.
3660:Review"
3531:Review"
3501:1UP.com
3418:1UP.com
3123:1UP.com
3060:July 9,
2962:1UP.com
2922:Sega-16
2898:17 June
2888:Sega-16
2857:Sega-16
2836:8 April
2741:GameSpy
2692:Sega-16
2398:sega.jp
2183:Cashbox
2068:Cashbox
2000:, p. 56
1903:Sega-16
1602:Cashbox
1523:Hepburn
1498:Hepburn
1472:Hepburn
1137:Shenmue
1116:Shenmue
535:Out Run
531:Hang-On
520:Out Run
509:Hang-On
492:Hang-On
475:joined
375:SG-1000
339:Sega CD
265:Frogger
220:Head On
139:Missile
5166:May 9,
5139:May 9,
4890:May 9,
4864:May 7,
4827:May 7,
4790:May 7,
4753:May 7,
4595:May 7,
4563:May 7,
4523:May 7,
4490:May 7,
4334:May 7,
4269:Kikizo
3658:Seaman
3641:Seaman
3457:
3189:
3162:
3026:
3000:
2772:
2607:
2511:
1880:
1816:
1779:
1708:
1661:, p. 7
1639:
1609:
1584:
1557:
1413:, and
1377:, and
1245:series
1167:NBA 2K
1161:NFL 2K
1101:, and
1099:Seaman
723:sprite
709:series
523:, and
505:16-bit
445:, and
409:, and
275:Zaxxon
270:Konami
2223:Wired
1349:Atlus
1156:Sonic
868:CS3 (
861:CS2 (
854:CS1 (
743:Sonic
707:Mario
662:right
355:Bally
291:Pengo
268:from
259:Turbo
126:'
16:<
5168:2019
5141:2019
5115:link
5101:2018
5075:2018
5049:link
5035:2018
5009:2018
4978:2017
4948:2015
4918:2015
4892:2015
4866:2015
4829:2015
4792:2015
4755:2015
4722:2013
4689:2018
4659:2013
4628:2015
4597:2015
4565:2015
4525:2015
4492:2015
4443:2020
4412:2018
4381:2016
4350:link
4336:2020
4308:2020
4281:2020
4224:2020
4184:2014
4161:cf.
4157:2014
4134:cf.
4130:2014
4107:cf.
4103:2014
4069:2014
4034:help
3993:2014
3956:2014
3918:2014
3883:2014
3843:2014
3810:help
3791:2014
3761:2014
3712:cf.
3708:2014
3696:Edge
3678:2014
3652:cf.
3593:2014
3549:2014
3536:Edge
3513:2016
3455:ISSN
3446:Edge
3430:2016
3399:2014
3363:2014
3329:2020
3301:help
3282:2014
3248:2015
3210:Edge
3187:ISSN
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