34:
part of the subgroup of
Polynesian languages. There are nearly five thousand Tokelauan speakers. More than half of the speakers reside in New Zealand, about thirty percent live in either Atafu, Nukuonono, or Fakaofo, and the minority live in Australia (geographically close to New Zealand) and states in the United States that touch the Pacific Ocean (Hawaii and other western states part of the mainland). Since Tokelau lies very close to Samoa, it is common to think that the Tokelauan language has some Samoan language influences, but due to the lack in extensive documentation, it is inaccurate to assume such a thing. Tokelauan was still only considered to be a spoken language up until the 1960s. During the '60s schools began teaches their peoples how to read and write their own language. Short works were also produced in Tokelauan. Additionally, it was common for adults to be fluent in Samoan and Tokelauan.
45:
be short or long. Moreover, vowels are lengthened for a more expressive statement. To indicate whether a vowel is read short or long, Tokelauan language denotes a long vowel with a macron over the letter symbol. A macron is a horizontal line, also seen in
English. However, it is worthwhile to note that not all Tokelauan speaking peoples agree with the use of the macron. Those residing in the three atolls of Tokelau are known to have shown much resistance to the macron, while the Tokelauan speakers of New Zealand are more open and accepting of adopting the use of this linguistic symbol.
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219:
59:
Similarly to
English, for each clause in Tokelauan there is a predicate. There are five types of predicates including: verbal, locative, existential, possessive, and nominal. Each predicate is available for an interrogative and declarative statement, and can also have multiple predicates conjoined.
33:
Tokelau is a dependency of New
Zealand and has three main parts: Atafu atoll, Nukunono atoll, and Fakaofo atoll. Together these three atolls lay roughly about seven hundred fifty miles away from Samoa. Tokelau's language, Tokelauan, belongs to the Austronesian language family and is considered to be
44:
When
Tokelauan became more than just a spoken language, like any other written language the peoples developed an alphabet. The Tokelauan alphabet consists of fifteen letters with five vowels and ten consonants. The alphabet is ordered in the following way: aeiou fgklmnphtv. Like English, vowels can
416:
Tokelauan is mutually intelligible with the
Tuvaluan language. Samoan literature is recognised mostly due to the early introduction of Christian Samoan missionaries to which the Samoan language was held as the language of instruction at school and at church . It also has marked similarities to the
48:
Although there is not a lot of available systemic data for
Tokelauan word stressing, linguistics have developed three rules relating word stress and vowels based upon some previous evidence. The first rule is that a long vowel will receive the main stress. Secondly, with some exceptions to rule
105:
I assigned the
Grammatical Mood article to myself. I intend on adding the Tokelauan rules for subjunctive, conditional, optative, imperative, and other types of moods. I have just requested the Studies in Tokelauan syntax by Robin Hooper to source my research.
49:
number one, the second to last vowel would be the main stress (if the long vowel is not the main stress). And thirdly, words do not lose their normal stress when compounded with another word. Furthermore, monosyllabic grammatical morphemes are left unstressed.
344:
and other
Polynesian languages. Tokelauan has a co-official status with English in Tokelau . There are approximately 4,260 speakers of Tokelauan, of whom 2,100 live in New Zealand, 1,400 in Tokelau, and 17 in Swains Island.
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Its alphabet consists of 5 vowels: a (pronounced: /a/), e (pronounced: /e/), i (pronounced: /i/), o (pronounced: /o/) and u (pronounced: /u/);
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It is spoken by about 1,070 people on the atolls of
Tokelau, and by the few inhabitants of
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605:"Te Vaka" – A popular New Zealand music group that sings in the Tokelauan language
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523:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International. pp. 98–99.
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and 10 consonants: f, ŋ (spelled as "g"), k, l, m, n, p, h, t, v.
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17 in Swains Island, 2,100 elsewhere, mostly New Zealand (no date)
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Long vowels are marked with a macron above them: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū
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FOR CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC/ FIND YOUR SOURCES ASSIGNMENT:
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336:in American Samoa. It is closely related to
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484:Tokelau, Tuvalu#Linguistic background
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471:There are no airplanes in Tokelau.
1185:? indicates classification dispute
563:The Linguistics Student’s Handbook
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412:Affinities with other languages
97:'The pastor is in the church.'
1252:Federated States of Micronesia
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468:E hēai ni vakalele i Tokelau.
387:. Its ISO 639-3 code is tkl.
355:from English into Tokelauan.
148:(1,400 in Tokelau cited 1987)
1182:* indicates proposed status
395:Tokelauan is written in the
1094:Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan)
521:Studies in Tokelauan syntax
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452:Ko toku nena e i Nukunonu.
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819:Central Pacific languages
777:New Zealand Sign Language
340:and distantly related to
212:Official language in
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371:. It is a member of the
95:E i te faleha te faifeau
1363:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1089:Futunan (East Futunan)
1079:Wallisian (East Uvean)
842:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
519:Hooper, Robin (1994).
1346:and other territories
1233:Languages of Oceania
675:Indigenous languages
645:Realm of New Zealand
561:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
463:Hello, how are you?
460:Malo ni, ea mai koe?
377:Polynesian languages
28:Tokelauan Background
664:New Zealand English
379:. It is, alongside
326:Polynesian language
84:Locative Predicates
1040:Rakahanga-Manihiki
1035:Cook Islands Māori
725:Rakahanga-Manihiki
710:Cook Islands Māori
447:Shall I come too?
419:Niuafo'ou language
54:Types of Sentences
39:Tokelauan Alphabet
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545:(15th ed., 2005)
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185:Samoan–Tokelauan?
171:Malayo-Polynesian
64:Verbal Predicates
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1373:French Polynesia
1358:Christmas Island
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1267:Marshall Islands
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444:Fanatu au là?
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77:' has gone.'
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18:User:Rrrupley
1344:Dependencies
1330:Cook Islands
1188:† indicates
983:Niuatoputapu
703:Cook Islands
579:. Retrieved
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1277:New Zealand
925:Ontong Java
682:New Zealand
581:January 25,
576:"Tokelauen"
565:, Edinburgh
391:Orthography
385:New Zealand
1109:Rennellese
1084:West Uvean
1010:Mangarevan
903:Polynesian
892:Polynesian
542:Ethnologue
495:References
375:family of
328:spoken in
181:Polynesian
1247:Australia
1156:Niuafo'ou
1119:Mele-Fila
1099:Pukapukan
1045:Tongareva
1030:Tuamotuan
1005:Marquesan
978:Tokelauan
955:Pukapukan
882:Lomaiviti
757:Tokelauan
720:Pukapukan
641:Languages
537:Tokelauan
436:Tokelauan
288:Tokelauan
272:Glottolog
256:ISO 639-3
238:ISO 639-2
189:Tokelauan
115:Tokelauan
1262:Kiribati
1063:Rapa Nui
1015:Tahitian
1000:Hawaiian
930:Nukumanu
920:Sikaiana
915:Tuvaluan
872:Gone Dau
478:See also
439:English
359:Speakers
338:Tuvaluan
279:toke1240
92:Example:
75:Kua fano
72:Example:
1408:Tokelau
1312:Vanuatu
1158: ?
1114:Tikopia
1072:Futunic
1055:Moriori
1020:Austral
993:Eastern
950:Nukuoro
940:Nuguria
901:Nuclear
837:Rotuman
750:Tokelau
715:Penrhyn
694:Moriori
659:English
643:of the
429:Phrases
381:English
332:and on
330:Tokelau
225:Tokelau
176:Oceanic
124:Tokelau
1383:Hawaii
1307:Tuvalu
1151:Niuean
1146:Tongan
1138:Tongic
973:Samoan
965:Samoic
867:Fijian
741:Niuean
373:Samoic
342:Samoan
222:
1302:Tonga
1292:Samoa
1282:Palau
1272:Nauru
1104:Anuta
1050:Māori
935:Takuu
877:Lauan
423:Tonga
353:Bible
324:is a
16:<
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