44:
2362:
1647:
1635:
2350:
1752:
is supported by per-gallon taxes on fuel, acting as a user fee where those who drive more (and thus use more fuel) pay proportionally more for transportation infrastructure. State fuel taxes have a similar user-fee model, including pilot programs that shift from a per-gallon fee to one based upon
1827:
Removing User Fees in the Health Sector in Low-Income
Countries: A Multi-Country Review Bruno Meessen, David Hercot, Mathieu Noirhomme, Valery Ridde, Abdelmajid Tibouti, Abel Bicaba, Christine Kirunga Tashobya and Lucy Gilson / UNICEF,
2254:
1775:. This position is more and more challenged by many people who claim that user fees hurt the poorest the most. Some even argue that they should be free at the point of use.
1790:. Unlike user fees, taxes are paid by a much larger percentage of the population, including those who don't necessarily use or benefit from a specific facility or service.
1807:
1329:
2279:
1853:
2192:
1186:
2224:
1915:
1051:
1046:
1706:
2386:
1400:
993:
219:
1882:
1600:
786:
2284:
1475:
43:
2391:
1677:
1540:
668:
180:
2176:
1001:
754:
1930:
471:
2325:
2259:
653:
249:
2274:
1605:
1324:
1610:
574:
1308:
604:
2354:
1829:
2299:
2289:
2202:
2108:
1768:
1550:
1520:
1744:
and meters for parking on local streets as well as perhaps even parking spaces at public beaches, dump stickers and
2171:
936:
408:
2081:
1905:
1757:
983:
561:
518:
369:
224:
73:
2086:
1875:
1570:
988:
492:
487:
477:
2028:
1778:
The alternative to funding facilities and services with user fees is to fund them with broad-based taxes on
1585:
1525:
1036:
1031:
658:
539:
190:
2197:
2155:
2150:
2033:
1910:
1670:
1495:
1380:
1375:
976:
555:
374:
1810:(Report no. CTS 11-16). Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Center for Transportation Studies
2264:
2128:
1967:
1575:
1500:
1465:
1450:
1370:
1360:
609:
529:
524:
445:
1760:, user fees refer to a system fee for basic health care, education, or other services implemented by a
2294:
2249:
2217:
2212:
2138:
2113:
2069:
1595:
1560:
1535:
1415:
1395:
567:
244:
105:
2365:
2143:
1974:
1925:
1868:
1722:
1695:
1615:
1515:
1510:
1455:
1440:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1365:
1355:
1350:
1334:
1204:
1150:
958:
466:
2269:
2207:
1995:
1984:
1962:
1957:
1946:
1806:
Coyle, David D.; Robinson, Ferrol O.; Zhao, Zhirong (Jerry); Munnich, Lee W. Jr.; Lari, Adeel Z.
1761:
1749:
1590:
1580:
1565:
1555:
1530:
1480:
1445:
1435:
1405:
1390:
1385:
1240:
1155:
948:
912:
833:
712:
68:
430:
2396:
2244:
2118:
2011:
1920:
1771:
often recommends that nations start charging fees for these services in order to reduce their
1714:
1694:
is a fee, tax, or impost payment paid to a facility owner or operator by a facility user as a
1663:
1505:
1490:
1485:
1460:
1410:
1210:
926:
878:
818:
734:
675:
387:
354:
160:
2320:
2315:
2101:
2096:
1979:
1935:
1545:
1470:
1076:
1041:
1021:
838:
806:
680:
534:
285:
2330:
2091:
1808:
From Fuel Taxes to
Mileage-Based User Fees: Rationale, Technology, and Transitional Issues
1639:
1255:
1113:
1108:
848:
811:
722:
687:
589:
513:
349:
309:
275:
185:
175:
170:
165:
83:
2335:
1772:
1745:
1741:
1718:
1702:
1198:
1170:
1145:
1006:
853:
648:
584:
482:
420:
324:
319:
302:
280:
2380:
2074:
2023:
1841:
1710:
1270:
943:
868:
759:
692:
626:
594:
461:
403:
364:
344:
314:
229:
150:
145:
120:
110:
52:
2123:
1787:
1651:
1165:
953:
922:
893:
873:
764:
749:
729:
643:
638:
440:
234:
2006:
1160:
903:
863:
781:
717:
663:
599:
425:
415:
359:
239:
140:
135:
93:
78:
1891:
1779:
1737:
1265:
1235:
1118:
1103:
1026:
963:
931:
883:
858:
843:
744:
739:
707:
633:
339:
334:
155:
115:
61:
2061:
1783:
1729:
1098:
1016:
1011:
702:
697:
508:
435:
125:
2017:
1634:
2133:
2056:
1260:
1228:
917:
828:
823:
796:
769:
579:
329:
270:
265:
98:
17:
1733:
1071:
898:
801:
791:
130:
88:
2038:
1280:
1091:
1086:
1081:
888:
776:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1275:
1250:
1245:
1192:
1064:
1864:
203:
35:
1860:
1852:
Gordon Brown: The next global cause: free education for all;
2255:
International
Conference on Population and Development
995:
1740:. Communities usually have entrance fees for public
2308:
2233:
2185:
2164:
2047:
1993:
1944:
1898:
1713:, there is a charge for walking to the top of the
1876:
1671:
8:
1764:to make up for the costs of these services.
2280:United Nations world population conferences
2193:Population and housing censuses by country
1883:
1869:
1861:
1678:
1664:
1313:
1134:
392:
208:
26:
1701:People pay user fees for the use of many
1187:Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy
1916:Estimates of historical world population
1721:, and to use particular services of the
1840:Great leap forward on free healthcare
1830:UNICEF Programme division working paper
1798:
1342:
1316:
1178:
1137:
547:
500:
453:
395:
257:
211:
34:
1736:or impose a fee on those who camp in
7:
2349:
2285:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
25:
2177:Population and Development Review
1002:Global minimum corporate tax rate
2361:
2360:
2348:
2225:Population concern organizations
1931:Projections of population growth
1645:
1633:
472:Base erosion and profit shifting
42:
2326:Human impact on the environment
2260:Population Action International
250:Optimal capital income taxation
2275:United Nations Population Fund
1703:public services and facilities
1325:List of countries by tax rates
1:
2387:Taxation in the United States
755:Natural resources consumption
1748:. In the United States, the
605:United States as a tax haven
2300:World Population Foundation
2290:World Population Conference
2203:World population milestones
1769:International Monetary Fund
2413:
2172:Population and Environment
519:Offshore financial centres
409:Repatriation tax avoidance
2392:International development
2344:
2082:Human population planning
1906:Demographics of the world
1758:international development
984:Financial transaction tax
74:Property tax equalization
2087:Compulsory sterilization
1698:for using the facility.
1330:Tax revenue to GDP ratio
989:Currency transaction tax
575:Liechtenstein tax affair
2029:Malthusian growth model
1037:Permanent establishment
1032:Exchange of Information
540:Financial Secrecy Index
191:Medical savings account
2156:Zero population growth
2151:Sustainable population
2075:Malthusian catastrophe
2034:Overshoot (population)
1911:Demographic transition
937:Vehicle miles traveled
556:Ireland as a tax haven
370:Private tax collection
2265:Population Connection
2129:Mere addition paradox
1968:Physiological density
1717:, to drive into many
610:Panama as a tax haven
562:Ireland v. Commission
530:Conduit and sink OFCs
525:Offshore magic circle
446:Unreported employment
2295:World Population Day
2250:Church of Euthanasia
2139:Non-identity problem
2114:Political demography
2070:Human overpopulation
1601:United Arab Emirates
1343:Individual Countries
1052:Foreign revenue rule
849:Inheritance (estate)
568:Leprechaun economics
2144:Reproductive rights
1975:Population dynamics
1926:Population momentum
1723:Library of Congress
1696:necessary condition
1640:Business portal
1335:Tax rates in Europe
1205:Tax Justice Network
1151:Dhammika Dharmapala
659:Airport improvement
467:Transfer mispricing
258:Distribution of Tax
30:Part of a series on
2270:Population Matters
1985:Population pyramid
1963:Population density
1958:Population decline
1762:developing country
1750:Highway Trust Fund
1728:States may charge
1241:Eight per thousand
1156:James R. Hines Jr.
1047:European Union FTT
69:Government revenue
2374:
2373:
2245:7 Billion Actions
2119:Population ethics
2012:Carrying capacity
1921:Population growth
1715:Statue of Liberty
1688:
1687:
1623:
1622:
1219:
1218:
1211:Tax Policy Center
959:Negative (income)
735:Environmental tax
617:
616:
535:Financial centres
355:Tax investigation
293:
292:
161:Tax harmonization
16:(Redirected from
2404:
2364:
2363:
2352:
2351:
2321:Green Revolution
2102:Two-child policy
2097:One-child policy
2020:
1980:Population model
1936:World population
1885:
1878:
1871:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1652:Money portal
1650:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1637:
1314:
1135:
1042:Transfer pricing
1022:Tax equalization
996:
944:Corporate profit
580:Luxembourg Leaks
514:Corporate havens
393:
209:
46:
27:
21:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2340:
2304:
2238:
2236:
2229:
2181:
2160:
2109:Overconsumption
2092:Family planning
2049:
2043:
2016:
2000:
1997:
1989:
1951:
1948:
1940:
1894:
1889:
1859:
1854:The Independent
1851:
1847:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1822:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1773:budget deficits
1732:for driving on
1684:
1646:
1644:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1311:
1301:
1300:
1256:Fiscus Judaicus
1231:
1221:
1220:
1179:Advocacy groups
1132:
1124:
1123:
1114:Trade agreement
1109:Free-trade zone
1067:
1057:
1056:
994:
979:
969:
968:
629:
619:
618:
590:Paradise Papers
431:Debtors' prison
390:
380:
379:
350:Tax preparation
310:Revenue service
305:
295:
294:
206:
196:
195:
176:Double taxation
171:Tax withholding
166:Tax competition
84:Non-tax revenue
64:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2358:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2336:Sustainability
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2309:Related topics
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
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2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2200:
2198:Largest cities
2195:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2018:I = P × A × T
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1820:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1746:postage stamps
1742:swimming pools
1719:national parks
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:United Kingdom
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1199:Tax Foundation
1196:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1171:Gabriel Zucman
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:Mihir A. Desai
1140:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1007:Robin Hood tax
1004:
999:
991:
986:
980:
975:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
949:Excess profits
946:
941:
940:
939:
934:
929:
920:
915:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
834:Gross receipts
831:
826:
821:
816:
815:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
774:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
732:
727:
726:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
685:
684:
683:
673:
672:
671:
666:
661:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
625:
624:
621:
620:
615:
614:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
585:Offshore Leaks
582:
577:
572:
571:
570:
565:
550:
549:
548:Major examples
545:
544:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
516:
511:
503:
502:
498:
497:
496:
495:
490:
485:
483:Dutch Sandwich
480:
475:
469:
464:
456:
455:
451:
450:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
421:Tax resistance
418:
413:
412:
411:
398:
397:
391:
386:
385:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
325:Taxable income
322:
320:Tax assessment
317:
312:
306:
301:
300:
297:
296:
291:
290:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
260:
259:
255:
254:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
214:
213:
212:General Theory
207:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
193:
188:
183:
181:Representation
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
102:
101:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
65:
60:
59:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2409:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2367:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2316:Bennett's law
2314:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2237:organizations
2232:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Kaya identity
2022:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1809:
1802:
1799:
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1770:
1765:
1763:
1759:
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1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:United States
1709:level in the
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1681:
1676:
1674:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:United States
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
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1569:
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1317:All Countries
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1297:
1294:
1292:
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1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Tolerance tax
1269:
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1264:
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1259:
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1035:
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977:International
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879:Resource rent
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676:Capital gains
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628:
623:
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595:Panama Papers
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
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569:
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541:
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531:
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494:
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462:Tax inversion
460:
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452:
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419:
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410:
407:
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404:Tax avoidance
402:
401:
400:
399:
394:
389:
388:Noncompliance
384:
383:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
365:Tax collector
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:Tax residence
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
315:Revenue stamp
313:
311:
308:
307:
304:
299:
298:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
263:
262:
261:
256:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
230:Tax incidence
228:
226:
225:Excess burden
223:
221:
218:
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216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
199:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
151:Tax incentive
149:
147:
146:Tax advantage
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
106:Tax threshold
104:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
66:
63:
58:
57:
54:
53:fiscal policy
51:An aspect of
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
33:
29:
28:
19:
2353:
2165:Publications
2124:Antinatalism
2062:
2039:World3 model
1899:Major topics
1848:
1836:
1823:
1812:. Retrieved
1801:
1777:
1766:
1755:
1727:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1571:South Africa
1166:Joel Slemrod
907:
839:Hypothecated
807:Sugary drink
681:Expatriation
560:
478:Double Irish
441:Black market
286:Proportional
235:Laffer curve
220:Price effect
2048:Society and
2007:Biocapacity
1738:state parks
1586:Switzerland
1551:Philippines
1526:New Zealand
1521:Netherlands
1161:Ronen Palan
904:User charge
723:Value-added
688:Consumption
600:Swiss Leaks
488:Single Malt
426:Tax shelter
416:Tax evasion
375:Tax farming
360:Tax shelter
276:Progressive
240:Optimal tax
141:Tax amnesty
136:Tax holiday
94:Tax bracket
79:Tax revenue
2381:Categories
2235:Events and
2050:population
1996:Population
1947:Population
1892:Population
1814:2024-05-06
1794:References
1753:distance.
1496:Kazakhstan
1381:Bangladesh
1376:Azerbaijan
1309:By country
1266:Temple tax
1236:Church tax
1119:ATA Carnet
1104:Free trade
1099:Tariff war
1027:Tax treaty
913:Congestion
854:Land value
745:Eco-tariff
713:Television
669:Solidarity
649:Ad valorem
509:Tax havens
340:Tax shield
335:Tax refund
303:Collection
281:Regressive
156:Tax reform
2331:Migration
2208:6 billion
1842:Irin news
1705:. At the
1576:Sri Lanka
1541:Palestine
1501:Lithuania
1466:Indonesia
1451:Hong Kong
1371:Australia
1361:Argentina
1229:Religious
1017:Spahn tax
1012:Tobin tax
869:Pigouvian
787:Cigarette
760:Severance
693:Departure
501:Locations
454:Corporate
436:Smuggling
204:Economics
126:Tax shift
121:Deduction
111:Exemption
18:User fees
2397:Payments
2366:Category
2134:Natalism
2057:Eugenics
1788:property
1734:highways
1692:user fee
1596:Tanzania
1561:Portugal
1536:Pakistan
1416:Colombia
1396:Bulgaria
1261:Leibzoll
1138:Academic
1131:Research
954:Windfall
894:Turnover
874:Property
824:Georgist
770:Stumpage
765:Steering
750:Landfill
730:Dividend
654:Aviation
644:Per unit
639:Indirect
330:Tax lien
266:Tax rate
245:Theories
99:Flat tax
62:Policies
36:Taxation
2355:Commons
1998:ecology
1949:biology
1707:federal
1616:Uruguay
1516:Namibia
1511:Morocco
1476:Ireland
1456:Iceland
1441:Germany
1431:Finland
1426:Denmark
1421:Croatia
1366:Armenia
1356:Algeria
1351:Albania
998:(CCCTB)
864:Payroll
819:General
812:Tobacco
782:Alcohol
718:Tourist
664:Landing
396:General
131:Tax cut
89:Tax law
2065:genics
1780:income
1591:Taiwan
1581:Sweden
1566:Russia
1556:Poland
1531:Norway
1481:Israel
1446:Greece
1436:France
1406:Canada
1391:Brazil
1386:Bhutan
1281:Kharaj
1189:(ITEP)
1092:Export
1087:Import
1082:Tariff
1072:Custom
964:Wealth
889:Surtax
884:Single
859:Luxury
844:Income
777:Excise
740:Carbon
634:Direct
521:(OFCs)
474:(BEPS)
186:Unions
116:Credit
2186:Lists
1786:, or
1784:sales
1730:tolls
1506:Malta
1491:Japan
1486:Italy
1461:India
1411:China
1296:Zakat
1291:Nisab
1286:Khums
1276:Jizya
1251:Tithe
1246:Teind
1207:(TJN)
1193:Oxfam
1065:Trade
708:Stamp
703:Sales
698:Hotel
627:Types
1767:The
1546:Peru
1471:Iran
1213:(US)
1201:(US)
1195:(UK)
1077:Duty
932:Toll
927:GNSS
923:Road
918:Fuel
829:Gift
797:Meat
493:CAIA
271:Flat
2063:Dys
1756:In
1401:BVI
908:fee
899:Use
802:Sin
792:Fat
2383::
1782:,
1725:.
1690:A
2218:8
2213:7
1884:e
1877:t
1870:v
1817:.
1679:e
1672:t
1665:v
925:/
906:/
20:)
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