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commissions to fan creators. In subsequent statements (as independent VTuber
Dokibird), she stated that she had been hospitalized in December 2023 as a result of "bullying from within", and she had been in a "toxic and poor environment for numerous months that led to my breaking point". The claims regarding payments for commissions were also refuted by artists who had worked on content for Tatsuki—who had paid them personally. Criticism over Nijisanji's handling and response to the controversy resulted in declines to Anycolor's stock price, multiple Nijisanji streamers announcing that they would take a hiatus from social media activity.
894:
33:
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478:, the first VTuber to achieve breakout popularity, made her debut on YouTube. She was the first to coin and use the term "virtual YouTuber". Created by digital production company Activ8 and voice-acted by Nozomi Kasuga, Kizuna AI created a sense of "real intimacy" with fans, as she was responsive to their questions. Within ten months, she had over two million subscribers and later became a culture ambassador of the
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In
September 2020, Anycolor created an "Aggressive Acts and Slander Countermeasure Team" to offer counselling to victims of harassment and take legal measures against perpetrators of harassment, specifically the online harassment plaguing the Japanese entertainment industry. This announcement came in
564:
branches targeting a global audience. Meanwhile, independent VTubers began to appear in many countries, from Japan to the United States. In July 2018, VTubers had a collective subscriber count of 12.7 million, and more than 720 million total views. By
January 2020, there were over 10,000
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In August 2018, Wright Flyer Live
Entertainment released a mobile application allowing VTubers to live stream videos while monetizing them and connecting with their viewers. In a news conference in Tokyo, the head of Wright Flyer Live Entertainment stated, "just increasing the number is not that
482:. Kizuna Ai's popularity can be attributed to the oversaturation of traditional webcam YouTubers and for aspects of characters that the audience would not expect. For example, despite having a friendly appearance, Kizuna Ai often swears in her videos when she gets frustrated while playing a game.
681:
In
February 2024, Anycolor faced criticism over the treatment of its talent, following the termination of its contract with Nijisanji EN streamer Selen Tatsuki. The company cited "repeated breaches of contract", "misleading statements on social platforms", and actions causing payment delays for
541:. Nijisanji helped popularise the use of Live2D models instead of the prior focus on 3D models as well as the shift towards livestreaming instead of edited video and clips that was the standard for VTubers like Kizuna Ai. Cover Corporation, a company that was originally developing
429:, becoming the first software suite that enabled live avatars at home via face motion capture that started being actively used on streaming websites and YouTube. The Live2D software module enabling 2D avatars and was added one year later in 2015 in collaboration with Live2D, Inc.
358:
agencies. Streamers are employed by an agency (sometimes via open auditions) to portray characters developed by the company, which are then commercialized via merchandising and other promotional appearances, as well as traditional revenue streams such as
99:
or technology are often—but not always—used to capture movement. The digital trend originated in Japan in the mid-2010s, and has become an international online phenomenon in the 2020s. A majority of VTubers are
English- and Japanese-speaking
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to advertise its
Yakisoba UFO noodles, held a live stream with a smartphone attached to a helium balloon. By the end of the stream, the smartphone reached an altitude of 30 kilometres (19 mi) above sea level and was noted by
184:, portraying characters designed by online artists. VTubers are not bound by physical limitations, and many of them engage in activities that are unconstrained by their real-world identity. Some VTubers, particularly those from
770:
effective. We want them to keep on doing their activities. , gaining fans and monetization are essential. So, we are providing a platform to support that". This followed Wright Flyer Live
Entertainment's parent company
807:, in November to present their content made for the Brazilian public and how VTuber works, where they had a meeting with Ambassador Eduardo Paes Saboia, being the first contact of VTubers with a Brazilian authority.
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and foreign-language VTubers have marked a rise in the trend's international popularity. Virtual YouTubers have appeared in domestic advertising campaigns and have broken livestream-related world records.
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The internet has seen a torrent of different types of 'VTubers' over the last year, and while some models are fusions of humans and creatures, few have broken through as straight-up animals.
2764:
363:, and viewer donations. Another holdover from idol groups is the use of the term "graduation" to refer to a VTuber retiring their character and/or leaving an agency on amicable terms.
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led to an overall increase in viewership of video game live streaming in general in 2020, which helped contribute to the growth of VTubers into a mainstream phenomenon. Searches on
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two-dimensional models constructed from drawn textures, while programs such as VRoid Studio can be used to create three-dimensional models. Commissioned models can cost as high as
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accumulated the largest number of active paid subscriptions of all streamers on the platform at that point in time, although still behind an overall record previously set by
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800,000 in 2020). VTubers accounted for 38% of YouTube's 300 most profitable channels, with a total revenue of US$ 26,229,911 (roughly half of which being viewer donations).
444:, under Cover Corporation, manages over 60 VTubers from around the world across six branches; hololive, hololive ID, hololive EN, HOLOSTARS, HOLOSTARS EN and hololive DEV_IS.
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in late 2016. Her popularity sparked a VTuber trend in Japan, and it spurred the establishment of specialized agencies to promote them, including major ones such as
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for VTuber related content increased over 2020, leading towards the
September 2020 launch of Hololive's English branch. In August 2020, seven of the ten largest
378:, focus primarily on recruiting and promoting existing independent VTubers as a collective team, rather than hiring streamers to portray proprietary characters.
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Due to their popularity, companies and organizations have used virtual YouTubers as a method of advertising or bringing attention to a product or service. When
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baseball team has two VTuber mascots, named
Takamine Umi (also known as Hawk Kannon Sea) and Aritaka Hina, both unveiled in 2020. They have their own
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of the agency; former corporate VTubers may transition to streaming independently under an alternate persona, with their past identity treated as an
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YouTube's 2020 Culture and Trends report highlights VTubers as one of the notable trends of that year, with 1.5 billion views per month by October.
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uploaded her first video, which featured an animated, virtual avatar speaking to the camera. In 2012, Japanese company Weathernews Inc. debuted a
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Kizuna AI's sudden popularity sparked a VTuber trend. Between May and mid-July 2018, the number of active VTubers increased from 2,000 to 4,000.
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272:, and maps them to a two- or three-dimensional model. Both free and paid programs have been developed for loading models and performing
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wrestler who himself began streaming on Twitch as a VTuber in 2021, remarked that the two professions were "literally the same thing".
4143:
4138:
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2422:
403:, who would usually talk to the audience about herself or about releases related to the company. On June 13, 2011, UK-based Japanese
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who use avatar designs. By 2020, there were more than 10,000 active VTubers. Although the term is an allusion to the video platform
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In 2014 the FaceRig indie software launched on Indiegogo as an EU crowdfunding project, and later that year it was released on
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as being the live stream recorded at the highest altitude, breaking the previous record of 18.42 kilometres (11.45 mi).
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2,000 depending on their level of detail. By contrast, some VTubers, colloquially known as "PNGTubers" (in reference to the
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1952:"ウェザーロイド Airi". Comptique Extra issue of December: Vtique Vol.02 (コンプティーク 12月号増刊 Vティーク Vol.2). Kadokawa. 2018. pp.76–79.
666:, VTubing content on Twitch grew by 467% in 2021 compared with a year earlier. In December 2022, the independent VTuber
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of Kizuna Ai in 2018, with a full push for various Japanese and international VTuber PVC-made statues since the 2020s.
418:, on YouTube and their website. In 2014, Airi got her own solo program every Thursday and began live broadcasting with
2356:
1866:
833:
774:'s ¥10 billion ($ 89.35 million) investment in VTubers, as well as a ¥10 billion sales target by 2020.
455:, under AnyColor Inc., manages over 160 VTubers from around the world across two branches; NIJISANJI and NIJISANJI EN.
1364:
699:
529:
507:
276:, with some capable of being used without a webcam (albeit with pre-determined animations), and some also supporting
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339:
2269:[Analysis of the economic impact, expansion of popularity and new technologies of the VTuber phenomenon].
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In May 2021, Twitch added a VTuber tag for streams as part of a wider expansion of its tag system. In July 2021,
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followed Kizuna as the second and third most popular VTubers, with 750,000 and 625,000 subscribers respectively.
335:
247:
2816:
2107:
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the wake of Hololive's VTuber Mano Aloe's retirement after only two weeks of activity due to online harassment.
560:. Agencies like Hololive and Nijisanji created branches in China, South Korea, Indonesia, and India, as well as
4153:
4002:
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219:
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800:
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647:—a member of Hololive's first English branch—overtook Kizuna Ai as the most-subscribed VTuber on YouTube.
518:
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VTubers may use their avatars as a means to better reflect their preferred presentation to their audience.
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783:
751:
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204:
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After their initial success in Japan, the trend began to expand internationally via their appeal to the
524:
367:
265:
3052:
2267:"Análise do impacto econômico, da expansão de popularidade e das novas tecnologias do fenômeno VTuber"
1313:
893:
4059:
3943:
3848:
3748:
2967:"Virtual YouTuber Kaguya Luna Breaks Guinness World Record By Holding Livestream at Highest Altitude"
838:
819:
743:
705:
671:
600:
513:
319:
307:) that can enable more precise motion capture. In 2022, VTube Studio released an update allowing for
231:
57:
2595:"VTuber Ironmouse surpasses 95,000 Twitch subscribers, takes the throne for active subs on platform"
694:
4168:
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English member Gawr Gura made a cameo appearance in an anime-themed ad by American fast food chain
811:
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581:
441:
148:
2027:
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1000:"Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars"
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590:
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since 2014 (with Arashi, and from 2021 as himself), became a VTuber for the latest CM campaign.
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and XS Max in 2018, Kizuna AI appeared at the event and promoted the products on her channel.
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Cover's CEO Motoaki "Yagoo" Tanigo was selected as one of the Japan's Top 20 Entrepreneurs by
569:
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414:-styled character called Weatheroid Type A Airi on SOLiVE24, a 24-hour weather live stream on
360:
92:
49:
2940:"Gree-owned firm launches app aimed at boosting Japan's booming world of 'virtual YouTubers'"
2321:"Report: Twitch viewership reached 1.47 billion hours in August (StreamElements, Arsenal.gg)"
626:
also experimented with avatar-based streams using a model commissioned from a VTuber artist.
399:
began uploading videos to its YouTube channel featuring an animated 3D version of its mascot
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film as the voice actress for one of the characters in the Japanese dub, and Korone-themed
537:
In the beginning of 2018, Anycolor Inc. (then known as Ichikara) founded the VTuber agency
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In June 2022, Hololive member Inugami Korone became the official brand ambassador for the
546:
437:
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277:
208:
189:
177:
2472:"Twitch introduces more than 350 new streamer tags, including Vtuber, transgender, queer"
1994:
1962:
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750:(which launched a YouTube channel for its mascot Crunchyroll-Hime in October 2021). The
654:
Japan in its January 2022 issue. The following month, in the midst of a subathon event,
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3880:
3875:
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2661:"Meet Neuro-sama, the AI Twitch Streamer Who Plays Minecraft, Sings Karaoke, Loves Art"
2629:
1618:
615:
496:
419:
308:
273:
105:
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734:(which developed the character N-ko to appear in videos promoting its anime content),
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Streaming as a Virtual Being: The Complex Relationship Between VTubers and Identity
968:
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778:
596:
400:
392:
351:
292:
3326:
3146:"VTuber Doggo Inugami Korone Goes Fast As Sonic the Hedgehog's Newest Ambassador"
3645:
3499:
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3328:
Creative Context: Creativity and Innovation in the Media and Cultural Industries
2563:
747:
371:
285:
193:
1026:"Virtual YouTubers behind famous avatars in Japan make millions from superfans"
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Some organizations and companies have employed their own VTuber characters as
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was founded in November 2020 as one of the first VTuber agencies based in the
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312:
296:
252:
2908:
2448:
1325:
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3603:
2290:"Playboard: World's Biggest Superchat Earner is Virtual YouTuber Kiryu Coco"
2277:. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO).
2204:
815:
793:
716:
690:
655:
644:
637:
619:
538:
534:, two other early VTubers, each gained followings of 500,000 in six months.
475:
452:
448:
396:
152:
136:
36:
1679:"The Virtual YouTube World Is in Uproar. What's the Virtual YouTube World?"
299:
to save system resources, and take advantage of hardware features (such as
3366:
1764:"VTuber Selen Tatsuki's Nijisanji termination creates uproar and backlash"
1352:
3778:
3674:
3598:
1557:"How VTube Studio's NVIDIA integration is making VTubing more accessible"
922:
730:(which developed the character of Ibaraki Hiyori), the streaming service
712:
623:
550:
411:
269:
173:
129:
121:
113:
101:
96:
2790:"Ibaraki's virtual YouTuber first in Japan used to promote a prefecture"
2234:
999:
459:
4011:
3408:
3171:"Japanese Sonic Frontiers players receive special V-Tuber DLC costumes"
2533:"Gawr Gura breaks YouTube milestone to become most popular VTuber ever"
1999:
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723:
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300:
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125:
109:
17:
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2503:"Gawr Gura Swims Past Kizuna AI to Be the Most Subscribed VTuber Ever"
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3023:"Gawr Gura and Mori Calliope Among Hololive Vtuber Figures Announced"
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611:
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323:
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1798:"High-profile shakeups prompt scrutiny of virtual YouTuber industry"
2415:"YouTube Culture & Trends – Data and Cultural Analysis for You"
804:
689:
610:, with a host of several notable English-speaking VTubers such as
458:
447:
436:
251:
227:
223:
31:
3115:"The Taco Bell Anime Commercial Cameo Only YouTubers Will Notice"
3084:"Embaixador do Brasil no Japão recebe as Vtubers Ayapan e Jajami"
2625:"Twitch's New Star of Streaming Charts Is Anime Avatar Ironmouse"
1649:"hololive English Opens 1st Auditions for Male Virtual YouTubers"
606:
At the same time, the popularity of VTubers continued to rise on
366:
In agencies, a VTuber's character and other assets are often the
4064:
2694:"Elira, Vox, and Ike of Nijisanji EN Make Statement About Selen"
2385:"Bushiroad and NIJISANJI Are Taking Online Harassment Seriously"
2138:"How Fan Translators Made Virtual YouTubers a Global Phenomenon"
2059:
2057:
2055:
1314:"He's a WWE Star and a Vtuber. Those Worlds Aren't So Different"
799:
In 2020, Japanese VTubers Ayapan and Jajami were invited by the
735:
3381:
331:
1191:
212:
3201:"Inugami Korone Will Voice a Character in Yo-Kai Watch Anime"
1834:"Dokibird Says She Made Zero Profit in 2023 as Selen Tatsuki"
2817:"Netflix's official Vtuber is part sheep and promotes anime"
2757:"Japan's virtual celebrities rise to threaten the real ones"
1254:"The Rise of VTubers as Social Media Influencers, Explained"
777:
On June 24, 2019, VTuber Kaguya Luna, in collaboration with
135:
The first entertainer to use the phrase "virtual YouTuber",
1589:"Why Pokimane's Vtubing Twitch stream has everyone talking"
3377:
726:
within marketing. These include the government of Japan's
1728:"The Vtuber Industry: Corporatization, Labor, and Kawaii"
595:
at number one, who by that time had earned approximately
2078:"Nozomi Kasuga Confirms She is Kizuna AI Voice Actress"
704:, a VTuber and representative for Japanese corporation
580:
earners of all time on YouTube were VTubers, including
549:
software, shifted its focus to VTubers by establishing
2165:
2163:
1619:"The Growing VTuber Community - The Gate's Wide Open"
762:
accounts. Occasionally, they make appearances on the
3287:"『パズドラ』新TV-CMに"嵐"の5名が出演！ 6月10日からTV-CM全国放映＆メイキング動画公開"
2445:"SIXTY60 〜BEST OF ASIA 2021〜 - 60MAG（SIXTYMAGAZINE）"
847:. She also made a cameo appearance in an episode of
188:
communities, choose to use avatars to reflect their
39:
was the first VTuber to achieve breakout popularity.
4025:
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3841:
3747:
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3575:
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2792:. The Japan Times. October 13, 2018. Archived from
1049:"ユーザーローカル、バーチャルYouTuberの1万人突破を発表 9000人から4ヵ月で1000人増"
354:, with business models influenced by those used by
831:franchise in Japan. She would later appear in the
291:Some programs offload motion tracking to external
172:VTubers are online entertainers who are typically
2993:"Nyatasha Nyanners is the First VShojo Nendoroid"
2352:"Column: Bonus Stage: The Sudden Rise of Vtubers"
1757:
1755:
1753:
234:with human or non-human traits. Some VTubers use
180:. They use avatars created with programs such as
3263:(in Japanese). November 21, 2023. Archived from
3233:(in Japanese). November 21, 2023. Archived from
1493:"The otter who became an accidental VTuber star"
1388:"The otter who became an accidental VTuber star"
1353:"Virtual Theatrics and the Ideal VTuber Bishōjo"
640:was chosen as one of Asia's top 60 influencers.
260:A VTuber's avatar is typically animated using a
2726:"【SoftBank】新型iPhone発売セレモニーにお邪魔しました！！【XS / MAX】"
2172:"Japan's latest big thing: 'virtual YouTubers'"
2063:
1109:"Japan's latest big thing: 'virtual YouTubers'"
738:(who planned to have in-character streams with
662:. According to data provided by parent company
374:. Some agencies and groups, such as U.S.-based
238:avatars, non-human characters such as animals.
80:
61:
1867:"Talent Agency Launches With Focus on Vtubing"
74:
3393:
2271:VIII Encontro de Engenharia No Entretenimento
1677:Marinescu, Jake Dean, Delia (June 10, 2021).
8:
3257:"二宮和也、『パズドラ』新CMでVTuberデビュー 1秒も出演せず"中の人"に徹する"
1995:"SOLiVE24 (SOLiVEナイト ) 2014-04-10 23:32:32〜"
1963:"SOLiVE24 (SOLiVE ムーン) 2012-04-13 21:31:23〜"
1707:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
670:gained attention on Twitch for its use of a
87:is an online entertainer who uses a virtual
3293:(in Japanese). June 9, 2014. Archived from
2878:"Crunchyroll-Hime launches YouTube channel"
3832:Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
3581:
3443:
3400:
3386:
3378:
2235:"バーチャルYouTuber、4,000人を突破 動画再生回数は合計7億2千万回に"
1587:Hernandez, Patricia (September 14, 2020).
1187:"The virtual vloggers taking over YouTube"
248:Video game live streaming § Equipment
3801:Korean backdoor advertisement controversy
1796:St. Michel, Patrick (February 16, 2024).
1491:Hernandez, Patricia (February 18, 2021).
1386:Hernandez, Patricia (February 18, 2021).
268:the streamer's motions, expressions, and
192:for personal comfort and safety reasons.
2028:"VTubers and the women behind the masks"
1223:"VTubers and the Women Behind the Masks"
1145:"Virtual Youtubers – What's the appeal?"
1043:
1041:
965:(for other virtual personality concepts)
3094:from the original on September 17, 2021
2736:from the original on September 29, 2018
2331:from the original on September 28, 2020
2241:from the original on September 17, 2020
1865:Beresford, Trilby (November 24, 2020).
1138:
1136:
1134:
991:
3063:from the original on November 11, 2022
2919:from the original on February 23, 2022
2706:from the original on February 13, 2024
2605:from the original on February 21, 2022
2574:from the original on November 26, 2021
2482:from the original on September 1, 2021
2425:from the original on December 18, 2020
2395:from the original on September 4, 2020
2184:from the original on February 14, 2019
1879:from the original on November 25, 2020
1827:
1825:
1810:from the original on February 16, 2024
1791:
1789:
1762:Hashimoto, Kazuma (February 8, 2024).
1700:
1537:from the original on December 28, 2021
1525:Weatherbed, Jess (December 24, 2021).
1469:from the original on September 1, 2021
1435:from the original on September 1, 2021
1367:from the original on December 22, 2022
1351:Bredikhina, Liudmila (March 1, 2021).
1264:from the original on November 28, 2022
1233:from the original on November 28, 2022
1119:from the original on February 14, 2019
818:(which premiered to coincide with the
678:system to interact with her audience.
199:VTubers often portray themselves as a
3227:"二宮和也、"VTuber"デビュー 本人1秒も登場せず「中の人」に専念"
3181:from the original on October 17, 2022
3125:from the original on January 21, 2022
3033:from the original on January 10, 2022
3003:from the original on November 7, 2022
2888:from the original on November 4, 2021
2858:from the original on November 4, 2021
2815:Kastrenakes, Jacob (April 28, 2021).
2784:
2782:
2564:"世界中にファン5000万人。VTuber「ホロライブ」が急成長する理由"
2543:from the original on December 3, 2022
2364:from the original on November 1, 2020
2260:
2258:
2256:
2215:from the original on February 1, 2021
2148:from the original on January 20, 2021
2007:from the original on November 7, 2020
1846:from the original on February 8, 2024
1774:from the original on February 9, 2024
1722:
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1718:
1689:from the original on November 8, 2021
1672:
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1582:
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1503:from the original on October 11, 2021
1486:
1484:
1452:
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1416:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1155:from the original on January 21, 2021
1088:from the original on December 8, 2020
1055:from the original on January 31, 2020
1006:from the original on February 6, 2022
7:
2973:from the original on October 7, 2020
2848:"Sonic the Hedgehog is a Vtuber now"
2827:from the original on October 8, 2021
2732:. A.I. Channel. September 29, 2018.
2692:Liu, Stephanie (February 12, 2024).
2350:White, DeForest (October 29, 2020).
2319:Desatoff, Sam (September 23, 2020).
2300:from the original on August 24, 2020
2205:"尖ったメンバーばかりのVTuberグループ"にじさんじ"の魅力を紹介"
2076:Loveridge, Lynzee (April 25, 2020).
1905:from the original on January 5, 2021
1899:"すーぱーそに子 ワンダーフェスティバル2010[冬]"
1423:Martinello, Eva (January 29, 2021).
1332:from the original on August 25, 2021
1283:Turner, Anna Birna (June 24, 2022).
1252:Mancuso, Devin (December 15, 2020).
1216:
1214:
1199:from the original on August 13, 2019
350:Major VTubers are often employed by
3345:from the original on March 28, 2023
2909:"福岡ソフトバンクホークスVTuber 鷹観音海、有鷹ひな紹介サイト"
2383:Morrissy, Kim (September 4, 2020).
2112:Japan National Tourism Organization
1975:from the original on March 18, 2022
1934:from the original on March 11, 2020
1398:from the original on March 16, 2021
1293:from the original on March 28, 2023
480:Japan National Tourism Organization
2767:from the original on June 29, 2021
2673:from the original on June 20, 2023
1457:Çakır, Gökhan (January 29, 2021).
27:Streamers that use digital avatars
25:
2942:. The Japan Times. Archived from
2755:Nagumo, Jada (January 19, 2020).
2637:from the original on May 16, 2022
2593:Miceli, Max (February 21, 2022).
2513:from the original on July 1, 2021
2265:Regis, Rafael (August 25, 2021).
2170:Nagata, Kazuaki (July 17, 2018).
2088:from the original on May 14, 2020
2040:from the original on May 15, 2021
1738:from the original on May 31, 2022
1629:from the original on May 26, 2022
1599:from the original on July 3, 2022
1185:Lufkin, Bryan (October 2, 2018).
1107:Nagata, Kazuaki (July 17, 2018).
1074:Chen, James (November 30, 2020).
112:, they also use websites such as
4098:
4097:
3912:CNN/YouTube presidential debates
3365:
2288:Morissy, Kim (August 23, 2020).
1901:. Nitroplus. February 12, 2010.
1832:Lada, Jenni (February 8, 2024).
1002:. Rest of World. July 26, 2021.
906:
892:
878:
2470:Marshall, Cass (May 27, 2021).
1143:Dazon, Laura (March 16, 2020).
841:would be released for the game
746:), and anime streaming service
599:85 million (approximately
3113:Cahn, Lauren (July 27, 2021).
2108:"Come to Japan with Kizuna AI"
346:Agencies and commercialization
342:as opposed to a rigged model.
1:
3826:Slovenian government incident
3807:Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
2026:Faber, Tom (April 20, 2021).
1221:Faber, Tom (April 20, 2021).
1076:"The Vtuber takeover of 2020"
742:and his Japanese voice actor
715:announced the release of the
3784:Fantastic Adventures scandal
2419:YouTube Culture & Trends
2237:. Mogura VR. July 10, 2018.
1924:Ami Yamato (June 13, 2011).
1051:. PANORA. January 15, 2020.
361:monetization of their videos
311:facial motion capture using
256:A vtuber using hand tracking
218:VTubers are associated with
3090:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
3082:Eriki (November 11, 2020).
2846:Diaz, Ana (June 24, 2021).
2064:Otmazgin & Ben-Ari 2020
95:. Real-time motion capture
81:
62:
4185:
2562:中沢弘子 (November 25, 2021).
1425:"The best VTuber software"
864:, who's been working with
853:that aired in March 2023.
338:image format), use static
245:
4144:2020s in Internet culture
4139:2010s in Internet culture
4093:
3584:
3415:
3325:, eds. (April 23, 2020).
2907:HAWKS, Fukuoka SoftBank.
75:
53:
3542:Most-subscribed channels
2568:Forbes JAPAN（フォーブス ジャパン）
1459:"How to become a VTuber"
1031:South China Morning Post
948:Japanese popular culture
222:and aesthetics, such as
220:Japanese popular culture
3997:Internet Symphony No. 1
2882:advanced-television.com
2203:公開, 日時 (June 5, 2020).
3790:Garcia v. Google, Inc.
3331:. Springer Singapore.
2969:. Anime News Network.
1872:The Hollywood Reporter
1312:D'Anastasio, Cecilia.
886:Anime and manga portal
784:Guinness World Records
758:channel and their own
752:Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks
708:
558:anime and manga fandom
471:
456:
445:
391:On February 12, 2010,
286:Leap Motion Controller
257:
205:professional wrestling
203:character, not unlike
40:
4134:2020s fads and trends
4129:2010s fads and trends
4055:Headquarters shooting
4033:Censorship of YouTube
3631:PewDiePie vs T-Series
3552:Multi-channel network
3053:"Nendoroid Kizuna AI"
2999:. December 12, 2021.
2421:. December 15, 2020.
1734:. December 22, 2020.
1625:. February 12, 2022.
1258:www.virtualhumans.org
953:Video gaming in Japan
764:Fukuoka PayPay Dome's
693:
462:
451:
440:
368:intellectual property
326:is typically used to
255:
35:
3869:original programming
3820:Innocence of Muslims
3735:Most-disliked videos
3547:Most-viewed channels
3374:at Wikimedia Commons
3297:on November 22, 2023
3267:on November 22, 2023
3237:on November 22, 2023
2946:on February 14, 2019
2913:ソフトバンクホークス オフィシャルサイト
2884:. October 25, 2021.
2796:on February 14, 2019
2657:D'Anastasio, Cecilia
2357:The Eastern Progress
2118:on February 14, 2019
1655:. September 25, 2024
1563:. September 27, 2022
1527:"How to be a Vtuber"
866:Puzzle & Dragons
839:downloadable content
834:Sonic the Hedgehog 2
820:2020 Summer Olympics
792:has begun producing
706:Rohto Pharmaceutical
672:large language model
284:devices such as the
264:and software, which
232:moe anthropomorphism
4070:YouTube downloaders
4045:Channel suspensions
3971:Project for Awesome
3796:Kohistan video case
3713:French music videos
3708:Arabic music videos
3484:(founder & CEO)
3207:. February 28, 2023
3177:. August 25, 2022.
2033:The Financial Times
636:On March 30, 2021,
442:Hololive Production
322:animation software
149:Hololive Production
3991:Symphony Orchestra
3976:Social in the City
3703:Most-viewed videos
3321:Otmazgin, Nissim;
3057:www.goodsmile.info
2389:Anime News Network
2294:Anime News Network
2142:Anime News Network
2082:Anime News Network
2003:. April 10, 2014.
1971:. April 13, 2012.
1927:Trying this out...
1653:Anime News Network
974:Virtual influencer
938:Internet celebrity
928:Avatar (computing)
914:Video games portal
856:In November 2023,
828:Sonic the Hedgehog
790:Good Smile Company
740:Sonic the Hedgehog
728:Ibaraki Prefecture
709:
472:
457:
446:
258:
41:
4111:
4110:
3927:KSI vs Logan Paul
3842:Apps and services
3743:
3742:
3730:Most-liked videos
3567:Original channels
3530:
3529:
3372:Virtual YouTubers
3370:Media related to
2938:Nagata, Kazuaki.
2659:(June 17, 2023).
2633:. April 6, 2022.
2273:(in Portuguese).
963:Virtual character
862:Kazunari Ninomiya
801:Brazilian embassy
744:Jun'ichi Kanemaru
570:COVID-19 pandemic
93:computer graphics
16:(Redirected from
4176:
4159:Internet culture
4149:2010s neologisms
4101:
4100:
3772:Copyright strike
3762:Copyright issues
3723:Pakistani videos
3582:
3562:Official channel
3444:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3379:
3369:
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3307:
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3158:
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3144:Harding, Daryl.
3141:
3135:
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3101:
3099:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:. July 3, 2021.
3019:
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2559:
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2552:
2550:
2548:
2539:. July 4, 2021.
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2501:Harding, Daryl.
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2447:. Archived from
2441:
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2189:
2167:
2158:
2157:
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2153:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2114:. Archived from
2104:
2098:
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2061:
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996:
933:Content creation
916:
911:
910:
909:
902:
897:
896:
888:
883:
882:
703:
686:Use in marketing
676:speech synthesis
594:
562:English-language
533:
522:
511:
500:
486:The VTuber trend
315:graphics cards.
161:Fan translations
141:creating content
91:generated using
86:
84:
78:
77:
70:virtual YouTuber
67:
65:
55:
21:
4184:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4154:Cultural trends
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4089:
4085:YouTube Theater
4075:YouTube Instant
4021:
3895:
3837:
3739:
3691:
3577:
3571:
3526:
3506:Susanne Daniels
3464:
3435:
3411:
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3362:
3357:
3348:
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3316:
3314:Further reading
3311:
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2991:
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2986:
2976:
2974:
2965:Morrissy, Kim.
2964:
2963:
2959:
2949:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2920:
2915:(in Japanese).
2906:
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2570:(in Japanese).
2561:
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2452:
2451:on May 12, 2021
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2197:
2187:
2185:
2177:The Japan Times
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1803:The Japan Times
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1357:Replaying Japan
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1227:Financial Times
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1200:
1184:
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1113:The Japan Times
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912:
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905:
900:Internet portal
898:
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884:
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844:Sonic Frontiers
697:
688:
588:
547:virtual reality
527:
516:
514:Nekomiya Hinata
505:
494:
488:
435:
416:Nico Nico Douga
389:
384:
352:talent agencies
348:
278:virtual reality
270:mouth movements
250:
244:
236:anthropomorphic
190:online identity
170:
82:bācharu YūChūbā
72:
47:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
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5:
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4050:YouTube Select
4047:
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4027:
4023:
4022:
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4019:
4014:
4009:
4008:
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4000:
3988:
3983:
3981:Streamy Awards
3978:
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3657:YouTube Rewind
3653:
3648:
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3633:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3609:Creator Awards
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3360:External links
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3291:Dengeki online
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2018:
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1289:. p. 35.
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1034:. May 9, 2022.
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695:Nebasei Cocoro
687:
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674:attached to a
616:Projekt Melody
487:
484:
474:In late 2016,
434:
431:
420:motion capture
388:
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309:AI-accelerated
274:motion capture
243:
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178:live streamers
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106:live streamers
26:
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4080:YouTube Space
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3966:Playlist Live
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3818:Reactions to
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3719:
3718:Indian videos
3716:
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3625:Me at the zoo
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3431:Social impact
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3175:Eurogamer.net
3172:
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3129:September 27,
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2100:
2087:
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2079:
2072:
2069:
2066:, p. 77.
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2019:
2006:
2002:
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979:Vtuber Awards
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958:Virtual actor
956:
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943:Japanese idol
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836:
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830:
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823:
822:in Tokyo).
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468:Western world
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356:Japanese idol
353:
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293:phone cameras
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282:hand tracking
280:hardware, or
279:
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38:
34:
30:
19:
4060:In education
4003:
3995:
3944:Music Awards
3849:BrandConnect
3830:
3819:
3805:
3788:
3686:
3655:
3651:YouTube poop
3614:Draw My Life
3511:Robert Kyncl
3347:. Retrieved
3327:
3301:November 22,
3299:. Retrieved
3295:the original
3290:
3281:
3271:November 22,
3269:. Retrieved
3265:the original
3260:
3251:
3241:November 22,
3239:. Retrieved
3235:the original
3230:
3221:
3211:November 28,
3209:. Retrieved
3204:
3195:
3183:. Retrieved
3174:
3165:
3155:December 21,
3153:. Retrieved
3149:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3118:
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3087:
3077:
3067:November 11,
3065:. Retrieved
3056:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3026:
3017:
3005:. Retrieved
2996:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2960:
2950:February 14,
2948:. Retrieved
2944:the original
2933:
2923:February 25,
2921:. Retrieved
2912:
2902:
2890:. Retrieved
2881:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2851:
2841:
2829:. Retrieved
2820:
2810:
2800:February 14,
2798:. Retrieved
2794:the original
2769:. Retrieved
2760:
2750:
2740:February 14,
2738:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2710:February 15,
2708:. Retrieved
2697:
2687:
2675:. Retrieved
2664:
2651:
2639:. Retrieved
2628:
2619:
2609:February 22,
2607:. Retrieved
2598:
2588:
2578:November 26,
2576:. Retrieved
2567:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2536:
2527:
2517:September 1,
2515:. Retrieved
2506:
2496:
2486:September 1,
2484:. Retrieved
2475:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:the original
2439:
2429:December 16,
2427:. Retrieved
2418:
2409:
2399:September 8,
2397:. Retrieved
2388:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2355:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2324:
2314:
2304:September 1,
2302:. Retrieved
2293:
2283:
2274:
2270:
2243:. Retrieved
2229:
2217:. Retrieved
2208:
2198:
2188:February 14,
2186:. Retrieved
2175:
2152:December 14,
2150:. Retrieved
2141:
2132:
2122:February 14,
2120:. Retrieved
2116:the original
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2081:
2071:
2042:. Retrieved
2031:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
1998:
1989:
1977:. Retrieved
1966:
1957:
1948:
1938:February 14,
1936:. Retrieved
1926:
1919:
1907:. Retrieved
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1870:
1860:
1850:February 16,
1848:. Retrieved
1837:
1814:February 16,
1812:. Retrieved
1801:
1776:. Retrieved
1767:
1740:. Retrieved
1731:
1691:. Retrieved
1682:
1657:. Retrieved
1652:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1623:Anime Corner
1622:
1613:
1603:September 1,
1601:. Retrieved
1592:
1565:. Retrieved
1560:
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1530:
1507:September 1,
1505:. Retrieved
1496:
1473:September 1,
1471:. Retrieved
1462:
1439:September 1,
1437:. Retrieved
1428:
1407:
1400:. Retrieved
1391:
1381:
1371:December 22,
1369:. Retrieved
1360:
1356:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1317:
1307:
1297:December 22,
1295:. Retrieved
1285:
1278:
1268:December 22,
1266:. Retrieved
1257:
1247:
1237:December 22,
1235:. Retrieved
1226:
1203:February 14,
1201:. Retrieved
1190:
1159:December 14,
1157:. Retrieved
1148:
1123:December 14,
1121:. Retrieved
1112:
1102:
1092:December 14,
1090:. Retrieved
1079:
1069:
1057:. Retrieved
1029:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
994:
969:Virtual idol
855:
850:Yo-kai Watch
849:
842:
832:
826:
824:
809:
798:
788:
779:Nissin Foods
776:
768:
766:videoboard.
721:
710:
680:
649:
642:
635:
632:
628:
605:
567:
555:
536:
489:
473:
424:
401:Super Sonico
393:visual novel
390:
387:Predecessors
365:
349:
317:
290:
259:
217:
198:
186:marginalized
171:
134:
76:バーチャルユーチューバー
69:
44:
42:
29:
3917:Comedy Week
3646:Viral video
3576:Culture and
3500:Jawed Karim
3482:Chad Hurley
3231:Model Press
3150:Crunchyroll
2892:November 4,
2862:November 4,
2761:Nikkei Asia
2599:Dot Esports
2507:Crunchyroll
2368:November 1,
2335:October 26,
2219:January 28,
2011:November 1,
1979:November 1,
1909:October 13,
1883:December 1,
1778:February 8,
1742:November 8,
1693:November 8,
1463:Dot Esports
1429:Dot Esports
748:Crunchyroll
698: [
589: [
528: [
517: [
506: [
503:Mirai Akari
495: [
492:Kaguya Luna
372:open secret
320:proprietary
297:mobile apps
194:Transgender
4169:Wasei-eigo
4118:Categories
4004:Mothership
3961:Open Sauce
3767:Content ID
3757:Censorship
3636:Reply girl
3619:Let's Play
3517:Udi Manber
3476:Steve Chen
3460:Lyor Cohen
3454:Neal Mohan
3205:Siliconera
3185:August 26,
3119:Mashed.com
3027:Siliconera
2997:Siliconera
2763:. Nikkei.
2699:Siliconera
1839:Siliconera
986:References
803:in Tokyo,
794:nendoroids
772:Gree, Inc.
668:Neuro-sama
586:Kiryu Coco
578:Super Chat
408:Ami Yamato
313:Nvidia RTX
246:See also:
242:Technology
3986:Space Lab
3749:Criticism
3641:StudyTube
3604:BreadTube
3502:(founder)
3478:(founder)
3349:March 20,
3037:March 28,
3007:March 28,
2821:The Verge
2677:August 4,
2666:Bloomberg
2630:Bloomberg
2547:March 28,
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