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involved in dangerous underground work, would have been self-defeating. Also, such an organization would have violated the principals of centralization and unity of command. It was hard enough for the
Leninist leadership to control the local organizations that grew up in the country; it would have been even more difficult to control the work of the impulsive youth. In May 1917 a group of Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries, Anarchists, and some Bolsheviks created a proletarian youth group called Trud i Svet (Labor and light). Its leader, P. Shevstov, proposed a program to unify the socialist young people by deemphasizing factional-political differences. The core of the program was to spread enlightenment among the working youth. The organization grew quickly, and within a few weeks it had 50,000 members. The Leninists saw in Trud i svet a great threat, and its existence compelled them to develop a policy toward youth organizations. They set themselves two tasks: They attempted to capture the leadership of Trud i svet and then destroy it from the inside and at the same time to build their own organization for Bolshevik youth. The first task turned out to be easier than the second. As Bolshevik power and influence grew in the capital, so did the number of their followers within Trud i svet. In August a conference of working youth decided to dissolve Shevtsov's organization and endorse instead a much smaller group controlled by the Bolsheviks. This organization, headed by V. Alekseyev, was called the Socialist Union of Working Youth; by the time of the October Revolution it had only 10,000 members. In major cities around the country the Bolsheviks attempted to build their own organizations and at the same time to capture organizations created by their Socialist competitors. Both the Sixth Party Conference session in July and the Sixth Congress session in August in Petrograd devoted considerable attention to youth organizations. These meetings began the work of defining the character and competence of the Communist Youth League.
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consciousness. In the period of the early 1920s, women primarily stayed at home and performed the majority of housework. Membership of the
Komsomol seemed to offer a doorway into public life at a level previously unseen by women of the time. Young women enthusiastically joined as they were finally given a chance to detach themselves from the traditional patriarchal structure. Moreover, they were drawn to the Komsomol because it promised them an education during a time when young girls were deprived of a proper one in favor of preparing them for household duties. The Soviets encouraged women to take an active role in the new system and participate in the same activities and work as their male counterparts.
587:, which was more favorable to young peasant women, and cooperated with them to achieve better results. Another strategy was the addition of activities suited to the interests of the target demographic. Sewing and knitting classes became popular during the 1920s for rural Komsomol women. Additionally, educational classes, such as health and feminine hygiene were used to both draw more female members and alleviate concerns of rural parents. Peasant families were more inclined to allow their daughters to join the Komsomol since they knew they would be participating in beneficial programs rather than mischievous behaviors such as drinking and dancing.
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Komsomol seemed like an immoral organization, for it removed young girls from adult control, and then required them to attend meetings held at night." Soviet citizens felt that if they released their hold on their children, they would be corrupted by the
Komsomol's influence. They also worried that if their daughters became independent and promiscuous, then no man would want to marry them. Moreover, parents wondered who would take care of the home if all the young women left home to join the Komsomol.
574:, known as Zhenotdel, openly criticized the youth organization. Komsomol women were provided little in the way of programs that might encourage their involvement. Annual conferences, where organization leaders gathered to discuss topics of interest to female members, were in fact the only activities in which early Komsomol women took part. The Youth League therefore made concerted efforts to resolve these issues and raise membership amongst peasant women.
481:". The Komsomol sought to provide its members with alternative leisure activities that promoted the improvement of society, such as volunteer work, sports, and political and drama clubs. These efforts proved largely unsuccessful, since the Bolshevik Party and the Komsomol were not in touch with Soviet youth's desires and thus were unable to address them. Soviet youth remained relatively politically unaware or uninterested during the NEP period.
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Bolshevik regime. The Party's disapproval of young militants was necessary in order not only to define what was considered proper behavior, but also to maintain social and political control over the masses. However, after Stalin came to power and the NEP was abandoned in favor of the Five-Year Plans, many of the young socialists ideas were absorbed back into the mainstream and they no longer presented a problem.
511:, drinking, smoking and general mischievous behavior, as it posed moral danger to the organization's young members. The majority of the youth did not take this well, as unsavory activities were enticing to them. At a time when membership was at its lowest (1.7 million in 1925), the Komsomol harmed only itself, as this type of campaign further distanced the organization from their target audience.
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the streets, declaring their independence from religion. Problems came when the enthusiastic youth took this passion too far. Open harassment of church members sprang up, and earned the
Komsomol a negative image in the minds of older generations. When the League made attempts to draw back on their anti-religious rhetoric, Soviet youth became increasingly disinterested in the organization.
532:. Both the authorities and the youths themselves blamed the NEP for corrupting Soviet youth culture. Because the Komsomol was simply not as attractive to these young men and women, the government began to limit their cultural and entertainment options. This signalled the end of the NEP, and the end of the brief influx of Western culture in the Soviet Union before Stalin's ascendancy.
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Komsomol. However, it soon became obvious that peasants were too large a part of the population (80%) to ignore. Also, peasants, who were benefiting from the NEP's compromise with small producers, were in a better position to join than workers, who struggled with unemployment and other economic problems and thus had less interest in joining.
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wider range of opportunity than women whose only role had been caretaking. Here lies the irony of the government's efforts: the
Komsomol tried desperately to empower young women to achieve equality, yet women's perceptions of themselves worsened because they were now being directly compared to their much more prepared counterparts.
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more affected by the government's revocation of private ownership, and many were uninterested in allowing their children to participate. For its part, the urban population viewed itself as superior to the peasants. They saw the rural members as backward and uneducated, and were angered by their swelling numbers.
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in two opposite ways: radicals gave up everything that had any
Western or capitalist connotations, while the majority of Russian youths felt drawn to the Western-style popular culture of entertainment and fashion. As a result, there was a major slump in interest and membership in the Party-oriented Komsomol.
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Soldiers returning from the Civil War, students in provincial towns, and workers fleeing the poverty of the cities established the first rural
Komsomol cells in 1918. Most administrators, who wanted to retain the "proletarian character" of the organization, did not initially welcome peasants into the
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Militant young
Communists were a threat to the older Bolsheviks because they had the potential to undermine the new, NEP-based society. The shift from destruction of an old state to creation of a new one, mirrored by the shift from War Communism to the NEP, was necessary to maintain and stabilise the
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Both the urban and rural populations had problems with the
Komsomol's attempts to unify the two demographics. Rural parents believed that because the League's administration was city-centered, their children would be negatively influenced by city dwellers. In addition, land-owning peasants were much
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Representatives were sent to the countryside to reveal to potential recruits that they were being oppressed by male dominance, and that the youth organization provided them with an opportunity to recreate themselves as independent women. However, women did not rally to the League in the numbers that
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Women, generally, were also unprepared for the realities of the workforce. The ancient structure of female subordination allowed for little in terms of work experience. Men had been given better education and were traditionally raised to take part in military and industry. Therefore, they had a much
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from society. However, the NEP had the opposite effect: after it started, many aspects of
Western social behavior began to reemerge. The contrast between the "Good Communist" extolled by the Party and the capitalism fostered by NEP confused many young people. They rebelled against the Party's ideals
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The first Komsomol Congress met in 1918 under the patronage of the Bolshevik Party, despite the two organizations' not entirely coincident membership or beliefs. Party intervention in 1922–1923 proved marginally successful in recruiting members by presenting the ideal Komsomolets (Komsomol youth) as
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Many youths were drawn to "hooliganism" and the Western culture of entertainment, which included cinema and fashion magazines. It is no coincidence that these youths were primarily from the peasantry or working class. They saw Western culture as a way to elevate or distinguish themselves from their
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The Komsomol had little direct influence on the Communist Party or on the government of the Soviet Union, but it played an important role as a mechanism for teaching the values of the CPSU to the younger generation. The Komsomol also served as a mobile pool of labor and political activism, with the
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nature. The new communist regime wished to dismantle the already limited control the Orthodox church had on society, and the young were generally more interested in seeing the upheaval of old traditions than their elders who had lived under the tsar's rule. The Komsomol rallied members to march in
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tone to one with emphasis on philosophical education through book-learning and stability of the state by peaceful means. The young communists were uninterested in these new principles, and mass culture campaigns became the most important tool used by the Komsomol as an attempt to retain membership
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Not only was the ideal Communist youth an asset to his or her organization, but (s)he also "lived correctly". This meant that every aspect of a Komsomolets's life was to be in accordance with Party doctrine. Smoking, drinking, religion, and any other activity the Bolsheviks saw as threatening were
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Older peasants reacted negatively to the growth of the Komsomol in rural areas. They saw the administrators as intruders who prevented their children from fulfilling their family obligations. The Komsomol needed full-time commitment, and peasant youths, who saw it as a chance for social mobility,
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Even though the Communist Party preached and demanded equality, men dominated both the governing body and the Komsomol's leadership. Upward mobility, contrary to initial belief, was incredibly hard for women to achieve. In addition, the organization openly encouraged its female members to pursue
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was to be "a lively, active, healthy, disciplined youngster who subordinates himself to the collective and is prepared for and dedicated to learn, study, and work." By establishing strict guidelines to what they expected, the Komsomol was able to denounce the traits and habits they saw as being
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The Komsomol also found it difficult to recruit and motivate young women amongst the rural populations. During NEP, this demographic represented only 8% of the organization. Poor membership numbers from rural areas were the result of several different factors. By 1925, the failure to implement
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The ideology of the new Soviet government under Vladimir Lenin strove to break down societal barriers believed to be harmful to the goal of unity. Specifically, it hoped to elevate women to a level of equality with men. The Komsomol pushed hard to recruit young women and raise them in this new
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either the Mensheviks nor the Bolsheviks organized a special youth section before 1917. Te Bolsheviks, like the Mensheviks, had only a limited number of activists to carry out revolutionary tasks, a disproportionate number of them were very young. To create two overlapping organizations, each
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Major conflicts surfaced when the government took these new steps. The Bolshevik Party was not the most popular at the time, and much of the rest of the nation wished to hold onto their patriarchal values. Parents hesitated to allow their daughters to join the youth organization, because "the
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By 1925, Komsomol had 1 million members, and many others were in theater groups for younger children. In March 1926, Komsomol membership reached a NEP-period peak of 1,750,000 members: only 6% of the eligible youth population. Only when Stalin came to power and abandoned the NEP in the
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in the mid-1980s, when the Soviet authorities began cautiously introducing private enterprise, the Komsomol received privileges with respect to initiating businesses, with the motivation of giving youth a better chance. The government, unions and the Komsomol jointly introduced
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299:(1928–1933) did membership increase drastically. The youngest youth eligible for Komsomol membership were fourteen years old. The upper age-limit for ordinary personnel was twenty-eight, but Komsomol functionaries could be older. Younger children joined the allied
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had, in effect, acquired control of the organization, and it was soon formally established as the youth division of the Communist party. However, the party was not very successful overall in recruiting Russian youth during the NEP period (1921–1928).
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humble beginnings. The Soviet authorities eventually made their own films with ideologically "pure" messages, but it was not the same. Soviet pictures, which were often informational or political, lacked the draw of Westerns or romances from
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One of the most popular campaigns was the Novyi Byt (The New Way of Life). At these assemblies, the leadership of the Komsomol promoted the values they considered to be the most important for the ideal young communist. The
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266:(NEP), introduced a new social policy of moderation and discipline, especially regarding Soviet youth. Lenin himself stressed the importance of political education of young Soviet citizens in building a new society.
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373:(1987). At the same time, many Komsomol managers joined and directed the Russian Regional and State Anti-Monopoly Committees. Folklore quickly coined a motto: "The Komsomol is a school of Capitalism", hinting at
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570:, society still perceiving them to be inferior both because they were women and because they came from the peasant class. Various women's organizations criticized the Komsomol for these failures. Chiefly, the
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education, and economic success, were willing to abandon their traditional duties to join. At the end of NEP, the majority of Komsomol members were peasants, while the administration remained largely urban.
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The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the
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Komsomol adopted meritocratic, supposedly class-blind membership policies in 1935, but the result was a decline in working-class youth members, and a dominance by the better educated youth.
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of 1917–1922 ended, the Soviet government under Lenin introduced a semi-capitalist economic policy to stabilize Russia's floundering economy. This reform, the
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did not display any interest in establishing or maintaining a youth division, but the policy emphasis shifted in the following months. After the
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assigned Komsomol major responsibilities for promoting industrialization at the factory level. In 1929, 7,000 Komsomol cadets were building the
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This came about because of conflict and disillusionment among Soviet youth who romanticised the spontaneity and destruction characteristic of
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286:(1918–1921) and the Civil War period. They saw it as their duty, and the duty of the Communist Party itself, to eliminate all elements of
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Tirado, Isabel A (1996). "The Komsomol and the KrestIanka: the Political Mobilization of Young Women in the Russian Village, 1921–1927".
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Neumann, Matthias (2008). "Revolutionizing Mind and Soul? Soviet Youth and Cultural Campaigns during the New Economic Policy (1921–8)".
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Neumann, Matthias (2008). "Revolutionizing Mind and Soul? Soviet Youth and Cultural Campaigns during the New Economic Policy (1921–8)".
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Bernstein, Seth (2015). "Class Dismissed? New Elites and Old Enemies among the "Best" Socialist Youth in the Komsomol, 1934–41".
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Gooderham, Peter (1982). "The Komsomol and Worker Youth: The Inculcation of 'Communist Values' in Leningrad during NEP".
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Seth Bernstein, "Class Dismissed? New Elites and Old Enemies among the "Best" Socialist Youth in the Komsomol, 1934–41."
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Gorsuch, Anne E. (1996). "A Woman Is Not a Man": The Culture of Gender and Generation in Soviet Russia, 1921–1928".
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Gorsuch, Anne E (1996). "A Woman Is Not A Man: The Culture of Gender and Generation in Soviet Russia, 1921–1928".
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212:(CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU".
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It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the
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Tirado, Isabel A (1993). "The Komsomol and Young Peasants: The Dilemma of Rural Expansion, 1921–1925".
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357:, CPSU General Secretary (1982–1984), achieved notice through work with the Komsomol organization of
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Gorsuch, Anne E (1997). "NEP Be Damned! Young Militants in the 1920s and the Culture of Civil War".
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in 1940–1944. At its largest, during the 1970s, the Komsomol had tens of millions of members.
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was a model used during the Second World War, while the first Soviet nuclear submarine was
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A number of youth organizations of successor parties to the CPSU continue to use the name
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Re-organized after the dissolution Still active but no longer identified with communism
1912:(The VLKSM in the political system of Soviet society). Moscow: Molodaia gvardiia, 1981.
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Gorsuch, Anne E (1992). "Soviet Youth and the Politics of Popular Culture during NEP".
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Komsomol direction. Document in the USSR youth guarantee compulsory employment (1980)
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The Birth of the Propaganda State: Soviet Methods of Mass Mobilization, 1917–1929
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ability to relocate to areas of high-priority at short notice. In the 1920s the
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Active members received privileges and preferences in promotion. For example,
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in September 1991, the organization was disbanded. The Komsomol's newspaper,
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Monument to Courage, Firmness and Faithfulness of Members of the Komsomol in
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Russia's Youth and its Culture: A Nation's Constructors and Constructed
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17:
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274:". By the time of the second Congress, a year later, however, the
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Soviet Women in Combat: A History of Violence on the Eastern Front
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Raised under Stalin: Young Communists and the Defense of Socialism
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396:(April 1987) altered the rules of the organization to represent a
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410:, outlived the organization and is still published (as of 2022).
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Vsesoyuznyy leninskiy kommunisticheskiy soyuz molodyozhi (VLKSM)
37:"RKSM" redirects here. For the air base with the ICAO code, see
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1966:
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Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy
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League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class
882:: Ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи РСФСР, ЛКСМ РСФСР
1099:
1048:Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи (ВЛКСМ)
832:Ленинский коммунистический союз молодежи Карело-Финской ССР
3987:
General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
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Centers for Scientific and Technical Creativity for Youth
208:. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the
27:
Youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1937:
1242:. Cambridge University Press (published 1985). pp.
778:Հայաստանի լենինյան կոմունիստական երիտասարդական միություն
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Organization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
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Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
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League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy Abroad
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the organization hoped for. The Komsomol turned to the
349:
1948 stamp marking the 30th anniversary of the Komsomol
1952:
1947:
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positions of teaching and nurturing of young Soviets.
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VLKSM v politicheskoi systeme sovetskogo obshchestva.
1234:(29 November 1985). "The Komsomol in the Civil War".
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All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (Komsomol)
1942:
1577:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 167.
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3361:
3352:
3310:
3282:
3239:
3227:
3160:
3087:
2964:
2831:
2822:
2815:
2703:
2550:
2543:
2514:
2396:
2365:
2276:
2221:
2212:
2139:
2036:
1998:
1105:
1102:
1093:
178:
157:
147:
137:
116:
106:
91:
76:
59:Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи
48:
2130:Seychelles People's Progressive Front Youth League
1235:
611:Leaders (First Secretary of the Central Committee)
1644:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. p. 268.
855:Latvijas Ļeņina Komunistiskā Jaunatnes Savienība
2114:People's Revolutionary Youth Union of Kampuchea
332:Central Committee of the Young Communist League
941:Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union
566:equality in the Komsomol was evident to young
4048:Youth organizations based in the Soviet Union
3863:Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
2190:
1978:
1137:
792:(Азәрбајҹан Ленин Коммунист Ҝәнҹләр Иттифагы)
377:'s "Trade unions are a school of Communism".
301:Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
57:
8:
2481:Political Administration of the Armed Forces
2098:Democratic Youth Organisation of Afghanistan
903:Ленінська Комуністична спілка молоді України
578:Strategies for recruiting women in the 1920s
867:Lietuvos Lenino komunistinė jaunimo sąjunga
815:Eestimaa Leninlik Kommunistlik Noorsooühing
803:Ленінскі Камуністычны саюз моладзі Беларусі
790:Azərbaycan Lenin Kommunist Gənclər İttifaqı
514:The Komsomol also launched campaigns of an
4068:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
3842:
3802:
3687:
3358:
3236:
2828:
2819:
2547:
2218:
2197:
2183:
2175:
1985:
1971:
1963:
915:Ўзбекистон Ленинчи коммунистик ёшлар союзи
767:, commemorating the centennial of Komsomol
507:harmful to the youth. It condemned sexual
45:
3965:State Committee on the State of Emergency
1191:The Southwestern Social Science Quarterly
440:at a meeting with Komsomol members (1935)
194:All-Union Leninist Young Communist League
4012:Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad
1333:Tsarist and Communist Russia, 1855–1964
319:), 57,000 others built factories in the
4053:Youth organizations established in 1918
2093:League of Socialist Youth of Yugoslavia
1177:
1039:
489:In 1922, with the establishment of the
2022:Lao People's Revolutionary Youth Union
402:Twenty-second Congress of the Komsomol
1784:Southwestern Social Science Quarterly
1127:
572:Women's Bureau of the Communist Party
485:Youth campaigns during the NEP period
7:
4063:Organizations disestablished in 1991
3982:Bloc of Communists and Non-Partisans
3406:CC of the 7th Conf. (Apr.–Aug. 1917)
2152:World Federation of Democratic Youth
2056:Mongolian Revolutionary Youth League
417:, as does the youth organization of
2206:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
971:is named after the Komsomol, as is
210:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
152:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
2088:Czechoslovak Socialist Youth Union
998:towns and cities named Komsomolsky
394:Twentieth Congress of the Komsomol
25:
2011:Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union
1782:Hulicka, Karel; "The Komsomol."
1023:Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union
961:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
336:Communist Party General Secretary
4043:Youth wings of communist parties
4002:Siberian Social-Democratic Union
2071:Hungarian Young Communist League
2027:Socialist Patriotic Youth League
1925:
1574:Historical Dictionary of Estonia
1080:
448:Komsomol membership card, (1983)
68:
2119:Congolese Socialist Youth Union
2006:Communist Youth League of China
1018:Communist Youth League of China
986:; a later submarine was called
965:Order of the October Revolution
3893:Group of Democratic Centralism
2076:Dimitrov Communist Youth Union
111:Russian Communist Youth League
1:
4058:1918 establishments in Russia
3401:CC of the 6th Conf. (1912–17)
3386:CC of the 1st Conf. (1905–06)
2501:Transportation-Communications
2496:Trade and Consumers' Services
2476:Planning and Financial Organs
2147:Young Communist International
2109:Mozambican Youth Organisation
2066:Labour Youth Union of Albania
313:tractor factory in Stalingrad
2061:Polish Socialist Youth Union
1571:Toivo Miljan (21 May 2015).
951:The Komsomol received three
934:
561:Recruitment of peasant women
472:21 Congress Komsomol, (1990)
464:20 Congress Komsomol, (1987)
2124:National Youth Organisation
1055:
977:Komsomolets armored tractor
929:Voluntary People's Druzhina
591:Class issues in recruitment
540:Young women in the Komsomol
364:During the early phases of
95:28 September 1991
4084:
3947:Bloc of Soviet Oppositions
3941:Union of Marxist-Leninists
36:
29:
2471:Organisational-party Work
2165:
1858:10.1080/03071020802268330
1768:10.1080/03071029208567834
1673:10.1080/09668138208411442
1377:10.1080/03071020802268330
1138:
1120:
1047:
975:in the Arctic Ocean. The
270:a foil to the "bourgeois
158:International affiliation
80:29 October 1918
67:
58:
32:Komsomol (disambiguation)
2461:Light- and Food Industry
2082:Union of Communist Youth
1638:Bernstein, Seth (2017).
1895:10.1163/187633196X00222
1433:Gorsuch 1997, p. 569-77
1185:Hulicka, Karel (1962).
996:There are also several
957:Order of the Red Banner
935:Children's organization
330:Plenary session of the
227:, and at nine from the
218:unification of the USSR
2366:Decision-making bodies
2016:Young Communist League
1415:Gooderham 1982, p. 512
1353:Gooderham 1982, p. 518
1295:Gooderham 1982, p. 507
1277:Gooderham 1982, p. 509
1125:Russian pronunciation:
876:: UTCLM (abbreviation)
768:
473:
465:
457:
449:
441:
350:
342:
247:
52:Young Communist League
2530:Bolshevik / Kommunist
2491:Science and Education
2406:Administrative Organs
2373:Politburo / Presidium
1993:Communist youth wings
1134:syllabic abbreviation
758:
471:
463:
455:
447:
436:
429:The ideal Komsomolets
348:
329:
242:
3381:3rd (Apr.–Dec. 1905)
3097:7th (Jan.–Mar. 1919)
2340:Konstantin Chernenko
2261:Konstantin Chernenko
1934:at Wikimedia Commons
1799:Pilkington, Hilary.
1561:74.1 (2015): 97–116.
1424:Gorsuch 1992, p. 200
1406:Gorsuch 1992, p. 198
1344:Gorsuch 1992, p. 191
1322:Gorsuch 1997, p. 573
1313:Gorsuch 1992, p. 201
1304:Gorsuch 1992, p. 192
1286:Gorsuch 1997, p. 565
684:Yevgeny Tyazhelnikov
672:Vladimir Semichastny
419:Ukrainian communists
407:Komsomolskaya Pravda
297:first Five Year Plan
184:Komsomolskaya Pravda
30:For other uses, see
3899:Workers' Opposition
3526:Auditing Commission
2816:Leadership sittings
2278:General Secretaries
1958:Komsomol Kazakhstan
1539:Tirado 1993, p. 464
1503:Gorsuch, 1996, 643.
1485:Gorsuch, 1996, 636.
1397:Neumann, 2008, 255.
1129:[kəmsɐˈmol]
648:Alexander Milchakov
491:New Economic Policy
423:Komsomol of Ukraine
264:New Economic Policy
252:February Revolution
196:, usually known as
3684:Wider organisation
3619:Control Commission
3232:Control Commission
2388:Control Commission
2310:Vyacheslav Molotov
2304:Nikolay Krestinsky
1623:10.1111/russ.10758
1548:Tirado, 1993, 463.
1530:Tirado, 1996, 349.
1521:Tirado, 1996, 348.
1512:Tirado, 1996, 347.
1494:Tirado, 1996, 351.
973:Komsomolets Island
828:Karelo-Finnish SSR
769:
710:Viktor Maksimovich
666:Aleksandr Shelepin
498:during the 1920s.
474:
466:
458:
450:
442:
438:Kliment Voroshilov
398:market orientation
351:
343:
248:
202:youth organization
200:, was a political
50:All-Union Leninist
4020:
4019:
3929:United Opposition
3876:
3875:
3841:
3840:
3801:
3800:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3363:Central Committee
3348:
3347:
3223:
3222:
3162:Control Committee
2825:Central Committee
2811:
2810:
2544:National meetings
2539:
2538:
2416:Chemical Industry
2346:Mikhail Gorbachev
2322:Nikita Khrushchev
2267:Mikhail Gorbachev
2243:Nikita Khrushchev
2214:Central Committee
2172:
2171:
2050:Free German Youth
1930:Media related to
1915:
1786:(1962): 363-373.
1584:978-0-8108-7513-5
1053:
983:Leninsky Komsomol
660:Nikolai Mikhailov
654:Aleksandr Kosarev
382:Mikhail Gorbachev
260:Russian Civil War
229:Little Octobrists
190:
189:
16:(Redirected from
4075:
3953:Anti-Party Group
3923:Right Opposition
3843:
3803:
3691:Republican-level
3688:
3359:
3237:
2829:
2820:
2763:11th (Dec. 1921)
2548:
2466:Machine Industry
2431:Defence Industry
2352:Vladimir Ivashko
2300:(Mar.–Dec. 1919)
2219:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2176:
2157:Pioneer movement
1987:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1953:Komsomol Belarus
1948:Komsomol Moldova
1943:Komsomol Ukraine
1929:
1913:
1898:
1877:
1840:
1779:
1750:
1721:
1684:
1655:
1634:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1336:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1241:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1182:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1052:romanized:
1051:
1049:
1044:
798:Byelorussian SSR
744:
731:
723:Viktor Mironenko
718:
705:
692:
477:discouraged as "
129:Marxism–Leninism
102:
100:
87:
85:
72:
62:
61:
60:
53:
46:
21:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4016:
3970:
3935:Left-Right Bloc
3911:Left Opposition
3888:Ban on factions
3872:
3837:
3797:
3671:
3613:
3520:
3371:1st (1898–1903)
3354:
3344:
3306:
3278:
3231:
3228:Elected by the
3219:
3156:
3083:
2960:
2824:
2807:
2758:10th (May 1921)
2728:4th (Nov. 1907)
2723:3rd (Aug. 1907)
2699:
2535:
2510:
2392:
2361:
2328:Leonid Brezhnev
2272:
2249:Leonid Brezhnev
2208:
2203:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2135:
2052:(East Germany)
2032:
1994:
1991:
1938:Komsomol Russia
1922:
1905:
1883:Russian History
1880:
1843:
1821:10.2307/2499719
1806:
1792:Krylova, Anna.
1753:
1724:
1702:10.2307/2502004
1687:
1658:
1652:
1637:
1608:
1605:
1603:Further reading
1600:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1457:10.2307/2502004
1442:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1331:Hannah Dalton,
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1168:
1154:munisticheskiy
1136:of the Russian
1124:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1045:
1041:
1031:
1014:
969:1283 Komsomolia
967:. The asteroid
953:Orders of Lenin
949:
937:
925:
794:, ALKGİ (АЛКҜИ)
753:
748:
738:
736:Vladimir Zyukin
725:
712:
699:
697:Boris Pastukhov
686:
642:Nikolai Chaplin
613:
593:
580:
563:
542:
525:
523:Youth reactions
487:
431:
380:The reforms of
339:Leonid Brezhnev
288:Western culture
237:
174:
133:
98:
96:
83:
81:
63:
56:
54:
51:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4081:
4079:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4025:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3917:Workers' Group
3914:
3908:
3905:Workers' Truth
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3773:Transcaucasian
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3728:Karelo-Finnish
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3667:28th (1990–91)
3664:
3662:16th (1930–34)
3659:
3657:15th (1927–30)
3654:
3652:14th (1925–27)
3649:
3647:13th (1924–25)
3644:
3642:12th (1923–24)
3639:
3637:11th (1922–23)
3634:
3632:10th (1921–22)
3629:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3609:27th (1986–90)
3606:
3604:26th (1981–86)
3601:
3599:25th (1976–81)
3596:
3594:24th (1971–76)
3591:
3589:23rd (1966–71)
3586:
3584:22nd (1961–66)
3581:
3579:20th (1956–61)
3576:
3574:19th (1952–56)
3571:
3569:18th (1939–52)
3566:
3564:17th (1934–39)
3561:
3559:16th (1930–34)
3556:
3554:15th (1927–30)
3551:
3549:14th (1925–27)
3546:
3544:13th (1924–25)
3541:
3539:10th (1921–24)
3536:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3516:28th (1990–91)
3513:
3511:27th (1986–90)
3508:
3506:26th (1981–86)
3503:
3501:25th (1976–81)
3498:
3496:24th (1971–76)
3493:
3491:23rd (1966–71)
3488:
3486:22nd (1961–66)
3483:
3481:20th (1956–61)
3478:
3476:19th (1952–56)
3473:
3471:18th (1939–52)
3468:
3466:17th (1934–39)
3463:
3461:16th (1930–34)
3458:
3456:15th (1927–30)
3453:
3451:14th (1925–27)
3448:
3446:13th (1924–25)
3443:
3441:12th (1923–24)
3438:
3436:11th (1922–23)
3433:
3431:10th (1921–22)
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3340:16th (1930–34)
3337:
3335:15th (1927–30)
3332:
3330:14th (1925–27)
3327:
3325:13th (1924–25)
3322:
3320:12th (1923–24)
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3302:14th (1925–27)
3299:
3297:13th (1924–25)
3294:
3292:12th (1923–24)
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3274:28th (1990–91)
3271:
3269:16th (1930–34)
3266:
3264:15th (1927–30)
3261:
3259:14th (1925–27)
3256:
3254:13th (1924–25)
3251:
3249:12th (1923–24)
3245:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3215:27th (1986–90)
3212:
3210:26th (1981–86)
3207:
3205:25th (1976–81)
3202:
3200:24th (1971–76)
3197:
3195:23rd (1966–71)
3192:
3190:22nd (1961–66)
3187:
3185:20th (1956–61)
3182:
3180:19th (1952–56)
3177:
3175:18th (1939–52)
3172:
3170:17th (1934–39)
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3152:18th (1939–52)
3149:
3147:17th (1934–39)
3144:
3142:16th (1930–34)
3139:
3137:15th (1927–30)
3134:
3132:14th (1925–27)
3129:
3127:13th (1924–25)
3124:
3122:12th (1923–24)
3119:
3117:11th (1922–23)
3114:
3112:10th (1921–22)
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3079:28th (1990–91)
3076:
3074:27th (1986–90)
3071:
3069:26th (1981–86)
3066:
3064:25th (1976–81)
3061:
3059:24th (1971–76)
3056:
3054:23rd (1966–71)
3051:
3049:22nd (1961–66)
3046:
3044:20th (1956–61)
3041:
3039:19th (1952–56)
3036:
3034:18th (1939–52)
3031:
3029:17th (1934–39)
3026:
3024:16th (1930–34)
3021:
3019:15th (1927–30)
3016:
3014:14th (1925–27)
3011:
3009:13th (1924–25)
3006:
3004:12th (1923–24)
3001:
2999:11th (1922–23)
2996:
2994:10th (1921–22)
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2956:28th (1990–91)
2953:
2951:27th (1986–90)
2948:
2946:26th (1981–86)
2943:
2941:25th (1976–81)
2938:
2936:24th (1971–76)
2933:
2931:23rd (1966–71)
2928:
2926:22nd (1961–66)
2923:
2921:20th (1956–61)
2918:
2916:19th (1952–56)
2913:
2911:18th (1939–52)
2908:
2906:17th (1934–39)
2903:
2901:16th (1930–34)
2898:
2896:15th (1927–30)
2893:
2891:14th (1925–27)
2888:
2886:13th (1924–25)
2883:
2881:12th (1923–24)
2878:
2876:11th (1922–23)
2873:
2871:10th (1921–22)
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Oct.–Dec. 1917
2843:
2841:Aug.–Oct. 1917
2837:
2835:
2826:
2823:Elected by the
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2446:Heavy Industry
2443:
2438:
2436:Foreign Cadres
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2292:Yakov Sverdlov
2289:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2231:Vladimir Lenin
2227:
2225:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2046:(Soviet Union)
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1921:
1920:External links
1918:
1917:
1916:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1878:
1846:Social History
1841:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1780:
1762:(2): 189–201.
1756:Social History
1751:
1739:10.2307/131566
1727:Russian Review
1722:
1685:
1661:Soviet Studies
1656:
1650:
1635:
1611:Russian Review
1604:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1583:
1563:
1559:Russian Review
1550:
1541:
1532:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1487:
1478:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1365:Social History
1355:
1346:
1337:
1335:(2015) p 132.
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1252:
1223:
1197:(4): 363–373.
1187:"The Komsomol"
1176:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1142:мунистический
1072:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1010:
948:
945:
944:
943:
936:
933:
932:
931:
924:
921:
920:
919:
907:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
862:Lithuanian SSR
859:
847:
841:
835:
825:
819:
807:
795:
785:Azerbaijan SSR
782:
752:
749:
747:
746:
733:
720:
707:
694:
681:
675:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
639:
636:Pyotr Smorodin
633:
630:Lazar Shatskin
627:
621:
614:
612:
609:
592:
589:
579:
576:
562:
559:
541:
538:
524:
521:
516:anti-religious
504:New Soviet Man
486:
483:
430:
427:
375:Vladimir Lenin
334:in 1968, with
236:
233:
225:Young Pioneers
188:
187:
180:
176:
175:
173:
172:
167:
161:
159:
155:
154:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
132:
131:
126:
120:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
93:
89:
88:
78:
74:
73:
65:
64:
55:
39:Seoul Air Base
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4080:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
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3927:
3924:
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3918:
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3912:
3909:
3906:
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3900:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:9th (1920–21)
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:8th (1919–21)
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:9th (1920–21)
3424:
3422:
3421:8th (1919–20)
3419:
3417:
3416:7th (1918–19)
3414:
3412:
3411:6th (1917–18)
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:5th (1907–12)
3394:
3392:
3391:4th (1906–07)
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3376:2nd (1903–05)
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3351:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3226:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:9th (1920–21)
3105:
3103:
3102:8th (1919–20)
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:9th (1920–21)
2987:
2985:
2984:8th (1919–20)
2982:
2980:
2979:7th (1918–19)
2977:
2975:
2974:6th (1917–18)
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:9th (1920–21)
2864:
2862:
2861:8th (1919–20)
2859:
2857:
2856:7th (1918–19)
2854:
2852:
2851:6th (1917–18)
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:International
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2334:Yuri Andropov
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2316:Joseph Stalin
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:Elena Stasova
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2286:Elena Stasova
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2255:Yuri Andropov
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2237:Joseph Stalin
2235:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2177:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2103:Youth of MPLA
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:(North Korea)
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1914:– In Russian.
1911:
1908:Il'insky, I.
1907:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1892:
1889:(1): 345–66.
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:(3): 243–67.
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:(3): 460–76.
1814:
1810:
1809:Slavic Review
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1733:(4): 564–80.
1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1696:(3): 636–60.
1695:
1691:
1690:Slavic Review
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:(4): 506–28.
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1651:9781501709883
1647:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1617:(1): 97–116.
1616:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1586:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1527:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:Slavic Review
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1255:
1253:9780521313988
1249:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1116:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1057:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
991:
985:
984:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
946:
942:
939:
938:
930:
927:
926:
923:Public safety
922:
917:
916:
911:
908:
905:
904:
899:
898:Ukrainian SSR
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
874:Moldavian SSR
872:
869:
868:
863:
860:
857:
856:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
811:
808:
805:
804:
799:
796:
793:
791:
786:
783:
780:
779:
774:
771:
770:
766:
762:
761:postage stamp
757:
750:
742:
737:
734:
729:
724:
721:
716:
711:
708:
703:
698:
695:
690:
685:
682:
679:
678:Sergei Pavlov
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
618:Yefim Tsetlin
616:
615:
610:
608:
605:
601:
597:
590:
588:
586:
577:
575:
573:
569:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
539:
537:
533:
531:
522:
520:
517:
512:
510:
505:
499:
496:
492:
484:
482:
480:
470:
462:
454:
446:
439:
435:
428:
426:
424:
420:
416:
411:
409:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
367:
362:
360:
356:
355:Yuri Andropov
347:
340:
337:
333:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
304:
302:
298:
292:
289:
285:
284:War Communism
280:
277:
273:
267:
265:
261:
257:
254:of 1917, the
253:
246:
241:
234:
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3846:Other organs
3763:Russian SFSR
3708:Byelorussian
2528:
2521:
2515:Publications
2421:Construction
2358:, Aug. 1991)
2355:
2132:(Seychelles)
2043:
1909:
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1812:
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1264:
1257:. Retrieved
1237:
1232:Kenez, Peter
1226:
1214:. Retrieved
1194:
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1180:
1171:
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1159:
1155:
1151:
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1032:
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982:
950:
913:
901:
880:Russian SFSR
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834:, ЛКСМ КФССР
822:Georgian SSR
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801:
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624:Oscar Ryvkin
606:
602:
598:
594:
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555:
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488:
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249:
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206:Soviet Union
197:
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191:
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148:Mother party
107:Succeeded by
43:
3806:Local-level
3703:Azerbaijani
3284:Secretariat
2966:Secretariat
2803:19th (1988)
2798:18th (1941)
2793:17th (1932)
2788:16th (1929)
2783:15th (1926)
2778:14th (1925)
2773:13th (1924)
2768:12th (1922)
2695:28th (1990)
2690:27th (1986)
2685:26th (1981)
2680:25th (1976)
2675:24th (1971)
2670:23rd (1966)
2665:22nd (1961)
2660:21st (1959)
2655:20th (1956)
2650:19th (1952)
2645:18th (1939)
2640:17th (1934)
2635:16th (1930)
2630:15th (1927)
2625:14th (1925)
2620:13th (1924)
2615:12th (1923)
2610:11th (1922)
2605:10th (1921)
2451:Information
2411:Agriculture
2398:Departments
2378:Secretariat
1119:; Russian:
1002:Komsomolets
990:Komsomolets
892:Turkmen SSR
850:Latvian SSR
844:Kirghiz SSR
745:(1990–1991)
739: [
732:(1986–1990)
726: [
719:(1982–1986)
713: [
706:(1977–1982)
700: [
693:(1968–1977)
687: [
680:(1959–1968)
674:(1958–1959)
668:(1952–1958)
662:(1938–1952)
656:(1929–1938)
650:(1928–1929)
644:(1924–1928)
638:(1922–1924)
632:(1921–1922)
626:(1918–1921)
620:(1918–1919)
568:rural women
509:promiscuity
479:hooliganism
386:perestroika
366:perestroika
250:Before the
4027:Categories
3778:Turkestani
3753:Lithuanian
3353:Elected by
2753:9th (1920)
2748:8th (1919)
2743:7th (1917)
2738:6th (1912)
2733:5th (1908)
2718:2nd (1906)
2713:1st (1905)
2705:Conference
2600:9th (1920)
2595:8th (1919)
2590:7th (1918)
2585:6th (1917)
2580:5th (1907)
2575:4th (1906)
2570:3rd (1905)
2565:2nd (1903)
2560:1st (1898)
2486:Propaganda
2078:(Bulgaria)
1903:in Russian
1451:(3): 641.
1371:(3): 248.
1259:8 December
1029:References
1006:Komsomolsk
963:, and one
838:Kazakh SSR
276:Bolsheviks
256:Bolsheviks
245:Sevastopol
99:1991-09-28
84:1918-10-29
3961:(1990–91)
3949:(1932–33)
3931:(1926–27)
3925:(1924–33)
3919:(1923–30)
3913:(1923–27)
3907:(1921–23)
3901:(1920–21)
3895:(1919–21)
3881:Groupings
3788:Ukrainian
3758:Moldavian
3312:Collegium
3241:Presidium
2833:Politburo
2348:(1985–91)
2342:(1984–85)
2336:(1982–84)
2330:(1964–82)
2324:(1953–64)
2318:(1922–52)
2312:(1921–22)
2306:(1919–21)
2294:(1918–19)
2288:(1917–18)
2269:(1985–91)
2263:(1984–85)
2257:(1982–84)
2251:(1964–82)
2245:(1953–64)
2239:(1924–53)
2233:(1912–24)
2126:(Grenada)
2105:(Angola)
2084:(Romania)
1874:144957625
1837:163978982
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1385:144957625
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1172:Citations
1046:Russian:
918:, OʻzLKSM
910:Uzbek SSR
886:Tajik SSR
585:Zhenotdel
530:Hollywood
341:presiding
317:Volgograd
179:Newspaper
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92:Dissolved
4033:Komsomol
3975:See also
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390:glasnost
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2140:Related
1999:Current
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2356:acting
2037:Former
2018:(Cuba)
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3768:Tajik
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1862:JSTOR
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1772:JSTOR
1743:JSTOR
1714:S2CID
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1677:JSTOR
1627:JSTOR
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1246:–86.
1207:JSTOR
1034:Notes
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321:Urals
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981:K-3
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