276:, noted that the fact that the rocket sought to correct its trajectory was an engineering success. The investigation pointed to a malfunctioning "mechanical safety device", that hindered the transmission of the pyrotechnic order, as responsible for the accident. Fabio Wagner Costa, from the University Center of Brasilia, reports that the test was considered positive because it allowed "the validation of important components, including the control system".
1373:
93:
24:
245:
revealed that of the four boosters, one was not engaged, causing it to go off course. The rocket was destroyed at a height of 3,230 metres (10,600 ft), and its debris fell into the interdicted sea area about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the launch pad. At the time of the destruction, the rocket was going 700 km/h.
291:
separately. The "integrated test", with all four boosters, only occurred with the launch, contrary to what the ITA had advised. The military was warned about the risk of an accident months before the launch. Not all the tests were performed on the safety mechanism responsible for the accident due to
244:
D, which caused the rocket to climb at an incline. Although the vehicle corrected the inclination, about seven tons of dead weight unbalanced the ascent, which led, 65 seconds after launch, to the remote destruction of a satellite worth $ 5 million and a $ 6.5 million rocket. It was later
213:
had his visit to the base moved forward to
October 21. Initially the launch was to take place in early September; however, delays at the center and the fact that the rocket was struck by lightning postponed the preparations. AEB sought to work with
229:, which would track the launch and identify the satellite's orbit. If the next attempt did not occur by the end of the planned window (November 10), the rocket would have to be put into a horizontal position due to the instability of its fuel.
186:
The satellite was planned to be placed into a circular orbit with an altitude of 750 kilometers, and on
February 20, the payload fairing separation test had already been successfully carried out. On July 1, 1997, the equipment was sent to the
1149:
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998:
175:. It was originally planned to launch in 1989. However, it was later delayed to 1990, then 1994, 1995, finally becoming ready in 1997 within "Operation Brazil". The mission had the objective of placing in orbit the
1120:
979:
209:
barred the Press and civil authorities from attending the launch, claiming "security issues and lack of infrastructure" for receiving the press and guests at the base. As a result, President
930:. This only ended in 1995 when the country signed the treaty on non-proliferation of high destruction missiles (MITCR). Another reason was the lack of financial resources for the project.
191:
base and both the rocket and the satellite were ready by August 1997. For a launch cost of R$ 7.215 million in 1997 (US$ 12.41 million in 2024), it would be cheaper than the U.S. rocket
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1734:
283:, speaking anonymously to the media, said that the accident could have been avoided if the entire boosters assembly had been tested in an integrated manner, but the
1361:
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284:
225:
The launch was supposed to take place on
October 26, 1997, but was delayed in the early hours of the same day due to a malfunction in the Doppler radar, made by
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At 12:25 a.m. (UTC) the rocket was launched with a mass of 50 tons at the time of launch. Within about a minute the technicians noticed a problem with
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On
November 2, during the countdown, the timer had to be paused for about 15 minutes due to a plane crossing the restricted airspace.
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satellite into orbit. The launch was unsuccessful, with the rocket being remotely destroyed due to deviation from its trajectory.
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Relatório da
Investigação do Acidente ocorrido com o VLS-1 VO3, em 22 de agosto de 2003, em Alcântara, Maranhão
1248:
Berquó, Jolan
Eduardo; Coelho, Elizabeth Cabral; Martinolli, João Bosco; Corrêa, Cleber Souza (February 2004).
192:
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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183:, and to test the vehicle in flight. The first prototype of the VLS was 80% Brazilian technology.
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The next launch occurred in 1999, ending with the remote destruction of the vehicle and the
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was the first launch of the VLS-1 rocket that took place on
November 2, 1997, from the
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2293:
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1985:
1881:
1422:
1292:(Monograph) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Centro Universitário de Brasília. p. 60.
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2040:
1854:
1557:
1684:
249:
264:. On the return of the broadcast, Colonel Thiago da Silva announced the failure.
2121:
2098:
2087:
1951:
1886:
1844:
1796:
1067:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 49, no. 6780. August 1997. p. 19.
1017:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 116, no. 33669. 1993-06-16. p. 7.
226:
219:
23:
1180:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 50, no. 6838. 1997-11-06. p. 14.
1127:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 104, no. 216. 1997-10-27. p. 10.
1042:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 170, no. 221. 1997-07-02. p. 10.
926:
Much of the delay is due to the technological embargo Brazil suffered from the
2426:
2347:
2297:
2231:
2191:
2166:
2146:
1906:
1156:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 107, no. 209. 1997-11-03. p. 4.
1103:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 104, no. 211. 1997-10-22. p. 4.
1091:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 107, no. 197. 1997-10-22. p. 6.
1005:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 7, no. 2478. 1990-05-27. p. 5.
2468:
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2092:
1980:
1936:
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1790:
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1584:
1448:
130:
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1990:
1911:
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which cost R$ 16.65 million (US$ 28.64 million in 2024) per launch.
2342:
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2000:
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1849:
737:
939:"Jornal do Brasil" said that the rocket would be ignited by President
870:
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2437:
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1870:
1803:
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468:
334:
Booster D does not engage, which affects the orientation of the VLS.
296:
92:
2602:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
1237:"Inpe cancela programa de microssatélites, após fracasso com Saci-2"
1168:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 171. November 1997. p. 14.
885:
759:
560:
1193:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 48, no. 14586. p. 4.
2246:
2196:
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2116:
1809:
1785:
1657:
1578:
1562:
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1507:
1497:
774:
644:
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161:
34:
1115:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 171. 1997-10-22. p. 12.
1079:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 171. 1997-10-17. p. 10.
1417:
1716:
1343:
1703:(collaboration with the United States and 10 other countries)
518:
248:
A 15-minute pause was taken in the picture chain operated by
831:
804:
575:
548:
533:
456:
927:
722:
659:
1097:"VLS deixa Brasil entre os 8 mais em conquistas espaciais"
842:
840:
503:
1055:(in Brazilian Portuguese). No. 2367. pp. 49–50.
620:
1162:"Aeronáutica prevê lançamento de satélite neste domingo"
1061:"Foguete brasileiro colocará em órbita o satélite SCD2A"
1134:"Foguete brasileiro fracassa, é destruído e cai no mar"
164:
rocket was originally proposed in 1979 as part of the
986:(in Brazilian Portuguese). No. 1703. p. 119
1306:(Thesis) (in Brazilian Portuguese). IAE. p. 24.
1693:
1650:
1619:
1598:
1571:
1550:
1541:
1521:
1485:
1476:
1431:
1400:
1393:
272:Luiz Gylvan Meira Filho, the then-president of the
119:
111:
103:
86:
73:
49:
41:
33:
1205:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 1997-11-10. p. 22.
1187:"O Brasil reumo à aventura de conquistar o espaço"
956:The accident sequence is technically described in
980:"Com a subida do Sonda IV, o futuro está lançado"
999:"Brasil constrói seu primeiro satélite genuíno"
2598:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
1728:
1355:
1212:"Brasil, o novo sócio do clube dos satélites"
1024:"Teste aprova foguete e satélite brasileiros"
299:satellite about three minutes after liftoff.
292:the pressure to get the launch done on time.
8:
680:, p. 12, Um super esquema de segurança.
252:and broadcast to auditoriums with guests in
16:
1642:Aerospace Technology and Science Department
1735:
1721:
1713:
1547:
1482:
1397:
1362:
1348:
1340:
1274:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
306:
22:
1150:"Lançamento de foguete acaba em explosão"
1320:(in Brazilian Portuguese) (2 ed.).
1210:Monteiro, Ricardo Rego (December 1997).
957:
947:through a satellite transmission system.
846:
819:
789:
1300:O Veículo Lançador de Satélites - VLS-1
1199:"Especialista apontou falha no foguete"
1036:"Equipamentos para a base de Alcântara"
919:
449:
1267:
1230:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 1999-11-11.
1218:(in Brazilian Portuguese). p. 21.
1121:"Lançamento do foguete VLS é suspenso"
1011:"Inpe deverá ter reforço orçamentário"
15:
1632:National Institute for Space Research
1174:"Fracasso do foguete estava previsto"
1132:Neto, Ricardo Bolanume (1997-11-03).
1022:Bonalume Neto, Ricardo (1997-02-21).
900:
858:
7:
1257:. São José dos Campos. p. 118.
1109:"Foguete brasileiro já está na base"
222:to broadcast the launch nationwide.
1637:Aeronautics Institute of Technology
1581:("Cruzeiro do Sul" launcher family)
1314:Introdução à Tecnologia de Foguetes
281:Aeronautics Institute of Technology
1311:Palmerio, Ariovaldo Feliz (2017).
14:
1606:Barreira do Inferno Launch Center
1297:Bôas, Danton José Fortes Villas.
1185:Lino, Geraldo Luís (1997-11-06).
1387:Science and technology in Brazil
1371:
1264:from the original on 2013-11-08.
1144:from the original on 2004-01-30.
357:Remote destruction of the rocket
166:Brazilian Complete Space Mission
91:
1047:Cardoso, Beatriz (1997-08-16).
1286:O Programa Espacial Brasileiro
1235:Ottoboni, Júlio (1999-12-12).
1224:"Acidente adiou projeto em 97"
1073:"Brasil prepara novo satélite"
45:2 November 1997, 12:25 a.m UTC
1:
1049:"O Brasil entre as Potências"
978:Maria, Joaquim (1984-12-08).
148:with the goal of putting the
115:3,230 metres (10,600 ft)
2630:20th-century rocket launches
1587:(collaboration with Ukraine)
1283:Costa, Fabio Wagner (2004).
2635:Spacecraft launched in 1997
1140:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
492:, 21-22 de dezembro de 1997
378:Payload fairing separation
2656:
1243:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
1030:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
422:Satellite orbit injection
287:tests only addressed each
2625:Satellite launch failures
2592:
1767:
1384:
941:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
741:, 2-3 de novembro de 1997
594:, 21 de fevereiro de 1997
579:, 30-31 de agosto de 1997
354:
211:Fernando Henrique Cardoso
127:
21:
889:, 12 de dezembro de 1999
874:, 10 de novembro de 1997
564:, 11 de novembro de 1999
146:Alcântara Launch Center
1611:Alcântara Launch Center
1378:Brazilian space program
1324:: SindCT. p. 304.
1085:"Brasil rumo ao espaço"
808:, 6 de novembro de 1997
778:, 22 de outubro de 1997
763:, 3 de novembro de 1997
726:, 27 de outubro de 1997
711:, 17 de outubro de 1997
693:, 22 de outubro de 1997
678:, 22 de outubro de 1997
663:, 22 de outubro de 1997
648:, 3 de novembro de 1997
507:, 8 de dezembro de 1984
472:, 6 de novembro de 1997
438:Brazilian space program
200:Ministry of Aeronautics
179:satellite developed by
78:Alcântara Launch Center
56:Ministry of Aeronautics
1694:International programs
1627:Brazilian Space Agency
973:(Chronological order)
624:, 16 de agosto de 1997
274:Brazilian Space Agency
1701:Artemis Space Program
537:, 16 de junho de 1993
400:3rd stage separation
1751:Orbital launches in
609:, 2 de julho de 1997
522:, 27 de maio de 1990
156:Background and goals
1444:Flora Hiperspectral
1322:São José dos Campos
1216:Jornal do Commercio
1203:Jornal do Commercio
1191:Tribuna da Imprensa
1166:Jornal do Commercio
1113:Jornal do Commercio
1077:Jornal do Commercio
1040:Jornal do Commercio
872:Jornal do Commercio
739:Jornal do Commercio
709:Jornal do Commercio
691:Jornal do Commercio
676:Jornal do Commercio
607:Jornal do Commercio
490:Jornal do Commercio
470:Tribuna da Imprensa
411:4rd stage ignition
389:3rd stage shutdown
367:3rd stage ignition
342:2nd stage ignition
309:
279:A professor at the
262:São José dos Campos
18:
1138:Folha de São Paulo
960:, pp. 136–139
832:Berquó et al. 2004
761:Folha de São Paulo
549:Berquó et al. 2004
457:Berquó et al. 2004
307:
2620:Test spaceflights
2607:
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1710:
1709:
1680:Missão Centenário
1594:
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1471:
1331:978-85-62042-05-8
1241:Folha de Londrina
1228:Folha de S. Paulo
1028:Folha de S. Paulo
906:, pp. 18–22.
887:Folha de Londrina
592:Folha de S. Paulo
562:Folha de S. Paulo
429:
428:
308:Mission timeline
139:
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242:strap-on booster
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28:VLS-1 V01 launch
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120:Launch duration
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2252:Molniya-1T #98
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1480:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1433:
1432:In development
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1308:
1294:
1280:
1245:
1232:
1220:
1207:
1195:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1069:
1057:
1044:
1032:
1019:
1007:
1003:Diário do Pará
995:
971:
969:
966:
963:
962:
949:
932:
918:
917:
915:
912:
909:
908:
893:
878:
863:
851:
849:, p. 137.
836:
824:
822:, p. 138.
812:
794:
792:, p. 136.
782:
767:
745:
730:
715:
697:
682:
667:
652:
628:
613:
598:
583:
568:
553:
541:
526:
520:Diário do Pará
511:
509:, p. 119.
496:
476:
461:
448:
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
433:
430:
427:
426:
423:
420:
416:
415:
412:
409:
405:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
387:
383:
382:
379:
376:
372:
371:
368:
365:
361:
360:
355:
353:
347:
346:
343:
340:
336:
335:
332:
327:
321:
320:
317:
314:
304:
303:Flight profile
301:
269:
266:
234:
231:
157:
154:
137:
136:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
88:
84:
83:
75:
71:
70:
68:
67:
62:
57:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
31:
30:
27:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2652:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:Progress M-37
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2432:Resurs-F1M #1
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2294:Progress M-36
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Iridium MFS-2
2180:
2178:
2177:Iridium MFS-1
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Progress M-35
2051:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1986:Inmarsat-3 F4
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Progress M-34
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1540:
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1527:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
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1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
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1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
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1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
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1399:
1396:
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1388:
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1379:
1374:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1346:
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1327:
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1316:
1315:
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1302:
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1277:
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1260:
1253:
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1238:
1233:
1229:
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1221:
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1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
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1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
985:
981:
976:
975:
974:
967:
959:
958:Palmerio 2017
953:
950:
946:
942:
936:
933:
929:
923:
920:
913:
905:
903:
897:
894:
890:
888:
882:
879:
876:, p. 22.
875:
873:
867:
864:
861:, p. 11.
860:
855:
852:
848:
847:Palmerio 2017
843:
841:
837:
834:, p. 12.
833:
828:
825:
821:
820:Palmerio 2017
816:
813:
810:, p. 14.
809:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
790:Palmerio 2017
786:
783:
779:
777:
771:
768:
764:
762:
756:
754:
752:
750:
746:
743:, p. 14.
742:
740:
734:
731:
728:, p. 10.
727:
725:
719:
716:
713:, p. 10.
712:
710:
704:
702:
698:
695:, p. 12.
694:
692:
686:
683:
679:
677:
671:
668:
664:
662:
656:
653:
649:
647:
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
629:
626:, p. 49.
625:
623:
617:
614:
611:, p. 10.
610:
608:
602:
599:
595:
593:
587:
584:
581:, p. 19.
580:
578:
572:
569:
565:
563:
557:
554:
551:, p. 11.
550:
545:
542:
538:
536:
530:
527:
523:
521:
515:
512:
508:
506:
500:
497:
494:, p. 21.
493:
491:
485:
483:
481:
477:
473:
471:
465:
462:
458:
453:
450:
443:
439:
436:
435:
431:
424:
421:
418:
417:
413:
410:
407:
406:
402:
399:
396:
395:
391:
388:
385:
384:
380:
377:
374:
373:
369:
366:
363:
362:
358:
352:
349:
348:
344:
341:
338:
337:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
322:
318:
315:
312:
311:
302:
300:
298:
293:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
267:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
246:
243:
238:
232:
230:
228:
223:
221:
217:
212:
206:
201:
196:
194:
190:
184:
182:
178:
172:
167:
163:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
133: →
132:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
94:
89:
85:
82:
79:
76:
72:
66:
63:
61:
58:
55:
54:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
2599:
2595:
2579:Early Bird 1
2574:Orbcomm FM12
2569:Orbcomm FM11
2564:Orbcomm FM10
2534:Intelsat 804
2436:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2308:EchoStar III
2256:
2247:Intelsat 803
2104:
2097:
2045:
2041:Intelsat 802
1968:
1956:
1869:
1855:Intelsat 801
1840:Gonets-D1 #6
1835:Gonets-D1 #5
1830:Gonets-D1 #4
1802:
1795:
1778:
1771:
1662:
1620:Organisation
1599:Launch sites
1313:
1299:
1285:
1250:
1240:
1227:
1215:
1202:
1190:
1177:
1165:
1153:
1137:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1052:
1039:
1027:
1015:O Fluminense
1014:
1002:
988:. Retrieved
983:
972:
968:Bibliography
952:
935:
922:
901:
896:
886:
881:
871:
866:
854:
827:
815:
805:
785:
780:, p. 6.
775:
770:
760:
738:
733:
723:
718:
708:
690:
685:
675:
670:
665:, p. 4.
660:
655:
650:, p. 4.
645:
621:
616:
606:
601:
591:
586:
576:
571:
561:
556:
544:
539:, p. 7.
535:O Fluminense
534:
529:
524:, p. 5.
519:
514:
504:
499:
489:
474:, p. 4.
469:
464:
459:, p. 7.
452:
356:
350:
329:
324:
294:
278:
271:
247:
239:
236:
224:
197:
185:
159:
141:
140:
2559:Orbcomm FM9
2554:Orbcomm FM8
2549:Orbcomm FM7
2544:Orbcomm FM6
2539:Orbcomm FM5
2499:Kosmos 2348
2494:Kosmos 2347
2443:SPARTAN-201
2237:Kosmos 2346
2122:Kosmos 2345
2111:CRISTA-SPAS
2099:Soyuz TM-26
2088:Superbird-C
1996:Kosmos 2344
1964:Kosmos 2343
1952:Kosmos 2342
1947:Chinasat 6A
1902:Kosmos 2341
1887:Kosmos 2340
1860:Mozhayets 2
1825:Kosmos 2339
1820:Kosmos 2338
1815:Kosmos 2337
1797:Soyuz TM-25
227:Thomson-CSF
203: [
169: [
2614:Categories
2529:Iridium 49
2524:Iridium 48
2519:Iridium 47
2514:Iridium 46
2509:Iridium 45
2484:Iridium 44
2479:Iridium 42
2427:IndoStar-1
2412:Iridium 43
2407:Iridium 41
2402:Iridium 40
2397:Iridium 39
2392:Iridium 38
2348:FalconGOLD
2298:Sputnik 40
2284:Iridium 37
2279:Iridium 36
2274:Iridium 35
2269:Iridium 34
2264:Iridium 19
2232:Iridium 33
2227:Iridium 32
2222:Iridium 31
2217:Iridium 30
2212:Iridium 29
2207:Iridium 28
2202:Iridium 27
2192:Meteosat 7
2187:Hot Bird 3
2152:Iridium 26
2147:Iridium 25
2142:Iridium 24
2137:Iridium 23
2132:Iridium 22
2078:Iridium 21
2073:Iridium 20
2068:Iridium 18
2063:Iridium 17
2058:Iridium 15
2036:Iridium 16
2031:Iridium 14
2026:Iridium 13
2021:Iridium 12
2016:Iridium 11
2011:Iridium 10
2001:Fengyun 2A
1907:Minisat 01
1394:Satellites
1178:O Pioneiro
1065:O Pioneiro
990:2024-02-18
859:Costa 2004
806:O Pioneiro
444:References
123:65 seconds
2596:underline
2584:AsiaSat 3
2489:Galaxy 8i
2469:Equator-S
2459:Hikoboshi
2369:VLS-1 V01
2328:Apstar 2R
2313:Foton #11
2242:FAISAT-2V
2093:OrbView-2
2006:Iridium 9
1981:Telstar 5
1970:Tselina-2
1942:Iridium 8
1937:Iridium 7
1932:Iridium 6
1927:Iridium 5
1922:Iridium 4
1892:Thaicom 3
1791:Nahuel 1A
1780:GPS IIR-1
1685:Garatéa-L
1585:Tsyklon-4
1449:SABIA-Mar
1270:cite book
1125:A Tribuna
1101:A Tribuna
943:from the
724:A Tribuna
661:A Tribuna
268:Aftermath
250:Radiobrás
189:Alcântara
142:VLS-1 V01
131:VLS-1 V02
107:Destroyed
17:VLS-1 V01
2474:Astra 1G
2464:JCSAT-1B
2422:Sirius 2
2358:Maqsat-H
2353:Maqsat-B
1991:INSAT-2D
1912:Founders
1651:Missions
1572:Canceled
1544:vehicles
1522:Canceled
1513:Fogtrein
1477:Sounding
1423:Amazônia
1401:Programs
1259:Archived
1142:Archived
1053:Manchete
984:Manchete
622:Manchete
577:Pioneiro
505:Manchete
432:See also
258:São Luís
254:Brasilia
220:Telebrás
216:Embratel
50:Operator
2600:italics
2454:Orihime
2387:USA-136
2382:USA-134
2343:USA-135
2333:USA-133
2322:Huygens
2318:Cassini
2127:Agila 2
2083:USA-132
1917:GOES 10
1897:BSAT-1a
1877:USA-131
1865:Tempo-2
1850:USA-130
1845:JCSAT-R
1479:rockets
408:~07:00
330:Liftoff
319:Result
193:Pegasus
104:Outcome
87:Payload
81:VLS-Pad
2438:STS-87
2375:SCD-2A
2338:STEP-4
2289:IRS-1D
2258:STS-86
2106:STS-85
2047:STS-94
1976:Thor 2
1958:STS-84
1871:STS-83
1810:Haruka
1804:STS-82
1773:STS-81
1760:1998 →
1745:← 1996
1542:Launch
1503:VSB-30
1486:Active
1464:GEOMET
1459:LATTES
1328:
419:09:00
397:03:08
386:03:00
375:02:11
364:01:09
339:00:55
316:Event
297:SACI-2
233:Launch
177:SCD-2A
150:SCD-2A
112:Apogee
98:SCD-2A
42:Launch
37:launch
2417:Kupon
2302:X-Mir
2172:FORTE
2167:PAS-5
2157:Lewis
2117:PAS-6
1658:VLS-1
1579:VLS-1
1563:VS-50
1529:VS-15
1508:VS-40
1498:VS-30
1493:Sonda
1439:ASTER
1413:CBERS
1318:(PDF)
1304:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1262:(PDF)
1255:(PDF)
914:Notes
904:, IAE
351:00:65
325:00:00
313:Time
207:]
173:]
162:VLS-1
35:VLS-1
2449:TRMM
2197:GE-3
1786:GE 2
1753:1997
1454:SARA
1418:SGDC
1326:ISBN
1276:link
902:Bôas
260:and
218:and
198:The
181:INPE
160:The
65:INPE
2363:YES
2300:,
2162:ACE
1673:V03
1668:V02
1663:V01
1558:VLM
1408:SCD
928:G-7
285:CTA
74:Pad
60:AEB
2616::
1272:}}
1268:{{
1239:.
1226:.
1214:.
1201:.
1189:.
1176:.
1164:.
1152:.
1136:.
1123:.
1111:.
1099:.
1087:.
1075:.
1063:.
1051:.
1038:.
1026:.
1013:.
1001:.
982:.
839:^
797:^
748:^
700:^
631:^
479:^
425:—
414:—
403:—
392:—
381:—
370:—
345:—
256:,
205:pt
171:pt
2445:)
2441:(
2378:)
2372:(
2324:)
2320:(
2304:)
2296:(
2113:)
2109:(
1736:e
1729:t
1722:v
1363:e
1356:t
1349:v
1334:.
1278:)
993:.
891:.
765:.
596:.
566:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
