50:
4556:
131:
1726:
1806:
4530:
4498:
407:
4520:
41:
3149:
4568:
4509:
720:
Knoppix works on a fairly large number of PCs or laptops, but not all. The automatic hardware detection cannot cope with all hardware, and sometimes the drivers used will not be optimal. Knoppix has difficulty recognizing some cards made before 1998, or motherboards with a BIOS made before 2002. (In
648:
When using
Knoppix as a Live CD, one can use boot options, also known as "cheatcodes", to override a default setting or automatic hardware detection when it fails. For example, the user may wish to boot into a plain console, or proceed without SCSI support. For this, Knoppix allows the user to enter
687:
support is provided for USB flash drive rather than DVD media. 32-bit UEFI firmware can only boot up the 32-bit kernel, while 64-bit UEFI firmware can only boot up the 64-bit kernel. The text interface for UEFI is similar with it for BIOS, one can also press key F2 and F3 to access information on
623:
to install or update software. The storage device containing the changes needed to be present whenever
Knoppix is started, else only the original data from the disc would be used. While Knoppix would scan available storage devices for a persistent home directory by default, a user could dictate a
649:
one or more cheat codes at the prompt before booting. If the user does not enter a cheat code, or does not press any key before the timeout, Knoppix will boot with its default options. For example, to set the language to French rather than the default, one would type:
398:, as long as it fulfills certain conditions. Knoppix can be used to copy files easily from hard drives with inaccessible operating systems. To quickly and more safely use Linux software, the Live CD can be used instead of installing another OS.
1650:
KNOPPIX 6.0.1 / ADRIANE 1.1 is a CD-edition again, and a complete rebuild from scratch. LXDE was made the default desktop environment, and the edition contains a substantially reduced software collection in order to easily fit on a CD.
587:
It was also possible to set up a "persistent home directory", where any documents or settings written to the user's home directory would automatically be redirected to a hard drive or removable media, which could be automatically
579:
Prior to
Knoppix 3.8.2, any documents or settings a user created would disappear upon reboot. This lack of persistence then made it necessary to save documents directly to a hard drive partition, over the network, or to some
610:
in 5.1.0 to improve stability. The union mount allowed virtual updates to the data on the read-only CD/DVD media by storing changes on separate writable media and then representing the combination of the two as single
4623:
1777:
is named after
Adriane Knopper, the wife of Klaus Knopper, the developer of Knoppix. Adriane has a visual impairment, and has been assisting Klaus with the development of the software. The name Adriane is also a
639:
This functionality was only available through
Knoppix 5.1.1 (CD release) or 5.3.1 (DVD release). Subsequently, the Live CD paradigm has transformed into portable operating systems that run on external storage.
1705:
Knoppix 8.5 was a DVD version that was not available for download, but was published as an exclusive version only bundled with a physical edition of Linux-Magazin or LinuxUser. Version 8.5 no longer includes
3127:
1632:
As of April 2008, from version 4 up until 5.1.1, Knoppix has been split into a DVD "maxi" edition (with over 9 GB of software), and a CD "light" edition; both were developed in parallel.
596:, was cached on the rewritable media and used to simulate a file system into which files were written for later use. This allowed the user to transparently write to their home directory.
414:
More than 1000 software packages are included on the CD edition, and more than 2600 packages are included on the DVD edition. Up to nine gigabytes can be stored on the DVD in
683:
under the
Knoppix system, such that "the KNOPPIX Live System starts and runs about factor 5 faster from USB flash disk than from CD or DVD!". Besides that, the experimental
2491:
676:
will boot up the 32-bit kernel. Neither PAE nor 64-bit applications are supported by
Knoppix, and more than 4GB of system memory can only be used with a 64-bit kernel.
636:
By carrying a
Knoppix CD and a USB flash drive, a user could have the same environment, programs, settings, and data available on any computer that could run Knoppix.
3199:
4603:
3073:
The most recent version is 0.7.9.2 dated 26 February 2006 and released March 1, 2006 --- the second
Quantian version based on the new Knoppix 4.0.2 release.
1665:
From June 2013 on until March 2019, Knoppix 7.2 was the most recent release with a CD edition. By 2018, its software had become very outdated, as the
369:
2180:
Live CD, just over 50MB. Designed to run graphical apps on older PCs, such as on machines with 486/early
Pentium CPUs and very little RAM memory.
3115:
2297:
2270:
2247:
2517:
4560:
619:), a hard disk, USB flash drive, etc. This means that the user could modify the software installed on the Knoppix system, such as by using
2972:
2381:
1669:
library no longer suffices for installation of several modern packages. The 7.x version range is known for instabilities with touchpads.
4593:
3284:
457:
724:
If a PC does not have enough RAM to run KDE and other included programs, the legacy Knoppix (earlier than 6.0) boots up a very limited
2912:
2399:
1773:
people, which can be used entirely without vision oriented output devices. It was released in the third quarter of 2007 as a Live CD.
3040:
4523:
3565:
3192:
2893:[Exclusive on the Delug-DVD: The Knoppix 8.5 Linux-Magazin Edition] (in German). Vol. 04/2019. Linux Magazin. p. 3
2208:
320:
3093:
3001:
2821:
2606:
1635:
Up until Knoppix 5.1.1, the CD editions contained a selection of graphical environments, including the TWM window manager, and
2763:
2734:
2495:
3022:
1785:
Adriane Knoppix is intended not only for the blind but also for beginners who do not know much about computers. It uses the
49:
2795:
364:, and was one of the first popular live distributions. Knoppix is loaded from the removable medium and decompressed into a
2942:
2667:
2547:
391:
2846:[Exclusive on the Delug-DVD: The Knoppix 8.5 Linux-Magazin Edition] (in German). Vol. 04/2019. Linux Magazin
2704:
4598:
4533:
3294:
3185:
4501:
4442:
1972:
1830:
1683:
KNOPPIX 8.1.0 was released in September 2017 as the first public release in the 8.x series. The version 8.0.0 has the
210:
123:
2633:
4546:
4321:
3864:
3758:
3216:
721:
some cases, manual configuration with codes entered at boot time can overcome problems with automatic detection.)
4253:
4056:
3352:
668:
kernel on the DVD edition, where it will automatically boot up for 64-bit computers, or by using the boot option
192:
4469:
4004:
3942:
3748:
3671:
3367:
2864:
4258:
3504:
2576:
620:
4095:
3907:
3681:
664:
Linux based distro, but recent releases (including the latest version 7.6) have also been equipped with a
4311:
3902:
3299:
697:
612:
4519:
4100:
4427:
3131:
2354:
2239:
2231:
2065:
524:
395:
379:
There are two main editions, available in both English and German: the traditional compact-disc (700
98:
2125:
A Brazilian distribution branched off from Morphix, centers on ease of use and graphics performance.
704:
Knoppix was one of the first Live CDs available, and is known as the "original" Debian-based Live CD
4613:
3153:
471:
429:
2313:
2262:
1710:, which was replaced by elogind. Spectre and Meltdown kernel vulnerabilities have been mitigated.
130:
4233:
3208:
2521:
1868:
215:
2964:
2890:
2378:
1654:
The KNOPPIX 6.2.1 release has both CD and DVD editions, and ADRIANE 1.2 only has a CD-edition.
707:
Its extensive hardware detection allows most systems to start Knoppix without any configuration
4618:
4432:
4375:
3058:
2293:
2289:
2266:
2243:
1822:
1770:
198:
168:
3168:
2843:
2333:
1880:
4608:
4588:
4288:
4273:
4263:
4173:
4138:
3575:
3342:
2174:
2035:
1856:
1826:
711:
665:
415:
329:
288:
236:
158:
149:
2920:
4412:
4201:
4080:
4014:
3974:
3831:
3786:
3640:
3426:
3289:
3044:
2417:
2385:
581:
558:
CD-ROM for version 7.2 and older, or a boot floppy and standard CD-ROM (IDE/ATAPI or SCSI)
498:
464:
449:
349:
175:
154:
3085:
2993:
2014:
Numerical and quantitative analysis. The most recent release is based on Knoppix 4.0.2.
696:
Knoppix was one of the first Live CD Linux distributions to gain popularity (just after
4390:
3952:
3859:
3813:
3529:
2654:
2069:
1918:
1862:
728:(twm) session instead. The only window running in the twm session by default is xterm.
222:
180:
1805:
1725:
1672:
Version 7.2 still remains the most recent CD version of Knoppix in wide distribution.
4582:
4336:
4268:
4221:
4206:
4153:
3947:
3728:
3718:
3570:
3509:
3474:
3469:
3441:
3421:
1790:
1666:
1639:— a feature-complete desktop environment default in Knoppix 5.3.1 and earlier.
361:
241:
65:
2443:
1713:
Knoppix 8.6 (and newer) is a DVD version available for download on Knoppix mirrors.
4572:
4513:
4474:
4248:
4225:
4193:
4183:
4120:
3937:
3778:
3738:
3733:
3700:
3605:
3524:
3446:
3431:
3378:
3347:
2755:
2726:
1865:, a widely acclaimed distribution specifically geared for the scientific community.
493:
202:
3026:
2700:
2400:"Building a self-contained auto-configuring Linux system on an iso9660 filesystem"
2282:
4380:
4359:
4341:
4143:
4133:
3999:
3994:
3962:
3768:
3763:
3753:
3713:
3655:
3560:
3464:
3436:
3337:
3327:
3239:
3229:
3172:
3161:
3089:
2997:
2968:
2817:
2787:
2598:
2213:
599:
589:
489:
259:
2950:
2679:
2543:
2467:
4400:
4395:
4351:
4283:
4278:
4211:
4163:
4148:
4038:
4019:
3914:
3889:
3841:
3791:
3610:
3600:
3595:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3314:
3264:
2120:
1874:
1814:
1786:
1702:
Versions 8.2.0 and newer (8.2.x, not 8.5.x) are available on Knoppix mirrors.
443:
406:
373:
60:
3062:
4449:
4385:
4298:
4158:
4128:
4110:
4085:
3969:
3851:
3836:
3821:
3708:
3630:
3484:
3332:
3269:
2146:
1978:
1924:
1846:
1818:
1779:
1766:
1684:
567:
365:
79:
700:). There are several factors that contribute to the popularity of Knoppix:
679:
The DVD edition of Knoppix can also be loaded onto a USB flash drive, with
3224:
3148:
1821:, which was based on Knoppix. Like its predecessors, Kali is designed for
40:
4464:
4459:
4407:
4331:
4168:
4105:
4051:
4046:
3897:
3869:
3796:
3743:
3625:
3539:
3519:
3479:
3406:
3322:
3249:
2629:
2009:
1782:
for "Audio Desktop Reference Implementation And Networking Environment".
869:
384:
380:
353:
17:
4417:
4326:
4306:
4243:
4090:
4075:
3932:
3879:
3723:
3665:
3660:
3615:
3534:
3514:
3459:
3451:
3416:
3411:
3372:
3362:
3304:
3259:
3244:
3234:
1908:
1840:
1794:
1707:
616:
603:
435:
345:
3177:
1642:
No further development is being done on the traditional 5.x versions.
1624:
The table (to the right) shows the version history of major releases.
4479:
4316:
4238:
4178:
4115:
4066:
4009:
3826:
3803:
3686:
3635:
3585:
3580:
3397:
3388:
3357:
3279:
2403:
1850:
1817:, a live CD/USB distribution now based on Debian. It is a rewrite of
661:
658:
453:
333:
1657:
Knoppix 6.7.1 has the last CD version with stable touchpad drivers.
4567:
4508:
4454:
4437:
4422:
3989:
3979:
3676:
3590:
3555:
1804:
1696:
1636:
915:
513:
405:
357:
75:
2572:
3984:
3957:
3874:
3650:
3645:
3274:
3254:
3128:
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
3123:
2402:. 4th Annual Linux Showcase & Conference. Atlanta, Georgia:
1834:
1688:
684:
607:
537:
477:
422:
229:
184:
3181:
2891:"Exklusiv auf der Delug-DVD: Knoppix 8.5 Linux-Magazin Edition"
2844:"Exklusiv auf der Delug-DVD: Knoppix 8.5 Linux-Magazin Edition"
2355:"KNOPPIX Linux Live CD: What license does the KNOPPIX-CD use?"
1720:
1692:
725:
517:
439:
426:
341:
247:
1951:
128MB image with Linux 2.4, works as a Live CD and Live USB.
4624:
Operating system distributions bootable from read-only media
1883:, an automated computer distro produced by RepairTech, Inc.
337:
2358:
300:
306:
2151:
Parts based on a merge from Auditor Security Collection.
735:
1977:
Intended to test the security of networks. Merged into
1736:
2703:(Press release) (in German). Knopper.Net. 2005-07-29.
1680:
The KNOPPIX 8.0.0 edition was released at CeBIT 2017.
710:
Its ability to automatically connect to most kinds of
4544:
2334:"Knoppix 9.3 - Linux-Magazin 2022/06 (DELUG Ausgabe)"
321:
312:
309:
297:
294:
1765:
Adriane Knoppix is a variation that is intended for
542:
1GB to use the web browser and productivity software
303:
4368:
4350:
4297:
4220:
4192:
4065:
4037:
4028:
3925:
3888:
3850:
3812:
3777:
3699:
3548:
3396:
3387:
3313:
3215:
3122:. Japan: Research Center for Information Security (
2072:is a later distribution that was based on Kurumin.
716:
Its utilities for system repair and troubleshooting
291:
254:
235:
221:
209:
191:
174:
164:
148:
122:
104:
94:
86:
71:
59:
2913:"Free Operating System For Blind: Adriane Knoppix"
2281:
570:standard mouse, or an IMPS/2-compatible USB-mouse.
2701:"Knoppix 4.0 auf DVD erscheint zum LinuxTag 2005"
1907:
3043:. remote-exploit.org. 2005-12-30. Archived from
3025:. remote-exploit.org. 2006-01-22. Archived from
1687:, and a choice between three different desktops:
3063:"The Quantian Scientific Computing Environment"
2782:
2780:
1849:, a distro that attempts to make the Linux and
1797:generator and speech engine for normal output.
2567:
2565:
3193:
2865:"Knoppix 8.5 als exklusive LinuxUser-Edition"
8:
2871:(in German). Germany: businessAD. 2019-03-21
2314:Distrowatch.com interview with Klaus Knopper
33:
2544:"KNOPPIX 5.1 - Live Linux Filesystem On CD"
2099:
1988:
1982:
1894:Sorted chronologically, in ascending order.
672:manually in the command-line prompt, while
602:support was added in version 3.8.1 through
509:Minimum hardware requirements for Knoppix:
356:). It was first released in 2000 by German
4497:
4034:
3393:
3200:
3186:
3178:
1898:
1843:, a live distribution now based on Debian.
129:
32:
2760:KNOPPIX 6.2 / ADRIANE 1.2 – Live CD / DVD
1525:8.5.0 Linux-Magazin / Linux-User edition
486:Network analysis and administration tools
2599:"KNOPPIX 7.6.0 / ADRIANE 1.7 - Live DVD"
2468:"Tails - Celebrating 10 years of Tails!"
4551:
2518:"KNOPPIX - Live Linux Filesystem On CD"
2325:
1904:
483:Tools for data rescue and system repair
1871:, designed for playing MAME videogames
624:specific location with a boot option (
615:. The writable media could be memory (
563:Standard SVGA-compatible graphics card
520:-compatible processor (i486 or later)
432:; default since Knoppix 6.0 and later
7:
2798:from the original on 30 October 2017
1853:installation as trivial as possible.
410:The classic Knoppix start-up process
4604:Linux distributions without systemd
2788:"KNOPPIX 8.0.0 - Linux Live System"
2731:KNOPPIX 6.0 / ADRIANE 1.1 – Live CD
2655:Introduction to Knoppix | PCMag.com
2609:from the original on 4 October 2017
336:designed to be run directly from a
536:512MB for graphics mode with just
25:
3566:Bharat Operating System Solutions
2579:from the original on 27 June 2015
2209:Comparison of Linux distributions
2040:The French translation of Knoppix
625:
575:Saving changes in the environment
4566:
4554:
4529:
4528:
4518:
4507:
4496:
3147:
2636:from the original on 27 May 2015
2630:"polishlinux.org » Live CD"
2550:from the original on 11 May 2015
1724:
287:
48:
39:
3114:Suzaki, Kuniyasu (2008-08-27).
3096:from the original on 2017-07-11
3004:from the original on 2016-12-24
2975:from the original on 2017-04-18
2824:from the original on 2017-10-04
2766:from the original on 2009-11-20
2737:from the original on 2009-06-11
2707:from the original on 2007-10-12
2672:of "com| Das Computer-Magazin""
2444:"Happy 20th Birthday, Knoppix!"
533:Live environment with no swap:
480:, an image manipulation program
2818:"KNOPPIX 8.1.0 Public Release"
1829:. BackTrack itself merged the
418:form. These packages include:
1:
4561:Free and open-source software
2889:Knopper, Klaus (2019-04-01).
2842:Knopper, Klaus (2019-04-01).
2725:Knopper, Klaus (2009-02-11).
2678:. Knopper.Net. Archived from
2666:Knopper, Klaus (2005-07-06).
2520:. knopper.net. Archived from
2442:Linuxiac, Team (2020-10-01).
2398:Knopper, Klaus (2000-10-10).
1859:, specifically for musicians.
606:. This was later replaced by
584:, such as a USB flash drive.
555:DVD-ROM for current versions;
392:free and open source software
2869:LinuxUsre / Linux Community
2668:"KNOPPIX 4.0 in issue 8/05
1973:Auditor Security Collection
1831:Auditor Security Collection
390:Knoppix mostly consists of
383:) edition and the DVD (4.7
4640:
4594:Debian-based distributions
3759:Rocks Cluster Distribution
632:home=/dev/hda1/knoppix.img
592:on bootup. A single file,
4492:
2418:"Introduction to Knoppix"
394:, but also includes some
47:
38:
4470:Softlanding Linux System
3749:Red Hat Enterprise Linux
2388:on Debian newsgroup post
737:Knoppix version history
552:Bootable optical drive:
452:software, including the
4259:Linux for PlayStation 2
2947:repairtechsolutions.com
2098:
1932:
368:. The decompression is
3908:Open Enterprise Server
2257:Hentzen, Whil (2007).
2188:; 12 years ago
2186:26 September 2012
2160:; 12 years ago
2133:; 12 years ago
2107:; 16 years ago
2080:; 16 years ago
2048:; 17 years ago
2046:19 September 2007
2022:; 18 years ago
1996:; 19 years ago
1959:; 19 years ago
1935:; 20 years ago
1913:— dates back to
1810:
1733:This section is empty.
446:audio playback support
411:
110:; 23 years ago
108:30 September 2000
27:Linux operating system
4312:Damn Vulnerable Linux
3903:SUSE Linux Enterprise
3300:Resurrection Remix OS
2379:Two Weughty Questions
2280:Rankin, Kyle (2004).
1933:1 September 2004
1888:Unmaintained projects
1808:
974:4.0 LinuxTag version
527:memory requirements:
505:Hardware requirements
409:
136:; 2 years ago
4428:Linux Router Project
3156:at Wikimedia Commons
2943:"RepairTech, Inc. -"
2066:Brazilian Portuguese
1469:8.0.0 CeBIT version
1441:7.7.0 CeBIT version
530:32 MB for text mode;
396:proprietary software
4599:Linux distributions
4360:SUSE Studio Express
4127:Other derivatives:
3209:Linux distributions
2158:15 August 2012
2131:1 January 2012
2105:27 August 2008
1827:penetration testing
1809:Knoppix family tree
1691:as default option,
738:
472:Mozilla Thunderbird
430:desktop environment
35:
4234:BLAG Linux and GNU
4101:Linux Caixa Mágica
3059:Eddelbuettel, Dirk
2911:Swapnil Bhartiya.
2384:2009-01-14 at the
1811:
1511:8.3.0 (DELUG-DVD)
1399:7.5 CeBIT version
1231:6.5 CeBIT version
1189:6.3 CeBIT version
1161:6.2 / ADRIANE 1.2
1147:6.1 CeBIT version
1086:5.3 CeBIT version
1072:5.2 CeBIT version
1016:5.0 CeBIT version
736:
726:Tab Window Manager
492:, a comprehensive
412:
387:) "Maxi" edition.
30:Linux distribution
4542:
4541:
4488:
4487:
4433:MCC Interim Linux
4376:Caldera OpenLinux
3695:
3694:
3152:Media related to
3041:"Auditor changes"
2299:978-0-596-00787-4
2272:978-1-930919-56-3
2259:Knoppix Explained
2249:978-0-7645-9784-8
2200:
2199:
2078:18 June 2008
2020:1 March 2006
1994:20 June 2005
1823:digital forensics
1771:visually impaired
1753:
1752:
1622:
1621:
276:
275:
16:(Redirected from
4631:
4571:
4570:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4550:
4532:
4531:
4522:
4514:Linux portal
4512:
4511:
4500:
4499:
4289:Yellow Dog Linux
4274:Think Blue Linux
4264:Scientific Linux
4139:CrunchBang Linux
4035:
3576:Damn Small Linux
3394:
3285:Paranoid Android
3202:
3195:
3188:
3179:
3165:
3164:
3162:Official website
3151:
3136:
3135:
3130:. Archived from
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2965:"clusterKNOPPIX"
2961:
2955:
2954:
2949:. Archived from
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2919:. Archived from
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2807:
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2745:
2743:
2742:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2676:KNOPPER.NET News
2663:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2628:Borys Musielak.
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2494:. Archived from
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2395:
2389:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2357:. Archived from
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2330:
2303:
2287:
2276:
2253:
2232:Granneman, Scott
2196:
2194:
2189:
2175:Damn Small Linux
2168:
2166:
2161:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2088:
2086:
2081:
2056:
2054:
2049:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1957:4 July 2005
1943:
1941:
1936:
1910:
1899:
1801:Other variations
1748:
1745:
1735:You can help by
1728:
1721:
1609:9.3 (DELUG-DVD)
1595:9.2 (DELUG-DVD)
1567:9.0 (DELUG-DVD)
739:
675:
671:
654:
633:
425:, a lightweight
330:operating system
324:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
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272:
269:
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255:Official website
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116:
111:
52:
43:
36:
21:
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4628:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4545:
4543:
4538:
4506:
4484:
4413:Foresight Linux
4364:
4346:
4293:
4216:
4202:Container Linux
4188:
4174:Musix GNU+Linux
4081:Black Lab Linux
4061:
4024:
4015:Tiny Core Linux
3921:
3884:
3846:
3832:OpenMandriva Lx
3808:
3787:Calculate Linux
3773:
3691:
3641:Raspberry Pi OS
3544:
3427:Ubuntu Cinnamon
3383:
3309:
3290:PixelExperience
3211:
3206:
3160:
3159:
3144:
3139:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3099:
3097:
3086:"Kurumin Linux"
3084:
3083:
3079:
3067:
3065:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3007:
3005:
2994:"Feather Linux"
2992:
2991:
2987:
2978:
2976:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2923:on 12 June 2008
2910:
2909:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2849:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2825:
2820:. Knopper.Net.
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2769:
2767:
2762:. Knopper.Net.
2754:
2753:
2749:
2740:
2738:
2733:. Knopper.Net.
2724:
2723:
2719:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2698:
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2683:
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2441:
2440:
2436:
2427:
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2416:
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2411:
2397:
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2392:
2386:Wayback Machine
2377:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2310:
2300:
2279:
2273:
2256:
2250:
2236:Hacking Knoppix
2230:
2227:
2222:
2205:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2111:
2109:
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2084:
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2079:
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2047:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1905:Goal and notes
1890:
1857:Musix GNU+Linux
1803:
1775:Adriane Knoppix
1763:
1761:Adriane Knoppix
1758:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1719:
1678:
1663:
1648:
1630:
1628:Knoppix 4.x–5.x
734:
698:Yggdrasil Linux
694:
673:
669:
653:knoppix lang=fr
652:
646:
631:
582:removable media
577:
545:2GB recommended
507:
499:Terminal server
465:Mozilla Firefox
450:Internet access
404:
350:USB flash drive
322:
290:
286:
258:
245:
224:
176:Package manager
140:
138:
135:
114:
112:
109:
105:Initial release
55:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4445:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4393:
4391:Familiar Linux
4388:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
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4348:
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4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3953:Clear Linux OS
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3860:Austrumi Linux
3856:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
3816:
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3207:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3166:
3157:
3143:
3142:External links
3140:
3138:
3137:
3134:on 2012-12-11.
3106:
3092:. 2017-08-26.
3077:
3050:
3047:on 2006-12-31.
3032:
3029:on 2007-01-24.
3014:
3000:. 2017-08-26.
2985:
2971:. 2017-08-26.
2956:
2953:on 2015-03-17.
2934:
2903:
2881:
2856:
2834:
2809:
2776:
2756:"Microknoppix"
2747:
2727:"Microknoppix"
2717:
2692:
2658:
2647:
2620:
2590:
2561:
2535:
2509:
2498:on 27 May 2015
2483:
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2129:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2073:
2070:Poseidon Linux
2062:
2058:
2057:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1992:
1986:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1931:
1928:
1921:
1919:ClusterKnoppix
1915:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:for clustering
1872:
1866:
1863:Poseidon Linux
1860:
1854:
1844:
1838:
1802:
1799:
1762:
1759:
1757:
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767:
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760:
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752:
749:
746:
743:
733:
730:
718:
717:
714:
708:
705:
693:
690:
688:boot options.
645:
642:
613:storage device
576:
573:
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571:
564:
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560:
559:
556:
550:
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531:
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274:
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256:
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225:user interface
219:
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207:
206:
196:
189:
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178:
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166:
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146:
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126:
124:Latest release
120:
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106:
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96:
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83:
73:
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68:
63:
57:
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29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4358:
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4340:
4338:
4337:TopologiLinux
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
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4300:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Red Hat Linux
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
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4223:
4219:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:Sabayon Linux
4205:
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4200:
4199:
4197:
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4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:Feather Linux
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
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4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
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3973:
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3949:
3948:Chimera Linux
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3729:MIRACLE LINUX
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3719:CentOS Stream
3717:
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3706:
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3572:
3571:BlankOn Linux
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3510:Peppermint OS
3508:
3506:
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3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3470:elementary OS
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:Derivatives:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3442:Ubuntu Studio
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3422:Ubuntu Budgie
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:(3.0 onwards)
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Hyperbola GNU
3351:
3349:
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3344:
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3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
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2728:
2721:
2718:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2682:on 2005-07-08
2681:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2621:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2578:
2574:
2573:"Cheat Codes"
2568:
2566:
2562:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2524:on 3 May 2018
2523:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2497:
2493:
2492:"General FAQ"
2487:
2484:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2361:on 2002-07-19
2360:
2356:
2350:
2347:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:Knoppix Hacks
2278:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2228:
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2207:
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2185:
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2173:
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2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1993:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1948:Feather Linux
1947:
1946:
1929:
1926:
1922:
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1792:
1791:screen reader
1788:
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1781:
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1760:
1755:
1747:
1744:November 2023
1738:
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764:
761:
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755:
754:
750:
747:
745:Release date
744:
741:
740:
731:
729:
727:
722:
715:
713:
709:
706:
703:
702:
701:
699:
691:
689:
686:
682:
681:flash-knoppix
677:
667:
663:
660:
657:Knoppix is a
655:
650:
643:
641:
637:
634:
629:
627:
622:
618:
614:
609:
605:
601:
597:
595:
591:
585:
583:
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569:
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562:
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544:
541:
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519:
515:
512:
511:
510:
504:
500:
497:
495:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
474:e-mail client
473:
469:
466:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:
445:
441:
437:
434:
431:
428:
424:
421:
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419:
417:
408:
401:
399:
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:Klaus Knopper
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
326:
317:
284:
280:
271:
257:
253:
249:
243:
242:Free software
240:
238:
234:
231:
228:
226:
220:
217:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
187:(maintenance)
186:
182:
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:Update method
163:
160:
156:
153:
151:
147:
132:
127:
125:
121:
107:
103:
100:
97:
93:
89:
87:Working state
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
66:Klaus Knopper
64:
62:
58:
51:
46:
42:
37:
19:
4475:Splashtop OS
4249:Linpus Linux
4184:Sunwah Linux
4121:Ubuntu GNOME
4030:Discontinued
4029:
3739:Oracle Linux
3620:
3525:Ubuntu Touch
3447:Ubuntu Unity
3432:Ubuntu Kylin
3379:SystemRescue
3368:Parabola GNU
3132:the original
3119:
3109:
3098:. Retrieved
3080:
3072:
3066:. Retrieved
3053:
3045:the original
3035:
3027:the original
3017:
3006:. Retrieved
2988:
2977:. Retrieved
2959:
2951:the original
2946:
2937:
2925:. Retrieved
2921:the original
2916:
2906:
2895:. Retrieved
2884:
2873:. Retrieved
2868:
2859:
2848:. Retrieved
2837:
2826:. Retrieved
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2791:
2768:. Retrieved
2759:
2750:
2739:. Retrieved
2730:
2720:
2709:. Retrieved
2695:
2684:. Retrieved
2680:the original
2675:
2669:
2661:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2623:
2611:. Retrieved
2602:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2552:. Retrieved
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2512:
2500:. Retrieved
2496:the original
2486:
2475:. Retrieved
2471:
2462:
2451:. Retrieved
2447:
2437:
2426:. Retrieved
2424:. 2005-05-18
2421:
2412:
2393:
2374:
2363:. Retrieved
2359:the original
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2328:
2308:News article
2283:
2263:Hentzenwerke
2258:
2235:
2157:
1909:Last version
1893:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1741:
1737:adding to it
1732:
1712:
1704:
1701:
1682:
1679:
1671:
1664:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1623:
988:4.0 updated
723:
719:
695:
680:
678:
656:
651:
647:
644:Boot options
638:
635:
630:
598:
593:
586:
578:
508:
494:office suite
413:
389:
378:
282:
278:
277:
183:(frontend);
150:Available in
134:/ 5 May 2022
95:Source model
4381:CyanogenMod
4342:VectorLinux
4144:DoudouLinux
4134:Corel Linux
4000:Source Mage
3769:Sailfish OS
3764:Rocky Linux
3754:Red Star OS
3714:Asahi Linux
3656:SparkyLinux
3465:Bodhi Linux
3437:Ubuntu MATE
3338:EndeavourOS
3230:Android-x86
3173:DistroWatch
3090:DistroWatch
2998:DistroWatch
2969:DistroWatch
2792:knopper.net
2603:knopper.net
2214:Debian Live
1869:KnoppiXMAME
1756:Derivatives
1717:Knoppix 9.x
1676:Knoppix 8.x
1661:Knoppix 7.x
1646:Knoppix 6.x
1584:2021-01-25
1570:2020-03-05
1556:2019-11-22
1542:2019-08-08
1528:2019-03-14
1514:2018-06-07
1500:2018-05-16
1486:2017-09-27
1472:2017-03-24
1458:2016-10-27
1444:2016-03-14
1430:2016-01-16
1416:2015-11-21
1402:2015-03-16
1388:2014-09-28
1374:2014-09-15
1360:2014-08-07
1346:2013-06-24
1332:2012-12-21
1318:2012-08-20
1304:2012-07-01
1290:2012-05-30
1276:2012-05-24
1262:2011-09-16
1248:2011-08-03
1220:2011-02-01
1206:2010-12-20
1192:2010-03-02
1178:2010-01-31
1164:2009-11-18
1150:2009-02-25
1136:2009-02-08
1122:2009-01-28
1103:2008-03-26
1089:2008-02-12
1061:2007-01-04
1047:2006-12-30
1033:2006-06-02
1019:2006-02-25
1005:2005-09-23
991:2005-08-16
977:2005-06-22
963:2005-06-01
949:2005-05-12
935:2005-04-08
921:2005-02-28
903:2004-12-09
889:2004-08-16
857:2004-05-17
843:2003-09-22
829:2003-06-16
815:2002-10-01
801:2002-05-14
787:2002-03-14
773:2001-04-26
759:2000-09-30
628:) such as:
600:Union mount
594:knoppix.img
490:LibreOffice
467:web browser
456:dialer and
442:audio, and
370:transparent
360:consultant
281:, stylized
99:Open source
54:KNOPPIX 8.6
4614:LiveDistro
4583:Categories
4524:Comparison
4396:Firefox OS
4284:Vine Linux
4279:Turbolinux
4212:xB Machine
4164:HandyLinux
4149:Dreamlinux
3915:GeckoLinux
3842:ROSA Linux
3792:ChromiumOS
3601:FreedomBox
3596:Endless OS
3500:LXLE Linux
3495:Linux Mint
3490:Linux Lite
3475:Emmabuntüs
3405:Official:
3343:Frugalware
3265:GrapheneOS
3100:2018-01-07
3068:2019-05-03
3008:2018-01-07
2979:2018-01-07
2927:2 February
2897:2019-04-29
2875:2021-02-07
2850:2019-04-29
2828:2017-11-07
2770:2009-11-18
2741:2009-06-10
2711:2009-06-10
2686:2009-06-10
2477:2023-11-24
2453:2023-11-24
2428:2023-11-24
2365:2007-07-16
2321:References
2193:2012-09-26
2165:2012-08-15
2138:2012-01-01
2121:Dreamlinux
2112:2008-08-27
2093:VMKnoppix
2085:2008-06-18
2053:2007-09-19
2027:2006-03-01
2001:2005-06-20
1964:2005-07-04
1940:2004-09-01
1875:PelicanHPC
1815:Kali Linux
1667:libc6 2.17
692:Popularity
566:Serial or
444:Ogg Vorbis
416:compressed
374:on-the-fly
199:Monolithic
141:5 May 2022
115:2000-09-30
4450:Mobilinux
4386:DemoLinux
4299:Slackware
4159:gNewSense
4129:BackTrack
4111:Pinguy OS
4086:Cub Linux
3970:GoboLinux
3852:Slackware
3837:PCLinuxOS
3822:ALT Linux
3709:AlmaLinux
3668:(1.0–2.0)
3631:Parrot OS
3485:Freespire
3333:BlackArch
3295:Replicant
3270:LineageOS
3120:VMKnoppix
3023:"Auditor"
2472:tails.net
2183:4.11 RC2
2147:BackTrack
2102:Xen3.2.1
2096:VM tools
1979:BackTrack
1925:openMosix
1847:KnoppMyth
1819:BackTrack
1780:backronym
1685:dual boot
670:knoppix64
626:see below
460:utilities
385:gigabytes
381:megabytes
366:RAM drive
332:based on
268:/index-en
128:9.3
80:Unix-like
72:OS family
61:Developer
18:VMKnoppix
4619:Live USB
4534:Category
4465:Remix OS
4460:OpenELEC
4408:Floppyfw
4332:Platypux
4169:Libranet
4106:LinuxTLE
4074:Ubuntu:
4052:Antergos
4047:ArchLabs
3898:openSUSE
3870:Salix OS
3814:Mandriva
3797:ChromeOS
3744:Qubes OS
3626:MX Linux
3540:Zorin OS
3520:Trisquel
3480:KDE neon
3407:Edubuntu
3323:ArchBang
3250:DivestOS
3094:Archived
3002:Archived
2973:Archived
2917:EFY News
2822:Archived
2796:Archived
2764:Archived
2735:Archived
2705:Archived
2670:with DVD
2634:Archived
2607:Archived
2577:Archived
2548:Archived
2448:Linuxiac
2422:PCMag UK
2382:Archived
2290:O'Reilly
2234:(2005).
2203:See also
2010:Quantian
1837:distros.
1612:2022-06
1598:2021-04
1234:2011-03
1114:ADRIANE
1075:2007-03
918:version
875:2004-06
872:version
870:LinuxTag
742:Version
732:Versions
712:networks
523:Minimum
402:Contents
354:Live USB
328:) is an
266:/knoppix
262:.knopper
246:(mainly
244:licenses
211:Userland
4609:Live CD
4589:Knoppix
4547:Portals
4418:Immunix
4327:NimbleX
4322:Kongoni
4307:BioSLAX
4244:ClearOS
4222:Red Hat
4091:Gobuntu
4076:Asturix
3975:Guix SD
3933:4MLinux
3880:Zenwalk
3865:Porteus
3724:EulerOS
3666:SteamOS
3661:SolydXK
3621:Knoppix
3616:Kanotix
3535:Wubuntu
3515:Pop! OS
3505:Nova OS
3460:BackBox
3452:Xubuntu
3417:Lubuntu
3412:Kubuntu
3373:SteamOS
3363:Manjaro
3305:OmniROM
3260:Fire OS
3245:ColorOS
3240:Celadon
3235:CalyxOS
3217:Android
3169:Knoppix
3154:Knoppix
2191: (
2163: (
2136: (
2110: (
2083: (
2061:Kurumin
2051: (
2025: (
1999: (
1962: (
1938: (
1881:TechUSB
1841:Kanotix
1795:phoneme
1793:with a
1789:Blinux
1708:Systemd
674:knoppix
617:ramdisk
604:UnionFS
590:mounted
438:, with
436:MPlayer
348:) or a
346:Live CD
283:KNOPPIX
279:Knoppix
237:License
223:Default
159:English
139: (
113: (
90:Current
34:KNOPPIX
4480:Turkix
4401:B2G OS
4317:KateOS
4254:Korora
4239:CentOS
4226:Fedora
4194:Gentoo
4179:Parsix
4116:Sabily
4067:Debian
4057:Chakra
4010:T2 SDE
3938:Alpine
3827:Mageia
3804:Pentoo
3779:Gentoo
3734:Nobara
3701:Fedora
3687:Whonix
3636:PureOS
3606:Kaisen
3586:Devuan
3581:deepin
3398:Ubuntu
3389:Debian
3358:LinHES
3348:Garuda
3280:One UI
3116:"News"
2640:26 May
2583:26 May
2554:26 May
2528:26 May
2502:26 May
2404:USENIX
2316:(2002)
2296:
2269:
2246:
2036:Kaella
2017:7.9.2
1989:200605
1985:2007.
1954:0.7.5
1851:MythTV
1553:8.6.1
1539:8.6.0
1497:8.2.0
1483:8.1.0
1455:7.7.1
1427:7.6.1
1413:7.6.0
1385:7.4.2
1371:7.4.1
1357:7.4.0
1343:7.2.0
1329:7.0.5
1315:7.0.4
1301:7.0.3
1287:7.0.2
1273:7.0.1
1259:6.7.1
1245:6.7.0
1217:6.4.4
1203:6.4.3
1175:6.2.1
1133:6.0.1
1119:6.0.0
1100:5.3.1
1058:5.1.1
1044:5.1.0
1030:5.0.1
1002:4.0.2
946:3.8.2
932:3.8.1
666:64-bit
662:Debian
659:32-bit
334:Debian
193:Kernel
155:German
4573:Linux
4455:Nitix
4438:MeeGo
4423:Jurix
4369:Other
4005:Solus
3995:Puppy
3990:NixOS
3980:KaiOS
3963:Kwort
3943:CHAOS
3926:Other
3677:Tizen
3672:Tails
3591:Elive
3561:Astra
3556:antiX
3549:Other
3328:Artix
2802:4 May
2613:4 May
2339:6 May
2240:Wiley
2225:Books
2220:Notes
2177:(DSL)
2154:5 R3
2100:5.3.1
1983:early
1923:Uses
1902:Name
1767:blind
1697:GNOME
1637:KDE 3
916:CeBIT
514:Intel
358:Linux
270:.html
203:Linux
76:Linux
4502:List
4352:SUSE
4039:Arch
4020:Void
3985:KaOS
3958:CRUX
3890:SUSE
3875:Slax
3651:Slax
3646:Q4OS
3611:Kali
3530:Uruk
3315:Arch
3275:MIUI
3255:EMUI
3126:) /
3124:RCIS
2929:2007
2804:2018
2642:2015
2615:2018
2585:2015
2556:2015
2530:2015
2504:2015
2341:2022
2294:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2244:ISBN
2128:5.0
2075:8.6
2043:3.2
1991:-02
1930:3.6
1835:WHAX
1833:and
1825:and
1787:SUSE
1769:and
1689:LXDE
1618:Yes
1604:Yes
1590:Yes
1587:Yes
1581:9.1
1576:Yes
1562:Yes
1548:Yes
1534:Yes
1520:Yes
1506:Yes
1492:Yes
1478:Yes
1464:Yes
1450:Yes
1436:Yes
1422:Yes
1408:Yes
1394:Yes
1380:Yes
1366:Yes
1352:Yes
1349:Yes
1338:Yes
1335:Yes
1324:Yes
1321:Yes
1310:Yes
1307:Yes
1296:Yes
1282:Yes
1268:Yes
1265:Yes
1254:Yes
1251:Yes
1240:Yes
1226:Yes
1223:Yes
1212:Yes
1209:Yes
1198:Yes
1184:Yes
1181:Yes
1170:Yes
1167:Yes
1156:Yes
1153:Yes
1139:Yes
1125:Yes
1109:Yes
1095:Yes
1081:Yes
1067:Yes
1064:Yes
1053:Yes
1050:Yes
1039:Yes
1036:Yes
1025:Yes
1011:Yes
1008:Yes
997:Yes
983:Yes
966:Yes
960:3.9
952:Yes
938:Yes
924:Yes
914:3.8
906:Yes
900:3.7
892:Yes
886:3.6
881:Yes
868:3.5
860:Yes
854:3.4
846:Yes
840:3.3
832:Yes
826:3.2
818:Yes
812:3.1
804:Yes
798:2.2
790:Yes
784:2.1
776:Yes
770:1.6
762:Yes
756:1.4
751:DVD
685:UEFI
608:Aufs
568:PS/2
538:LXDE
478:GIMP
470:The
463:The
458:ISDN
454:KPPP
423:LXDE
372:and
325:-iks
323:KNOP
264:.net
230:LXDE
195:type
185:dpkg
157:and
4443:Mer
4096:gOS
3682:UOS
3225:/e/
3171:at
2064:In
1981:by
1739:.
1695:or
1693:KDE
1615:No
1601:No
1573:No
1559:No
1545:No
1531:No
1517:No
1503:No
1489:No
1475:No
1461:No
1447:No
1433:No
1419:No
1405:No
1391:No
1377:No
1363:No
1293:No
1279:No
1237:No
1195:No
1142:No
1128:No
1106:No
1092:No
1078:No
1022:No
994:No
980:No
969:No
955:No
941:No
927:No
909:No
895:No
878:No
863:No
849:No
835:No
821:No
807:No
793:No
779:No
765:No
748:CD
621:APT
525:RAM
518:AMD
440:MP3
427:X11
342:DVD
285:, (
260:www
248:GPL
216:GNU
181:APT
169:LTS
4585::
3118:.
3088:.
3071:.
3061:.
2996:.
2967:.
2945:.
2915:.
2867:.
2794:.
2790:.
2779:^
2758:.
2729:.
2674:.
2632:.
2605:.
2601:.
2575:.
2564:^
2546:.
2470:.
2446:.
2420:.
2292:.
2288:.
2265:.
2261:.
2242:.
2238:.
2068:.
1927:.
1699:.
376:.
340:/
338:CD
4549::
4224:/
3201:e
3194:t
3187:v
3103:.
3011:.
2982:.
2931:.
2900:.
2878:.
2853:.
2831:.
2806:.
2773:.
2744:.
2714:.
2689:.
2644:.
2617:.
2587:.
2558:.
2532:.
2506:.
2480:.
2456:.
2431:.
2406:.
2368:.
2343:.
2302:.
2275:.
2252:.
2195:)
2167:)
2140:)
2114:)
2087:)
2055:)
2029:)
2003:)
1966:)
1942:)
1746:)
1742:(
516:/
352:(
344:(
316:/
313:s
310:k
307:ɪ
304:p
301:ɒ
298:n
295:k
292:ˈ
289:/
250:)
205:)
201:(
143:)
117:)
82:)
78:(
20:)
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