545:
529:
and acceleration forces he had not experienced since his last powered test flight in April 2013. The combination "could have increased the co-pilot's stress." The board found that during years of development and flight tests, engineers at Scaled
Composites assumed that any pilot mistakes would occur only in reaction to systems failures, not as the cause of such failures. The Flight Test Data Card for this mission, giving information on the test vehicle and the step-by-step mission plan, called for the feathering system to be unlocked at Mach 1.4, but did not indicate that unlocking early could be a danger. The NTSB investigators also found just one email, from 2010, and one presentation slide, from 2011, that even mentioned the risks of unlocking before completing the transonic stage of the acceleration. The NTSB members also criticized the
599:", or sufficient safeguards to survive two separate, unrelated failures—two human errors, two mechanical errors or one of each. "What we see in the incident is what we call 'zero-failure tolerance'," Mr Sgobba said. "So you make the mistake—you have a catastrophe. The design would not be acceptable in other safety-critical industries, such as aircraft manufacture." Other members of IAASS also commented on the accident in the immediate aftermath. Rocket propulsion expert Carolynne Campbell-Knight said that Virgin Galactic "should stop, give up. Go away and do something they might be good at like selling mobile phones. They should stay out of the space business."
392:, the ship's air-braking descent device, deployed too early. Two seconds later, while still under rocket propulsion, the craft disintegrated. The feathering system requires two levers to operate. The system was unlocked by Michael Alsbury, but the feathering control was not moved, indicating an uncommanded feathering as "that action alone should not have been enough to pivot the tails upright" according to the NTSB. The feathering system had been deliberately deployed at supersonic speeds during earlier powered flight tests of SS2, but previous activation either occurred in thinner air at higher altitudes, or at much lower speeds than the flight on October 31.
591:(IAASS) heavily criticized Virgin Galactic within hours of the accident. Tommaso Sgobba, Executive Director of the IAASS, claimed that Virgin Galactic had refused to let IAASS scientists review its procedures and snubbed industry gatherings. He stated: "They operated in secrecy, which is difficult to understand. They don't use modern techniques in putting safety into the design. They use outdated methods like testing and then seeing what happens. There has been no independent oversight. There is no peer review. I have been saying for some years now this was an accident waiting to happen." Sgobba, the former head of flight safety for the
553:
novelty of a space launch test flight, but from human factors that were already known elsewhere in transportation." Hart added "for commercial spaceflight to successfully mature, we must meticulously seek out and mitigate known hazards, as a prerequisite to identifying and mitigating new hazards." Virgin
Galactic is proceeding with its plans for space flight and is building another craft; company officials said that their commitment to commercial spacecraft had not wavered despite the crash and they expected the company to resume test flights later in 2015, though that date subsequently slipped. On 19 February 2016,
486:
508:
They determined that the co-pilot, who died in the accident, prematurely unlocked a movable tail section some ten seconds after SpaceShipTwo fired its rocket engine and was breaking the sound barrier, resulting in the craft breaking apart. The Board also found that the Scaled
Composites unit of Northrop Grumman, which designed and flew the prototype space tourism vehicle, did not properly prepare for potential human slip-ups by providing a fail-safe system that could have guarded against such premature deployment. "A single-point human failure has to be anticipated," board member
287:
33:
2723:
520:, is deployed after reaching maximum altitude, increasing drag and slowing descent as a carefree and stable reentry method for recovery of SpaceShipOne. The system operates by rotating the vehicle's twin tail booms upward about the trailing edge of the wing by around 65 degrees; following reentry, the actuators rotate the booms down into the flush position for approach and landing. Aerodynamic forces when accelerating through the
3511:
3473:
3523:
533:, which approved the experimental test flights, for failing to pay enough attention to human factors or to provide necessary guidance to the nascent commercial space flight industry on the topic. They also cited pressure from some FAA managers to quickly approve experimental flight permits, sometimes without fully understanding technical issues or the details of the spacecraft.
3499:
294:
504:
commanded. The on-site investigation was scheduled to take four to seven days. It was reported on
November 12 that the on-site investigation had been completed and that parts of the wreckage had been placed in secure storage should they be needed for further investigation. It was expected to take about a year for the final report to be released.
703:
516:
1.4, the minimum speed at which the tail was designed to be unlocked. Telemetry, in-cockpit video and audio data confirmed that co-pilot
Michael Alsbury announced "unlocking" as Mach 0.92 was passed and vehicle breakup occurred within the next 4 seconds. The feathering device, conceived by Scaled Composites designer
1203:
583:
Michael Moses, Head of
Operations for Virgin Galactic, admitted to tensions between Richard Branson's upbeat projections and the persistent hurdles that challenged the company's technical experts. "There's a difference between the marketing and the engineering sides of the company", Mr. Moses said on
528:
Investigators said the developer of the spacecraft failed to include systems to protect against human error, believing that highly trained test pilots were simply incapable of making a wrong move, and that co-pilot
Michael Alsbury may have been influenced by time pressure, along with strong vibration
625:
concluded, "A fatal accident in the Mojave Desert is a lesson in the perils of space hubris. It's hard not to be angry, even disgusted, with
Branson himself. He is, as today's tragedy shows, a man driven by too much hubris, too much hucksterism and too little knowledge of the head-crackingly complex
635:
published an article discussing the history of safety and technical problems of the aircraft, citing unnamed engineers and a former government official involved with the project. According to the article, the official said that nagging vibrations were "very distressing to pilots because they simply
507:
During a hearing in
Washington D.C. on July 28, 2015, and a press release on the same day, the NTSB cited inadequate design safeguards, poor pilot training, lack of rigorous federal oversight and a potentially anxious co-pilot without recent flight experience as important factors in the 2014 crash.
579:
said after the crash: "We do understand the risks involved and we are not going to push on blindly—to do so would be an insult to all those affected by this tragedy. We are going to learn from what went wrong, discover how we can improve safety and performance and then move forwards together," and
524:
moments of the flight, above Mach 0.85 and below Mach 1.34, push upwards on the tail; releasing the locks before the vehicle passes these speeds means that a pair of actuators were the only things keeping the tail in place against these powerful forces, which had unintentionally been sufficient on
419:
also marks the first time in history that anyone has survived the destruction of a spacecraft during a flight when others on board have died. Investigators were initially puzzled about how
Siebold managed to get out of the rocket plane and parachute to the ground from an altitude of roughly 50,000
552:
NTSB chairman Christopher Hart said that, as the Board had learned "with a high degree of certainty the events that resulted in the breakup", he hoped the investigation would prevent such an accident from happening again. "Many of the safety issues that we will hear about today arose not from the
536:
In its submission to the NTSB, Virgin Galactic says the second SS2, nearing completion, had been modified with an automatic mechanical inhibit device to prevent locking or unlocking of the feather during safety-critical phases. An explicit warning about the dangers of premature unlocking has also
515:
The report's details of the final moments of the flight reveal that the feather system was unlocked as SS2 accelerated under rocket power through Mach 0.92 at 10.07:28, 9 seconds after release from the WhiteKnightTwo (WK2) carrier aircraft and 14 seconds before the vehicle would have reached Mach
503:
At a news conference on November 2, NTSB acting chairman Christopher Hart said the lock–unlock lever for the vehicle's feathering mechanism was moved to the unlocked position at slightly above Mach 1. SpaceShipTwo's feathering mechanism then began moving even though that motion had not been
420:
feet (15,000 meters), where the atmosphere is virtually devoid of oxygen. On November 7, Siebold told investigators that the aircraft broke up around him. He was still strapped into his seat. He released the straps and his parachute later deployed automatically. Siebold was not wearing a
356:
According to the NTSB briefing, SpaceShipTwo (SS2) dropped from the mother ship as planned and fired its new hybrid rocket engine normally. About eleven seconds later, the space plane violently broke apart, substantially giving the appearance of an explosion, and creating a 35-mile-long
541:(CRM) approach, already used by Virgin for its WK2 operations, is being adopted for SS2. This will include call-outs and a challenge/response protocol. While the report cites CRM issues as a likely contributing cause, Virgin says there is no plan to modify the cockpit display system.
462:
A rocket-powered test flight of SpaceShipTwo took place on April 29, 2013, with an engine burn of 16 seconds duration. The brief flight began at an altitude of 47,000 feet (14,000 m), and reached a maximum altitude of 55,000 feet (17,000 m) and a speed of
606:
in July 2013 describing his safety concerns over SpaceShipTwo. Daly's concerns centered around the use of nitrous oxide in the hybrid propulsion system; the final NTSB report indicates that the propulsion system did not contribute to the breakup of the vehicle.
1199:
376:
There was initial conjecture from some industry experts that the new rocket engine was at fault, but this was quickly disproved when the craft's engine and propellant tanks were recovered intact; indicating there was no explosion due to either the solid
500:(NTSB) investigated the accident. A Go Team was dispatched to the accident site on October 31, 2014. The team, consisting of around fifteen personnel, arrived at the Mojave Air and Space Port on November 1. They began their investigation that day.
403:
chairman Christopher Hart said: "We are not ruling anything out. We are looking at all of these issues to determine what was the root cause of this mishap … We are looking at a number of possibilities, including that possibility (of pilot error)."
1813:
1956:
3568:
544:
2067:
CSB public hearing-comment Open OSHA-EPA unacceptable Response to standards which should include N20 Handling-Storage of Virgin Galactic and Scaled Composites 15,000 + Lbs. of Fuel (N2O) in Mojave and New Mexico
626:
business of engineering. For the 21st century billionaire, space travel is what buying a professional sports team was for the rich boys of an earlier era: the biggest, coolest, most impressive toy imaginable."
2362:
958:
1821:
610:
Several key employees had resigned from Virgin Galactic within the year leading up to the crash, including the Vice-President of Safety, Jon Turnipseed, and Vice-President of Propulsion, Thomas Markusic.
1514:
3603:
636:
couldn't read their instruments"; Virgin Galactic denies this claim. The engine did not have enough power to lift six passengers into space, so Virgin Galactic switched to a new nylon-based fuel, the
1982:
936:
588:
1060:
3583:
1623:
1123:
2456:
2396:
1461:
831:
Mojave Air and Space Port press conference on October 31, 2014, at 2:00 p.m. PDT — involving: the Spaceport, Sheriff's Department, County Fire Department, Scaled Composites, Virgin Galactic
793:"National Transportation Safety Board Aerospace Accident Report In-Flight Breakup During Test Flight Scaled Composites SpaceShipTwo, N339SS Near Koehn Dry Lake, California October 31, 2014"
1681:
1375:
3558:
2045:
1930:
1492:
734:
2355:
1952:
906:
2321:
2185:
1176:
2013:
681:
1873:
3598:
2624:
2618:
2348:
877:
2121:
1027:
966:
2655:
1899:
1544:
1518:
3573:
1765:
846:
509:
1978:
1341:
1310:
1229:
1093:
1050:
928:
2960:
807:
271:. The NTSB said other important factors in the accident were inadequate design safeguards, poor pilot training and lack of rigorous oversight by the
2476:
1619:
1115:
444:
286:
113:
1453:
2246:
1367:
1677:
2446:
2215:
2178:"Problems Plagued Virgin Galactic Rocket Ship Long Before Crash: Richard Branson's Projections on Launch Ran Counter to Technical Capabilities"
1923:"Problems Plagued Virgin Galactic Rocket Ship Long Before Crash: Richard Branson's Projections on Launch Ran Counter to Technical Capabilities"
2913:
2035:
1922:
1736:
1484:
640:
reported. At a test of the new fuel earlier in 2013, "an explosion all but obliterated the test stand", according to the Journal's sources.
2291:
803:
726:
711:
497:
302:
260:
1256:
2177:
902:
2648:
2406:
3578:
3553:
3080:
2854:
1678:"Investigators Cite Inadequate Design Safeguards in SpaceShip Two Crash: NTSB staff questions if pilots fully aware of flight hazards"
1172:
767:
3608:
2576:
2536:
2005:
1847:
2155:
992:
1869:
485:
2466:
2372:
1431:
2722:
1703:
1652:
1596:
1401:
408:
272:
869:
2805:
2641:
2486:
2117:
2095:
1283:
361:
before the aircraft crashed. Alsbury was killed in the crash. Siebold survived with serious injuries and was transported to
1019:
333:. The test flight was the aircraft's first powered flight in nine months, and was to include the first flight testing of a
2953:
2606:
2426:
3489:
1895:
1566:
1540:
3548:
2526:
2506:
2436:
1150:
3588:
3543:
3168:
2867:
2556:
2496:
1797:
668:
2070:
2795:
2516:
2316:
603:
575:, in a news conference following the incident, said that "Space is hard and today was a tough day." Virgin founder
1761:
842:
447:
test vehicle. It was the first of the five SpaceShipTwo craft planned by Virgin Galactic. Since October 2010, VSS
3380:
2898:
2707:
2416:
330:
156:
3593:
3476:
3290:
3285:
3280:
2946:
1225:
538:
362:
1333:
1306:
1083:
3408:
2920:
2331:
1793:
663:
338:
264:
341:
was composed of nylon instead of rubber. The flight was the aircraft's 55th, and its 35th free flight. VSS
3448:
3403:
3181:
792:
3563:
3349:
3047:
2999:
2925:
2664:
592:
440:
366:
143:
2238:
2297:
512:
said. Instead, Scaled Composites "put all their eggs in the basket of the pilots doing it correctly."
3423:
3029:
3011:
2596:
651:
572:
268:
2207:
3443:
631:
3023:
3005:
2340:
2305:
3527:
3428:
3201:
2546:
1732:
1055:
307:
245:
1252:
459:. There were several performance issues during the ship engine's development in 2012 and 2013.
3515:
3438:
3413:
3368:
3222:
2903:
2697:
2586:
2312:
Acting Chairman Christopher Hart's first briefing on crash of Space Ship Two in Mojave, Calif.
596:
595:, said on November 6, 2014, that industry best practice called for operators to build in "two-
389:
3385:
3373:
3227:
2711:
2701:
2040:
762:
757:
644:
32:
318:
was performing a test flight – powered flight 4 (PF04) – in which it was dropped from the
3503:
3275:
3270:
3035:
2993:
2969:
2761:
2737:
2687:
2673:
2151:
2074:
1843:
707:
686:
615:
576:
350:
249:
233:
136:
2147:
988:
3243:
3138:
3075:
3041:
2882:
2877:
2828:
2790:
2310:
2143:
622:
452:
433:
334:
319:
222:
123:
37:
1648:
1592:
1515:"Virgin Galactic Breaks Speed of Sound in First Rocket-Powered Flight of SpaceShipTwo"
1423:
1397:
3537:
3418:
3119:
2908:
2755:
421:
416:
382:
346:
253:
241:
93:
263:
later concluded that the breakup was caused by Alsbury's premature unlocking of the
3354:
3070:
2979:
2823:
2800:
2773:
2767:
2691:
1953:"Virgin Galactic crash: Spaceflight company warned of safety issues, expert claims"
229:
1733:"Lack of Consideration for Human Factors Led to In-Flight Breakup of SpaceShipTwo"
727:"Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes in New Setback for Commercial Spaceflight"
1279:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3193:
3102:
3087:
464:
456:
455:
carrier aircraft, 31 unpowered glide-to-landing tests, and three rocket-powered
407:
The incident resulted in the first fatality on a spacecraft in flight since the
396:
237:
83:
79:
1454:"Virgin Galactic was reportedly too aggressive with commercial launch timeline"
3458:
3433:
3114:
3107:
3053:
3017:
2749:
2743:
1570:
517:
388:
A preliminary investigation and cockpit video subsequently indicated that the
97:
1146:
929:"SpaceShipTwo Rocket Plane Debris Spread Over 35 Miles, NTSB Says - NBC News"
3359:
3147:
3097:
3092:
2844:
1427:
559:
521:
471:
358:
1116:"SpaceShipTwo 'Feather' Tail System Deployed Prematurely: NTSB - NBC News"
3453:
2066:
2633:
2268:
1567:"NTSB Launches Go-Team to Investigate Virgin Galactic Test Flight Crash"
3160:
2859:
1704:"Pilot Training Fell Short in Virgin Galactic Crash, Investigators Say"
1337:
1088:
323:
44:
43:, the spacecraft involved in the accident, attached to its mothership,
2036:"Virgin Was Allegedly Warned By Expert About 'Unpredictable' New Fuel"
1870:"Pilot dies as Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo lost during test flight"
1569:(Press release). National Transportation Safety Board. Archived from
537:
been added to the checklist and operating handbook, and a formalized
2087:
1896:"Branson on Virgin Galactic crash: 'Space is hard -- but worth it'"
1147:"Virgin Galactic descent system activated early, investigators say"
2938:
543:
484:
378:
1424:"Richard Branson and Burt Rutan Form Spacecraft Building Company"
2088:"CBC.ca - Canadian News Sports Entertainment Kids Docs Radio TV"
1517:(Press release). Virgin Galactic. April 29, 2013. Archived from
1485:"Problems Plagued Virgin Galactic Rocket Ship Long Before Crash"
400:
2942:
2637:
2344:
2118:"Mojave Jobs: Virgin Galactic Needs a Vice President of Safety"
1200:"SpaceShipTwo Probe Focuses On Human Factors, Test Procedures"
648:
530:
3569:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 2014
1368:"Pilot Who Survived Space Crash Says Parachute Opened Itself"
589:
International Association for the Advancement of Space Safety
451:
had flown 20 captive flights while remaining attached to its
1541:"Virgin Galactic rolls out 'Unity,' the second SpaceShipTwo"
1814:"NTSB: Co-pilot of spaceship unlocked braking system early"
1649:"Virgin Galactic crash: SpaceShipTwo probe 'may take year'"
1051:"Investigators Focus on Tail Booms in Crash of Space Plane"
1020:"Crashed Virgin Spacecraft Descent Function Deployed Early"
959:"Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo crashes during test flight"
335:
new, more powerful and steadier-thrust hybrid rocket engine
1762:"Deadly SpaceShipTwo Crash Caused by Co-Pilot Error: NTSB"
1334:"Rocket plane's tail activated prematurely in fatal crash"
1620:"SpaceShipTwo 'Feather' Tail System Deployed Prematurely"
1173:"Crash Analysis: How SpaceShipTwo's Feathered Tails Work"
563:, was unveiled by Scaled Composites and Virgin Galactic.
357:(55-kilometer) debris field. Witnesses reported seeing a
1844:"Will Virgin SpaceShipTwo crash set back space tourism?"
548:
NTSB staff talk with Virgin Galactic pilot Todd Ericson
3604:
Aviation accidents and incidents caused by pilot error
3487:
1593:"Virgin Galactic crash: Inquiry team lands in Mojave"
1398:"One dead in Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo test crash"
903:"Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo rocket plane crashes"
236:, suffered a catastrophic in-flight breakup during a
1979:"Branson spaceship explosion: The 'missed' warnings"
3396:
3336:
3257:
3236:
3215:
3128:
3063:
2986:
2891:
2816:
2783:
2730:
2680:
2298:
NTSB Investigates Virgin Galactic Test Flight Crash
725:Chang, Kenneth; Schwartz, John (October 31, 2014).
682:
List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents
666:" (season 18, episode 6) of the Canadian TV series
203:
195:
187:
179:
171:
163:
152:
142:
132:
119:
109:
104:
89:
74:
59:
54:
3584:Space accidents and incidents in the United States
1361:
1359:
232:experimental spaceflight test vehicle operated by
2332:Report discussing how Peter Siebold escaped from
1226:"Virgin Galactic Spacecraft Crashes, Killing One"
1084:"Spaceship's descent device deployed prematurely"
1014:
1012:
1010:
787:
785:
2239:"FAA to end commercial astronaut wings program"
399:being the proximate cause of the crash, acting
3559:Aviation accidents and incidents in California
2208:"FAA Commercial Human Spaceflight Recognition"
1643:
1641:
2954:
2649:
2356:
1228:. The Wall Street Journal. October 31, 2014.
897:
895:
8:
1756:
1754:
870:"Pilot killed in spaceship crash identified"
489:NTSB Go-Team inspects a tail section of VSS
293:
21:
1727:
1725:
2961:
2947:
2939:
2656:
2642:
2634:
2363:
2349:
2341:
2270:Mayday - Air Crash Investigation (S01-S22)
1680:. The Wall Street Journal. July 28, 2015.
1672:
1670:
647:) and Siebold were honorarily awarded the
31:
20:
1787:
1785:
1783:
3599:October 2014 events in the United States
1202:. Aviation Week & Space Technology.
445:Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo
114:Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo
3494:
2148:"Enough With Amateur-Hour Space Flight"
2098:from the original on September 24, 2015
2006:"Virgin faulted for safety precautions"
1802:. Season 18. Episode 6. March 22, 2018.
989:"Enough With Amateur-Hour Space Flight"
843:"SpaceShipTwo crashes in Mojave Desert"
717:
221:occurred on October 31, 2014, when the
2249:from the original on February 26, 2024
2218:from the original on December 10, 2021
2188:from the original on December 18, 2014
2158:from the original on November 12, 2014
2016:from the original on November 10, 2014
1933:from the original on November 14, 2014
1547:from the original on February 21, 2016
1495:from the original on November 29, 2014
1464:from the original on November 18, 2016
1434:from the original on December 15, 2010
1378:from the original on November 13, 2014
939:from the original on February 26, 2024
2124:from the original on November 4, 2014
2048:from the original on November 7, 2014
1959:from the original on October 16, 2017
1902:from the original on November 1, 2014
1876:from the original on November 1, 2014
1850:from the original on October 31, 2014
1768:from the original on January 31, 2023
1655:from the original on November 2, 2014
1599:from the original on November 1, 2014
1404:from the original on October 31, 2014
1344:from the original on December 2, 2018
1313:from the original on November 4, 2014
1307:"Space Tourism Isn't Worth Dying For"
1286:from the original on October 23, 2015
1259:from the original on November 4, 2014
1232:from the original on November 3, 2014
1179:from the original on November 3, 2014
1153:from the original on November 3, 2014
1096:from the original on November 3, 2014
1063:from the original on November 3, 2014
1030:from the original on November 3, 2014
995:from the original on November 9, 2014
909:from the original on November 2, 2014
880:from the original on November 2, 2014
849:from the original on November 3, 2014
770:from the original on November 3, 2014
758:"Space Tourism Isn't Worth Dying For"
7:
2292:National Transportation Safety Board
1618:M. Alex Johnson (November 3, 2014).
1543:. Collect Space. February 20, 2016.
804:National Transportation Safety Board
712:National Transportation Safety Board
498:National Transportation Safety Board
261:National Transportation Safety Board
3574:History of the Mojave Desert region
2477:Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown
2077:, csb.gov, retrieved 19 August 2016
2004:Wright, Robert (November 6, 2014).
1921:Pasztor, Andy (November 13, 2014).
1739:from the original on March 20, 2021
1626:from the original on March 22, 2021
1145:Amos, Jonathan (November 3, 2014).
1126:from the original on March 22, 2021
1049:Chang, Kenneth (November 3, 2014).
991:. Time Magazine. October 31, 2014.
868:Hughes, Trevor (November 1, 2014).
813:from the original on April 30, 2017
477:, was rolled out in February 2016.
467:(920 mph or 1,480 km/h).
385:) components of the hybrid engine.
16:Inflight break-up of VSS Enterprise
2457:Lao People's Air Force An-74 crash
1483:Andy Pasztor (November 14, 2014).
1206:from the original on April 4, 2015
1082:Melley, Brian (November 3, 2014).
841:Pope, Stephen (October 31, 2014).
737:from the original on April 1, 2019
710:from websites or documents of the
14:
2447:Haughey Air AgustaWestland AW 139
2322:Cockpit Image Recorder transcript
2306:NTSB SpaceShipTwo List of Reports
2237:Foust, Jeff (December 10, 2021).
1955:. Independent. November 2, 2014.
1684:from the original on May 16, 2021
1366:Levin, Alan (November 12, 2014).
1332:Klotz, Irene (November 3, 2014).
1278:Lafeur, Claude (March 17, 2014).
1198:Norris, Guy (November 14, 2014).
806:. July 28, 2015. NTSB/AAR-15/02.
756:Rogers, Adam (October 31, 2014).
3521:
3509:
3497:
3472:
3471:
2721:
2373:Aviation accidents and incidents
2120:. Parabolic Arc. February 2014.
1985:from the original on May 8, 2018
706: This article incorporates
701:
306:Location of the crash site near
292:
285:
1981:. Telegraph. November 1, 2014.
1820:. July 28, 2015. Archived from
580:"Space is hard, but worth it."
415:in 2003. The survival of pilot
273:Federal Aviation Administration
2407:Algerian Air Force C-130 crash
1846:. BBC News. October 31, 2014.
1400:. BBC News. October 31, 2014.
662:The incident was featured in "
1:
2607:Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501
2427:Ethiopian Airlines Flight 702
1280:"Spacecraft (Known) Failures"
1253:"Fatal Spaceflight Accidents"
1026:. Reuters. November 3, 2014.
432:The vehicle in the accident,
395:Regarding the possibility of
78:In-flight break-up caused by
2577:Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown
2537:Santos Cessna Citation crash
2527:Sepahan Airlines Flight 5915
2507:TransAsia Airways Flight 222
2437:Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
1764:. Space.com. July 28, 2015.
369:. The carrier aircraft, VMS
329:, after taking off from the
314:On the day of the accident,
2497:Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
2467:Bedford Gulfstream IV crash
2073:September 23, 2015, at the
1595:. BBC News. November 2014.
159:, California, United States
3625:
2796:Scaled Composites Tier One
652:Commercial Astronaut Wings
629:On November 13, 2014, the
604:U.S. Chemical Safety Board
63:October 31, 2014
3579:Mojave Air and Space Port
3554:2014 industrial disasters
3467:
3381:Mojave Aerospace Ventures
3249:2014 VSS Enterprise crash
2976:
2719:
2708:Mojave Aerospace Ventures
2671:
2616:
2487:Olsberg mid-air collision
2417:Nepal Airlines Flight 183
2388:
1872:. ITV. October 31, 2014.
331:Mojave Air and Space Port
167:Mojave Air and Space Port
157:Mojave Air and Space Port
30:
3609:Space program fatalities
1305:Ben M (March 17, 2014).
602:Geoff Daly wrote to the
539:crew resource management
363:Antelope Valley Hospital
3409:Sub-orbital spaceflight
3237:Accidents and incidents
3171:Spirit of Steve Fossett
2921:Sub-orbital spaceflight
2870:Spirit of Steve Fossett
2517:Air Algérie Flight 5017
1735:. NTSB. July 28, 2015.
643:In 2021, both Alsbury (
256:was seriously injured.
3449:Orbital launch vehicle
3404:Billionaire space race
2557:Wichita King Air crash
708:public domain material
549:
525:earlier test flights.
493:
470:A second SS2 vehicle,
3350:The Spaceship Company
3048:Frederick W. Sturckow
2665:The Spaceship Company
2184:. November 13, 2014.
1460:. November 14, 2014.
621:on October 31, 2014,
593:European Space Agency
547:
488:
443:N339SS, was the sole
252:was killed and pilot
3424:Commercial astronaut
3012:George T. Whitesides
2597:Loganair Flight 6780
2587:Korean Air Flight 86
2567:VSS Enterprise crash
2146:(October 31, 2014).
2044:. November 2, 2014.
1824:on December 28, 2018
1122:. November 3, 2014.
935:. November 4, 2014.
573:George T. Whitesides
571:Virgin Galactic CEO
345:was crewed by pilot
303:class=notpageimage|
269:atmospheric re-entry
3549:2014 in spaceflight
3459:Mothership aircraft
3444:Air launch to orbit
2625:► 2015
2619:2013 ◄
2336:during the incident
2182:Wall Street Journal
1927:Wall Street Journal
1818:The Washington Post
1573:on November 7, 2014
969:on October 31, 2014
963:The Daily Telegraph
905:. Spaceflight now.
632:Wall Street Journal
614:In an editorial in
584:November 10, 2014.
381:-based) or liquid (
240:and crashed in the
27:
3589:Spacecraft endings
3544:2014 in California
3429:Composite aircraft
3346:Galactic Ventures
3000:Michael Colglazier
2752:(former president)
2622:
2547:Unijet Flight 074P
2300:, official webpage
1708:The New York Times
1056:The New York Times
731:The New York Times
658:In popular culture
550:
494:
322:carrier aircraft,
308:Cantil, California
246:Cantil, California
120:Aircraft name
110:Aircraft type
3485:
3484:
3439:Parasite aircraft
3369:Scaled Composites
3337:Related companies
3223:Spaceport America
2936:
2935:
2698:Scaled Composites
2681:Related companies
2631:
2630:
1521:on April 30, 2013
1430:. July 27, 2005.
845:. flyingmag.com.
597:failure tolerance
390:feathering system
373:, landed safely.
211:
210:
3616:
3526:
3525:
3524:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3493:
3475:
3474:
3386:Vulcan Aerospace
3374:Northrop Grumman
3228:Spaceport Sweden
3081:White Knight Two
2978:Parent company:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2940:
2899:Mojave Spaceport
2855:White Knight Two
2817:Programs / ships
2806:White Knight One
2725:
2712:Vulcan Aerospace
2702:Northrop Grumman
2658:
2651:
2644:
2635:
2623:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2313:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2084:
2078:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2041:Business Insider
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1789:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1758:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1363:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1016:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
965:. Archived from
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
925:
919:
918:
916:
914:
899:
890:
889:
887:
885:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
838:
832:
829:
823:
822:
820:
818:
812:
797:
789:
780:
779:
777:
775:
753:
747:
746:
744:
742:
722:
705:
704:
296:
295:
289:
267:device used for
70:
68:
35:
28:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3594:Virgin Galactic
3534:
3533:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3498:
3496:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3463:
3392:
3332:
3253:
3232:
3211:
3124:
3064:Vehicle classes
3059:
3036:Michael Masucci
2994:Richard Branson
2982:
2972:
2970:Virgin Galactic
2967:
2937:
2932:
2887:
2812:
2779:
2762:Michael Alsbury
2738:Richard Branson
2726:
2717:
2688:Virgin Galactic
2676:
2674:Virgin Galactic
2667:
2662:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:SSAC Flight 111
2394:
2384:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2311:
2289:
2284:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2144:Kluger, Jeffrey
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2075:Wayback Machine
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2010:Financial Times
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1812:
1811:
1807:
1791:
1790:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1710:. July 28, 2015
1702:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1251:Krebs, Gunter.
1250:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1008:
998:
996:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
957:
956:
952:
942:
940:
927:
926:
922:
912:
910:
901:
900:
893:
883:
881:
867:
866:
862:
852:
850:
840:
839:
835:
830:
826:
816:
814:
810:
795:
791:
790:
783:
773:
771:
755:
754:
750:
740:
738:
724:
723:
719:
702:
699:
678:
660:
577:Richard Branson
569:
483:
430:
351:Michael Alsbury
312:
311:
310:
305:
299:
298:
297:
281:
250:Michael Alsbury
234:Virgin Galactic
137:Virgin Galactic
100:, United States
66:
64:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3622:
3620:
3612:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3397:Related topics
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3244:2007 explosion
3240:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3199:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3166:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3145:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3076:RocketMotorTwo
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3042:Mark P. Stucky
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2906:
2901:
2895:
2893:
2892:Related topics
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2883:SpaceShipThree
2880:
2878:RocketMotorTwo
2875:
2874:
2873:
2865:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2793:
2791:Ansari X Prize
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2764:† (test pilot)
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2734:
2732:
2731:Notable people
2728:
2727:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2705:
2695:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2629:
2628:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2334:VSS Enterprise
2325:
2324:
2319:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2288:
2287:External links
2285:
2283:
2282:
2260:
2229:
2199:
2169:
2135:
2109:
2079:
2059:
2027:
1996:
1970:
1944:
1913:
1887:
1861:
1835:
1805:
1794:Deadly Mission
1779:
1750:
1721:
1695:
1666:
1637:
1610:
1584:
1558:
1532:
1506:
1475:
1445:
1415:
1389:
1355:
1324:
1297:
1270:
1243:
1217:
1190:
1164:
1137:
1107:
1074:
1041:
1006:
980:
950:
920:
891:
860:
833:
824:
781:
748:
716:
698:
695:
694:
693:
684:
677:
674:
664:Deadly Mission
659:
656:
623:Jeffrey Kluger
568:
565:
510:Robert Sumwalt
482:
479:
453:WhiteKnightTwo
429:
426:
409:Space Shuttle
320:WhiteKnightTwo
301:
300:
291:
290:
284:
283:
282:
280:
277:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
173:
169:
168:
165:
161:
160:
154:
150:
149:
146:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
102:
101:
91:
87:
86:
76:
72:
71:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
36:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3621:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3529:
3519:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3495:
3491:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Space tourism
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3343:Virgin Group
3342:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3121:
3120:SpaceShip III
3118:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3032:(chief pilot)
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2964:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2909:Space tourism
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
2756:Peter Siebold
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2713:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2626:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2568:
2558:
2548:
2538:
2528:
2518:
2508:
2498:
2488:
2478:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2387:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:Other media:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2157:
2153:
2152:Time Magazine
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1917:
1914:
1901:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1611:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1559:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1476:
1468:September 17,
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1377:
1374:. Bloomberg.
1373:
1372:Bloomberg.com
1369:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1152:
1148:
1141:
1138:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
994:
990:
984:
981:
968:
964:
960:
954:
951:
938:
934:
930:
924:
921:
908:
904:
898:
896:
892:
879:
875:
871:
864:
861:
848:
844:
837:
834:
828:
825:
809:
805:
801:
794:
788:
786:
782:
769:
765:
764:
759:
752:
749:
736:
732:
728:
721:
718:
715:
713:
709:
696:
692:
690:
685:
683:
680:
679:
675:
673:
671:
670:
665:
657:
655:
653:
650:
646:
641:
639:
634:
633:
627:
624:
620:
618:
612:
608:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
585:
581:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
561:
557:s successor,
556:
546:
542:
540:
534:
532:
526:
523:
519:
513:
511:
505:
501:
499:
492:
487:
481:Investigation
480:
478:
476:
475:
468:
466:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:
427:
425:
423:
422:pressure suit
418:
417:Peter Siebold
414:
412:
405:
402:
398:
393:
391:
386:
384:
383:nitrous oxide
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
354:
352:
349:and co-pilot
348:
347:Peter Siebold
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:
321:
317:
309:
304:
288:
278:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
254:Peter Siebold
251:
247:
243:
242:Mojave Desert
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:
220:
218:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:
153:Flight origin
151:
147:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
128:
127:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
94:Mojave Desert
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
62:
58:
53:
49:
48:
42:
41:
34:
29:
25:
19:
3564:SpaceShipTwo
3355:Virgin Orbit
3265:
3248:
3203:
3195:
3182:
3170:
3162:
3149:
3140:
3071:SpaceShipTwo
3050:(test pilot)
3044:(test pilot)
3038:(test pilot)
3030:David Mackay
3024:Julia Hunter
3006:Jon Campagna
2980:Virgin Group
2869:
2861:
2846:
2837:
2830:
2824:SpaceShipTwo
2801:SpaceShipOne
2776:(test pilot)
2774:Mike Melvill
2770:(test pilot)
2768:Brian Binnie
2758:(test pilot)
2746:(co-founder)
2740:(co-founder)
2692:Virgin Group
2566:
2333:
2326:
2290:
2274:, retrieved
2269:
2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2242:
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2211:
2202:
2192:December 10,
2190:. Retrieved
2181:
2172:
2162:November 12,
2160:. Retrieved
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2039:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2009:
1999:
1987:. Retrieved
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1947:
1937:November 13,
1935:. Retrieved
1926:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1817:
1808:
1798:
1770:. Retrieved
1741:. Retrieved
1712:. Retrieved
1707:
1698:
1686:. Retrieved
1657:. Retrieved
1651:. BBC News.
1628:. Retrieved
1622:. NBC News.
1613:
1601:. Retrieved
1587:
1575:. Retrieved
1571:the original
1561:
1551:February 20,
1549:. Retrieved
1535:
1523:. Retrieved
1519:the original
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1488:
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1436:. Retrieved
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1392:
1382:November 13,
1380:. Retrieved
1371:
1346:. Retrieved
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1300:
1288:. Retrieved
1273:
1261:. Retrieved
1246:
1234:. Retrieved
1220:
1210:November 14,
1208:. Retrieved
1193:
1181:. Retrieved
1167:
1155:. Retrieved
1149:. BBC News.
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1119:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1087:
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1054:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1023:
997:. Retrieved
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:the original
962:
953:
941:. Retrieved
932:
923:
911:. Retrieved
882:. Retrieved
873:
863:
851:. Retrieved
836:
827:
815:. Retrieved
799:
772:. Retrieved
761:
751:
739:. Retrieved
730:
720:
700:
688:
667:
661:
645:posthumously
642:
637:
630:
628:
616:
613:
609:
601:
586:
582:
570:
558:
554:
551:
535:
527:
514:
506:
502:
495:
490:
473:
469:
461:
457:test flights
448:
441:registration
435:
431:
410:
406:
394:
387:
375:
370:
355:
342:
325:
315:
313:
258:
230:SpaceShipTwo
224:
216:
214:
212:
144:Registration
125:
46:
39:
23:
18:
3528:Spaceflight
3414:Kármán line
3326:Galactic 07
3321:Galactic 06
3316:Galactic 05
3311:Galactic 04
3306:Galactic 03
3301:Galactic 02
3296:Galactic 01
3258:Spaceflight
3183:Cosmic Girl
3103:NewtonThree
3088:LauncherOne
3020:(President)
2904:Kármán line
2276:January 26,
2212:www.faa.gov
2128:November 4,
2052:November 6,
2020:November 6,
1989:November 1,
1963:November 2,
1906:November 1,
1880:November 1,
1854:November 1,
1772:January 30,
1659:November 2,
1630:November 3,
1603:November 1,
1438:October 31,
1408:October 31,
1317:November 4,
1290:November 4,
1263:November 4,
1236:November 2,
1183:November 5,
1157:November 4,
1130:November 3,
1100:November 3,
1067:November 3,
1034:November 3,
999:November 9,
973:October 31,
943:November 5,
913:October 31,
884:November 1,
853:November 1,
774:November 1,
741:November 1,
555:Enterprise'
397:pilot error
248:. Co-pilot
238:test flight
164:Destination
84:pilot error
80:design flaw
3538:Categories
3516:California
3434:Air launch
3216:Spaceports
3141:Enterprise
3115:Boeing 747
3108:NewtonFour
3054:Beth Moses
3018:Mike Moses
2996:(Chairman)
2926:Spaceplane
2838:2014 crash
2831:Enterprise
2784:Background
2750:Doug Shane
2744:Burt Rutan
2253:January 3,
2222:January 3,
2102:August 19,
2068:Spaceports
817:August 29,
697:References
518:Burt Rutan
491:Enterprise
449:Enterprise
436:Enterprise
365:in nearby
343:Enterprise
339:fuel grain
316:Enterprise
225:Enterprise
217:Enterprise
188:Fatalities
126:Enterprise
98:California
67:2014-10-31
40:Enterprise
24:Enterprise
3454:Smallsats
3360:VOX Space
3098:NewtonTwo
3093:NewtonOne
3056:(trainer)
2914:Companies
2243:SpaceNews
1499:March 15,
1458:The Verge
1428:Space.com
874:USA Today
567:Responses
560:VSS Unity
522:transonic
367:Lancaster
359:parachute
265:air brake
204:Survivors
172:Occupants
3504:Aviation
3477:Category
3291:Unity 25
3286:Unity 22
3281:Unity 21
3129:Vehicles
2247:Archived
2216:Archived
2186:Archived
2156:Archived
2122:Archived
2096:Archived
2071:Archived
2046:Archived
2014:Archived
1983:Archived
1957:Archived
1931:Archived
1900:Archived
1898:. CNET.
1874:Archived
1848:Archived
1828:July 28,
1766:Archived
1743:July 29,
1737:Archived
1714:July 28,
1688:July 28,
1682:Archived
1653:Archived
1624:Archived
1597:Archived
1545:Archived
1493:Archived
1462:Archived
1432:Archived
1402:Archived
1376:Archived
1342:Archived
1311:Archived
1284:Archived
1257:Archived
1230:Archived
1204:Archived
1177:Archived
1151:Archived
1124:Archived
1120:NBC News
1094:Archived
1061:Archived
1028:Archived
1024:Newsweek
993:Archived
937:Archived
933:NBC News
907:Archived
878:Archived
847:Archived
808:Archived
800:ntsb.gov
768:Archived
735:Archived
676:See also
619:magazine
465:Mach 1.2
428:Aircraft
413:disaster
411:Columbia
279:Accident
196:Injuries
133:Operator
105:Aircraft
55:Accident
3490:Portals
3204:Inspire
3196:Imagine
2377: (
2375:in 2014
2317:YouTube
1577:May 22,
1525:May 14,
1348:June 9,
1338:Reuters
1089:AP News
638:Journal
275:(FAA).
75:Summary
65: (
2603:Dec 28
2593:Dec 15
2573:Nov 12
2563:Oct 31
2553:Oct 30
2543:Oct 20
2533:Aug 13
2523:Aug 10
2513:Jul 24
2503:Jul 23
2493:Jul 17
2483:Jun 23
2473:Jun 14
2463:May 31
2453:May 17
2443:Mar 13
2423:Feb 17
2413:Feb 16
2403:Feb 11
2393:Jan 20
2092:cbc.ca
1799:Mayday
669:Mayday
337:whose
148:N339SS
3276:VF-01
3271:VP-03
3266:Unity
3178:B747
3150:Unity
3014:(CSO)
3008:(CFO)
3002:(CEO)
2987:Staff
2847:Unity
2583:Dec 5
2433:Mar 8
811:(PDF)
796:(PDF)
763:Wired
691:VP-03
689:Unity
474:Unity
379:nylon
244:near
219:crash
26:crash
3264:VSS
3202:VSS
3194:VSS
3190:SS3
3169:VMS
3161:VMS
3157:WK2
3148:VSS
3139:VSS
3135:SS2
3026:(VP)
2868:VMS
2860:VMS
2845:VSS
2829:VSS
2379:2014
2278:2024
2255:2022
2224:2022
2194:2014
2164:2014
2130:2014
2104:2016
2054:2014
2022:2014
1991:2014
1965:2014
1939:2014
1908:2014
1882:2014
1856:2014
1830:2015
1774:2023
1745:2015
1716:2015
1690:2015
1661:2014
1632:2014
1605:2014
1579:2019
1553:2016
1527:2013
1501:2017
1470:2017
1440:2014
1410:2014
1384:2014
1350:2018
1319:2014
1292:2014
1265:2014
1238:2014
1212:2014
1185:2014
1159:2014
1132:2014
1102:2014
1069:2014
1036:2014
1001:2014
975:2014
945:2014
915:2014
886:2014
855:2014
819:2017
776:2014
743:2014
687:VSS
617:Time
587:The
496:The
472:VSS
434:VSS
401:NTSB
324:VMS
259:The
228:, a
223:VSS
215:VSS
213:The
180:Crew
124:VSS
90:Site
82:and
60:Date
45:VMS
38:VSS
22:VSS
3163:Eve
2862:Eve
2315:on
1796:".
1489:WSJ
649:FAA
531:FAA
371:Eve
326:Eve
47:Eve
3540::
2834:†
2245:.
2241:.
2214:.
2210:.
2180:.
2154:.
2150:.
2094:.
2090:.
2038:.
2012:.
2008:.
1929:.
1925:.
1816:.
1782:^
1753:^
1724:^
1706:.
1669:^
1640:^
1491:.
1487:.
1456:.
1426:.
1370:.
1358:^
1340:.
1336:.
1309:.
1282:.
1255:.
1175:.
1118:.
1092:.
1086:.
1059:.
1053:.
1022:.
1009:^
961:.
931:.
894:^
876:.
872:.
802:.
798:.
784:^
766:.
760:.
733:.
729:.
672:.
654:.
439:,
424:.
353:.
96:,
3492::
3144:†
2962:e
2955:t
2948:v
2714:)
2710:(
2704:)
2700:(
2694:)
2690:(
2657:e
2650:t
2643:v
2381:)
2364:e
2357:t
2350:v
2257:.
2226:.
2196:.
2166:.
2132:.
2106:.
2056:.
2024:.
1993:.
1967:.
1941:.
1910:.
1884:.
1858:.
1832:.
1792:"
1776:.
1747:.
1718:.
1692:.
1663:.
1634:.
1607:.
1581:.
1555:.
1529:.
1503:.
1472:.
1442:.
1412:.
1386:.
1352:.
1321:.
1294:.
1267:.
1240:.
1214:.
1187:.
1161:.
1134:.
1104:.
1071:.
1038:.
1003:.
977:.
947:.
917:.
888:.
857:.
821:.
778:.
745:.
714:.
377:(
207:1
199:1
191:1
183:2
175:2
69:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
